Ngaphandle kwakho, ukuphefumula kwamaselula ngeke kwenzeke.

Ezweni eliyinkimbinkimbi ye-cell biology, ukuphefumula kwamangqamuzana kuvezwa njengenqubo ebalulekile neyinkimbinkimbi evumela izinto eziphilayo ukuthi zithole amandla kuma-molecule ezakhi. Nokho, kunengxenye ebalulekile le nqubo engeke yenzeke ngaphandle kwayo. ngempumeleloNgaphandle kwakho, ukuphefumula kwamaselula ngeke kube khona. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola le nto ebalulekile ngokujula, umsebenzi wayo, kanye nomthelela wayo ekukhiqizweni kwe-ATP, imali yamandla yamaseli. Hlanganyela nathi kulolu hambo oluthakazelisayo oluya enhliziyweni yokuphefumula kwamangqamuzana, lapho sizothola khona ukuthi le ngxenye iyisisekelo kanjani ekusebenzeni kahle kwezinto eziphilayo.

Isingeniso

Isigaba somongo sibalulekile ekunikezeni abafundi ulwazi oluyisisekelo olufanelekile ngokuqukethwe kwesihloko. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola isihloko ngokuningiliziwe. ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nokuvela kwayo eminyakeni edlule. Sizohlaziya imiqondo eyisisekelo ye ukuhlakanipha okungekhona okwangempela, izicelo zayo zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo, kanye nezinselele namathuba eliwavezayo.

Ubuhlakani bokwenziwa buchazwa njengekhono lomshini lokulingisa imisebenzi yokuqonda yomuntu, njengokufunda nokucabanga. Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa bube nokukhula okunamandla, okuqhutshwa intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kanye nokutholakala kwenani elikhulu ledatha. Ngalo mqondo, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa sebuphenduke ithuluzi elinamandla lokuxazulula izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi, imisebenzi ezenzakalelayo, kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kuzo zonke izimboni eziningi.

Ukusetshenziswa kobuhlakani bokwenziwa kuhlukene futhi kuyahlukahluka kuye abasizi ababonakalayo Kusukela ku-Siri ne-Alexa kuya ezimotweni ezizimele kanye nokuxilongwa kwezokwelapha, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa busebenza emikhakheni efana nerobhothi, ezomnotho, ezokuphepha, kanye nokucubungula ulimi lwemvelo. Njengoba ubuhlakani bokwenziwa buqhubeka nokuthuthuka, umthelela wako kulindeleke ukuthi ube mkhulu kakhulu emikhakheni eyahlukene yomphakathi, kusukela kwezokwelapha nezezimali kuye kwezemfundo nezokuzijabulisa.

Ichaza ukuphefumula kwamaselula

Ukuphefumula kwamangqamuzana kuyinqubo ebalulekile yamangqamuzana, lapho amandla atholakala ku-oxidation yamangqamuzana ezinto eziphilayo. Le nqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yenzeka ku-mitochondria, ama-organelles abhekele ukukhiqizwa kwamandla esitokisini.

Kunezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko ekuphefumuleni kwamaselula: i-glycolysis, umjikelezo we-Krebs, kanye neketango lokuthutha lama-electron. Ku-glycolysis, i-molecule eyodwa ye-glucose ihlukaniswa ibe ama-molecule amabili e-pyruvate, ekhiqiza amandla ngendlela ye-ATP. I-pyruvate ingena kumjikelezo we-Krebs, lapho amaqembu e-acetyl egcwele i-oxidized, ekhulula i-carbon dioxide futhi akhiqize i-ATP eyengeziwe.

