- I-US iphoqa ukuthengiswa kwemisebenzi yeTikTok ezweni enhlanganweni eholwa yi-Oracle, iSilver Lake kanye ne-MGX ukuze kugwenywe ukuvinjelwa kwayo ngezizathu zokuphepha kwezwe.
- Ibhizinisi elisha elihlangene lizoba neningi lemali kanye nokulawula kwe-US, kanye nebhodi elinamalungu ayisikhombisa kanye namandla aphelele phezu kwedatha, ama-algorithms kanye nokulawulwa kokuqukethwe e-US.
- Idatha yomsebenzisi we-TikTok e-United States izogcinwa ezinhlelweni eziphethwe yi-Oracle, futhi i-algorithm izoqeqeshwa kabusha ngedatha yendawo ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokuphazamiseka kwangaphandle.
- Lesi sivumelwano siqeda iminyaka yokungezwani kwezepolitiki kanye nezomthetho phakathi kweWashington neBeijing, kodwa sishiya iYurophu izibuza ukuthi le ndlela ingadluliselwa kanjani noma ikhuthaze imithethonqubo yesikhathi esizayo.
Impi ende yezepolitiki neyokulawula e-United States ezungeze I-TikTok ekugcineni kuholele ku- isivumelwano somlandoUhlelo lokusebenza oludumile lwamavidiyo amafushane luzoqhubeka nokusebenza e-United States, kodwa Izokwenza kanjalo ngaphansi kwesakhiwo esisha sobunikazi esineningi lemali yendawo.Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yezixwayiso, izinsongo zokungavumeli, kanye nezingxoxo zomzuzu wokugcina, IWashington ithole ukwehliswa okukhulu kwebhizinisi layo kuleli lizwe yinkampani yaseShayina iByteDance..
Lolu shintsho lubeka isibonelo esibaluleke kakhulu ku- ibhalansi yamandla phakathi kwamapulatifomu obuchwepheshe, ohulumeni, kanye nokuphepha kwedathaLokhu kubhekwe kakhulu yiYurophu neSpain. Nakuba lesi sivumelwano sithinta ngqo i-United States kuphela, imodeli ingasebenza njengereferensi yezingxoxo zesikhathi esizayo zaseYurophu ngamapulatifomu aphethwe ngabakwamanye amazwe, ukucutshungulwa kwedatha, kanye nokulawulwa kwe-algorithm.
Umzabalazo wamandla wezwe wezepolitiki ofihliwe njengempi yohlelo lokusebenza
Impikiswano ezungeze iTikTok ayizange ibe, empeleni, ukungqubuzana okulula ngenethiwekhi yokuxhumana nabantu ethandwayo, kodwa ukungqubuzana kwamasu phakathi kwe-United States ne-China ukulawula idatha, ama-algorithms, kanye nethonya ledijithali. Kusukela ngo-2020, le nkundla ibilokhu ibhekene nokuphikisana kwemiyalelo yabaphathi, imithetho yephalamende, kanye nemikhawulo yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe ebekwe yiBeijing.
Sekuvele kuphethwe yi-Administration of UDonald Trump wethule ukuhlasela okukhulu kokuqala vala iTikTok e-US Ngaphandle kokuthi izimpahla zayo zasendaweni zithengisiwe. Lowo mzamo awuzange uphumelele, kodwa wavula umnyango weminyaka eminingi yokungaqiniseki kwezomthetho kanye nebhizinisi okwashiya ikusasa lohlelo lokusebenza liphezulu emoyeni kubasebenzisi balo abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-150 ezweni ngaleso sikhathi.
Ushintsho eWhite House aluzange luthulise amanzi. Ngaphansi kobumongameli bukaJoe Biden, iCongress yaphasisa umthetho ngo-2024 wokuthi Kwaphoqa iByteDance ukuthi izihlukanise neTikTok yase-US ngaphambi kukaJanuwari 2025Ngaphansi kokusongelwa kokuphela kogesi, inkampani ibilokhu iphika ukuthi idlulisele idatha kuhulumeni waseShayina, kodwa ukungabaza kwaqhubeka eWashington.
Okwamanje, kusukela eShayina, iziphathimandla zaziqinisa indima yazo ngokulawula ukuthumela kwamanye amazwe kubuchwepheshe obubucayiLokhu kwakuhlanganisa i-algorithm yezincomo zeTikTok, inhliziyo yangempela yebhizinisi. Le mikhawulo yenza kwaba nzima noma yimuphi umsebenzi, njengoba ukuthumela ngaphandle lobu buchwepheshe obubalulekile kwakudinga imvume ecacile evela eBeijing.
