20 Enfermedades Causadas por Bacterias

Amagciwane ayizinto eziphilayo ezincane ezingadala izinhlobo eziningi zezifo kubantu. Lezi zifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, ezaziwa nangokuthi izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, ziyinselele yezokwelapha njalo ngenxa yekhono lazo lokusabalala ngokushesha futhi zithinte nezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zomzimba. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ngokuningiliziwe izifo ezingama-20 ezibangelwa amagciwane, sihlaziya izimbangela zabo, izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa okungenzeka. Ngale ndlela yobuchwepheshe nokungathathi hlangothi, sifuna ukunikeza ukuqonda okujulile kwezifo ezivame kakhulu ezibangelwa amagciwane futhi sithuthukise ukuqwashisa ngokubaluleka kokuvimbela nokwelashwa kwazo ngesikhathi.

1. Isingeniso sezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane: isifinyezo semithelela yezokwelapha

Amagciwane angama-microorganisms aneseli elilodwa angatholakala ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise umzimba womuntu. Amanye amagciwane anenzuzo empilweni yethu, kodwa amanye angabangela ukugula. Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane zingaba nemithelela ehlukahlukene yezokwelapha, kokubili ezingeni lomuntu ngamunye kanye nasezingeni lezempilo lomphakathi.

Lezi zifo zingazibonakalisa ngezindlela ezihlukene, kusukela ekuthelelekeni kwesikhumba okuncane kuya ezifweni ezimbi njengenyumoniya noma i-meningitis. Amagciwane angangena emzimbeni ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, njengokuthintana ngokuqondile nomuntu onaleli gciwane, ngokudla ukudla okungcolile, noma ngokulunywa yisinambuzane esithwalayo.

Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kubalulekile ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukwelashwa okwanele nokuvimbela ukusakazeka kwazo. Odokotela basebenzisa izindlela ezihlukene ukuze banqume ukuthi isifo sibangelwa amagciwane, njengokuhlolwa kwegazi, amasiko amasampula ezicubu, noma ukuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri okuthile. Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic kungase kudingeke ezimweni eziningi ukulwa nokutheleleka kwamagciwane.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwamagciwane amasha amelana nama-antibiotic kuwukukhathazeka okukhulayo emkhakheni wezokwelapha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amanye amagciwane angase abe nzima ukuwelapha futhi abangele izifo ezimbi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela, njengokuhlanzeka okufanele, ukuhambisana neziqondiso zokugoma kanye nokusetshenziswa okunengqondo kwemithi elwa namagciwane, ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kokubili ezingeni ngalinye kanye nasezingeni lezempilo lomphakathi.

2. Izindlela zokutheleleka ngebhaktheriya: indlela amagciwane ahlasela ngayo futhi azithinte ngayo izinto eziphilayo

Amagciwane anezinto ezihlukahlukene eziwavumela ukuba ahlasele futhi athinte izinto eziphilayo ezikhona. ngempumelelo. Lezi zindlela zibalulekile ukuze amabhaktheriya akwazi ukusungula ukutheleleka futhi aphile endaweni. Izindlela eziyinhloko zokutheleleka ngebhaktheriya zichazwe ngezansi:

1. Ukubambelela: Amagciwane anamaprotheni ebusweni bawo avumela ukuthi abambelele kumaseli abamba. Lawa maprotheni abopha kuma-receptors athile ebusweni bamaseli, enze kube lula ukuhlangana kwebhaktheriya.
2. Ukuhlasela: Uma amabhaktheriya enamathela kumaseli abamba, asebenzisa amasu ahlukene okungena ngaphakathi kwamaseli. Amanye amabhaktheriya angakhiqiza ama-enzyme avumela ukuthi awele umgoqo wamangqamuzana, kuyilapho amanye e-phagocytosed ngamaseli akhethekile wesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni.
3. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-toxin: Amagciwane angakhipha ubuthi obulimaza amangqamuzana abamba iqhaza futhi abangele izimpawu zesifo. Lobu buthi bungadedelwa endaweni engaphandle kweseli noma buhlale bunamathele endaweni yebhaktheriya.

Kafushane, amabhaktheriya asebenzisa izindlela zokubambelela, ukuhlasela, kanye nokukhiqizwa kobuthi ukuze ahlasele futhi athinte izidalwa eziphilayo. Ukuqonda ukuthi amabhaktheriya asebenzisana kanjani nomsingathi kubalulekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe amasu okuvimbela nokwelapha izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.