Ekugcineni, ochungechungeni lwezokuthutha lwe-electron, ama-electron akhiqizwa ezigabeni ezedlule adluliselwa ngochungechunge lwabathwali, akhulula amandla. lokho kusetshenziswa ukumpompa amaphrothoni asuka ku-matrix ye-mitochondrial aye esikhaleni se-intermembrane. Lokhu kunqwabelana kwama-proton kudala i-electrochemical gradient eshayela ukuhlanganiswa kwe-ATP. Kafushane, ukuphefumula kwamaselula kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi esebenza kahle kakhulu evumela amangqamuzana ukuba athole amandla adingekayo ukuze enze imisebenzi yawo. imisebenzi yayo okubalulekile.

Ukubaluleka kwenqubo yokusebenza kwamaselula

Inqubo ye-phosphorylation ye-oxidative: Isici esiyisisekelo somsebenzi wamaselula inqubo ye-oxidative phosphorylation. Le nqubo yenzeka ku-mitochondria, ama-organelles anesibopho sokukhiqiza amandla amaningi adingwa amangqamuzana ukuze enze imisebenzi yawo ebalulekile. Ngesikhathi se-phosphorylation ye-oxidative, ama-electron avela kuma-molecule okudla adluliswa ngochungechunge lwabathwali be-electron, akhiqize i-proton gradient eshayela ukuhlanganiswa kwe-ATP, i-molecule yamandla eyinhloko.

Ukulawulwa kwe-homeostasis yamaselula: Inqubo yokusebenza kwamangqamuzana nayo ibalulekile ekugcineni i-homeostasis, okungukuthi, ibhalansi yangaphakathi yeseli. Amaseli kufanele agcine indawo yangaphakathi engashintshi ukuze enze imisebenzi yawo. indlela ephumelelayoLokhu kuhilela ukulawula ukuhlangana kwama-ion nama-molecule ahlukene ngaphakathi kweseli, ukulawula i-pH ye-intracellular, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukukhishwa kwemfucuza okufanele.

Ukuphindaphinda kwe-DNA: Enye inqubo ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwamangqamuzana ukuphindaphinda kwe-DNA. Lesi yisigaba esibalulekile sokuhlukaniswa kwamangqamuzana, njengoba siqinisekisa ukuthi ingqamuzana ngayinye yendodakazi ithola ikhophi ephelele nenembile yezakhi zofuzo. Ngesikhathi sokuphindaphinda kwe-DNA, ama-molecule e-DNA ayaqaqa futhi ahlukanise, okuvumela ama-enzyme nezinye izakhi zamaselula ukuthi zikopishe ukulandelana kwesisekelo ukuze akhe imicu emisha, ehambisanayo. Le nqubo iqinisekisa ukudluliswa okufanele kolwazi lofuzo kusuka kwesinye isizukulwane kuya kwesinye.

Indima ebalulekile "lokhu" ekuphefumuleni kwamaselula

Ekuphefumuleni kwamangqamuzana, i-ubiquinone idlala indima ebalulekile njengenye yama-coenzymes abalulekile e-metabolism yamandla. Le coenzyme, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-coenzyme Q10 noma i-ubiquinone, idlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthweni kwama-electron ochungechungeni lokuphefumula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ubiquinone iyi-molecule ye-lipid etholakala kuwo wonke ulwelwesi lwamangqamuzana, okubonisa ukubaluleka kwayo ezigabeni ezihlukahlukene zokuphefumula kwamangqamuzana.

Enye yezindima eziyinhloko ze-"este" ekuphefumuleni kwamaselula ukusebenza njengesithwali se-electron ochungechungeni lwezokuthutha lwama-electron. Le nqubo yenzeka kulwelwesi olungaphakathi lwe-mitochondrial futhi ibalulekile ekukhiqizeni i-ATP, i-molecule yamandla eyinhloko kumaseli. "I-Este" yamukela ama-electron avela kuma-enzyme akhipha ama-substrates afana ne-glucose, bese iwahambisa ngochungechunge lwezokuthutha lwama-electron aye kuyi-enzyme yokugcina eketango, lapho ama-electron ahlangana nomoya-mpilo ukuze akhe amanzi.

