Indlela Yokususa Amagciwane Kukhompyutha Yakho

Ingabe ikhompuyutha yakho yenza okungajwayelekile? Ingabe ukuqaphelile ukwanda kwenani lezikhangiso nama-pop-up? Ikhompyutha yakho kungenzeka itheleleke ngegciwane. Uma kungaxazululwanga ngesikhathi, lawa magciwane angabangela umonakalo ongalungiseki ohlelweni lwakho futhi afake engozini ukuphepha kwedatha yakho. Kulesi sihloko, sizokuqondisa ukuthi ungawasusa kanjani amagciwane yekhompyutha ngendlela yobuchwepheshe nengathathi hlangothi, ukuze ukwazi ukuvikela izinto zakho zokusebenza futhi uzigcine zisebenza kahle.

Thola izimpawu zokutheleleka
Ngaphambi kokuthi ususe igciwane kukhompuyutha yakho, kubalulekile ukubona izimpawu zokutheleleka. Ezinye izimpawu ezivamile zihlanganisa ukusebenza kancane kwesistimu, ukuphahlazeka okuvamile, izigelekeqe ezingalindelekile, izinhlelo ezizivulayo noma ezizivalayo ngokwazo, nezithonjana ezintsha noma amabha amathuluzi avela kudeskithophu yakho noma kusiphequluli. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, kungenzeka ukuthi unegciwane kukhompuyutha yakho.

Qalisa i-antivirus scan
Isinyathelo sokuqala sokususa amagciwane kukhompyutha yakho ukusebenzisa isithwebuli esigcwele se-antivirus. Qiniseka ukuthi unohlelo oluthembekile lokuvikela amagciwane olufakwe kusistimu yakho futhi luthuthukele enguqulweni yakamuva. Qala ukuskena okugcwele kwesistimu yakho futhi uyivumele isebenze ize iqede. I-antivirus izocinga futhi isuse noma yimaphi amagciwane noma enye i-malware etholakala kukhompuyutha yakho.

Susa ngokuzenzela amafayela asolisayo
Nakuba ukuskena kwe-antivirus kusebenza ngempumelelo ekutholeni nasekususeni amagciwane, kungase kube nezimo lapho ukuziphatha okungavamile kuqhubekayo. Kulezi zimo, kungase kudingeke ukuthi uwasuse ngesandla amafayela asolisayo. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela kakhulu lapho wenza kanjalo, njengoba ungalimaza amafayela wesistimu uma ususa into engalungile. Uma ungazizwa uqiniseka ngokwenza lo msebenzi, kuhle ukuthi ufune usizo lochwepheshe bekhompyutha.

Gwema izifo zesikhathi esizayo
Uma usususe ngempumelelo igciwane kukhompuyutha yakho, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvikela izifo ezizayo. Gcina uhlelo lwakho lwe-antivirus lusesikhathini samanje futhi usebenzise izikena njalo. Gwema ukulanda amafayela noma izinhlelo ezivela emithonjeni engaziwa futhi qaphela lapho uchofoza izixhumanisi ezisolisayo noma okunamathiselwe kwe-imeyili. Futhi, qiniseka ukuthi unayo isipele kwedatha yakho ebalulekile uma kwenzeka kuba negciwane eliyingozi elidinga ukufometha isistimu.

Isiphetho
Ukukhipha amagciwane kukhompuyutha yakho kungaba umsebenzi onzima nowezobuchwepheshe, kodwa ngokulandela izinyathelo ezifanele, ungasusa amagciwane futhi ugcine ikhompuyutha yakho ivikelekile. Khumbula ukubheka izimpawu zokutheleleka okungenzeka futhi uthathe isinyathelo ngokushesha ukuze unciphise ubungozi. Vikela ikhompuyutha yakho futhi ugcine idatha yakho yomuntu siqu iphephile.

