Ungakala kanjani ukubambezeleka kwe-DPC ku-Windows futhi uthole uhlelo olubangela ukusikeka okuncane

Uma i-PC yakho izwa umsindo ozwakalayo, iyangingiza ngenkathi idlala ividiyo, noma ibonakala “ilenga” ngaphandle kwesizathu, kunomsolwa ovamile: Ukubambezeleka kwe-DPCLokhu kubambezeleka, okungabonakali ngeso lenyama, kungonakalisa isethi ye-DJ, okurekhodiwe ku-DAW yakho, noma igeyimu eku-inthanethi uma ungakulindele. Yingakho kubalulekile ukwazi Kala ukubambezeleka kwe-DPC ku-Windows futhi uthole izixazululo.

Ukukusiza, sihlanganise uchungechunge lwe izinqubo ezingokoqobo namathuluzi asebenza ngempelaSihlanganise okuhle kakhulu kokuhlangenwe nakho komhlaba wangempela okuningana: kusukela ekusebenziseni i-LatencyMon ne-PerfMon, kuya ku-tweaks yamandla, izinsiza, izishayeli ze-GPU (NVIDIA/AMD), namanye amaqhinga.

Kungani kubalulekile ukukala ukubambezeleka kwe-DPC ku-Windows?

Ama-DPCs (Izinqubo Ezihlehlisiwe Izingcingo) kuyimisebenzi i-kernel ehlehlisayo ukuphatha iziphazamiso zehadiwe ngokuzola; lapho zinqwabelana noma zigijima isikhathi eside kakhulu, ukubambezeleka kuyaqalwa kanye nokusikeka okuncane okulalelwayo, ukungingiza kwevidiyo noma ukubanda okuncane kokusebenzelana kuyavela.

Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa ukuchofoza komsindo, ukungingiza kuvidiyo yesikrini esigcwele, noma amafreyimu awehlisiwe, futhi ngokuvamile aqondana neziqongo zamashumi ezinkulungwane zamasekhondi amancane. Icala elijwayelekile: ikhompuyutha engenzi lutho 1000–20000 µs futhi uma ngifaka ividiyo esikrinini esigcwele iyaqala, ngisho nangemva kokunqamula imonitha yesibili.

Amathuluzi athembekile okulinganisa ukubambezeleka kwe-DPC ku-Windows

Ku-Windows 7, ungasebenzisa I-DPC Latency Checker (DPCLAT)Ilula futhi ibonisa ukuthi isistimu ingakwazi yini ukuphatha ukugeleza kwesikhathi sangempela, nakuba ezinguqulweni zanamuhla ze-Windows ingaseyona indlela enconyiwe.

Ku-Windows 8, 10 kanye ne-11, inkomba ithi I-LatencyMon. Vele ucindezele inkinobho ethi Dlala futhi uyivumele isebenze ngenkathi usebenzisa ikhompyutha yakho (udlala imidlalo, udlala amavidiyo, uvula izinhlelo). Yize yakhelwe ochwepheshe bomsindo, ikala ikhono lesistimu lokucubungula isikhathi sangempela futhi ikutshele ukuthi yini umshayeli noma inqubo idala izinkinga ngisho noma ungenayo idivayisi yomsindo exhunyiwe.

Amacala ajwayelekile kanye nendlela yokwenza

Ngaphambi kokuhlaziya izindlela zokulinganisa ukubambezeleka kwe-DPC ku-Windows, ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izakhi ezivame ukudala inkinga:

