Ungakuthola kanjani ukwehluleka kwe-SSD ngemiyalo ethuthukisiwe ye-SMART

Uma ukhathazekile ngempilo yesitoreji sakho, usendaweni efanele: ne Ubuchwepheshe be-SMART Ungalindela ukwehluleka okubalulekile kwe-SSD ne-HDD futhi ulondoloze idatha yakho kusenesikhathi. Lesi sihloko siyachaza. Ungawabona kanjani amaphutha ku-SSD yakho usebenzisa imiyalo ye-SMART.

Ngaphandle kwelukuluku nje, ukuqapha isimo sediski kuyisihluthulelo qinisekisa ukutholakala kolwazi futhi uhlele umthamo kanye nokusebenza. I-hard drive ehluleka ngokungalindelekile ingaphazamisa izinsizakalo, yonakalise isithunzi sakho, futhi ikubize imali. Futhi nakuba i-SSD ingenzi umsindo omningi njenge-HDD, izimpawu zayo zikhona: isivinini sehla, amaphutha okuthayipha noma ukulahleka kwedatha ngenxa yokuguga kweseli.

Yini i-SMART nokuthi yini engakwazi (futhi engakwazi) ukuyenza

I-SMART isifinyezo esithi Ukuziqapha, Ukuhlaziya kanye Nobuchwepheshe BokubikaUchungechunge lwezinqubo ku-firmware luqapha okuguquguqukayo kwediski yangaphakathi futhi lukhiphe izexwayiso lapho zithola ubungozi bokwehluleka. Umgomo wabo ucacile: ukukunikeza isikhathi sokulondoloza idatha yakho futhi ubuyisele idrayivu ngaphambi kokuthi kugadle inhlekelele.

Ukuze uyisebenzise, ​​​​kudingeka ukuthi i- ibhodi lomama (BIOS/UEFI) futhi idrayivu ngokwayo iyasekela futhi ine-SMART enikwe amandla. Namuhla itholakala emhlabeni wonke ku-SATA, SAS, SCSI kanye ne-NVMe, futhi izinhlelo zokusebenza zesimanje zisebenzisana nayo ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

Amapharamitha ayilinganisayo ahlanganisa konke: izinga lokushisa, imikhakha eyabelwe kabusha, amaphutha e-CRCIsikhathi sokujikeleza kwenjini, amaphutha angalungiseki okufunda/okubhala, ukubalwa komkhakha okulindile, isivinini sokufuna, nezinye izibaluli eziningi. Umkhiqizi ngamunye uchaza futhi alinganise amathebula awo, anemibundu namanani amukelekayo.

Okubalulekile: I-SMART ayenzi imilingo. Ikuxwayisa kuphela. ukwehluleka okungabikezelwa (ukugqoka, izinkinga zemishini eziqhubekayo, amabhlogo e-NAND awonakele). Ngeke ilindele imicimbi engazelelwe njengokukhuphuka kwamandla noma ukulimala kwe-elekthronikhi kungazelelwe. Ucwaningo olufana nalolo lwe-Google kanye ne-Backblaze lubonisa ukuthi ezinye izici ziwusizo, kodwa Abafaki ukwehluleka okungu-100%..

I-Linux: i-smartmontools, imiyalo eyinhloko nezivivinyo

Ku-Linux, iphakethe le-smartmontools lifaka izingxenye ezimbili: smartctl (ithuluzi le-console lemibuzo nezivivinyo) kanye smartd (i-daemon eqapha kanye nezixwayiso nge-syslog noma i-imeyili). Kumahhala futhi kuyahambisana I-SATA, i-SCSI, i-SAS ne-NVMe.

Ukufakwa (isibonelo i-Debian/Ubuntu): sudo apt install smartmontoolsKokunye ukusatshalaliswa, isebenzisa umphathi ohambisanayo; ukutholakala ku-Linux naku-BSD kusabalele futhi Akufanele kukubangele izinkinga..

Okokuqala thola amayunithi. Ungabala imihlangano nge df -h noma uhlonze amadiski kanye nokwahlukanisa ngawo sudo fdisk -lKhumbula: i-smartctl isebenza kudivayisi, hhayi ekuhlukaniseni; okungukuthi, ku /dev/sdX noma /dev/nvmeXnY.