Phakathi kwezandiso, imiyalelo elandelanayo yabaphathi, kanye nemiyalezo ephikisanayo, iwashi laqhubeka lishaya kwaze kwaba yilapho, njengoba lembula ama-memo angaphakathi kanye nokuvuza kwabezindaba base-USAmaqembu aqala ukuchaza isivumelwano esasizokwanelisa izidingo zokuphepha kwezwe laseWashington ngaphandle kokunqamula ngokuphelele ubudlelwano neByteDance.
I-TikTok entsha e-US: ibhizinisi elihlanganyelwe neningi lendawo
Umphumela walezo zingxoxo ukudalwa kwe- Ibhizinisi elihlangene elise-US elizosebenzisa i-TikTok e-USYakhelwe phezu kwesakhiwo esikhona se-TikTok US Data Security (USDS), le nhlangano yangaphakathi, ebivele isebenza njengeyunithi ehlukile, manje isiba yingqikithi yenkampani entsha.
Izivumelwano ezisayinwe yi-ByteDance kanye ne-TikTok nabatshalizimali i-Oracle, i-Silver Lake, kanye ne-MGX ziyabopha futhi zibeka ukuthi Ama-50% enhloko-dolobha yenhlangano entsha kushiywe ezandleni zeqembu labatshalizimali abashaPhakathi kwazo kukhona izinkampani ezintathu okukhulunywe ngazo, ngayinye inesabelo esingu-15%. Leli qembu labalingani base-US kanye nabalingani bayo limi njengabanikazi bamasheya abayinhloko futhi lizoba nethonya eliqondile ezinqumweni zamasu.
Amasheya asele ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili: ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinkampani ezingaphansi kwabanye abatshalizimali bamanje be-ByteDance Bazolawula cishe u-30,1%; ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-ByteDance ngokwayo izogcina u-19,9%. Ngale ndlela, inkampani engumzali waseShayina ayinyamalali esithombeni, kodwa ithonya layo elisemthethweni lilinganiselwe ngokusobala uma liqhathaniswa neningi lemali yase-US.
Isakhiwo sokuphatha izinkampani siphinde saguqulwa ukuze sivumelane nezidingo zaseWashington. I-joint venture entsha izoba ne- ibhodi labaqondisi elakhiwe ngamalungu ayisikhombisa, kanye neningi lezakhamuzi zase-USLeli bhodi lizoba negunya elicacile ezindaweni ezibhekwa njengezibalulekile: ukuvikelwa kwedatha yomsebenzisi, ukuphepha kwe-algorithm, ukulinganisela okuqukethwe, kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwesofthiwe esebenza enhlabathini yase-US.
Ephepheni, ukuhlelwa kabusha kuvumela abalawuli base-US ukuthi bagomele ngokuthi iTikTok esebenza endaweni yabo, ngazo zonke izinjongo ezisebenzayo, izoba yi- inhlangano ehlukile, ngaphansi kohlaka lwezomthetho lwase-US kanye nokulawulwa kwezinkampani, nakuba ixhunywe ngokusebenzayo kunethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke ngemisebenzi efana nokukhangisa noma ukuhweba nge-inthanethi.
Idatha ngaphansi kwe-US lock and key kanye ne-algorithm eqeqeshwe kabusha
Elinye lamaphuzu abucayi kakhulu esivumelwaneni yikusasa lolwazi lomsebenzisi. Ngokusho kohlelo oluvunyelwene ngalo, Yonke idatha evela kubasebenzisi base-US izogcinwa ezinhlelweni eziphethwe yi-Oracle. ngaphakathi kwe-United States. Le nkampani, kakade engumlingani we-TikTok kumasevisi efu, ithatha indima ebalulekile njengomnakekeli wezobuchwepheshe.
Inhloso eshiwoyo ukuthi ukucutshungulwa kwedatha ukubhekwa kwendawo okuqinisekisiweLokhu kuzokwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukufinyelela ohlelweni ngaphandle kwemvume evela kwamanye amazwe. IWashington ihlose ukuphendula ekugxekweni okuphindaphindiwe kokuthi ulwazi lwezigidi zabasebenzisi lungagcina selusezandleni zeziphathimandla zaseShayina.