• ngis.sys (inethiwekhi). Lokhu ngokuvamile kuhlobene nama-adaptha e-Wi-Fi/Ethernet. Zama ukukhubaza i-Wi-Fi nama-NIC kuMphathi Wedivayisi bese uqhathanisa izilinganiso; uma ihluleka, hlola umshayeli wenethiwekhi noma ushintshe umshayeli womkhiqizi abe kwejwayelekile (noma okuphambene nalokho).
• ohci1394.sys (I-FireWire). Uma usebenzisa amadivaysi e-IEEE 1394, anqamule phakathi nokuhlolwa; buyekeza abashayeli be-FireWire; futhi uhlole ukungqubuzana kwe-IRQ, ikakhulukazi nge-GPU. Kumabhodi omama ane-FireWire ehlanganisiwe, ikhadi le-PCI/PCIe elizinikele linganikeza ukusebenza okungcono. ukubambezeleka okuqhubekayo.
• usbport.sys (Isilawuli se-USB). Landa abashayeli bakamuva be-chipset kusuka kuwebhusayithi yomkhiqizi we-motherboard yakho. Kube nokuthuthuka okubhaliwe ku-Windows 7 SP1 (KB2529073). Ezimweni ezingavamile, abafundi bekhadi le-SD/MMC/CF babangele i-DPC ephezulu; khubaza okufakiwe kwabo kokuthi Isiphathi Sedivayisi bese ubona ukuthi ihluzo ziyathuthuka.
• i-nvlddmkm.sys (NVIDIA). Buyekeza kusuka nvidia.com, susa i-telemetry ngokufaka okuhlanzekile, futhi uhlole ama-IRQ. Le mojula idume kabi ngama-DPC spikes anamandla okuphatha; ibuye ithinteke ngezinye izikhathi abashayeli be-chipset, ngakho-ke kuwumqondo omuhle ukuyisebenzisa. njalo uzibuyekeze.
• I-ACPI.sys (ukuphathwa kwamandla). Okujwayelekile kumalaptop. Ukukhubaza ukumiswa okwesikhashana okukhethiwe, ukulungisa uhlelo lwamandla, futhi ezimeni ezimbi kakhulu, ukukhubaza ibhethri le-ACPI kusiphathi Sedivayisi kungasiza, wazi ukuthi ungalahlekelwa amandla okushaja ibhethri. Kuyikhambi elinamandla futhi kufanele kuzanywe ngalo izinyathelo zokuphepha ezicacile.

Izenzo ezingokoqobo zokunciphisa ukubambezeleka kwe-DPC

Qala ngezinto eziyisisekelo: ku-BIOS/UEFI naku-Windows, ikhubaza izici zokonga amandla ezinolaka (C-States nokunye okufanayo), sebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza Okuphezulu futhi uhlole amazinga okushisa. Lezi izinguquko eziyisisekelo, kodwa zakha isisekelo ukuze zonke ezinye izinguquko zisebenze.

Khubaza ukumisa okwesikhashana okukhethiwe kwe-USB ohlelweni lwakho lwamandla (kokubili i-AC nebhethri). Uzonciphisa ukubambezeleka kwe-storport.sys futhi uzinzise isitoreji se-USB namadivayisi alalelwayo.

Nge Isihloli sezilungiselelo zamandla (sebenzisa njengomlawuli), bonisa izilungiselelo zephrosesa ezifihliwe: thola okuthi “I-Processor Idle Demote Threshold” kanye “Ne-Processor Idle Promote Threshold”, yekise ukuthikha, bese, kokuthi Izinketho Zamandla > Ukuphathwa Amandla Ephrosesa, setha yomibili imibundu ku-100%. Lokhu kunciphisa ukuguqulwa kokungenzi lutho kwe-CPU futhi kunciphisa iziqongo. we-kernel nabashayeli.

Ezinkethweni Zamandla ezifanayo, lungisa: “Ukusebenza kwephrosesa: indawo yokupaka eyinhloko ephansi” iye ku-100% (AC nebhethri), “Isimo esincane sokucutshungulwa” sibe ngu-100% kanye “Nesimo seprosesa esiphezulu” sibe ngu-100%. Ngokuthi "Khubaza ukungenzi lutho kwephrosesa", shiya "vumela ukungenzi lutho" njengokuthi ikhompyutha yakho ikubekezelela kangcono. Lezi zinguquko zinciphisa "indawo yokupaka eyinhloko" futhi zigweme ukubambezeleka lapho "uvuka", nakuba zisebenzisa okuningi futhi ziphakamisa. izinga lokushisa.

Yenza ukufaka okuhlanzekile kwabashayeli be-GPUKuphaneli yokulawula ye-3D, khetha okuthi "Khetha ukusebenza okuphezulu." Ku-AMD, sebenzisa i-DDU, khipha iphakheji yomshayeli, bese ukhansela isifaki. Bese, kokuthi Isiphathi Sedivayisi > Ama-adaptha wokubonisa, khetha "Buyekeza Umshayeli" bese ukhomba uhla lwemibhalo olukhishiwe. Lokhu kuzofaka umshayeli we-bare-metal ngaphandle kokungeziwe.

Yenza kusebenze imodi ye-MSI ku-GPU yakho nge-MSI Utility v3 (njengomlawuli), khetha i-MSI ye-GPU bese usetha okubalulekile kokuthi Okuphezulu. Qalisa kabusha futhi uhlole. Le modi inciphisa umbango ophazamisayo futhi inganciphisa ukungingiza emidlalweni.