Imiyalo ebalulekile nge-smartctl ye qala ukusebenza ne-SMART kudiski ethile:

• Hlola ukusekela kwe-SMART nesimo: sudo smartctl -i /dev/sda
• Yenza kusebenze i-SMART Uma ikhutshaziwe: sudo smartctl -s on /dev/sda
• Buka zonke izibaluli namalogi: sudo smartctl -a /dev/sda
• Ukuzihlola okufushane (ngokushesha): sudo smartctl -t short /dev/sda
• Ukuzihlola okude (okuphelele): sudo smartctl -t long /dev/sda
• Isifinyezo Sezempilo: sudo smartctl -H /dev/sda

Hlela ukuhlolwa okufushane masonto onke kanye nokuhlolwa okude njalo ngenyanga nge-cron to nciphisa umthelela futhi ube nedatha yomlandoYenza izivivinyo ekuseni kakhulu noma ngezikhathi zomthwalo ophansi; ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okude uzoqaphela ukwanda kwe-latency kanye nokwehla kwe-IOPS.

Izimiso zokuqamba idivayisi ku-Linux

Kuye ngesilawuli nesixhumi esibonakalayo, uzobona izindlela ezihlukene. Ezinye izibonelo ezijwayelekile zokubona amadrayivu nezilawuli: /dev/sd, /dev/nvmen, /dev/sg*Ngokungeziwe emizileni ethile ku-3ware noma izilawuli ze-HP (cciss/hpsa), ukuqonda umzila oqondile kuvimbela hlaziya idivayisi engalungile.

Amaphutha ajwayelekile namalogi (ATA/SCSI/NVMe)

I-SMART igcina amalogu amaphutha akamuva futhi iwabonisa ngendlela ekhokhiwe. I-ATA Uzobona amaphutha amahlanu okugcina anezimo namakhodi; phakathi SCSI Izibali zokwehluleka ukufunda, ukubhala, nokuqinisekisa zifakwe ohlwini; phakathi I-NVMe Okufakiwe kwelogi okunephutha kuyaphrintwa (ngokuzenzakalelayo okuyi-16 kwakamuva kakhulu).

Izifinyezo ezijwayelekile emiphumeleni yephutha (iwusizo ekuxilongweni okusheshayo): ABRT, AMNF, CCTO, EOM, ICRC, IDNF, MC, MCR, NM, TK0NF, UNC, WPUma zivela ngokuphindaphindiwe, kukhona a inkinga ngokomzimba noma yokuxhumana ukuphenya.

Kubalulekile futhi ukukhomba izibaluli ezibucayi nge-ID, ezivame ukuhlotshaniswa nokwehluleka okuseduze: 05, 10, 183, 184, 188, 196, 197, 198, 201, 230Ukwanda okuqhubekayo kunoma iyiphi yazo kuwuphawu olubi.

Izimfanelo ezi-SMART: uzifunda kanjani nokuthi yiziphi okufanele uzinake

Izinhlelo zibonisa ipharamitha ngayinye enezinkambu ezimbalwa. Ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa Isihlonzi (1-250), i-Threshold, Value, Imbi kakhulu, kanye nedatha eluhlaza, ngaphezu kwamafulegi (noma ngabe abalulekile, ngokwezibalo, njll.). Inani elijwayelekile liqala phezulu futhi iyancipha ngokusetshenziswaUkweqa umkhawulo kubangela isexwayiso.

Phakathi kwezici eziwusizo kakhulu zokuthola ukuguga noma ukulimala, bheka: I-Relocated_Sector_Ct (imikhakha eyabelwe kabusha), Umkhakha_Olindile_wamanje (imikhakha elindile engazinzile), Okungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi_Akulungiseki (amaphutha ngaphandle kokulungiswa okungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi), I-Relocated_Event_Count (imicimbi yokunikezwa kabusha) futhi, ku-HDD, Spin_Retry_Count (ukuqala kwenjini kuyazama futhi). Lezi zibalulekile kuma-SSD. Gqoka I-Level Count y Ukwehluleka Kohlelo/Ukusula.

