I-Google imake ngaphambi nangemuva emkhakheni we-quantum computing ngesethulo se Umhlanga, i-chip yayo ye-quantum entsha ethembisa ukwenza izinguquko kulobu buchwepheshe. Njengoba amasentimitha ambalwa nje ngosayizi, le processor ikwazi ukwenza izibalo ngemizuzu emihlanu nje engathatha amakhompyutha amakhulu athuthuke kakhulu isikhathi eside kuneminyaka elinganiselwe yendawo yonke. Konke lokhu, sibonga inhlanganisela amandla ekhompyutha angakaze abonwe kanye nentuthuko enkulu ku ukulungiswa kwephutha le-quantum.
Lokhu kuthuthukiswa akubonisi nje ukuzibophezela kwe-Google ku-quantum computing, kodwa futhi kugqamisa indlela lobu buchwepheshe busondela ngayo izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingokoqobo ezingaxazulula izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi emikhakheni efana nemithi, ikhemistri kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa.
Ukweqa kwe-quantum ekulungiseni iphutha
Esinye sezithiyo eziyinhloko zekhompuyutha ye-quantum kuze kube manje kube ukuthambekela okuphezulu kwama-qubits (amayunithi ayisisekelo edatha kumasistimu we-quantum) kumaphutha ngenxa yezinto ezinjengomsindo, ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa noma imisebe. Lokhu kwehluleka, okunqwabelanayo, kuyinkimbinkimbi amasistimu scalabilityNokho, UWillow ukwazile ukunqoba lo mkhawulo kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bokulungisa amaphutha okwehlisa izilinganiso zokwehluleka kakhulu ngokwandisa inani lama-qubits asetshenziswayo.
Lokhu kuthuthukiswa, okwaziwa emkhakheni njengokuthi "ukuhlala ngaphansi komngcele," kuvumela amasistimu we-quantum ukuthi asebenze kahle futhi anembile, axazulule izinkinga ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa izakhiwo ze-quantum ezizihlukanisa namakhompyutha asendulo. Ngokusho kukaHartmut Neven, inhloko ye-Google Quantum AI, "kungokokuqala ukuthi uhlelo lube nenani elikhulu njengoba lukhula ngosayizi, kunokuba lube lwakudala."
Impumelelo imangalisa nakakhulu uma ucabangela ukuthi ukulungiswa kwephutha kwesikhathi sangempela kwenziwe nge-3x3, 5x5 kanye ne-7x7 qubit arrays, okulawula ukunweba impilo ewusizo yama-qubits anengqondo ngaphezu kwemikhawulo yamanje.
Ukuphakama kwe-Quantum ngaphezu kwemikhawulo eyaziwayo
Ukuze kulinganiswe ukusebenza kahle kwe-Willow, i-Google isebenzise ukuhlolwa kwe-Random Circuit Sampling (RCS), okubhekwa njenge indinganiso eyinselele kakhulu ku-quantum computing. Lokhu kuhlola kuhlose ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhompuyutha ye-quantum ingenza okuthile okungeke kwenzeke kukhompyutha yakudala. Futhi uWillow uphumelele isivivinyo ngemibala endizayo: yenza izibalo ngemizuzu engaphansi kwemihlanu engathatha i-supercomputer efana ne-Frontier 10 septillion iminyaka.
"Le miphumela iyajabulisa ngoba ikhombisa ukuthi sibhekela kumakhompyutha e-quantum asebenzayo futhi awusizo," kusho uMichael Newman, umcwaningi wakwaGoogle. Lokhu kusebenza kubeka uWillow phambili kwabangaphambi kwayo, njengeSycamore, i-quantum chip yakwaGoogle eyethulwe ngo-2019.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza zenguquko emkhathizwe
Amandla kaWillow adlulela ngalé kokuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri. Ngokusho kweGoogle, le chip iyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekudaleni amakhompyutha e-quantum ezingabhekana nezinkinga zomhlaba wangempela eziyinkimbinkimbi. Phakathi kwezicelo ezithembisa kakhulu yilezi:
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwezidakamizwa ngokushesha nangempumelelo.
- Ukwenziwa ngcono kwamabhethri omthamo omkhulu wezimoto zikagesi.
- Ukuhlola amathuba amasha kubuhlakani bokwenziwa nokufunda komshini.
Ukwengeza, ochwepheshe baphawula ukuthi ikhono lika-Willow lokwenza iziphazamisi ngesikhathi sangempela lingasheshisa intuthuko ezindaweni ezifana amandla e-nuclear fusion, inkambu ebhekwa njengokhiye ekuxazululeni izinselele zamandla zesikhathi esizayo.
Ikusasa le-quantum computing
Naphezu kwemiphumela yabo emangalisayo, abacwaningi bayavuma ukuthi kusenendlela ende okufanele yenziwe ngaphambi kokuba amakhompyutha e-quantum abe ngokoqobo kwansuku zonke. NgokukaCarlos Sabín, isazi sesayensi ye-physics e-Autonomous University of Madrid, nakuba uWillow enikeza umbono othembisayo, “sisekude kakhulu nokuba nezinto ezanele ezinengqondo ukuze senze izibalo eziwusizo.”
Kodwa-ke, i-Google iyaqiniseka ukuthi le ntuthuko izovula iminyango emisha, hhayi kuphela emkhakheni wocwaningo, kodwa nasekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo kwalobu buchwepheshe bezinguquko. U-Harmut Neven ugcizelela ukuthi, ngo-Willow, "siyisinyathelo esisodwa sokusondela ekwenzeni amakhompyutha we-quantum asebenza ngezinga elikhulu abe ngokoqobo."
Nge-Willow, i-quantum computing ihlanganiswa njengethuluzi ne amandla okuguqula umhlaba wethu. Kusukela ekwehliseni amaphutha kuya ekuboniseni ubukhulu be-quantum, le chip iphawula iphuzu lokujika endleleni eya kunguquko enkulu elandelayo yobuchwepheshe.
Ngingumshisekeli wezobuchwepheshe oguqule izintshisekelo zakhe "ze-geek" zaba umsebenzi. Ngichithe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10 yempilo yami ngisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu kanye nokukitaza ngazo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlelo ngenxa yelukuluku lokufuna ukwazi. Manje sengiqeqeshelwe ubuchwepheshe be-computer nemidlalo yama-video. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi sekuphele iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-5 ngisebenza ngokubhalela amawebhusayithi ahlukahlukene ezobuchwepheshe nemidlalo yevidiyo, ngenza izindatshana ezifuna ukukunikeza imininingwane oyidingayo ngolimi oluqondakala yiwo wonke umuntu.
Uma unemibuzo, ulwazi lwami lusukela kuyo yonke into ehlobene nesistimu yokusebenza ye-Windows kanye ne-Android yomakhalekhukhwini. Futhi ukuzibophezela kwami kuwe, ngihlala ngizimisele ukuchitha amaminithi ambalwa futhi ngikusize uxazulule noma yimiphi imibuzo ongase ube nayo kulo mhlaba we-inthanethi.