1. Ukuhlonzwa kwezimpawu zokutheleleka ngegciwane lekhompyutha

Ukuze ukhiphe ngempumelelo amagciwane kukhompuyutha yakho, kubalulekile ukukhomba izimpawu zokutheleleka ngegciwane lekhompyutha. Amagciwane angabangela izinkinga ezihlukahlukene kusistimu yakho, njengokunciphisa isivinini sokusebenza, ukonakala kwefayela, noma ngisho nokwebiwa kolwazi oluyimfihlo. Kubalulekile ukubheka izimpawu ezithile ezibalulekile ezingase zibonise ukuba khona kwegciwane. Nazi ezinye zezimpawu ezivame kakhulu okufanele uzinake:

• Ralentización del sistema: Uma ikhompuyutha yakho ingasheshi futhi iba nesikhathi sokuphendula esinensa kunokuvamile, kungase kube uphawu lokutheleleka ngegciwane.
• Izigelekeqe nezikhangiso ezingafunwa: Uma izigelekeqe ezingafuneki noma izikhangiso zivela njalo esikrinini sakho, ikhompyutha yakho kungenzeka ukuthi inegciwane.
• Iphutha lokuqalisa: Uma uhlangabezana namaphutha avamile lapho uqala ikhompyutha yakho noma uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza ayilayishi ngendlela efanele, lokhu kungabonisa ukutheleleka ngegciwane.

Uma usuhlonze izimpawu zokutheleleka ngegciwane lekhompyutha, kufanele uthathe izinyathelo ngokushesha ukuze ususe igciwane kukhompyutha yakho futhi ivimbele ukuthi lingabangeli umonakalo owengeziwe. Nazi izinyathelo eziyisisekelo ongazilandela ukuze ususe amagciwane ekhompyutheni yakho:

• Qalisa i-antivirus scan: Sebenzisa isofthiwe ye-antivirus ebuyekeziwe ukuze wenze ukuskena okugcwele kwesistimu yakho. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi uthole futhi ususe noma yimaphi amagciwane akukhompyutha yakho.
• Actualizar el isistimu esebenzayo: Gcina isistimu yakho yokusebenza nazo zonke izinhlelo zisesikhathini samanje ukuze uvikele ezinsongweni zakamuva zegciwane.
• Eliminar archivos sospechosos: Susa noma yimaphi amafayela noma izinhlelo ezisolisayo ongazithola ekhompyutheni yakho. Uma ungenaso isiqiniseko kusuka kufayela, kuyatuseka ukuthi ungayisebenzisi kuze kube yilapho isihloliwe isofthiwe ethembekile yokulwa namagciwane.

Khumbula lokho ukuvimbela ukutheleleka ngegciwane kubalulekile ukugcina ikhompuyutha yakho iphephile. Ngaso sonke isikhathi gcina isofthiwe yakho ye-antivirus ivuselelwe, gwema ukuchofoza izixhumanisi ezisolisayo noma ukulanda amafayela emithonjeni engathembekile, futhi wenze izipele njalo ukuze uvikele idatha yakho uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka okubi kakhulu.

2. Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukusabalala kwamagciwane kukhompyutha yakho

Lapho usebenzisa ikhompuyutha yethu, kubalulekile ukwazi izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwamagciwane futhi sigcine amafayela ethu nedatha kuphephile. Nakuba kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamagciwane ekhompyutha, kunezindlela ezithile ezisebenzayo esingazisebenzisa ukuze sinciphise ubungozi bokutheleleka ohlelweni lwethu. Okulandelayo, sizokukhombisa izinqubo ezibalulekile zokuvikela ikhompuyutha yakho.

1. Mantén tu sistema operativo actualizado. Abathuthukisi be-software bavame ukukhulula izibuyekezo namapeshi afaka ukuthuthukiswa kokuphepha. Ngokugcina isistimu yakho yokusebenza isesikhathini samanje, uzobe uvikela ikhompuyutha yakho ezingozini ezaziwayo, njengoba lezi zibuyekezo ngokuvamile zifaka phakathi ukulungiswa kwamaphutha okuvikela. Qiniseka ukuthi uvumela izibuyekezo ezizenzakalelayo noma hlola ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze ubone ukuthi izinguqulo ezintsha ziyatholakala yini.