Izinga lokushisa liyimpikiswano, kodwa ukugcina iyunithi ingezansi 60 ° C Lokhu kunciphisa amathuba okuba namaphutha. Hlola ukugeleza komoya kwe-chassis futhi, uma kudingeka, engeza ama-heatsink e-NVMe kumadrayivu e-M.2. gwema ukugobhoza nokuwohloka.

Windows: WMIC, PowerShell kanye CHKDSK

Ukuze uhlole ngokushesha izinhlelo zeWindows ungasebenzisa ikhonsoli yakudala nayo I-WMIC noma i-PowerShell, ngaphandle kokufaka noma yini eyengeziwe, bese wengeza ngethuluzi elibanzi le-SMART uma kudingeka.

Nge-Command Prompt njengomlawuli, sebenzisa: wmic diskdrive get model, statusUma ibuya KULUNGILE, isimo se-SMART silungile; uma ubona I-Pred FailKunamapharamitha abalulekile futhi abalulekile Yenza ikhophi bese ucabanga ngokufaka esikhundleni..

Ku-PowerShell, qala njengomlawuli futhi uqalise: Get-PhysicalDisk | Select-Object MediaType, Size, SerialNumber, HealthStatus. Inkambu Isimo Sezempilo izokukhombisa Okunempilo, Isexwayiso noma Okungenampilo, okuwusizo thola izinkinga lapho uthi shazi.

Ukuze uhlole futhi ulungise amaphutha esistimu yefayela anengqondo, sebenzisa i-CHKDSK. Qalisa umyalo olandelayo kukhonsoli ngamalungelo aphakeme: chkdsk C: /f /r /x ukuxazulula amaphutha, ukuthola imikhakha emibi, nokuqaqa idrayivu uma kunesidingo; uma udinga umhlahlandlela ukuze Lungisa iWindows ngemva kwegciwane eliyingoziKuhlole manje. Ku-NTFS, ungasebenzisa chkdsk /scan ukuhlaziya ku-inthanethi.

I-macOS: I-Disk Utility kanye netheminali

Ku-Mac, unezindlela ezimbili ezilula kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Isisetshenziswa seDiski (Izinhlelo zokusebenza > Izinsiza): Khetha idrayivu ebonakalayo bese ucindezela Insiza yezimo eziphuthumayo ukulungisa uhlelo lwefayela; ngaphezu kwalokho, uzobona i- Isimo se-SMART njengokuthi Kuqinisekisiwe noma Kwehlulekile.

Uma ukhetha i-Terminal, sebenzisa diskutil info /Volumes/NombreDeTuDisco futhi ubheke umugqa we Isimo se-SMART. Uma Okuqinisekisiwe kufakwe ohlwini, phefumula; kodwa, isipele ngokushesha futhi ucabange ukwenza ushintsho.

I-Linux eyengeziwe: dmesg, /sys kanye ne-GUI ene-GSmartControl

Ngokungeziwe ku-smartctl, kuyasiza ukubheka i-kernel log yanoma yikuphi okulandelayo: Amaphutha e-I/O noma ukuphela kwesikhathi kwesilawuli. Isihlungi esisheshayo singaba: dmesg | grep -i errorfuthi igcwalise ngamatemu afana nalawa failed o timeout.

Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyisisekelo yedivayisi ungafunda izindlela zesistimu njenge /sys/block/sdX/device/model noma izibalo ze /sys/block/sdX/statIwusizo uma ufuna qinisekisa umsebenzi kanye nemodeli ngaphandle kwamathuluzi angaphandle.

Uma ukhetha isixhumi esibonakalayo esinesithombe, faka I-GSmartControl (Ngokwesibonelo: sudo apt install -y gsmartcontrol) bese uyiqhuba ngamalungelo omlawuli. Ikuvumela ukuthi Buka izibaluli, sebenzisa izivivinyo ezimfushane/ezide, nemibiko yokuthekelisa ngokuchofoza izinkinobho ezimbalwa.