Khipha “I-Windows Update Health Tools” Uma unayo. Ngesizathu esithile, abantu abaningana bathola ukubambezeleka okuphansi ngemva kokuyisusa, bazi ukuthi uzolahlekelwa isilekeleli esihlola ukuthi i-PC yakho ifanelekile yini Windows 11 futhi ingavimba izibuyekezo ezithile; kuyi-a ukushintshana okuqaphelayo.

Faka i- abashayeli be-chipset ngokuqondile kumkhiqizi wakho webhodi lomama. IWindows imvamisa iwashiya ehloniphekile, kodwa iphakheji esemthethweni ishuna kahle i-USB, i-PCIe, isitoreji, nezibali-sikhathi—izinsika ezine ezithonya i-DPC kakhulu kunalokho obungacabanga.

Ukulungiselelwa okwengeziwe komsindo wesikhathi sangempela (ama-DJ, ama-DAW, ukusakaza)

Uma usebenzisa ikhompuyutha yakho ukwenza i-DJing noma ukurekhoda kuphela, ungaya phambili. Ku-[Isiphathi Somsebenzi > Amasevisi], khubaza izinsiza ezengeziwe kumkhiqizi wekhompuyutha yakho ephathekayo (isb., LG), ngoba zisebenzisa i-CPU futhi zenze izingcingo ngezikhathi ezithile ezigcina zikhuphule ukusebenza kwekhompyutha yakho. Olayini be-DPC.

Nge Inqubo ye-Lasso (mahhala), kuyilapho isofthiwe yakho ye-DJ ivuliwe (isb., i-Traktor), ithole bese usetha: Okubalulekile kwe-CPU “Ngaphezu Kokuvamile” kanye Nokubaluleka kwe-I/O “Okuphezulu”. Lokhu kuphusha ukucubungula kwayo ngaphambi kwezinqubo ezinomsindo futhi kunciphisa i-jitter epayipini. umsindo wesikhathi sangempela.

Ngezinsizakalo zomsindo ze-Windows, sesha i-“audiosrv” kanye ne-“AudioEndpointBuilder” (kokubili ngaphakathi kwe-svchost.exe), bese usetha Okubalulekile Kwazo kwe-CPU kokuthi “Phezulu” nokuthi I/O Okubalulekile kokuthi “Phezulu.” Futhi, ngaphansi kwe-CPU Affinity, khawula ukukhishwa kwazo kuma-cores ambalwa (isb., shiya kuphela amabili okugcina asebenzayo) ukuze uzinzise ama-caches futhi unciphise ukufuduka phakathi kwama-cores, okusiza bamba ama-buffers ngaphandle kweziqongo.

Ngaphansi kokuthi Isistimu > Izilungiselelo Ezithuthukisiwe > Ukusebenza, hlola "Ukuhlelwa Kwephrosesa: Amasevisi Angemuva." Ngomsindo wochwepheshe, le nketho ibeka phambili amasevisi esistimu aphatha i-I/O, ethuthukisa ukulethwa kwebhafa kuya abashayeli kanye nezindawo zokugcina.

Inkumbulo ebonakalayo: Ukufaka okulalelwayo okuzinikele nge-RAM eyanele, ungazama "Ayikho ifayela lokupheja" kuwo wonke amadrayivu; kunciphisa amaphutha ekhasi kudiski, kodwa kuyingozi uma ezinye izinhlelo zicela inkumbulo eningi. Uma ungaqiniseki, shiya ifayela lokupheja eliphethwe yi- isistimu esebenzayo.

I-PerfMon: Isistimu yokulinganisa ivimbela igxathu negxathu

I-PerfMon (I-Performance Monitor) ingarekhoda amamethrikhi e-Windows ngezikhathi ezithile futhi idwebe amagrafu. Finyelela kuyo ngeWindows + R, thayipha "perfmon" futhi yikho. Ingasetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuthi idiski, i-CPU, inkumbulo, inethiwekhi, noma izinqubo zifinyelela umkhawulo wazo futhi zingemuva kwe Ukubambezeleka kwe-DPC akukho ezingeni.

