Ubuntu vs Kubuntu: Iyiphi i-Linux Engilungele?

Uma ucabanga ukungena ngaphakathi I-Linux yonke, kungenzeka uzizwe ukhungathekile ngenani lezinketho ezitholakalayo. Nokho, ezimweni eziningi le nkinga iyehlela Ubuntu vs Kubuntu. Uma kunjalo, uyojabula ukwazi ukuthi lesi sihloko siklanyelwe ukuqeda konke ukungabaza kwakho.

Kumele kushiwo ukuthi impi Ubuntu vs Kubuntu isineminyaka ikhona futhi idala izingxoxo ezishisayo. Kokubili okusatshalaliswa kwabelana okuningi kunalokho okubonwa ngamehlo. Nokho, ama-nuances amancane angenza umehluko omkhulu ngolwazi lwakho lwansuku zonke.

Buyini Ubuntu futhi iyini ifilosofi yabo?

Ubuntu bungaphezulu kakhulu kwesistimu yokusebenza: buyisango eliya emhlabeni we-Linux ezigidini zabasebenzisi emhlabeni jikelele. Igama layo livela ezilimini zase-Afrika (isiZulu nesiXhosa) futhi lisho “ubuntu kwabanye.” Lo mqondo ugcwele ifilosofi yokusabalalisa, efuna ukukhuthaza intuthuko evulekile, ukubambisana, nokweseka phakathi komphakathi wabasebenzisi. Eqinisweni, uphawu lwayo, oluhlanganisa abantu abathathu abahlanganiswe embuthanweni, lubonisa umqondo wobunye nokusebenzisana.

Ubuntu buyisistimu okungadingekile, eqhutshwa umphakathi womhlaba wonke futhi isekelwa ngokuyinhloko iCanonical. Umgomo wayo ukwenza ubuchwepheshe bufinyeleleke kuwo wonke umuntu, ukususa imigoqo yezobuchwepheshe ebikade igcina abasebenzisi abaningi be-Linux bengekho. Kusukela yethulwa ngo-2004, igcizelele i ukusetshenziswa okulula, okwenza kube lula ukukufaka, ukubuyekeza, noma ukusebenza ngakho, ngisho kwabasanda kufika.

Izici eziyinhloko ze-Ubuntu

• Ngokusekelwe ku-Debian: Ubuntu busekelwe kokunye kokusatshalaliswa kweLinux endala futhi enamandla kakhulu, okuwunikeza ukuzinza nokuphepha.
• Gxila ekusebenziseni: Ideskithophu yayo eyinhloko, i-GNOME, igqama ngokuqonda kwayo. Inikeza indawo yesimanje eyenzelwe ukufinyelela kalula kuzinhlelo zokusebenza nemisebenzi.
• Isofthiwe ezenzakalelayo: Ihlanganisa iFirefox njengesiphequluli, i-Evolution ye-imeyili, kanye ne-LibreOffice njengehhovisi, konke kuhlanganiswe ngaphandle komthungo.
• Ukuphepha okuthuthukisiwe: Ihlanganisa izinhlelo zokuvikela ezenza ukusetshenziswa kwe-antivirus kungenasidingo ezimweni eziningi.
• Umphakathi osebenzayo: Inethiwekhi yayo ebanzi yezinkundla nezinsiza eziku-inthanethi ingamandla angenakuphikwa. Uzothola usizo noma imibhalo yokuxazulula noma yimiphi imibuzo.
• Isibuyekezo esilula nesimahhala: Akukhona nje ukulanda kokuqala, kodwa zonke izibuyekezo zimahhala futhi kulula ukuzifaka.