Amathuluzi anconyiwe ezinkampani zangaphandle

Ukuze udlulele ngale kwezisekelo lapho uthola amaphutha ku-SSD yakho ngemiyalo ye-SMART, unezinsiza ezidume kakhulu:

• I-CrystalDiskInfo (I-Windows) imahhala, icacile futhi iyahambisana ne-SATA yangaphakathi nengaphandle kanye ne-NVMe; ibonisa izibaluli ze-SMART, amazinga okushisa namahora okusetshenziswa.
• I-HD Tune Yengeza amamephu womkhakha kanye nokuhlolwa kwesivinini (inenguqulo ekhokhelwayo).
• I-Hard Disk Sentinel Igxile ekuqapheni okuqhubekayo, izexwayiso ezithuthukisiwe nemibiko; inguqulo yayo yamahhala inomkhawulo kodwa inamandla kakhulu ekuhumusheni i-SMART.
• I-GSmartControl Kumahhala futhi ikuvumela ukuthi wenze izivivinyo futhi ubuke izibaluli nge-graphic interface.

Izimpawu zokuthi i-SSD noma i-HDD yakho isemilenzeni yayo yokugcina

Faka kuhlu izimpawu ezijwayelekile: Ukuqala okuhamba kancane, ukuvalwa okungalindelekile, izikrini zokufa eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (i-BSoD noma i-kernel panic)Amafayela angeke avuleke noma onakaliswe, angakwazi ukufaka noma ukubuyekeza, futhi ashayela lokho zinyamalale ohlelweni noma i-BIOS/UEFI.

Kuma-HDD, imisindo yemishini (ukuchofoza, ukukhala, ukubhuza) kuwuphawu olubi. Kuma-SSD, bheka amaphutha okubhala. amaphutha lapho ukhushulwa amavolumu kanye nokwenyuka kwemikhakha eyabelwe kabusha noma ukubalwa kokuncipha. Uma izinkinga zenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile, ungazitheli ngabandayo: Yenza ikhophi manje.

Ukuthenga okuhlakaniphile: okufanele ukubheke lapho ukhetha amarekhodi amasha

Yazisa amabhrendi anegama elihle (Seagate, WD, Toshiba, Samsung), the uhlobo lweyunithi (I-SSD yesivinini, i-HDD yomthamo), isixhumi esibonakalayo (SATA, NVMe ku-M.2/PCIe), inqolobane, kanye nokuqeda ukushisa. amandla Kutuswa ukuthi ucabangele ngokweqile ngaphezu kwezidingo zakho zangempela.

Hlola ukuqina okumenyezelwe (i-TBW ku-SSD, amawaranti, i-MTBF ngokuqapha), i ukusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe (Amamodeli e-NAS avame ukwenza futhi aphathe i-RAID kangcono) kanye nesabelomali: kwesinye isikhathi ukukhokha kancane kukunikeza ukuthula kwengqondo nokuphila okuwusizo.

Imikhawulo ye-SMART: umongo nezifundo

I-SMART iwusizo kodwa ayiphelele: kukhona ukungahambisani phakathi kwabakhiqizi Ezincazelweni nasekumisweni, ezinye izibaluli zibaluleke kakhulu (zabelwe kabusha, zilindile, azilungiseki), kuyilapho ezinye zinikela kancane. U-backblaze ukhomba lokho kuphela izimfanelo ezimbalwa Ihambisana kahle nokwehluleka, futhi i-Google ibonise amacala ukwehluleka ngaphandle kwesaziso sangaphambili.

Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Kusho ukuthi i-SMART isiza ukulindela izinkinga eziningi, kodwa isu lakho kufanele lihlangane ukuqapha, ukuphindaphinda (i-RAID), ama-backups kanye nokululama. Ungamane uthembele irobhothi eliluhlaza.

Uma ithuluzi noma uhlelo lubika Isexwayiso/Ukwehluleka Okubikezelwayo/Okungenampilo1) Kopisha ngangokunokwenzeka manje, 2) Qinisekisa nenye insiza ukuze uqinisekise, 3) Hlela ukushintshwa ngokusheshaNgemuva kokwenza ushintsho, hlola i-RAID uma kunesidingo ukuze uyigweme izingozi zokwakha kabusha.

Ukunamathela ezintweni ezibalulekile kuyasiza: I-SMART ikuxwayisa ngezinkinga eziningi ezizayo.Kodwa akubona bonke; indlela ehlakaniphile yokusebenza iwukuhlanganisa nezivivinyo ezihleliwe, izipele ezinhle, kanye nenqubomgomo yokushintsha ecacile lapho izinkomba ezibalulekile ziqala ukunyakaza.