- Ukuvalwa kwe-Clear Linux kudinga ukuthuthela kumasistimu anosekelo, izibuyekezo, nokuvikeleka okusebenzayo.
- I-Fedora, i-CachyOS, Ubuntu, i-Alpine ne-openSUSE Tumbleweed yizindlela ezinconyiwe kakhulu ngokwephrofayili.
- Kunezinketho zawo wonke amazinga: kusukela kwabaqalayo (Ubuntu, Mint) kuya kochwepheshe (Arch, Gentoo) noma abasebenzisi abafuna ubumfihlo obukhulu.
La retirada de Clear Linux, ukusatshalaliswa okudumile okugcinwa iminyaka yi-Intel futhi kwaduma ngokukhulisa ihadiwe yomkhiqizo, kushiye abathanda isofthiwe abaningi nochwepheshe esimweni esingalindelekile. Ngemuva kweminyaka engaphezu kweshumi yentuthuko, i-Intel inqume ukuvala iphrojekthi futhi iyeke ukuhlinzeka ngezibuyekezo, ama-patches, nokusekelwa, yeluleka ngokukhululekile labo abasayisebenzisa ukuthi babheke okunye ukusatshalaliswa okusebenzayo. Uma kubhekwa lesi simo, kubalulekile ukuhlola ezinye izindlela ezingcono kakhulu ezikuvumela ukuthi uqhubeke nokujabulela ukusebenza okulungiselelwe, ukuzinza, nokusekelwa okuqhubekayo ngaphakathi kwe-ecosystem ye-Linux.
Uma usebenzise i-Clear Linux kuyo ukusebenza okukhethekile, yakhe gxila ekuphepheni y su carácter rolling release, ngokuqinisekile uzoba nentshisekelo yokuthola izinketho ezihlukene ezitholakalayo, ezilungiselwe abasaqalayo kanye nabasebenzisi abathuthuke kakhulu nabafuna ngamandla. Ngezansi, sinikeza ukuhlaziya okuphelele kokusatshalaliswa okuhola inkambu njengamanje njengokushintshwa okungcono kakhulu nezinye izindlela zokuncibilika ngokulinganayo, kucatshangelwa izidingo, izintandokazi, namaphrofayili abasebenzisi be-Linux. Asihambe ne ezinye izindlela ezingcono kakhulu ngemuva kokuvalwa kwe-Sula i-Linux.
Kungani i-Intel iyekile ukusekela i-clear Linux?
Isinqumo sika-Intel sokuthi shiya i-Sula i-Linux Lokhu kube ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yezizathu zezomnotho. Naphezu kokuba ukusatshalaliswa okwathi, iminyaka, kwanikeza izinzuzo mayelana nokusebenza ngaphandle kwebhokisi kwe-Intel CPUs ngokusebenzisa ukulungiselelwa okunolaka okufana ne-PGO, LTO, nokusekelwa kwe-AVX/AVX2/AVX-512, isisekelo sabasebenzisi asikaze sifinyelele esikalini esikhulu. Isimo sezimali sakamuva sale nkampani, sihambisana nemizamo yayo ehlulekile kwezinye izindawo njengama-GPU azinikele, kusheshise ukuphela kohambo lwayo. Eqinisweni, ukuxhumana okusemthethweni kwe-Intel kube kufushane: ngeke kusaba khona izibuyekezo, inqolobane ye-GitHub ibekwe kumodi yokufunda kuphela, futhi kuyanconywa ukuthi ubheke ezinye izindlela ezisimeme.
Ukunyamalala kwe-Sula i-Linux kuthuse abaningi futhi kwashiya igebe elikhulu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho ukusebenza nokuvikeleka bekuyizinto eziza kuqala. Abasebenzisi abaningi manje bafuna izinketho ezigcina leyo bhalansi phakathi ukusebenza kahle, ukwesekwa okubuyekeziwe nokuhambisana ngehadiwe yesimanje, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuguquguquka nenkululeko ephawula i-Linux.