Ukugcinwa nokuphathwa ku-Ubuntu

Ukusebenza kahle kwe-Ubuntu kuncike kakhulu ekwenzeni a ukulungiswa okuyisisekelo, nakuba kungadingi umzamo omkhulu. Akhona amathuluzi afana nalawa Isihlaziyi Sokusetshenziswa Kwediski ukuhlaziya isikhala, I-BleachBit ukuhlanza amafayela angadingekile kanye Umphathi Wephakheji Ye-Synaptic ukuphatha izinhlelo ezifakiwe. Lezi zinsiza, kanye nezibuyekezo ezizenzakalelayo, zivumela isistimu yakho ukuthi ihlale ishesha futhi ivikelekile iminyaka.

Kuyini uKubuntu futhi kuhluke kanjani?

I-Kubuntu ingenye yezinhlobonhlobo ezisemthethweni ze-Ubuntu, kodwa ishintsha ngokuphelele isipiliyoni somsebenzisi ngenxa yesici esisodwa esibalulekile: indawo yedeskithophu. Esikhundleni se-GNOME, khetha i-KDE Plasma, edume ngayo izinga eliphezulu lokwenza ngokwezifiso kanye nomklamo wayo wesimanje futhi okhangayo. Igama elithi "Kubuntu" nalo linezimpande zesi-Afrika futhi lingahunyushwa ngokuthi "okwesintu" noma “mahhala,” okubonisa umoya walo ovulekile nofinyeleleka kalula.

Lokhu kusatshalaliswa kuhle kulabo abakhethayo i-interface efana ne-Windows, njengoba i-KDE Plasma ifana kakhulu, kokubili ngenxa yebha yomsebenzi engezansi kanye nemenyu yayo yokuqala eqinile neyenzeka ngokwezifiso.

Izici zikaKubuntu

• I-KDE Plasma Environment: Ideskithophu egxiliswe ngokubonakalayo, egcwele izinketho zokumisa, ukugqwayiza, namawijethi, nokho ethuthukiswe ngokumangalisayo ezinguqulweni zakamuva.
• Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-KDE: Iza ne-Konqueror yokuphequlula, Xhumana nokuphathwa kwe-imeyili, kanye ne-OpenOffice, kanye namathuluzi aqondene ne-ecosystem ye-KDE.
• Izibuyekezo ezizenzakalelayo: Igcina isistimu yakho nezinhlelo zisesikhathini samanje ngaphandle kokungenelela okwenziwa ngesandla.
• Ukuhambisana kwehadiwe: Isekela i-x86, x86-64 ne-PPC yezakhiwo, inweba ukufinyelela kwayo kumadivayisi ahlukene.
• Ukuphathwa kokuphatha nge-Sudo: Ikuvumela ukuthi wenze imisebenzi yokuphatha ngokuphepha futhi kalula, ngokuhambisana kakhulu nesikuthola kumasistimu afana ne-macOS.

Kubuntu Care and Support

Ukuze ugcine i-Kubuntu isesimweni esiphezulu, udinga kuphela ukuyibuyekeza ngezikhathi ezithile futhi wenze ukulungiswa okuyisisekelo. Izinguqulo ezijwayelekile zithola izinyanga eziyi-18 zokusekelwa nezibuyekezo, kuyilapho uhlelo olukhethekile lwe-LTS (Usekelo Lwesikhathi Eside) lunikeza kuze kube yiminyaka emithathu kudeskithophu y iminyaka emihlanu kumasevaUkwengeza, umphakathi wakwaKubuntu waziwa ngokubamba iqhaza kwawo ekuhumusheni nasekuthuthukiseni ulimi, ngaleyo ndlela kube lula ukusetshenziswa komhlaba.

Ukufana phakathi koBuntu noKubuntu

Nakuba beqhudelana ezinkundleni nasekuqhathaniseni, ngaphansi kobuso, Ubuntu kanye noKubuntu babelana ngesisekelo esifanayo sobuchwephesheKokubili ukusabalalisa kusekelwe kungqikithi efanayo, kubuyekezwa ngemvamisa efanayo (ngokuvamile njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha), futhi kuzuze kumakhosombe afanayo esofthiwe.