Ngaphezu kwendima yayo ekuthuthweni kwe-electron, i-phosphate nayo idlala indima ebalulekile kulwelwesi lwangaphakathi lwe-mitochondrial. Njenge-molecule ye-lipid, i-phosphate ibamba iqhaza ekuhleleni nasekuhleleni ulwelwesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isebenza njenge-antioxidant, isiza ukuvikela amangqamuzana ekucindezelekeni kwe-oxidative okubangelwa ama-radicals mahhala. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ku-mitochondria, njengoba lawa ma-organelles anesibopho ngokuyinhloko sokukhiqizwa kwama-radicals mahhala ngesikhathi sokuphefumula kwamaselula.

Izingxenye ezibalulekile zokuphumelela kokuphefumula kwamaselula

Ukuphefumula kwamaselula kuyinqubo ebalulekile yokuphila kwamangqamuzana, njengoba kuwavumela ukuba athole amandla kushukela nezinye izakhi. Ukuze le nqubo isebenze ngempumelelo, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisana kwezingxenye ezibalulekile ezimbalwa ezisebenza ndawonye.

1. Ulwelwesi lweseli: Ulwelwesi lwamangqamuzana luyingxenye yokuqala edingekayo ukuze amangqamuzana aphefumule. Lesi sakhiwo sihlukanisa ingaphakathi lengqamuzana nendawo yangaphandle, ngaleyo ndlela kwakheka indawo efanelekile yokuthi izinqubo ze-metabolic zenzeke. I-membrane yeseli nayo idlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthweni kwezakhi kanye nemikhiqizo engcolile edingekayo ekuphefumuleni kwamaselula.

2. I-Mitochondria: I-Mitochondria ama-organelles aqhuba ukuphefumula kwamangqamuzana amaningi. Lezi zakhiwo, ezikhona ku-cytoplasm yamaseli, zine-membrane yangaphakathi egoqeke kakhulu, eyandisa indawo yokukhiqiza amandla. I-Mitochondria yindawo lapho ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okuphefumula kwamaselula, okufana nomjikelezo we-Krebs kanye ne-oxidative phosphorylation, kwenzeka.

3. I-ATP: I-Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) iyingqamuzana ebalulekile yokuphefumula kwamangqamuzana. Iwumthombo wamandla asetshenziswa amaseli ukwenza izinqubo ezihlukahlukene zezinto eziphilayo. Ngesikhathi sokuphefumula kwamangqamuzana, i-glucose iphulwa phambi komoya-mpilo ukuze kukhiqizwe i-ATP nge-oxidative phosphorylation. I-ATP igcinwa ngamanani amancane kumaseli futhi ikhishwe lapho idingeka ekusebenzeni kwamaselula.

Kafushane, ukuphumelela kokuphefumula kwamaselula kuncike ekusebenzelaneni kwezingxenye ezibalulekile ezimbalwa, njengolwelwesi lweseli, i-mitochondria, ne-ATP. Lezi zakhi zisebenza ndawonye ukuze zinikeze amangqamuzana amandla awadingayo ukuze enze imisebenzi yawo ebalulekile.

Izidingo ezibalulekile "zempumalanga" ekuphefumuleni kwamaselula

Ekuphefumuleni kwamangqamuzana, "impumalanga" ibhekisela enqubweni ethile eyenzeka kulwelwesi lwe-mitochondrial olungaphakathi, olubizwa ngokuthi iketango lokuthutha le-electron. Le nqubo ibalulekile ekukhiqizeni amandla adingekayo ngendlela ye-ATP. Ukuze "impumalanga" ekuphefumuleni kwamaselula kwenzeke kahle, izidingo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile kufanele kuhlangatshezwane nazo:

1. I-mitochondria esebenzayo: I-mitochondria kufanele ibe isesimweni esihle futhi bakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yabo ngendlela efanele. Lokhu kusho ukuba nolwelwesi lwangaphakathi olungaguquki kanye ne-mitochondrial matrix enama-enzyme asebenzayo wokusabela okwenzeka "empumalanga".

