I-3I/ATLAS: Umhlahlandlela ophelele wenkanyezi enomsila yesithathu njengoba idlula kuSolar System

Njengoba isondela ku-perihelion, 3I/ATLAS Sekuyingqikithi yesayensi yezinkanyezi ngoba iwukuphela kwento yesithathu eqinisekisiwe ye-interstellar ukudlula endaweni yelanga. I-geometry yayo yokubuka evela eMhlabeni eduze nosuku oluyisihluthulelo akuyona into engcono kakhulu, kodwa Ukuqapha okudidiyelwe okuvela eYurophu nakwezinye izindawo kuvumela ukuziphatha kwayo ukuthi kulandelelwe. ngemininingwane emangalisayo.

Kude nezihloko zezindaba ezihlaba umxhwele, idatha etholakalayo ikhomba ku-a inkanyezi enomsila ebukeka evamile enezici eziyingqayizivele, amapharamitha we-hyperbolic trajectory kanye ne-orbital ayikhangisa ngokuthi isivakashi esivela ngaphandle kweSistimu IlangaUmphakathi wesayensi usebenzisa ithuba lokufunda amakhemikhali awo namandla, kuyilapho imibono engavamile ivivinywa ubufakazi.

Iyini i-3I/ATLAS futhi kungani ibalulekile?

Kutholwe ngoJulayi 2, 2025 yinethiwekhi ye-ATLAS, yayo i-eccentricity enkulu kuno-6 kanye nesivinini sayo esingu-~58 km/s Mayelana neLanga, baqinisekisa umsuka walo phakathi kwezinkanyezi. Ifaka ukhefana nomsila wothuli ojwayelekilefuthi emasontweni asanda kwedlula ubonise "i-anti-tail" (noma umsila obonakalayo obheke elangeni) ongachazwa ngemiphumela yokubuka kanye nokuguquguquka kwezinhlayiyana, a into eyaziwa kuma-comets of the Solar System.

Ngokungeziwe kuntshisekelo yayo ye-orbital, i-3I/ATLAS inikeza iwindi eliyingqayizivele lezinto zakuqala ezakhiwe ngaphandle kwendawo yethu. Ukuzifunda kwakungakwenza kuveza uma amabhlogo wokwakha wezinhlelo zamaplanethi ingabe zifana kuwo wonke umthala noma ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi imvelaphi yezinkanyezi ikuphi?

Izinsuku ezibalulekile namabanga okudlula ku-Solar System

I-Perihelion yenzeka ngo-Okthoba 29, cishe ngo-11:47 UT, ngo 1,36 AU (203 million km) ukusuka eLangeniNgalolo suku, ukuphakama kwelanga akulungile kakhulu futhi into iphikisana noMhlaba, ukuze Ukubuka okuqondile okuvela emhlabeni wethu kuyinkimbinkimbi.

Ngomhla zi-3 Novemba, i-3I/ATLAS izothuthela cishe 97 million km ukusuka eVenusNgalo lelo sonto, i-geometry yayo izovuna umkhankaso we-JUICE wase-Europe, osendleleni eya e-Jupiter, ukuyocula. ukubonwa okukude ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga phakathi.

Indlela yayo eseduze kakhulu noMhlaba ihlelelwe uDisemba 19, ebangeni elicishe libe ngu- 267 million km (i-gravitational trajectory kuphela). Nakuba kungeke kube into ekhanyayo ebonakala ngeso lenyama, izovama ukubonakala kumabonakude amakhulu ayimfundamakhwela ngama-gnitude azungeze +11 njengoba liphinde livele esibhakabhakeni sasekuseni.

Kakade ngo-2026, ngoMashi 16, i-3I/ATLAS izosondela 54 million km ukusuka kuJupiterKuleyo ndawo, i-Juno probe ingazama ukuthwebula izithombe noma ukuhlola umsakazo ukuze ifune izinto ezikhishwayo, njalo ingaphakathi kwamakhono emishini kanye nezinto ezibalulekile zesayensi ezimisiwe.

Ubani obukayo: indima yaseYurophu kanye nezindawo zokubuka izinto ezinkulu

IYurophu idlala indima ebalulekile. Isibonakude esikhulu kakhulu (VLT) eChileIsibonakude, esisetshenziswa yi-ESO, besilokhu siqapha ukuvela kwenkanyezi enomsila ngezinsimbi ezifana ne-X-shooter ne-UVES, ithwebula amakhemikhali ayo “avukayo” njengoba isondela eLangeni. Izibonakude eziQhingini zaseCanary nazo zifaka isandla, zibhala phansi ukushintsha kwe-morphology yomsila.

Emkhathini, i-LASCO coronagraph igibele I-SOHO (imishini ehlangene ye-ESA/NASA) Iqophe inkanyezi enomsila eduze ne-perihelion naphezu kokukhanya kwayo okufiphele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithombe ze-CCOR-1 ezivela kwisathelayithi ye-GOES-19 zibonise umkhondo wayo obuthakathaka ngenkathi isehlangothini elikude leLanga, isibonelo sokuthi Izinsimbi ze-Heliospheric zingasekela ukuzingela inkanyezi enomsila ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima zokubhekwa.