3. Amagciwane e-pathogenic avame kakhulu kanye nomthelela wawo empilweni yabantu

Amagciwane e-Pathogenic angama-microorganisms akwazi ukubangela izifo kubantu. Emhlabeni wonke, kunezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamabhaktheriya ezibhekwa njengezivame kakhulu futhi ezinomthelela omkhulu empilweni yabantu. Lawa mabhaktheriya e-pathogenic angasakazwa ngokuthintana ngqo nomuntu onegciwane noma isilwane, ngokudla ukudla noma amanzi angcolile, noma ngokuhogela izinhlayiya ezinegciwane.

Phakathi kwamabhaktheriya e-pathogenic ajwayelekile kakhulu:

• Salmonella: Leli gciwane lingabangela izifo ezimbi kakhulu zamathumbu, ezaziwa ngokuthi i-salmonellosis. Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa imfiva, ubuhlungu besisu, isifo sohudo nokuhlanza.
• I-Escherichia coli: Ezinye izinhlobo zaleli bhaktheriya ziyi-pathogenic futhi zingabangela izifo ze-urinary tract, izifo zamathumbu, kanye ne-hemolytic uremic syndrome, engaholela ekulimaleni kwezinso.
• Staphylococcus aureus: Leli gciwane libangela izifo ezihlukahlukene zesikhumba, njengamathumba namathumba. Ukwengeza, kungabangela izifo ezimbi kakhulu egazini nakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Kubalulekile ukugqamisa ukuthi umthelela walawa mabhaktheriya empilweni yomuntu ungahluka kuye ngezici ezihlukahlukene, njengokumelana komuntu ngamunye, isimo sempilo jikelele kanye nezinyathelo zokuhlanzeka ezamukelwayo. Ukuze uvimbele izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, kutuswa ukuba wenze inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu, ugeze izandla njalo, upheke ukudla ngendlela efanele, futhi ugweme ukuthintana ngokuqondile nabantu abagulayo noma izilwane.

4. Izifo zokuphefumula ezibangelwa amagciwane: ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa

5. Ukutheleleka kwe-bacterial gastrointestinal kanye nemiphumela yabo yomtholampilo

Ukutheleleka kwe-bacterial gastrointestinal yizifo ezibangelwa ukuhlasela kwamagciwane e-pathogenic emgudwini wamathumbu. Lawa magciwane angangena emzimbeni ngokudla ukudla noma amanzi angcolile, noma ngokuthintana nabantu abangenwe yilesi sifo noma izilwane. Izifo ezivame kakhulu zibangelwa amagciwane afana Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Campylobacter y Shigella.

Imiphumela yomtholampilo yalezi zifo ingasukela ezimpawini ezithambile, ezifana nesifo sohudo nokucasuka kwesisu, kuya ezinkingeni ezinkulu ezingase zidinge ukulaliswa esibhedlela. Eminye yemiphumela evame kakhulu ihlanganisa ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, ukuncipha, umkhuhlane, ukuhlanza, namajaqamba esiswini. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, izifo ze-bacterial gastrointestinal zingabangela izifo ezifana ne-colitis, i-sepsis noma i-hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi nokunembile kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane emathunjini kubalulekile ukuze kuqalwe ukwelashwa okufanele futhi kugwenywe izinkinga. Izindlela zokuxilonga zihlanganisa ukuhlaziya amasampula ezindle ukuze kutholwe ukuba khona kwamagciwane e-pathogenic, ukuhlolwa kwe-serological ukukala ukusabela kwamasosha omzimba, kanye namasiko e-microbiological ukuhlonza uhlobo nohlobo lwamagciwane. Ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa ukulawulwa kwemithi ethile elwa namagciwane ukulwa namagciwane abangela ukutheleleka, kanye nezinyathelo ezisekelayo, ezifana nokushintshwa koketshezi kanye ne-electrolyte ukuvimbela ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.

6. Izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi ezibangelwa amagciwane: iphrofayili ye-epidemiological kanye nezinyathelo zokulawula

Emkhakheni we-epidemiology, izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi ezibangelwa amagciwane ziyakhathaza ngenxa yokwanda kwazo okukhulu kanye nekhono lokusabalala. Lezi zifo, ezihlanganisa i-gonorrhea, ugcunsula kanye ne-chlamydia, kumelela inselelo ezinhlelweni zezempilo zomphakathi emhlabeni jikelele. Kubalulekile ukuqonda iphrofayili ye-epidemiological yalezi zifo, kanye nokuthatha izinyathelo zokulawula ezisebenzayo ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwazo.

Iphrofayili ye-epidemiological yezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi ezibangelwa amagciwane ibonakala ngokusakazwa kwazo ikakhulukazi ngokuthintana nocansi okungavikelekile. Abantu abathanda ucansi, ikakhulukazi labo abanabalingani bocansi abaningi, basengozini enkulu yokuthola lezi zifo. Ukwengeza, ukuntuleka kwemfundo eyanele yezocansi kanye nokufinyelela okulinganiselwe kwezinsizakalo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kunomthelela ekusabalaleni kwalezi zifo.

Ukulawula ukusabalala kwezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi ngamabhaktheriya, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izindlela zokulawula ezisebenzayo. Lokhu kubandakanya ukugqugquzela imikhuba yocansi ephephile, njengokusetshenziswa ngendlela kwamakhondomu, abesilisa nabesifazane. Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukugqugquzela ukufundisa okuphelele ngezocansi ezikoleni nokuhlinzeka ngokufinyelela mahhala ekuhlolweni nasekulashweni kwalezi zifo. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi nokwelashwa kusenesikhathi kubalulekile ukuze kuvinjwe izinkinga futhi kunqandwe ukusakazeka kwalezi zifo. Izinhlelo zokubhekwa kwe-epidemiological kufanele futhi zisungulwe ukuze kuqashwe izehlakalo kanye nokusabalala kwalezi zifo, okuzovumela ukusabela okusheshayo nangempumelelo ekuqubukeni namacala amasha.

Kafushane, izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi ezibangelwa amagciwane zimelela inselele ye-epidemiological global. Kubalulekile ukuqonda iphrofayili yayo ye-epidemiological futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokulawula ezisebenzayo ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwayo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukugqugquzela imikhuba yocansi ephephile, ukuhlinzeka ngemfundo egcwele yocansi, ukufinyelela kwamahhala ekuhlolweni nasekulashweni, kanye nokusungula izinhlelo zokubhekwa kwezifo eziwumshayabhuqe. Kuphela ngenhlanganisela yemizamo yezempilo yomuntu ngamunye kanye neyomphakathi Kungenziwa ngokumelene nalezi zifo futhi ivikele impilo yabantu.

7. Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane esikhumba kanye nezicubu ezithambile: ukuxilongwa okuhlukile kanye namasu okwelapha

Emkhakheni we-dermatology, kubalulekile ukukwazi ukuxilonga ngokunembile futhi ngokuhlukile izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane esikhumba kanye nezicubu ezithambile. Lokhu kuhilela ukuhlonza ama-microorganisms ahlukene akhona kulezi zifo, kanye nokukhetha amasu okwelapha aphumelela kakhulu ukubhekana nesimo ngasinye. Okulandelayo, okuyinhloko izinyathelo okufanele zilandelwe ekuxilongweni nasekwelapheni kwalezi zimo:

1. Ukuhlolwa komtholampilo: Isinyathelo sokuqala siqukethe ukuhlolwa komtholampilo okwanele kwesiguli. Kubalulekile ukuhlola ngokucophelela izilonda zesikhumba nezicubu ezithintekile, kanye nokuqoqa ulwazi mayelana nezimpawu zomuntu kanye nomlando wezokwelapha. Ukwengeza, izici ezicatshangelwayo ezifana neminyaka, ubulili, isimo sokuzivikela komzimba, nanoma yiziphi izifo ezikhona kufanele zicatshangelwe.

2. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Microbiological: Ukuze kutholakale ukuxilongwa okunembile, isampula yendawo ethintekile kufanele itholakale ukuze kuhlaziywe nge-microbiological. Lokhu kubandakanya ukwenza isiko noma ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR ukuhlonza i-microorganism eyimbangela. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-antibiogram nakho kubalulekile ukuze kutholwe ukuzwela kanye nokumelana kwe-ejenti ethelelanayo kuma-antimicrobial ahlukene atholakalayo.