Izinto Nezibali: Idatha yamaqembu "Yento" (isb., i-PhysicalDisk), "I-Counter" ikala okuthile okuphathekayo (isb., \PhysicalDisk\% Isikhathi Sokungenzi lutho), kanye "Nezimo" ezihlukene zezinsiza (idiski ebonakalayo ngayinye noma umongo ngamunye we-CPU). Umehluko obalulekile: I-PhysicalDisk ifingqa ihadiwe, futhi i-LogicalDisk ilinganisa ukwahlukanisa; ku-LogicalDisk, uzobona izinhlamvu zokushayela noma amaphuzu okukhweza, futhi isilinganiso sazo _Ingqikithi sifingqa ukufinyelela kwabo bonke amadiski.

Ukuze ubhalise nge Logman Kusuka kukhonsoli (umlawuli), ungakha amasethi edatha ajwayelekile nawe-SQL. Londoloza amafayela ku-C:\perflogs noma kuphi lapho uthanda khona; lezi zibonelo ziyala ikhava yediski, inkumbulo, inethiwekhi, i-CPU, inqubo, nesistimu enesikhawu samasekhondi angu-5 kanye nosayizi oyindilinga:

I-Logman.exe dala i-counter Avamar -o "c:\\perflogs\\Emc-avamar.blg" -f bincirc -v mmddhhmm -max 250 -c "\\LogicalDisk(*)\\*" "\\Memory\\*" "\\Network Interface(*)\\*" (*)\ Paging*" (*)\ Paging File* "\\PhysicalDisk(*)\\*" "\\Processor(*)\\*" "\\Process(*)\\*" "\\Redirector\\*" "\\Server\\*" "\\System\\*" -yebo 00:00:05 Logman.exe qala i-Avamar stop Avamare.

Nge-SQL ezenzakalelayo: engeza izinto zokubala ethize ku-SQL Server futhi ulungise igama lesibonelo uma kungeyona ezenzakalelayo:

I-Logman dala i-counter Avamar_SQL_perf_log -f bin -c "\\Network Interface(*)\\*" "\\Redirector\\*" "\\Paging File(*)\\*" "\\Memory\\*" "\\PhysicalDisk(*)\\*" "\\LogicalDisk(\*)"S\verver\*" "\\Process(*)\\*" "\\Processor(*)\\*" "\\SQLServer:Databases(*)\\*" "\\SQLServer:Buffer Manager\\*" "\\SQLServer:Memory Manager\\*" "\\SQLServer:SQL Statistics\\*" -yebo 0x0 05 -yebo 000: C:\\SQL_Performance_Logs\\AvamarSQL_perf_log.blg

Izinto zokubala eziyinhloko namathreshold awusizo ekuxilongeni i-DPC ngokusebenzisa izinsiza zesistimu, nge imikhawulo eyinkomba:

• Inkumbulo: % Amabhayithi Azinikele Asetshenziswayo > 80% ukugcinwa kubonisa ifayela lekhasi elincane; Amabhayithi atholakalayo angaphansi kuka-5% we-RAM efakiwe ayakhathaza (futhi <1% inkinga eqondile); Ama-Byte azibophezele akufanele ahluke kakhulu (uma ikhula, ifayela lekhasi liyakhula); Iphuli ye-Pool Nonpaged Bytes > 80% ukugcinwa kungaholela emcimbini ka-2019; I-Pool Paged Bytes > 70% yobukhulu ingaholela kumcimbi ka-2020.
• Iprosesa: High % Isikhathi Sokuphazamisa sibonisa umsebenzi omningi wehadiwe; % DPC Isikhathi esingaphezu kwama-25% esisimeme siyaphenywa; % Isikhathi Esikhethekile sifanelekile <30% kumaseva ewebhu/wohlelo lokusebenza; % Isikhathi Sokuphrosesa >90% (1 CPU) noma >80% (multi) amaphuzu asimeme ukuze kugcwaliswe kanye nezipikha ezingaba khona ukubambezeleka komugqa.
• Igridi: Amaphakethe Atholiwe Alahliwe > 1 kanye Namaphakethe Amukelwe Amaphutha > 2 aphakamisa izinkinga zehadiwe noma ze-buffer yenethiwekhi; hlola abashayeli, izintambo kanye Izilungiselelo ze-NIC.
• Idiski: % Isikhathi sokungenzi lutho sikala ukungasebenzi kwangempela kwediski (okuphezulu kungcono). Isilinganiso. Ubude Bomugqa Wediski ngaphansi kokuphindwe kabili kwenombolo yokuphotha ngokuvamile kuwuphawu oluhle. Ukubambezeleka: Avg. Isekhondi leDiski/Funda (kuhle kakhulu < 8 ms; kuhle < 12 ms; okwamukelekayo < 20 ms; kubi > 20 ms) kanye ne-Avg. Isekhondi lediski/Bhala (kuhle kakhulu < 1 ms; kuhle < 2 ms; okwamukelekayo < 4 ms; kubi > 4 ms). I-Ideal Split I/Os eduze noziro (ukuhlukaniswa/usayizi womugqa); I-LogicalDisk % Isikhala Esikhululekile > 15% (kunconyiwe > 25%) okufanele sigwenywe ukuwohloka ngenxa yokugcwalisa.
• Inqubo: Ukubala Ukubamba (ukuvuza), Amabhayithi Abonakalayo (ukubhuka), Isethi Esebenzayo (izakhamuzi). Amanani akhulayo angalawuleki ahambisana ne-DPC akhuphuka uma inqubo idala iziphazamiso eziningi noma ukuvinjwa. Okuvame kakhulu i-I/O.