2. Sebenzisa i-antivirus ethembekile. Ukufaka nokugcina uhlelo oluthembekile lwe-antivirus lusesikhathini samanje kubalulekile ukuze uvikele ikhompuyutha yakho kuyo amagciwane kanye ne-malware. I-antivirus enhle kufanele ikwazi ukubona, ivimbe futhi iqede noma yikuphi usongo olungase lube khona. Khumbula ukumisa isivikeli magciwane sakho ukuze wenze izikena ezihleliwe nezikena ngesikhathi sangempela. Futhi, gwema ukuchofoza izixhumanisi noma ukulanda amafayela emithonjeni engathembekile.

3. Qaphela izinanyathiselwa nezixhumanisi ezisolisayo. Amagciwane ekhompyutha avame ukusabalala ngokunamathiselwe kwi-imeyili noma ngezixhumanisi ezinonya ezivuliwe amawebhusayithi kanye nemiyalezo esheshayo. Uma uthola i-imeyili esolisayo noma umlayezo ovela kothile ongaziwa, gwema ukuvula izinanyathiselwa noma ukuchofoza izixhumanisi. Uma ungaqiniseki ngokufaneleka kwefayela noma isixhumanisi, kungcono ukwenza iphutha ohlangothini lokuqapha futhi ungaxhumani nalo.

3. Sebenzisa isofthiwe ethembekile yokulwa namagciwane ukuze ususe amagciwane

Amagciwane ekhompyutha angaba uhlupho olukhulu futhi aphazamise ukusebenza kwekhompyutha yakho. Ukuze uvikele isistimu yakho, kubalulekile ukuyisebenzisa software antivirus de confianza. Lawa mathuluzi anesibopho sokuhlonza nokuqeda amagciwane akhona kukhompuyutha yakho, aqinisekise ukusebenza kahle. Lapho ukhetha isofthiwe ye-antivirus, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo eyaziwayo emakethe futhi ufunde ukubuyekezwa komsebenzisi ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza kwayo.

Kunezinketho eziningi zesofthiwe ye-antivirus emakethe, ezinye zazo zimahhala kanti ezinye zidinga ukubhalisa. Eminye yemikhiqizo eyaziwa kakhulu yi-Avast, Norton kanye noMcAfee. Kunconywa ukukhetha inketho efanelekile ngokuya ngezidingo zakho kanye nesabelomali. Ukwengeza, ezinye izinhlobo zinikeza izivivinyo zamahhala ezikuvumela ukuthi uhlole ukusebenza kwayo ngaphambi kokwenza isinqumo. Ungakweqi ukuvikeleka kwekhompyutha yakho, njengoba isofthiwe ethembekile ye-antivirus ingavimbela izinkinga eziningi futhi ivikele idatha yakho yomuntu siqu.

Uma usuyifakile isofthiwe yakho ye-antivirus oyikhethayo, kubalulekile mantenerlo actualizado. Izigebengu ze-Cybercriminal zihlala zithuthukisa izindlela ezintsha zokugwema ukutholwa kwe-antivirus, ngakho-ke izibuyekezo ezijwayelekile zibalulekile ukuze ugcine isistimu yakho ivikelekile. Iningi lezinhlelo ze-antivirus zinikeza izibuyekezo ezizenzakalelayo, kodwa ungakwazi futhi ukuhlola ngokwakho izibuyekezo ezitholakalayo. Khumbula ukuthi ukuvikela okusebenzayo kumagciwane kuncike ekusebenziseni isofthiwe ebuyekeziwe nethembekile.

4. Izinyathelo zokususa amagciwane ngesandla

Kwesinye isikhathi, izinto zethu zokusebenza zingase zithintwe amagciwane ekhompyutha abeka engcupheni ukusebenza kahle kwekhompyutha. Uma singenayo i-antivirus ebuyekeziwe noma uma silande amafayela asolisayo, kungenzeka ukuthi besiyizisulu zegciwane. Ngenhlanhla, zikhona Yini esingayenza ukuze sixazulule le nkinga?