3. Ukwelashwa: Uma ukuhlonza okuhlukile sekwenziwe futhi imiphumela yokuhlaziywa kwe-microbiological isitholiwe, isu elifanele kakhulu lokwelapha kufanele likhethwe. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukusetshenziswa kwemithi elwa namagciwane ye-topical noma ye-systemic, kuye ngobunzima bokutheleleka kanye nokuzwela kwe-microorganism ebangela. Iphrofayili yendawo yokungazweli amagciwane kufanele inakwe lapho kukhethwa ama-antibiotics, futhi izinguquko zokwelashwa zingadingeka uma kungekho mpendulo yomtholampilo ebonwayo.

Kafushane, ukuxilongwa okuhlukile kanye namasu okwelapha izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane esikhumba kanye nezicubu ezithambile kudinga ukuhlolwa okuphelele komtholampilo, ukuhlaziywa okunembile kwe-microbiological, nokukhethwa okufanele kwemithi elwa namagciwane. Ukuhlonzwa okunembile kwe-causative microorganism kanye nokuzwela kwayo kuma-antibiotic atholakalayo kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe ukwelashwa nokugwema izinkinga. Ukwengeza, ukuqapha okuqhubekayo nokubuyekezwa kwemiphumela yokwelashwa kubalulekile ukulungisa ukwelashwa uma kunesidingo.

8. Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ohlelweni lwe-urinary: izici eziyingozi kanye nezindlela zokwelapha

Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ohlelweni lokuchama yizimo ezibangelwa amagciwane athinta isimiso somchamo, okuhlanganisa izinso, esinyeni, ne-urethra. Lawa mabhaktheriya angangena ohlelweni lomchamo ngombhobho noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, njengamathumbu. Izici eziyingozi zokuthuthukisa lezi zifo zihlanganisa ukuba khona kwesifo sangaphambilini, ukusetshenziswa kwe-catheter yomchamo, ukuvinjelwa komchamo, kanye nesimiso sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka.

Indlela yokwelapha izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ohlelweni lokuchama ngokuvamile ihilela ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic ukuze kuqedwe amagciwane abangela ukutheleleka. Uhlobo lwemithi elwa namagciwane kanye nesikhathi sokwelashwa kuzoncika ohlotsheni lwamagciwane ahilelekile kanye nobukhulu besifo. Kubalulekile ukuqeda yonke inkambo yokwelashwa ngama-antibiotic, ngisho noma izimpawu ziphela ngokushesha, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukutheleleka sekuqedwe ngokuphelele.

Ngaphezu kokwelashwa ngama-antibiotic, izinyathelo ezengeziwe zingathathwa ukuvimbela ukuphindeka kwalezi zifo. Kubalulekile ukugcina inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu, ikakhulukazi endaweni yangasese, ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwamagciwane. Ukuphuza amanzi anele kanye nokugwema ukubamba umchamo isikhathi eside nakho kungasiza ekuvimbeleni izifo zomgudu womchamo. Uma kwenzeka ukuphazamiseka komchamo, kungase kudingeke izinqubo zokuhlinzwa ukuze kulungiswe futhi kuvinjwe izifo ezizayo.

9. Ukutheleleka kwamehlo amagciwane: ukubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo kanye nokwelashwa okukhethekile

Izifo zamehlo amagciwane yizimo ezivamile ezithinta iso nezakhiwo zalo eziseduze ngenxa yokwanda kwamagciwane e-pathogenic. Lezi zifo zingazibonakalisa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zomtholampilo futhi zidinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukululama okusheshayo nokugwema izinkinga ezingase zibe khona.

Ukubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo yezifo zamehlo ezibangelwa amagciwane kungase kuhlanganise izimpawu ezinjengobomvu beso, ukuphuma kwe-purulent, ukuzwa komzimba wangaphandle emehlweni, ubuhlungu, ukulunywa, nokungaboni kahle. Lezi zimpawu zivame ukubonakala kakhulu ku-conjunctivitis yebhaktheriya, i-bacterial keratitis kanye ne-orbital cellulitis. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi isethulo somtholampilo singahluka kuye ngohlobo lwesifo samehlo kanye nobukhulu baso.