Ukusabalalisa okugqama njengabalandeli abaqondile be-Sula i-Linux
Uma ufuna enye indlela ethatha inqwaba yokuthuthukisa kanye nezici zobuchwepheshe ezenze i-Clear Linux ikhethekile, ukusabalalisa okulandelayo yizo eziyinhloko:
- I-Fedora: Ngokusebenzisana njalo ne-Intel futhi isekelwa yi-Red Hat, i-Fedora cishe ingukubheja okungcono kakhulu kwalabo abafuna ukwesekwa kwehadiwe yesimanje kanye nokubheja. i-kernel ebuyekeziwe ene-AVX2, imiyalelo ye-AVX-512, kanye nokuhlanganiswa okuthuthukisiwe (i-PGO, LTO). Ifaka izindawo zedeskithophu ephucuziwe kanye nomphakathi osebenza kakhulu. Ilungele onjiniyela nabasebenzisi abazisa ukuqamba okusha nokufinyelela kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kuzici ezintsha. Funda mayelana ne-Linux distros engcono kakhulu uma uvela ku-Microsoft
- I-CachyOS: Lokhu kusatshalaliswa okusekelwe ku-Arch kuklanyelwe labo abafuna okokugcina kwezemidlalo nokusebenza okumsulwa. Ngenxa yokuthuthukisa ngokusekelwa kwe-x86_64-v3, AVX2, LTO, ne-PGO, i-CachyOS ifana eduze nefilosofi ecacile ye-Linux yokusebenza kahle kwekhompyutha kanye nokuba bukhali kwemisebenzi ejulile.
- Alpine Linux: I-Ultra-minimalist, engasindi, futhi ivikeleke ngokwedlulele, i-Alpine igqama ngokusebenzisa kwayo i-musl libc kanye nesistimu yesisekelo encishiswe kakhulu. Ifaneleka ngokukhethekile ukusetha iziqukathi ze-Docker noma ukusebenza kumaseva lapho ukusetshenziswa kwensiza kufanele kube kuncane.
Ukusabalalisa okunconyiwe kwabaqalayo
Uma ungenalo ulwazi oluningi nge-Linux okwamanje, kukhona ezinye izindlela ezingabizi kakhulu okulula ukuzifaka futhi ezinezindawo ezisebenziseka kalula:
- I-Debian: Ingenye yokusabalalisa okudala kakhulu nezime kakhulu. Inezindawo zokugcina ezinkulu, umphathi wayo wephakheji, nomphakathi omkhulu ngemuva kwayo. Kuyisisekelo samanye ama-distros amaningi, afana no-Ubuntu. Futhi, uma ufuna izixazululo zokuphatha amafayela efwini, ungabheka lesi sihloko mayelana nezinye izindlela ezingcono kakhulu ngemuva kokuvalwa kwe-Sula i-Linux.
- Ubuntu: Mhlawumbe ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabasanda kufika. Ukufakwa kalula, isitolo sohlelo lokusebenza esakhelwe ngaphakathi, idizayini efana ne-Windows, kanye nenqwaba yolwazi ezingosini nasezifundweni.
- I-Linux Mint: Ngokusekelwe ku-Ubuntu, ilula nakakhulu futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Iza ilungele ukuhamba ne-interface enembile kakhulu, elungele labo abafuna isivinini nokulula.
- Solus: Isistimu ezimele enendawo ye-Budgie, eyakhiwe kusukela phansi ukuze inikeze umuzwa ophucuziwe. Kulula ukuyisebenzisa kubo bobabili abaqalayo nabasebenzisi abathuthukile.
- MX Linux: Ivelele ngokunikeza ideskithophu enhle ene-XFCE, ukusebenza okuhle, nokucushwa okulula. Umphakathi wakho ubambisene ngokukhethekile futhi unikeza imihlahlandlela nezifundiso zazo zonke izethameli.