Enye inkinga enkulu i-algorithm yezincomo, ingxenye ebalulekile enquma ukuthi yikuphi okuqukethwe umsebenzisi ngamunye akubonayo nokuthi yikuphi, ngokusho kwabagxeki, okungase kwenzeke. ukuze kusetshenziswe ukuthonya umbono womphakathi ngokungacaci. Isivumelwano sithi lolu hlelo luzoba uzoqeqeshwa kabusha esebenzisa idatha evela kubasebenzisi base-USisinyathelo esizothinta indlela abasebenzisi abangazama ngayo Shintsha i-FYP yakho ku-TikTok, ngaphansi kokuvikelwa nokuphathwa yi-Oracle, ngenhloso yokugwema ukuxhashazwa kwangaphandle.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-joint venture entsha izothatha ukulinganisela okuqukethwe kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinqubomgomo zangaphakathi ezweniLokhu kuhilela ukulawula ukugeleza kolwazi olusakazwa epulatifomu e-United States, njalo ngaphansi kohlaka lomthetho wendawo futhi ngaphansi kwezingcindezi zezepolitiki ezivamile mayelana nalokho okubhekwa njengokuqukethwe okwamukelekayo.
Okwamanje, iTikTok Global nabanye Izinhlangano zase-US ngaphakathi kweqembu zizoba nesibopho sokusebenzisana kwemikhiqizo kanye nemigqa ethile yebhizinisi efana nokukhangisa, ukuhweba nge-inthanethi, kanye nokumaketha kwamazwe ngamazwe. Lesi sigaba esisebenzayo sihlose ukulinganisela izibopho zomthetho zase-US nesidingo sokugcina uhlelo lwemvelo lomhlaba wonke oluhambisanayo.
Iminyaka yokungezwani, ukunwetshwa kanye nokungaqiniseki kwabasebenzisi nabadali
Indlela eya kulesi sivumelwano ibilokhu ilula kakhulu. Sekuyiminyaka eminingi, ukuba khona okuqhubekayo kweTikTok e-United States kuhlale kunamathele, kanye izinsuku zokugcina ezihlehlisiwe kaninginingi ngemiyalelo yokuphatha kanye nezinqumo zokuphatha, kuyilapho izingxoxo zenzeka ngasese.
Ezigabeni zokuqala, uHulumeni kaTrump waze wafika eqophelweni lokusetha izinsuku zokugcina ezithile "zokuvala" kohlelo lokusebenza uma ubunikazi bungazange budluliselwe ezandleni eziningi zaseMelika. Ezinye zalezo zinsuku zahlangatshezwana nobuchwepheshe, ngokuphazamiseka kwenkonzo okufushane, kwalandelwa ukunwetshwa okwengeziwe ngenkathi kufunwa ikhambi elamukelekayo lezepolitiki nelebhizinisi.
ICongress, ngokusekelwa yizinhlangothi zombili, ekugcineni yaqinisa lezo zingcindezi yaba umthetho oxhumanisa ngqo Ukuqhubeka kweTikTok ngemuva kokuhlukana kwayo ngempumelelo neByteDanceikakhulukazi mayelana ne-algorithm yokuncoma. Umthethonqubo waze wabeka nokuthi noma yisiphi isixazululo kwakufanele siqinisekise ukuthi uhlelo ngeke lusalawulwa yiShayina.
Ngisho nangemva kokuba umbhalo wezomthetho usuvunyiwe, isimo asizange sizinze. Kwakukhona izimemezelo eziningi zezivumelwano zokuqalaEzinye zazo zagujwa esidlangalaleni yi-White House njengokunqoba okukhulu, kodwa zaphela lapho izikhundla zeWashington neBeijing ziphinde zangqubuzana ngezimali ezikhokhwayo, ubuchwepheshe, noma ithonya ledijithali.
Konke lokhu kwenzeke ngenkathi isisekelo sabasebenzisi beTikTok e-US siqhubeka nokukhula. Eminyakeni embalwa nje, le nkundla isishintshe ekubeni yinto entsha phakathi kwentsha yaba yinto entsha. isiteshi esiphakathi sokudla okuqukethwe kwabantu abadala kanye nemikhiqizoImibiko yakamuva ibeka ukusetshenziswa kohlelo lokusebenza cishe ku-37% wabantu abadala baseMelika, kanti amazinga okwamukelwa aphezulu kakhulu phakathi kweqembu leminyaka eli-18-29. Lokhu kubangela ukukhathazeka phakathi kwabantu. abasebenzisi nabadali mayelana nokuqhubeka kanye nemikhuba yokuphatha okuqukethwe.