Ikhemistri ehlukile: umhwamuko we-nickel kanye nekhoma ecebile nge-CO2

Omunye wemiphumela egqama kakhulu yi- ukutholwa komphunga we-nickel ku-coma ye-3I/ATLAS ebangeni elikhulu le-heliocentric (≈3,9 AU), ngaphandle kwamasignali ensimbi ahambisanayo ngaphezu kwemikhawulo yezinsimbi. Le phethini engavamile iphakamisa ukuthi i-nickel ingakhishwa kuma-compounds Ziphuka emazingeni okushisa aphansi ngaphansi kwemisebe yelanga, esikhundleni sokuvela ku-sublimation eqondile yensimbi.

Njengoba isondela, nayo yatholwa ukukhishwa kwe-cyanogen (CN).okujwayelekile kwezinkanyezi ezinomsila, nokubonwa nge-James Webb Space Telescope kukhomba ku- i-coma inothe ku-CO2 maqondana namanzi, ngaphezu kwe-particle yamanzi eqhwa kanye ne-carbon monoxide. Konke lokhu kupenda isithombe samakhemikhali esiyinkimbinkimbi esiza ukuqhathanisa i-3I/ATLAS ne 2I/Borisov kanye nezinkanyezi ezinomsila welanga wafunda kahle.

Amathuba okulinganisa umsila we-ion emikhunjini esendleleni

Ucwaningo lwakamuva luphakamisa ukusebenzisa umkhondo we I-Hera (ESA) futhi kusukela e-Europa Clipper ukuzama ukuthola ama-ion emsileni we-3I/ATLAS phakathi namafasitela akhethekilePhakathi kuka-Okthoba 25 noNovemba 1 weHera, futhi kusukela ngo-Okthoba 30 kuya kuNovemba 6 we-Europa Clipper. Ngisho nangemva kokudlula ku izigidi zamakhilomitha ukusuka eksisi emaphakathi Kusukela emsileni, ukuhlakazeka kwezinhlayiya ezivela kuma-comet asebenzayo kungavumela izilinganiso eziwusizo.

Kukhona ukulinganiselwa: I-Hera ayiphathi amathuluzi aklanyelwe ukuthwebula ama-ion noma ukwakheka kazibuthe "okudonswe" okujwayelekile kwekhoma, kanti I-Europa Clipper inayo i-magnetometer kanye nephakethe le-plasma elifanele umzamo ongosomathubaNokho, ukuhlanganisa kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kuncike egunjini elilinganiselwe lokuqondisa elitholakalayo.

Ama-hypotheses angavamile kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-asidi ye-perihelion

Njengoba kwenzeka nge 1I/'OumuamuaAkukho ukushoda kwezincazelo ezingavamile. Kuphakanyiswe ukuthi i-3I/ATLAS ingaba yinto yokwenziwa noma "ihhashi iTrojan"noma uma i-anti-tail ingaba a "ukubhuleka" ngamabomuOkwamanje, izilinganiso ze-photometric, spectroscopic, ne-morphological zilingana kangcono ne-a Inkanyezi enomsila yemvelo exosha uthuli negesi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokukhanya nezimo zokubuka.

I-perihelion isebenza njenge isivivinyo esiwujuquUma i-nucleus ishwabene, ukufudumeza kungase kuyihlukanise futhi kubhebhethekise ukukoma kwayo; uma kungenjalo, Sizobona umsebenzi oqhubekayo ngokwezinto esizilindele.Izimpawu zobuchwepheshe ezifana nokuqondiswa okungewona amandla adonsela phansi, amalambu okwenziwa, noma ukushisa kwenjini okweqile akukaze kubikwe ngobufakazi obuqinileKusayensi, incazelo elula ngokuvamile ilungile kuze kube yilapho ifakazelwa ngenye indlela idatha.

Ngaleli sethi lemikhankaso evela eYurophu nasemhlabeni wonke, kanye nezigigaba ezicacile—iVenus ngoNovemba 3, ukusondela eMhlabeni ngoDisemba 19 kanye nokusondela ku-Jupiter ngoMashi 16, 2026—, i-3I/ATLAS inikeza ithuba eliyingqayizivele lokuhlola amamodeli wenkanyezi enomsila, ukuthuthukisa amasu okubuka i-heliospheric kanye qhathanisa i-chemistry yayo naleyo Yesistimu yethu Yelanga ngaphandle kokuthatha kalula noma yini engasekelwe idatha.

Isihloko esihlobene:

Ingabe i-3I/ATLAS iyinkanyezi enomsila noma i-extraterrestrial probe engaba khona? Zonke izihluthulelo zesayensi yokuhlukanisa isivakashi se-cosmic.

U-Alberto Navarro

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