- Mageia: I-distro eyavela njengemfoloko ye-Mandriva Linux, izinzile futhi ivikelekile, enezindawo ezihlukene ongakhetha kuzo nokufaka kalula.
- Deepin: Iqashelwa ngokubonakalayo okukhangayo, amamenyu anembile, nokuzinza okuhle. Ithola izibuyekezo njalo, nakuba iwebhusayithi yayo esemthethweni ingesiShayina.
- I-Fedora: Ngemvelo ye-GNOME ezenzakalelayo, iphinde isekele abanye njenge-XFCE. Ibuyekeza ngokushesha okukhulu futhi imvamisa iyingqalabutho ekutholeni ubuchwepheshe obusha.
- Iphrojekthi yeNobara: Ngokusekelwe ku-Fedora, ihlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kokuhambisana futhi ihloselwe ukudlala kanye nokudalwa kokuqukethwe.
- Nitrux: Igqama ngokubonakala kwayo okupholishiwe kanye nokuguquguquka kokukhetha phakathi kwamadeskithophu e-KDE noma e-QT. Kunconywe kakhulu uma ufuna okuthile okukhangayo nokusheshayo.
- I-Pop!_OS: Ithathwe ku-Ubuntu futhi yathuthukiswa yi-System76, ilungele labo abavela ku-Windows noma i-macOS sibonga isikhombimsebenzisi esisebenziseka kalula nokusekelwa kwesoftware edumile.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwabasebenzisi abathuthukile nonjiniyela
Uma ujwayelene ne-Linux futhi ufuna ukwenza ngokwezifiso, amandla Noma uma udinga inkundla yentuthuko ethile noma amaseva, lokhu kusatshalaliswa kwenzelwe wena:
- OpenSUSE (Tumbleweed): Ukukhishwa okuqengqelekayo, kulungele onjiniyela noma abalawuli, izibuyekezo eziqhubekayo futhi kunamandla kunoma iyiphi indawo.
- Sula i-Linux: Yize iyekisiwe, isengasetshenziswa yilabo abafuna ukuzama ukuphatha iphakheji yayo eyingqayizivele kanye nokwenza kahle kwe-Intel hardware.
- Gentoo: Ilungiseka kakhulu futhi yenziwe ngendlela oyifisayo, idinga ulwazi oluthuthukisiwe, kodwa ikuvumela ukuthi uhlanganise isofthiwe ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu lokuthuthukisa.
- CentOS: Indlalifa ye-RHEL, izinze kakhulu kumaseva futhi inconyelwe labo abafuna ukuqina nempilo ende.
- Sabayon: Ngokusekelwe ku-Gentoo, kulula ukuyifaka futhi isekela izindawo eziningi zedeskithophu.
- I-Arch Linux: Ukukhishwa okuncane, okuguquguqukayo, nokugoqayo. Idumile kochwepheshe abafuna ukwakha indawo yabo yangokwezifiso.
- I-EndeavourOS: Ngokusekelwe ku-Arch, kodwa ngesifaki esibonakalayo esisebenziseka kalula kanye nendawo elungiselelwe kusengaphambili.
- Slackware: Enye yezindala, ezinzile futhi evumelana nezimo kukho kokubili ideskithophu namaseva.
Ezinye izindlela ezilingisa iWindows noma i-macOS
Ukushintshela ku-Linux akusho ukuyeka ukwazi ezinye izinhlelo. Okunye okunikezwayo kokusabalalisa ngokubukeka izindawo ezifanayo kakhulu kulabo beWindows noma be-macOS, okwenza kube lula ukuzivumelanisa nezimo:
- Elementary OS: Igqugquzelwe yi-macOS, igcina idizayini ethambile, engasindi ngaphandle kokudela ukusebenza.
- Zorin OS: Ngokusekelwe ku-Ubuntu, iqondiswe kulabo abavela ku-Windows, ngokufaka kalula kanye nedeskithophu efana ne-Microsoft. Ifaneleka kakhulu kubasebenzisi abadala noma abancane kwezobuchwepheshe.