Ezinye izinto zokubala eziwusizo: Isistimu\Imisebenzi Yokulawula Ifayela/isekhondi kanye neSistimu\Imisebenzi Yedatha Yefayela/isekhondi ukuze ubone umsebenzi wefayela usuwonke, Ubude Besistimu Yephrosesa yolayini we-CPU, Iphrosesa\Iziphazamisi/isekhondi kanye Nephrosesa\DPCs Kulayini/isekhondi ukuze kulinganise ukuphazamiseka kanye nomthwalo we-DPC kukhompyutha. isikhathi sangempela.

Izilungiselelo ze-BIOS, amadivayisi, nezixwayiso

Ku-BIOS/UEFI, khubaza amadivayisi ongawasebenzisi (iDrayivu A yefa, imbobo yomkhiqizo, imbobo ehambisanayo, umsindo ohlanganisiwe uma usebenzisa isixhumi esibonakalayo sangaphandle), kanye nobuchwepheshe bokunyathela obufana no. I-Intel SpeedStepI-AMD K8 Cool & Quiet, Intel Virtualization Technology, noma C1E CPUs uma ungawadingi. Isexwayiso: Kumakhompyutha aphathekayo nama-PC asebenza ngokubonakalayo, lokhu kungase kungabi namphumela; izinguquko zedokhumenti futhi uzihlole ngazodwana.

Kusiphathi Sedivayisi, ungakhubaza izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezingadingekile (amakhadi omsindo ayimpinda, amashuna e-TV, amamodemu angaphakathi, izifundi zamakhadi, noma ama-adaptha e-Ethernet angasasebenzi), ngaphandle kokuthinta amadiski, izilawuli ze-IDE/ATAPI/SATA, igundane, ikhibhodi, noma i-GPU eyinhloko. Umsebenzisi oyedwa uxazulule ukubambezeleka okuphezulu kwe-DPC ngokukhubaza ifayela le- Isilawuli se-Microsoft High Definition Audio eyabelane nge-IRQ ne-NVIDIA GPU, igcina umsindo nomshayeli we-Realtek futhi ngaleyo ndlela iqeda ukungqubuzana.

Ku-NVIDIA, uma ukuchofoza kunyamalala lapho ucindezela ukusebenza okuphezulu futhi uvula uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-3D, usuvele unomkhondo: ukuphathwa kwamandla kube yimbangela. Ungakwazi ukunamathela kuleso silungiselelo esizinzile, ulungise kahle ngokuqhubekayo ngamashayeli ahlanzekile kanye nemodi ye-MSI, noma, uma kungasebenzi, cabanga nge-GPU ngaphandle kwezinqubomgomo ezinonya zokonga amandla ezibangela isimo oscillations.

Ngemva kokusebenzisa amathuluzi, izigebengu ezivamile, nokulungisa kahle, kuyacaca ukuthi ukulinganisa ukubambezeleka kwe-DPC ku-Windows nge-LatencyMon/PerfMon kanye nokukhuluma ngobuhlakani amandla, izishayeli, namadivayisi kwenza umehluko: lapho ubujwayele ukubona ama-spikes angu-1.000–2.500 µs (noma ngisho no-20.000), uzobona umsindo ohlanzekile, oluhlaza, nohlanzekile. ividiyo. Ibhonasi eyengeziwe ukuthi wazi kahle ukuthi yini oyilungisile nokuthi kungani isebenze, okuyindlela eqinisekile yokwenza gcina i Ukubambezeleka kwe-DPC kulawulwa esikhathini eside.