• Izibuyekezo ezididiyelwe: Inguqulo entsha ngayinye ye-Ubuntu iza nozakwabo ku-Kubuntu, nemijikelezo yokwesekwa efanayo yezinguqulo ze-LTS.
• Amakhosombe nezingxenye ezabiwe: Ukufinyelela ezinhlelweni neziqephu zokuphepha kuyafana kukho kokubili ukusabalalisa.
• Izidingo ezifanayo zehadiwe: Zidinga i-86MHz x700 CPU, 512MB ye-RAM, kanye ne-5GB yesikhala sediski, ngakho-ke awukho umehluko obalulekile kuleli phuzu.
• Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezivamile: Basebenzisa i-LibreOffice, i-GStreamer, ne-PulseAudio, ethuthukisa ukuhambisana nokusebenza kwabo kwe-multimedia.

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-Ubuntu ne-Kubuntu

Umehluko omkhulu, lowo ogcina ngokunikeza ibhalansi kubasebenzisi abaningi, uku indawo yedeskithophuAkukhona nje ngobuhle, kodwa futhi mayelana nolwazi lomsebenzisi, ukuhlelwa kwemenyu, amathuluzi atholakalayo, nokwenza ngokwezifiso.

Yini eyenza i-Ubuntu (GNOME) ihluke

• Idizayini encane kakhulu: I-GNOME igxile endaweni ehlanzekile, egxile ekukhiqizeni enamabha amathuluzi amabili (phezulu naphansi) nokunsomi nokumpunga njengemibala yayo echazayo.
• Imenyu elula: Imenyu yohlelo lokusebenza ihlelwe kahle, kodwa ayilingisi iWindows. Inezigaba ezintathu: izinhlelo zokusebenza, izindawo, namasistimu.
• Ukusebenziseka kalula: Idizayinelwe labo abafuna ukuzizwisa okuhlukile, kude nezikimu zakudala.
• Opopayi abambalwa: I-GNOME iphansi futhi iyadabukisa, uzogwema ukuchuma okungadingekile.

Okuhlukile kwe-Kubuntu (KDE Plasma)

• Isici somndeni: Ibha yomsebenzi engezansi yesitayela seWindows kanye nemenyu yokuqala, enephalethi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokumpunga.
• Amathuba wokwenza ngendlela oyifisayo aphezulu: Ungakwazi ukuguqula cishe yonke into, kusukela ezithonjaneni kuya emiphumeleni yedeskithophu namabha wamathuluzi.
• Ukusekelwa kwewijethi: Engeza izinhlelo zokusebenza ezincane kudeskithophu yakho ukuze ugcine ulwazi noma izinqamuleli ziseduze.
• Izithombe ezinyakazayo ezengeziwe: I-KDE Plasma ihlaba umxhwele ngemiphumela yayo, nakuba zonke zenziwe ngokwezifiso ukuze zibeke phambili ukusebenza.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza nokusebenza

Sekuyiminyaka, i-KDE Plasma yaziwa ngokusebenzisa izinsiza kakhulu kune-GNOME, kodwa lowo mbono usushintshe kakhulu. Ezivivinyweni zakamuva, amabhuzu e-KDE Plasma ane-RAM efika ku-400MB ngaphansi kokungenzi lutho (cishe u-800MB), uma kuqhathaniswa ne-1,2GB evame ukusetshenziswa yi-GNOME. Ngakho-ke, uma unekhompyutha enesizotha, i-Kubuntu ingase ibe lula futhi isheshe, kodwa zombili izinketho zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke.

Isoftware nokuphathwa kohlelo lokusebenza

Ku-Ubuntu, konke kuhamba ngendlela Isikhungo Sesofthiwe Yobuntu o Isikhungo Sezinhlelo Zokusebenza Kusukela kunguqulo 23.10, besihlanganisa amaphakheji we-Snap ngokuqondile. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukufaka izinhlelo zesimanje ngokuchofoza okukodwa nje, nakuba ukuhlanganiswa kweFlatpak kudinga izinyathelo ezengeziwe. Ungase futhi ube nentshisekelo ku funda mayelana nokusabalalisa okungcono kakhulu okusekelwe ku-KDE ukuze wandise izinketho zakho.