- Manjaro: Iyafinyeleleka, kulula ukuyifaka, iyashesha, futhi inokufinyelela ku-Arch User Repositories. Ilungele abasebenzisi abangenalwazi kanye nezindawo ezinezinsiza eziphansi.
Ukusabalalisa okukhethekile kwemfihlo nokuvikeleka
Uma ukhathazekile ngobumfihlo noma udinga ukuphequlula ngokungaziwa nangokuvikelekile, kukhona ama-distros aklanyelwe ukunikeza ukulawula okuphezulu kudatha yakho:
- Tails: Isebenziseka ngemodi ebukhoma, iphoqa yonke ithrafikhi ukuthi idluliselwe ku-Tor futhi iza nokungaziwa namathuluzi wokubethela njengokujwayelekile.
- Qubes OS: Ngokusekelwe ku-Fedora futhi igxile ekuhlukaniseni uhlelo lokusebenza kusetshenziswa imishini ebonakalayo, elungele ukuvikela uhlelo ezinsongweni.
- Whonix: Yakhelwe ku-Debian ne-KDE, ihlukanisa isango lenethiwekhi nohlelo lomsebenzisi, isebenzisa i-Tor futhi ivikela ekuvuzeni kwe-IP yangempela ne-DNS.
- I-Linux Ehlakaniphile: Ngokusekelwe ku-Debian, igxile ekuzihlukaniseni nasekuvikelweni kuhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha neTrojans, futhi isebenzisa isistimu ngemodi ebukhoma ngesitoreji esibethelwe.
- TENS: Ithuthukiswe yi-US Air Force, isebenza ngemodi ebukhoma futhi iqondiswe ekuphequluleni okuvikeleke kakhulu.
Ukusabalalisa okungcono kakhulu kwe-lightweight kanye ne-minimalist
Ngosizo oluphansi, amakhompyutha amadala, noma uma ufuna uhlelo olushesha kakhulu, lokhu kusabalalisa kunikeza izisekelo ngenkathi kudla okuncane kakhulu:
- Ingqikithi Encane: I-minimalist ngokwedlulele (21 MB kuphela), iqala ngokushesha futhi ifaka kuphela okubalulekile.
- Lubuntu: Ngokusekelwe ku-Ubuntu, ilula futhi iyahambisana nezindawo eziningi zesimanje.
- Xubuntu: Ngokusekelwe ku-Ubuntu, ideskithophu ye-XFCE, ilungele ukusetshenziswa nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziyisisekelo.
- LXLE: Ngokusekelwe ku-Lubuntu, imvelo ye-LXDE nezinhlelo zokusebenza eziwusizo ezifakwe kuqala.
- Iphoyinti le-Linux: Ngokusekelwe ku-Debian naku-MATE, kulula ngisho nakubaqalayo, kufaka phakathi izinguqulo ezigcwele neziyisisekelo.
- I-SparkyLinux: Iyashesha futhi ingasindi, ngokusekelwe egatsheni lokuhlola le-Debian, elilungisekayo futhi elinabaphathi bamawindi abambalwa.
- Porteus: Iqala ku-Live CD, ithatha kuphela u-300 MB futhi ihambisana nezakhiwo ezingamabhithi angu-32 nezingu-64-bit.
- Rocky Linux: Ilungele amaseva e-VPS, ahambisana ne-RHEL, ukufuduka okuzenzakalelayo nokusekelwa okunwetshiwe.
Ezinye izinketho zezinto ezindala kakhulu noma ezinomkhawulo wezinsiza
Uma ikhompuyutha yakho ingasekeli i-distros "enamandla", cabanga ngalezi ezinye izindlela:
- Trisquel: I-Galician distro, 100% mahhala, ibuyekeziwe, futhi yakhelwe imfundo namabhizinisi amancane.