2. Ukuba khona kwe-oxygen: Inqubo "yasempumalanga" ekuphefumuleni kwamaselula idinga umoya-mpilo njengomamukeli wokugcina we-electron. Ngaphandle komoyampilo okhona, iketango lokuthutha i-electron alikwazi ukusebenza kahle, futhi ama-electron anganqwabelana, okubangele ukuvinjelwa ekukhiqizeni kwe-ATP.

3. Abathwali be-electron abafanelekile: Ochungechungeni lwezokuthutha lwe-electron, ama-protein complexes athile anesibopho sokuthutha ama-electron kulwelwesi lwangaphakathi lwe-mitochondrial. Lezi zakhiwo kufanele zibe khona ngamanani afanele futhi zibe sesimweni sokusebenza ukuze le nqubo yenzeke kahle.

Ukubaluleka kokugcina amazinga anele "lokhu"

Ukugcina impilo enhle, kubalulekile ukugcina amazinga anele ale nto. Le nto ibalulekile ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile komzimba futhi idlala indima ebalulekile emisebenzini ehlukahlukene yomzimba. Ngezansi ezinye izizathu zokuthi kungani ukugcinwa kwamazinga anele ale nto kubaluleke kangaka:

1. Ukulawulwa kwemetabolism: Lokhu kudlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni imetabolism. Kuyasiza ukuguqula ukudla kube amandla, okubalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwawo wonke amangqamuzana omzimba. Ukugcina amazinga anele alokhu kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-metabolism isebenza kahle, okungavimbela ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic njengokukhuluphala nesifo sikashukela.

2. Ukwesekwa kwamasosha omzimba: I-Ester ibalulekile kumasosha omzimba anempilo. Kuyasiza ukulawula ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana omzimba omzimba, njengama-lymphocyte, anesibopho sokulwa nezifo nezifo. Amazinga anele e-ester asiza ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba futhi andise ukumelana nezifo kanye namagciwane.

3. Ukugcina impilo yamathambo: Le mineral iyadingeka ukuze kugcinwe impilo yamathambo. Kuyasiza ekumunceni nasekufakeni i-calcium metabolism, imineral ebalulekile yamandla amathambo kanye nokuminyana. Ukugcina amazinga anele ale mineral kungavimbela ukulahleka kwamathambo okuhlobene neminyaka futhi kunciphise ingozi ye-osteoporosis kanye nokuphuka kwamathambo.

Imiphumela yokungabikho "kwalokhu" ekuphefumuleni kwamaselula

Ukungabikho kwale enzyme ekuphefumuleni kwamaselula kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu ekusebenzeni kahle komzimba. Ngezansi, sizobalula eminye yemiphumela eyinhloko evela kulokhu kuntula:

1. Ukuncipha kokukhiqizwa kwamandla: Le nhlanganisela idlala indima ebalulekile ochungechungeni lokuphefumula, olunesibopho sokukhiqiza amandla amaningi amakhemikhali adingwa umzimba wethu. Ngaphandle kwale ngxenye, kuba nokuncipha kokukhiqizwa kwe-adenosine triphosphate (ATP), i-molecule enikeza amandla kuyo yonke imisebenzi yamaselula. Lokhu kungaholela ekubeni nomuzwa wokukhathala njalo kanye nokusebenza kabi komzimba.

2. Ukunqwabelana kwezinto ezinobuthi: Le nhlanganisela futhi idlala indima ekuqedeni imikhiqizo yemfucuza enobuthi ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi se-metabolism yamaselula. Ngaphandle kwayo, lezi zinto azikwazi ukuguqulwa kahle futhi ziqedwe, okungaholela ekwakhekeni kobuthi kumaseli. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kungathinta kakhulu impilo, njengoba izinto ezinobuthi zingalimaza izakhiwo zamangqamuzana futhi zibangele izifo ezihlukahlukene.