UKubuntu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, usebenzisa Thola njengomphathi wesoftware. Isebenza ngezindlela eziningi, ikuvumela ukuthi wengeze kalula i-Flatpak futhi ubuke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezitholakala ku-Flathub ngokumane uvule i-plugin. Ukwengeza, i-KDE Plasma ivamise ukuza nezinto ezisetshenziswayo eziningi nezinhlelo zokusebenza ngaphandle kwebhokisi, okuhlanganisa amathuluzi aqondene nedeskithophu kanye nekhono lokuxhuma ifoni yakho nayo. Xhuma i-KDE (yize ingafakwa naku-Ubuntu).

Umehluko emijikelezweni yokusekela nokukhululwa

Ubuntu LTS inikeza iminyaka emihlanu yokusekelwa kanye nezibuyekezo kuhlelo lwedeskithophu, enwebekayo ngokubhalisela kwamahhala ku-Ubuntu Pro (ngokusetshenziswa komuntu siqu), okunweba iminyaka yokuphila ngeminyaka emihlanu ngaphezulu. Izinguqulo okungezona ze-LTS zigcinwa nge izinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye zamapheshi.

I-Kubuntu, nakuba iwuhlobo olusemthethweni, ezinhlelweni ze-LTS has iminyaka emithathu yokusekelwa kwedeskithophu (ezinhlanu kumaseva) nezinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye kuma-edishini ajwayelekile, ngaphandle kokuthi kungenzeka ukwelula ukwesekwa ngokubhaliselwe okwengeziwe.

Umuzwa wokufaka

Inqubo yokufaka icishe ifane kuwo womabili amasistimu, ngaphandle kwesixhumi esibonakalayo sesithombe nezinye izinketho ezibukwayo. Ubuntu buthuthukise kakhulu isifaki ezinguqulweni zakamuva, buvumela, isibonelo, umsebenzisi ukuthi akhethe phakathi kwetimu emnyama noma ekhanyayo ngokushesha ngemva kokufakwa, into uKubuntu angayifaki njengejwayelekile. Kunoma yikuphi, ukufaka noma yikuphi kulula, kuyashesha, futhi kulungele wonke umuntu.

Ingabe kufanelekile ukuzama kokubili ngaphambi kokuthatha isinqumo?

Ngaphandle kokungabaza. Elinye lamaphuzu aqinile akho kokubili ukusatshalaliswa ukuthi banikela nge- Imodi ebukhomaUngawaqalisa kudrayivu ye-USB futhi uzame ngaphandle kokufaka noma yini kusigcinalwazi sakho. Ngale ndlela, uzokwazi ukubona ukuthi iyiphi ekulungele kakhulu, yimaphi amandla ayo, nokuthi iyazifanela yini izidingo zakho.

Abasebenzisi abaningi, ngemva kweminyaka eminingana beshintshana phakathi kwe-Ubuntu, Kubuntu, kanye nokunye okunambithekayo, bavame ukugcizelela ukuthi inketho engcono kakhulu ihlale ilula kakhulu emsebenzini wabo wansuku zonke. Ubuntu Ilungele labo ababeka phambili isipiliyoni esilula nesimanje, ngenkathi Kubuntu Kuzojabulisa labo abafuna ukwenza ngokwezifiso yonke into futhi bafuna inguquko ebushelelezi kusuka kuWindows.

Uma uphuma kukhompyutha endala futhi udinga ukuyivuselela, i-Xubuntu noma i-Lubuntu ingaba isisindisi sakho sempilo. Kodwa uma unekhompiyutha yesimanje, isinqumo sehlela cishe ngokuphelele ekuthandeni komuntu siqu. Izindaba ezinhle kakhulu ukuthi akukho ukukhetha okungalungile: konke kusezandleni zakho.