Ukwelashwa kwezifo zamehlo e-bacterial kufanele kwenziwe nguchwepheshe we-ophthalmology, ozonquma ukwelashwa okufanele ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lokutheleleka kanye nobukhulu bawo. Ukwelapha ngesihloko ngamaconsi wamehlo noma amafutha okugcoba amehlo aqukethe ama-antibiotics ngokuvamile asetshenziswa. ukuqeda amagciwane abangela ukutheleleka. Ukwengeza, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic esistimu kungase kudingeke. Kubalulekile ukulandela izinkomba kanye nesikhathi sokwelashwa esinqunywe uchwepheshe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphulukiswa okuphelele nokugwema ukuphindaphinda okungenzeka.

Kafushane, izifo zamehlo ezibangelwa amagciwane zingaveza ukubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo okuhlukahlukene futhi zidinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile. Ukusetshenziswa kwamaconsi iso noma amafutha ophthalmic anama-antibiotics Ukwelapha okuvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ukulwa nalezi zifo. Kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha olufanele futhi ulandele imiyalelo ye-ophthalmologist encwadini ukuze uzuze ukululama ngokushesha futhi ugweme izinkinga ezizayo.

10. Amagciwane abandakanyeka ezifweni ezithwalwa yizilwane: ukubuka konke komhlaba

Amagciwane adlala indima ebalulekile ekudluliselweni kwezifo ngama-vectors, njengoba kuyimbangela yeningi lalezi zifo. Emhlabeni wonke, kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zamagciwane ahileleke kulezi zinhlobo zezifo. Lawa mabhaktheriya angasakazwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-vectors, njengomiyane, imikhaza noma amazeze.

Elinye lamagciwane aziwa kakhulu ekudluliselweni kwezifo ngama-vectors Borrelia burgdorferi, okubangela isifo seLyme. Leli gciwane lisakazwa imikhaza futhi lingabangela izimpawu ezimbi kubantu uma lingelashwa kusenesikhathi. Enye i-bacterium efanelekile Rickettsia rickettsii, obangela i-Rocky Mountain spotted fever, esakazwa imikhaza. Lesi sifo singabulala uma singelashwa ngendlela efanele.

Amanye amagciwane abalulekile kulo mongo Yersinia pestis, okubangela isifo se-bubonic esisakazwa amazeze, kanye Anaplasma phagocytophilum, okubangela i-anaplasmosis ethwalwa umkhaza. Lawa ambalwa kwamagciwane amaningi athintekayo ezifweni ezithwalwa yizilwane emhlabeni wonke. Ukufunda nokuqonda lawa magciwane kubalulekile ekusungulweni kwamasu okuvimbela nokulawula lezi zifo.

11. Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ezihlobene namanzi angcolile nokudla

Kunezifo eziningi ezibangelwa amagciwane ezihlobene ngqo nazo ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi nokudla okungcolile. Lezi zifo zingadala izimpawu ezinzima futhi zibeke impilo yabantu engozini. Ngezansi ezinye zezifo eziyinhloko ezibangelwa amagciwane ezisakazwa ngamanzi nokudla:

• I-Salmonellosis: Isakazwa kakhulu ngokudla okungcoliswe amagciwane e-Salmonella. Izimpawu zihlanganisa isifo sohudo, ukushisa komzimba kanye nobuhlungu besisu. Kubalulekile ukupheka ukudla ngendlela efanele futhi ugweme ukungcoliswa kwesiphambano ukuvimbela i-salmonellosis.
• I-Botulism: Kuyisifo esingavamile kodwa esiyingozi esibangelwa amagciwane i-Clostridium botulinum. Leli gciwane lingatholakala ekudleni okusemathinini okungacutshungulwanga kahle. Izimpawu zihlanganisa ubuthakathaka bemisipha, ukungaboni kahle, nokuphefumula kanzima. Ukuvimbela i-botulism kuhilela ukuphathwa ngendlela efanele kokudla izimpahla ezisemathinini nokuqinisekisa ukongiwa kwazo ngendlela efanele.
• Intukuthelo: Kuyisifo esiyingozi sebhaktheriya esisakazwa nge- ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi noma ukudla okungcoliswe i-Vibrio cholerae. Izimpawu eziyinhloko wuhudo kanye nokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni. Ukuvimbela ikholera kuhilela ukufinyelela amanzi okuphuza ukuhlanzeka kanye nokudliwa kokudla okuphekwe ngendlela efanele futhi kusingathwe ngaphansi kwezimo zokuhlanzeka.