3. Izinguquko ekuhlanganisweni kwezingxenye zamaselula: Le nto ibalulekile ekuhlanganisweni kwe-lipids namaprotheni, izakhi eziyisisekelo ekusebenzeni kahle kwamaseli. Ukungabikho kwayo kungashintsha ukuhlanganiswa kwalezi zingxenye, okungase kubangele ukungasebenzi kahle kwezakhiwo ezihlukahlukene zamaselula. Lokhu kungathinta izinhlelo ezahlukene umzimba, ezifana nezinzwa, inhliziyo, noma amasosha omzimba, phakathi kwabanye.

Izinto ezithinta ukutholakala "kwalokhu"

Ukutholakala "kwalokhu" kungase kuthinteke izici ezimbalwa ezithonya ukufinyeleleka nokusetshenziswa kwayo. Ngezansi ezinye zezici ezifanele kakhulu okufanele zicatshangelwe:

1. Isidingo nokuthandwa Inombolo yabasebenzisi abacela "lokhu" ingaba nomthelela ngokuqondile ekutholakaleni kwayo. Ukufunwa okuphezulu nokuduma kungathinta ukutholakala kwayo. emaketheUkufinyelela "lokhu" cishe kuzoba nomkhawulo futhi izinsiza ezengeziwe zizodingeka ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zabasebenzisi.

2. Umthamo wesitoreji Inani "lalokhu" elitholakalayo likhawulelwe umthamo wokulondoloza otholakalayo. Uma indawo ebonakalayo noma yedijithali eyabelwe ukugcina "lokhu" ilinganiselwe, ukutholakala kwayo kungase kube sengozini, futhi kungase kudingeke ukuthi kusungulwe uhlelo lwezinto eziza kuqala ukuze zisetshenziswe.

3. Isondlo nezibuyekezo - Ukutholakala "kwalokhu" kungase kuhlobane nokugcinwa kwayo kanye nokuqaliswa kwezibuyekezo. Uma "lokhu" kudinga ukunakekelwa njalo noma ukubuyekezwa ngezikhathi ezithile, ukutholakala kwakho kungase kuthinteke phakathi nalezi zinqubo, njengoba kungase kudingeke ukukhubaza ukufinyelela okwesikhashana ukuze wenze imisebenzi ehambisanayo.

Indlela yokuthuthukisa ukuba khona "kwalokhu" ekuphefumuleni kwamaselula

Ukuphefumula kwamaselula kuyinqubo ebalulekile ukuze kuphile izinto eziphilayo, futhi esinye sezici ezibalulekile kule nqubo umoya-mpilo. Nakuba lesi sakhi sitholakala ngobuningi ngokwemveloKubalulekile ukukhulisa ubukhona bayo ekuphefumuleni kwamaselula ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kwamaseli ethu.

Ukwandisa ubukhona be "este" ekuphefumuleni kwamaselula, kubalulekile ukulandela amasu namasu athile. Ngezansi kukhona izincomo:

• Yidla ukudla okunothe "kulokhu": Enye indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuba khona okwanele komoyampilo ekuphefumuleni kwamangqamuzana ukudla. Ukudla ukudla okunothe kulesi sici, njengezithelo nemifino emisha, kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukutholakala komoyampilo njalo kumaseli ethu.
• Yenza ukuvivinya umzimba njalo: Umsebenzi womzimba uvuselela ukuphefumula kwamangqamuzana futhi ukhuthaze ukwanda kwesidingo somoya-mpilo. Ngokuzivocavoca njalo, sisiza ukukhulisa ubukhona bawo kumaseli ethu, okufaka isandla ekusebenzeni okungcono komzimba wonke.
• Gwema izici ezinciphisa ukuba khona "kwalokhu": Izinto ezimbalwa zinganciphisa ukuba khona kwe-ester ekuphefumuleni kweselula, njengokuxineka, ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile, nokubhema. Ukugwema lezi zici nokugcina indlela yokuphila enempilo kungasiza ukugcina amazinga e-ester elungile kumaseli ethu.