- Parabola: Ngokusekelwe ku-Arch, minimalist kanye nokusebenzisa isofthiwe yamahhala kuphela, ilungele abasebenzisi abazinikele kufilosofi ye-GNU.
- I-Q4OS: Ngokusekelwe ku-Debian, i-Windows XP-like interface, izidingo eziphansi kakhulu.
- I-SliTaz: Inketho ye-ISO ebukhoma, engu-100 MB ngosayizi futhi yakhelwe ukusebenza nokuphepha kunoma iyiphi ikhompuyutha.
- Linux Lite: Ngokusekelwe ku-Ubuntu LTS, i-XFCE njengedeskithophu, elula futhi engasindi, ilungele abaqalayo.
- Bodhi Linux: Ngokusekelwe ku-Ubuntu, kuhlanganisa ideskithophu ye-Moksha kanye nokufinyelela okubanzi kwenqolobane.
- Puppy Linux: Ilula kakhulu (130-300 MB), iyashesha, ilungele ukusetshenziswa bukhoma ngisho nakuma-PC amadala kakhulu.
- I-Peppermint OS: Isekelwe ku-Debian, igxile kuwebhu nezinhlelo zokusebenza zamafu, enembile kanye namakhompyutha anesizotha.
- Ubuntu Budgie: Ubuntu obunambitheka obusebenzisa amandla aphansi kanye nokubukeka kwesimanje, okwenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo.
- I-Absolute Linux: Ngokusekelwe ku-Slackware, engasindi kakhulu, iza nezinhlelo ezithile ezibalulekile futhi idinga ulwazi oluthile lokufaka.
- Antix: Idinga kuphela i-RAM engu-128MB, ilungele amakhompyutha amadala kakhulu, amathuluzi amaningi akhelwe ngaphakathi.
- Slax: 210 MB kuphela, izinguqulo ezimbili (32/64 bits), Modular futhi kulula kakhulu ukwenza ngendlela oyifisayo.
- I-Dawn Small Linux: Kudingeka i-50 MB kuphela kanye ne-16 MB ye-RAM, egxile emishinini ecishe iphelelwe yisikhathi.
Ukusabalalisa okulahliwe okufanele kucatshangelwe
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ezinye izindlela ezithandwayo eminyakeni embalwa edlule seziphelelwe yisikhathi futhi Abakutholi ukwesekwa noma izibuyekezoI-PearOS ne-Antergos zigqama phakathi kwazo. Kuyafaneleka ukugwema ukufaka i-distros enqanyuliwe, njengoba ikhulisa ubungozi bokuphepha futhi ingase ingahambisani nobuchwepheshe bamanje.
I-ecosystem ye-Linux iyaqhubeka nokubonisa amandla nokuhlukahluka kwayo, ivumela abasebenzisi abasaqalayo nabanolwazi ukuthola amasistimu afanele izidingo zabo. Ukushabalala kwamaphrojekthi afana ne-clear Linux kuye kwaholela ekuveleni kwezinketho ezintsha ezigcina lowo moya wokusebenza nokuzinza, kuyilapho kufunwa umphakathi osebenzayo nokusekelwa kwesikhathi eside. Lapho ukhetha ukusatshalaliswa kwakho okulandelayo, kufanele ucabangele umphakathi, ukusebenziseka kalula, ukuhambisana, kanye nezinketho zokuthuthukisa, uqinisekise ulwazi oluphephile noluthembekile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Uzifela ngobuchwepheshe kusukela esemncane. Ngiyakuthanda ukwaziswa kwamuva kulo mkhakha futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukuxhumana nawo. Yingakho ngizinikele ekuxhumaneni kumawebhusayithi emidlalo yevidiyo iminyaka eminingi. Ungangithola ngibhala nge-Android, iWindows, iMacOS, i-iOS, iNintendo nanoma yisiphi esinye isihloko esihlobene esifika emqondweni.