Ukuze uvimbele ukubonakala kwalokhu, kubalulekile ukulandela izinyathelo zokuphepha nenhlanzeko:

• Gcina inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu eyanele, ugeze izandla zakho njalo ngensipho namanzi ngaphambi kokubamba ukudla.
• Pheka ukudla emazingeni okushisa aphephile ukuze uqinisekise ukubhujiswa kwanoma yimaphi amagciwane akhona.
• Gwema ukudla ukudla okuluhlaza noma okungaphekiwe kahle, ikakhulukazi inyama, inhlanzi namaqanda.
• Sebenzisa amanzi okusela ukuphuza, ukulungisa ukudla, nokugeza izitsha zasekhishini.
• Gcina ukudla ngendlela efanele, ugweme ukungcolana phakathi kokudla okuluhlaza nokuphekiwe.

12. Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ezisafufusa nezivela kabusha: izinselele zezempilo nezomphakathi

Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ezisafufusa nezivela kabusha zimelela inselele enkulu emphakathini wezokwelapha kanye kwezempilo umphakathi. Lezi zifo yilezo ezisanda kuvela emphakathini noma eziphinde zavela ezindaweni ezithintekile phambilini. Ukwanda nokusabalala kwayo ngokushesha kungabeka impilo yabantu engozini futhi kudinga impendulo esebenzayo nedidiyelwe ochwepheshe bezempilo.

Ukuhlonzwa kanye nokuqapha izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ezisafufusa nezivela kabusha kubalulekile ukuze kulawulwe ukusabalala kwazo. Ochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo kufanele bakuqaphele ukuqubuka okusha nokuvela kabusha kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, futhi bathathe izinyathelo ezisheshayo zokuzilawula. Ukuqeqeshwa kanye nemfundo kungamathuluzi abalulekile ku le nqubo, njengoba bevumela odokotela nabanye ochwepheshe bezempilo ukuba bajwayelane nezimpawu nezici zalezi zifo, kanye nezimiso zakamuva zokuvimbela nokwelashwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukwenza ucwaningo lwesayensi ukuze uqonde kangcono i-epidemiology kanye nokuguquguquka kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ezisafufusa nezivela kabusha. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise izifundo zokungazweli kwama-antibiotic, ukudluliswa kwamagciwane, kanye nezici zobungozi ezihlobene. Imiphumela yalolu phenyo inikeza ulwazi olubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwamasu okuvimbela nokulawula asebenza ngempumelelo. Ngokufanayo, kubalulekile ukuqinisa ukubambisana nokusebenzisana ezingeni lomhlaba wonke, njengoba izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ezisafufusa nezivela kabusha azinamingcele futhi zidinga indlela ehlangene yokuphatha nokulawula kwazo.

13. Amasu okuvikela nokulawula izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane

Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane zimelela inselele enkulu empilweni yomphakathi. Ukuvimbela nokulawula ngempumelelo lezi zifo, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa amasu aqinile. Nazi izinyathelo ezibalulekile ongazithatha:

Ukugoma: Ukugoma kungenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuvimbela izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Kubalulekile ukugoma abantu okuhlosiwe, ikakhulukazi amaqembu asengozini enkulu, ukuze kuncishiswe ukusabalala kwamagciwane e-pathogenic. Iziqondiso zokugoma ezisungulwe iziphathimandla zezempilo kufanele zilandelwe.

Ukuhlanzeka komuntu siqu: Inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu ibalulekile ukuze kuvinjelwe ukusakazeka kwamagciwane. Ukugeza izandla zakho ngendlela efanele futhi njalo ngensipho namanzi, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokudla noma ukulungisa ukudla, ngemva kokusebenzisa indlu yokugezela, nalapho ufika ekhaya, kungasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yokutheleleka ngamagciwane. Kubalulekile futhi ukugwema ukuthinta ubuso bakho futhi uvale umlomo wakho lapho ukhwehlela noma uthimula.