Isinyathelo sokuqala sokususa igciwane ngesandla si khomba ifayela noma uhlelo oluthelelekile. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokuhlaziya ukusebenza kwekhompuyutha noma ngokuskena uhlelo kusetshenziswa isofthiwe ethembekile yokulwa namagciwane. Uma sesilitholile ifayela noma uhlelo olusolisayo, kufanele senze isipele sedatha yethu ebalulekile ukuze sigweme ukulahlekelwa ulwazi phakathi nenqubo yokususa.

Ngemva kokwenza isipele idatha yethu, sifika esinyathelweni esilandelayo esibalulekile: khubaza ukubuyisela uhlelo. Amagciwane avame ukusebenzisa ithuba lokubuyisela uhlelo ukuze azikhiqize kabusha ngemva kokususwa. Ukuze sikhubaze lesi sici, kufanele sifinyelele izilungiselelo zesistimu futhi sikhubaze inketho yokubuyisela isistimu. Uma lokhu sekwenziwe, siqhubeka nokususa ifayela legciwane noma uhlelo, ngokulihambisa endaweni evalekile ye-antivirus yethu noma ngokulisusa unomphela. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi kufanele silandele imiyalelo yesofthiwe ye-antivirus esetshenzisiwe futhi siqiniseke ukuthi ifayela elikhethiwe noma uhlelo lunonya ngempela futhi akuyona into ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kohlelo lwethu.

5. Yenza ukuskena kwesistimu okuphelele kumodi ephephile

Esinye sezinyathelo ezibalulekile zokulwa namagciwane kukhompyutha yakho ukwenza ukuskena kwesistimu okuphelele Modo Seguro. Uma ikhompuyutha yakho ikule modi, izinsiza ezibalulekile kuphela nezishayeli ezizolayishwa, okunciphisa amathuba okuthi amagciwane asebenze futhi azifihle ohlelweni. Ukuze uqale kabusha ikhompuyutha yakho en Modo Seguro, mane ucindezele ukhiye we-F8 ngesikhathi sokuqalisa bese ukhetha inketho ye-Safe Mode kumenyu.

Uma useModini ephephile, sekuyisikhathi sokwenza a ukuhlaziya ngokucophelela yawo wonke amafayela nezinhlelo kusistimu yakho. Ungasebenzisa amathuluzi athembekile nabuyekeziwe we-antivirus ukuskena wonke i-hard drive ngifuna noma yiziphi izinsongo ezingaba khona. Lawa mathuluzi azokuvumela ukuthi uthole futhi ukhiphe noma yimaphi amagciwane, uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha noma inhloli okungenzeka ukuthi ifihliwe kukhompyutha yakho. Qiniseka ukuthi wenza ukuhlaziya completo futhi ungakhohlwa ukuhlola noma imaphi amadrayivu angaphandle noma izisetshenziswa zesitoreji ezixhunyiwe.

Enye inketho ebalulekile okufanele icatshangelwe ngesikhathi sokuskena kwesistimu ngokuphelele ku-Safe Mode i ukususwa kwezinhlelo ezisolisayo. Hlola ngokucophelela uhlu lwezinhlelo ezifakwe kukhompyutha yakho futhi ukhiphe lezo ezingaziwa noma ezisolisayo. Lezi zinhlelo zingaba umthombo wamagciwane ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuwaqeda ukuze ugweme izifo ezizayo. Futhi khumbula ukuhlola izandiso zesiphequluli futhi ususe lezo ongaziboni noma ezinokuziphatha okusolisayo.

6. Ukusebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile okususa amagciwane

El Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka kwekhompyutha yethu nokuvikela imininingwane yethu yomuntu siqu. Amagciwane ekhompyutha angabangela umonakalo omkhulu, njengokuntshontshwa kwedatha, ukulahlekelwa amafayela abalulekile, noma ukungasebenzi kahle uhlelo lokusebenza. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuba namathuluzi afanele okuthola nokuqeda noma yikuphi usongo olungaba khona kukhompyutha yethu.

Existen diferentes amathuluzi akhethekile okususa igciwane iyatholakala emakethe, futhi eziningi zazo zimahhala. Lawa mathuluzi enzelwe ukuhlonza nokususa amagciwane, uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha, i-adware nezinye izinhlobo zezinsongo zekhompyutha. Amanye amathuluzi aziwa kakhulu afaka i-antivirus efana ne-Avast, AVG, Malwarebytes, neKaspersky, phakathi kwabanye. Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukugcina lawa mathuluzi esesikhathini ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ayasebenza ngokumelene nezinsongo zakamuva.

Lapho sinquma ukusebenzisa a ithuluzi elikhethekile lokususa igciwane, es recomendable seguir los siguientes pasos:
– Yenza iskena sesistimu esigcwele: Ithuluzi lizokwenza ukuhlaziya okuphelele kwawo wonke amafayela nezinhlelo kukhompyutha yethu ukuze lifune izinsongo ezingaba khona.
– Susa izinsongo ezitholiwe: Uma ukuskena sekuqediwe, ithuluzi lizosibonisa uhlu lwezinsongo ezitholiwe futhi lisivumele ukuthi siziqede ngokuphephile.
– Programar escaneos regulares: Ukugcina ikhompuyutha yethu ivikelekile, kuyancomeka ukuhlela ukuskena okuzenzakalelayo ngezikhathi ezithile ngethuluzi elikhethiwe.

7. Vimbela izifo ezizayo ngokuthatha izindlela ezinhle zokuphepha zekhompyutha

Indlela Yokususa Amagciwane Kukhompyutha Yakho

Ukuvimbela izifo ezizayo kubalulekile ekugcineni ikhompuyutha yakho iphephile futhi isebenza kahle. Ukufeza lokhu, kubalulekile ukwamukela buenas prácticas de seguridad informática. Nawa amanye amathiphu angakusiza ukuthi unciphise amathuba okutheleleka ngegciwane futhi ugcine idivayisi yakho ivikelekile:

• Mantén tu sistema operativo actualizado: Izibuyekezo zesofthiwe ngokuvamile zihlanganisa amapeshi okuvikela alungisa ubungozi obaziwayo. Qiniseka ukuthi ufaka zonke izibuyekezo ezitholakalayo zesistimu yakho yokusebenza nezinhlelo ozisebenzisayo.
• Instala un antivirus confiable: Uhlelo oluhle lwe-antivirus lubalulekile ukuze uthole futhi uqede noma yiziphi izinsongo ezingase zizame ukungena kukhompyutha yakho. Qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa isofthiwe eyaziwayo yokuvikela futhi uyigcine ibuyekezwa njalo.
• Educa a los usuarios: Ukuphepha kwekhompyutha akukhona nje nge-software ne-hardware, kodwa futhi mayelana nabasebenzisi. Kubalulekile ukufundisa bonke abasebenzisi ukuze bazi ngezingozi ezingaba khona futhi bazi ukuthi bazigwema kanjani. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukungavuli ama-imeyili asolisayo, ukungachofa izixhumanisi ezingaziwa noma ezingabazekayo noma izinanyathiselwa, nokungalandi isofthiwe emithonjeni engathembekile.

Ngaphezu kwe lawa macebiso, ungase futhi ucabangele ezinye izinyathelo zokuphepha, ezifana nokusebenzisa uxhumano lwe-VPN uma uxhuma ku-inthanethi, ukwenza izipele ezivamile zedatha yakho ebalulekile, nokusebenzisa amaphasiwedi aqinile. Khumbula ukuthi ukuvimbela kuyisihluthulelo sokugcina ikhompyutha yakho ingenamagciwane futhi isebenza kahle.