Sengiphetha, ukwenza ngcono ukuba khona kwalesi sakhi ekuphefumuleni kwamaselula kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kwamaseli ethu. Ngokudla okunomsoco, ukuvivinya umzimba njalo, kanye nokugwema izici ezinciphisa ukuba khona kwakho, singaba nesandla ekugcineni ukulinganisela okuhle futhi sikhuthaze impilo yethu yonke.

Izincomo zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo yeselula

Enye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo yeselula ukusebenzisa izinsiza zamandla ezisetshenziswayo. Ukuze kuzuzwe lokhu, kunconywa ukusebenzisa izindlela zokonga amandla, njengokusebenzisa imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo kanye nokusebenzisa amathuluzi nezinqubo ezonga amandla kakhudlwana. Kubalulekile futhi ukuqapha ukusetshenziswa kwamandla njalo nokwenza izinguquko ngokusekelwe kudatha eqoqiwe.

Esinye isincomo esibalulekile ukwenza ngcono izinqubo zokukhiqiza nezokusebenza. Lokhu kubandakanya ukuhlola njalo ukusebenza kanye nokufuna izindlela zokuthuthukisa ukukhiqiza, ukunciphisa ukumosha, kanye nokuthuthukisa izikhathi zokuphendula. Ukufeza lokhu, kuyasiza ukusebenzisa amasu anjengokuzenzakalela kwenqubo, ukwakheka kwezinhlelo ezididiyelwe, kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obuphambili.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcina ukugxila kwikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina kubalulekile. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle okuphelele enqubweni yeseli, kuyanconywa ukuthi kusetshenziswe amasistimu okulawula ikhwalithi asebenzayo, okuhlanganisa ukuhlola okuphelele, ukuqinisekiswa kwamazinga, nokuqapha okuqhubekayo. Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kanye nempendulo yekhasimende kubalulekile ekuhlonzeni izindawo okufanele zithuthukiswe nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kweseli.

Iziphetho kanye nokucatshangelwa kokugcina

Kafushane, ngemva kokuhlaziya ngokucophelela idatha nocwaningo olwethulwe kulolu cwaningo, kungafinyelelwa iziphetho ezibalulekile. Okutholakele okubalulekile kuvezwe ngezansi:

1. Ukubaluleka kwesampula ekhethiwe: Ukuthola imiphumela evumelekile nemele abantu, kubalulekile ukuba nesampula elanele nelimele abantu okuhlosiwe. Kulolu cwaningo, kusetshenziswe indlela yokusampula eqinile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufakwa kwamaqembu abantu abahlukahlukene kanye nezici ezifanele. Lokhu kuvumele imiphumela ethembeke kakhudlwana futhi ejwayelekile.

2. Imiphumela encomekayo: Idatha eqoqiwe yembule imiphumela emangalisayo esekela imibono yokuqala kanye nezimangalo eziyisisekelo zalolu cwaningo. Le miphumela iphakamisa ukuthi okuguquguqukayo okuhlaziywe kuhlobene eduze futhi kubonisa isidingo socwaningo olwengeziwe kulo mkhakha ukuze uthole ukuqonda okuphelele okwengeziwe kwezenzakalo ezifundwayo.

3. Okucatshangwayo ngocwaningo lwangomuso: Ngaphandle kokuzuzwa kwalolu cwaningo, kutholwe ukulinganiselwa okuthile okungabhekwa ocwaningweni oluzayo. Isibonelo, isikhathi esabelwe ukuqoqwa kwedatha besingase sibe side ukuze kwandiswe inani lolwazi olurekhodiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi izifundo ezengeziwe zenziwe kusetshenziswa amathuluzi okuhlaziya ahlukene ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokwesekwa kwemiphumela etholiwe futhi kunikeze umbono obanzi.