Umthelela eSpain naseYurophu: ilabhorethri yokulawula okufanele iqashelwe eduze
Nakuba lokhu kuklanywa kabusha kwe-TikTok okusemthethweni nokusebenza kukhawulelwe e-United States, imiphumela yako izwakala kude kakhulu nemingcele yayo. IYurophu neSpain babukele lokhu kuhlolwa komthetho eduze., ngesikhathi lapho iBrussels isivele iqinise ukuma kwayo ezinkampanini ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe ngemithetho efana ne-DSA (Digital Services Act) kanye ne-DMA (Digital Markets Act).
Umqondo wokuphoqa ipulatifomu yangaphandle ukuthi iqalise imisebenzi yayo yasekhaya futhi yakhe inhlangano yendawo ngaphansi kokulawulwa kweningi Lokhu kungangena ezingxoxweni zesikhathi esizayo zaseYurophu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezihlobene nedatha ebucayi, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, kanye nolwazi olungesilo iqiniso. Nakuba i-EU kuze kube manje ikhethe izindlela zokuqapha kanye nezijeziso, icala le-TikTok e-US linikeza enye indlela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nhlangano yenzeka ngesikhathi esifanayo nempikiswano yaseYurophu mayelana Kufanele ziphathwe kanjani izindlela zokwenza izinto ezithinta inkulumo yomphakathi?ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabantu abasha. I-TikTok, enesimiso sayo esinamandla sokuncoma kanye nokungena kwayo ezilalelini zentsha, isibe yisifundo esiphindaphindayo sabalawuli kanye nezifundiswa.
Indlela i-United States efune ngayo iziqinisekiso ezithile ku- ukugcinwa kwedatha yendawo kanye nokuqapha i-algorithm Kuqinisa izikhundla zalabo abase-EU abafuna ukuba kube nokucaca okukhulu kwe-algorithm, ukuhlolwa okuzimele, kanye nekhono labasebenzisi lokuqonda nokulawula ukuthi okuqukethwe kunconywa kanjani kubo.
Uhlaka olusha oluzovumela iTikTok ukuthi iqhubeke nokusebenza e-United States ludweba isithombe lapho ezombusazwe zezwe, ukulawulwa kobuchwepheshe kanye nebhizinisi ledijithali Lezi zinkinga ziya ngokuya zihlangana. Ukuthengiswa kwebhizinisi lase-US kancane enhlanganweni eholwa yi-Oracle, i-Silver Lake, kanye ne-MGX akugcini nje ngokuxazulula, okungenani okwamanje, usongo lokuvinjelwa, kodwa futhi kuguqula uhlelo lokusebenza lube uphawu lwendlela amazwe afuna ngayo ukubuyisa ukulawula amapulatifomu omhlaba. EYurophu naseSpain, leli cala seliyindawo yokuhlola okufanele kufundwe kuyo lapho kubhekene nezingxabano zesikhathi esizayo phakathi kobukhosi bedijithali, izintshisekelo zezentengiselwano, kanye namalungelo abasebenzisi.
Ngingumshisekeli wezobuchwepheshe oguqule izintshisekelo zakhe "ze-geek" zaba umsebenzi. Ngichithe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10 yempilo yami ngisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu kanye nokukitaza ngazo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlelo ngenxa yelukuluku lokufuna ukwazi. Manje sengiqeqeshelwe ubuchwepheshe be-computer nemidlalo yama-video. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi sekuphele iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-5 ngisebenza ngokubhalela amawebhusayithi ahlukahlukene ezobuchwepheshe nemidlalo yevidiyo, ngenza izindatshana ezifuna ukukunikeza imininingwane oyidingayo ngolimi oluqondakala yiwo wonke umuntu.
Uma unemibuzo, ulwazi lwami lusukela kuyo yonke into ehlobene nesistimu yokusebenza ye-Windows kanye ne-Android yomakhalekhukhwini. Futhi ukuzibophezela kwami kuwe, ngihlala ngizimisele ukuchitha amaminithi ambalwa futhi ngikusize uxazulule noma yimiphi imibuzo ongase ube nayo kulo mhlaba we-inthanethi.