Ukulawulwa kwemvelo: Ukulawulwa kwemvelo kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Ukugcina izindawo zomphakathi neziyimfihlo zihlanzekile, kanye nokubulala amagciwane ezindaweni ezithintwa njalo, kungasiza ukuqeda noma ukwehlisa ukuba khona kwamagciwane e-pathogenic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukungena komoya okwanele kanye nokwelashwa kwamanzi nokudla ukuvimbela ukwanda kwamabhaktheriya ayingozi.

14. Ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo kanye nentuthuko ekutadisheni izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane: imibono ethembisayo

Emkhakheni wocwaningo lwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, kutholwe izindawo eziningana ezithembisayo ezingase zilethe intuthuko enkulu ekuqondeni nasekwelashweni kwalezi zifo. Enye yalezi zindawo ucwaningo lwama-antimicrobial amasha akwazi ukulwa namagciwane amelana nemithi elwa namagciwane yamanje. Ucwaningo oluningi luye lwabonisa ukusebenza kahle kwezinhlanganisela ezithile ekulawuleni amagciwane amelana, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ukwelashwa okusha kuzothuthukiswa ngokuzayo ngokusekelwe kulokhu okutholakele.

Omunye umugqa othembisayo wocwaningo ukuhlola kwezindlela zokwelapha ezisekelwe ekugomeni kwebutho. Kutholakale ukuthi amasosha omzimba womuntu anamandla okubona nokuqeda amagciwane e-pathogenic, futhi ucwaningo luyaqhubeka lokuthuthukisa izindlela zokwelapha ezithuthukisa lokhu kusabela komzimba. Lokhu kungase kubaluleke kakhulu ekwelapheni izifo eziphindelelayo noma ezingapheli ezibangelwa amagciwane, lapho ama-antibiotic endabuko engase angasebenzi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthuka kokulandelana kwe-genomic kanye nobuchwepheshe be-bioinformatics kuye kwavumela ukuqonda okwengeziwe kofuzo kanye nokuvela kwebhaktheriya ye-pathogenic. Lolu lwazi lunikeze imininingwane emisha yokuthi lusakazeka kanjani futhi lukwazi ukumelana nama-antimicrobial. Le ntuthuko iphinde yavula umnyango wokuthi kube nokwenzeka ukuba kusungulwe izindlela ezintsha, ezinembayo nezisheshayo zokuxilonga kanye nezifo eziwumshayabhuqe, ezingasiza ekutholakaleni kusenesikhathi kanye nokulawulwa kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.

Kafushane, ukuqonda izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa impilo yomphakathi kanye nenhlalakahle womphakathi. Ngalesi sihloko, sihlole izifo ezingamashumi amabili zamagciwane ezibeka usongo olukhulu empilweni yabantu. Kusukela ezifweni ezivamile ezifana nenyumoniya nesifo sofuba kuya ezifweni ezibulalayo kakhulu njenge-bacterial meningitis kanye ne-septicemia, lezi zifo zibeka izinselele ezinkulu mayelana nokuxilongwa, ukwelashwa nokuvimbela.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi amagciwane angatholakala ezindaweni ezehlukene zemvelo yethu, kusukela ekudleni nasemanzini angcolile kuya ezintweni zansuku zonke nezindawo. Ukwengeza, izici ezinjengokumelana nama-antibiotic kanye nokuntula ukuqwashisa umphakathi ngemikhuba efanele yenhlanzeko kunomthelela ekusabalaleni nasekuqhubekeni kwalezi zifo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukukhuthaza izindlela zokuvimbela, njengokuhlanzeka komuntu siqu, ukupheka ngendlela efanele ukudla nokugoma, ukuze kwehliswe izehlakalo nomthelela walezi zifo.

Ukubhekana nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane futhi kudinga indlela yokusebenzisana nemikhakha eminingi, ehlanganisa odokotela, abacwaningi, ochwepheshe bezempilo yomphakathi kanye nomphakathi wonkana. Ngokuqhubeka kocwaningo lwesayensi kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuxilonga obuthuthukisiwe, singathuthukisa izindlela zokwelapha ezingcono kanye namasu okuvimbela.

Sengiphetha, izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane zimelela izimo ezihlukahlukene neziyinselele ezithinta izigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele. Ngokugxila emfundweni nasekusebenziseni izinyathelo zokuvimbela, singakwazi ukubhekana nalezi zifo futhi sithuthukise impilo nokuphila kahle komphakathi wonkana.