Imibuzo Nezimpendulo

Q: Kusho ukuthini ukuthi "Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ukuphefumula kwamaselula ngeke kwenzeke"?
IMP: Lesi sitatimende sisho ukubaluleka kwento ethile noma inqubo ukuze ukuphefumula kwamaselula kwenzeke kahle.

Q: Iyiphi leyo nto ebalulekile noma inqubo yokuphefumula kwamaselula?
IMP: Into ebalulekile eshiwo esitatimendeni iyadingeka ukuze unike amandla inqubo yokuphefumula kwamaselula, kodwa ayicacisiwe embuzweni. Kuzodingeka ubheke i-athikili noma umongo ukuze uthole ulwazi mayelana nesici noma inqubo okuxoxwa ngayo.

Umbuzo: Kuyini ukuphefumula kwamaselula?
A: Ukuphefumula kwamaselula kuyinqubo amangqamuzana athola ngayo amandla kushukela nezinye izinhlanganisela eziphilayo. Ihlanganisa izigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko: i-glycolysis, umjikelezo we-Krebs, kanye neketango lezokuthutha lama-electron.

Umbuzo: Kuyini ukubaluleka kokuphefumula kwamaselula?
A: Ukuphefumula kweselula kubalulekile ukuze uphile nokusebenza kwamaseli. Inikeza amandla adingekayo ukwenza yonke imisebenzi yamangqamuzana, okuhlanganisa ukukhula, ukukhiqiza, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwama-molecule.

Q: Buyini ubudlelwano phakathi kwalesi sici noma inqubo kanye nokuphefumula kwamaselula?
IMP: Ngaphandle kwale elementi noma inqubo eshiwo esitatimendeni sokuqala, ukuphefumula kweselula akukwazanga ukwenziwa kahle. Ukuntuleka kwalesi sici esibalulekile kungaphazamisa izinyathelo ezihlukahlukene zenqubo yokukhiqiza amandla, kuvimbele noma kuvimbele ukukhiqizwa kwe-ATP, i-molecule yamandla esetshenziswa amaseli.

Q: Ingabe zikhona ezinye izindlela noma esikhundleni sale elementi noma inqubo ekuphefumuleni kwamaselula?
IMP: Ngokuya ngento ethile noma inqubo okubhekiselwe kuyo ku-athikili, kungase kube nezinye izindlela noma esikhundleni esivumela ukuphefumula kwamaselula ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi isitatimende sokuqala sisho ukuthi ngaphandle kwalesi sici, ukuphefumula kwamaselula akwenzeki, okusho ukuthi ukungabi khona kwayo kungaba nomthelela omkhulu noma ongemuhle kule nqubo.

Ekuphetheni

Ngamafuphi, kuyacaca ukuthi ukuphefumula kwamangqamuzana akukwazi ukwenzeka ngaphandle kwale molekyuli ebalulekile. Iqhaza layo elibalulekile ohlelweni lokuthola amandla ngokuphefumula kwe-aerobic libonisa ukubaluleka kwayo empilweni yazo zonke izinto eziphilayo. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izici ezihlukahlukene zingathinta ukusebenza kwayo okufanele, njengokuba khona kwama-inhibitors. Ukutadisha indima yale molecule ekuphefumuleni kwamangqamuzana ngokuningiliziwe kunganikeza ukuqonda okusha namathuba okubhekana nezifo ezihlukahlukene noma ukungasebenzi okuhlobene nale nqubo ebalulekile. Ukuqonda kahle ukuthi ukuphefumula kwamangqamuzana kusebenza kanjani kanye nezingxenye zako ezibalulekile kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ocwaningweni lwesayensi nasekuthuthukisweni kwezindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzayo. Ngakho-ke, lena ngokungangabazeki indawo yocwaningo eqhubeka nokumangaza futhi ivula iminyango emisha yokuqonda ibhayoloji yethu yamaselula.