Ukufinyelela kwenqatshelwe kumafolda abiwe kunethiwekhi yendawo: isixazululo ngaphandle kokuthinta i-router

¿Ukufinyelela kunqatshelwe kumafolda abiwe kunethiwekhi yendawo: ikhambi ngaphandle kokuthinta i-router? Uma kuvela umlayezo owesabekayo ku-Windows “Ukufinyelela kunqatshelwe kumafolda abiwe kunethiwekhi yendawo”Into yokuqala ovame ukuyicabanga i-router. Kodwa ezimweni eziningi, inkinga imayelana nohlelo lokusebenza ngokwalo: izinsizakalo ezikhutshaziwe, izinqubomgomo zokuphepha eziqine kakhulu, izimvume ezingalungiselelwe kahle, noma isibuyekezo sakamuva esishintshe okuthile ngaphandle kwesixwayiso.

Kulesi siqondisi uzothola incazelo ephelele, yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo ye Zonke izizathu ezivamile zokuthi kungani ukufinyelela kumafolda abiwe ku-LAN kuvinjelwe nokuthi ungazilungisa kanjani ngaphandle kokuthinta i-router. Uzobona konke kusukela kuzilungiselelo zokwabelana eziyisisekelo kanye nezimvume kuya ezinguqukweni zezinqubomgomo zeqembu, i-Registry, i-SMB, i-antivirus, i-VPN, noma abashayeli, kufaka phakathi imiyalezo evamile efana nokuvimba izivakashi ezingagunyaziwe, amaphutha angu-0x80004005, noma "iphutha lesistimu 53" elidumile.

Ukuhlola ukwabelana okuyisisekelo ku-Windows

Ngaphambi kokuthi singene ezinguqukweni ezithuthukisiwe, kungumqondo omuhle ukuhlola ukuthi izinketho ze- ukwabelana ngamafayela, ukutholakala kwenethiwekhi, kanye ne-firewall Qiniseka ukuthi zilungiselelwe kahle. Izinkinga eziningi zingalungiswa lapha.

Ku-Windows 10 kanye ne-Windows 11, vula i- Iphaneli Yokulawula > Inethiwekhi ne-inthanethi > Isikhungo Senethiwekhi Nokwabelana bese ungena Izilungiselelo zokwabelana ezithuthukisiweKuphrofayela Okuyimfihlo beka uphawu emabhokisini Yenza kusebenze ukutholakala kwenethiwekhi y Nika amandla ukwabelana ngefayela nephrintaLezi zilungiselelo zibalulekile ukuze i-PC ibonakale futhi ibonakale kunethiwekhi yendawo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze ugweme amabhlogo omlilo athule, iya ku- Iphaneli Yokulawula > I-Windows Defender Firewall > Vumela uhlelo lokusebenza noma isici nge-Windows Defender Firewall futhi uqinisekise ukuthi Ukwabelana ngamafayela namaphrinta Kuvunyelwe kunethiwekhi yangasese. Uma usola ukuthi i-firewall iyasebenza, ungakwenza lokho khubaza okwesikhashana i-firewall noma i-Windows Defender Futhi zama, kodwa khumbula ukuvuselela isivikelo ngemva kwalokho.

Ukuze wabelane ngefolda ethile, chofoza kwesokudla kuyo bese uya ku- Izakhiwo > Ukwabelana > Ukwabelana OkuthuthukisiweI-Activa Yabelana ngale folda bese ucindezela Izimvume ukuze unikeze ukufinyelela. Uma ufuna ukwenza isivivinyo esisheshayo, ungavuma Konke imvume Ukulawula okuphelele kokubili kuthebhu Yabelana njengoba kuthebhu Ukuphephayize umgomo wesikhathi esimaphakathi uwukukhawulela lezo zimvume kubasebenzisi abathile.

Uma unayo ukwabelana okuvikelwe ngephasiwediAmanye amadivayisi azokwazi ukuxhuma kuphela uma azi igama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi evumelekile ye-PC eyabiwe. Uma ufuna ukuvumela ukufinyelela ngaphandle kweziqinisekiso (isibonelo, ku-NAS ngaphandle kwabasebenzisi), buyela emuva ku- Izilungiselelo zokwabelana ezithuthukisiwe > Wonke amanethiwekhi kanye nomkhiqizo Khubaza ukwabelana okuvikelwe ngephasiwediLokhu kunciphisa ukuphepha, ngakho-ke kufanele kusetshenziswe kuphela amanethiwekhi asekhaya athembekile.

Izinsizakalo zeWindows okumele zisebenze ukuze ubone inethiwekhi

Uma inethiwekhi iyeka ukusebenza ngemva kokubuyekezwa noma ushintsho lokucushwa, ngokuvamile kungenxa yokuthi abanye izinsizakalo ezihlobene namanethiwekhi nokutholwa Zisethwe ukuthi ziqale mathupha noma zikhutshazwe. Ukuzibeka ngokuzenzakalela kuvame ukubuyisela ukubonakala kwamakhompyutha kanye nezinsiza ezabiwe.

Cindezela Amafasitela + R, uyabhala izinsizakalo.msc bese ucindezela u-Enter ukuze uvule ikhonsoli yezinsizakalo. Thola izinsizakalo ezifana ne- Umphathi womhlinzeki wokutholwa komsebenzi, Ukushicilelwa kwezinsiza zokutholwa komsebenzi, Ukutholwa kwe-SSDP y Idivayisi yokusingatha ye-UPnPNgayinye, faka Izakhiwo bese ubeka Uhlobo lokuqala: OkuzenzakalelayoBese, qala kabusha uhlelo ukuze izinguquko ziqale ukusebenza.

Ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, njengezizinda noma amanethiwekhi anezinqubomgomo zezinkampani, kuyalulekwa futhi ukuthi kubuyekezwe izinsizakalo ezengeziwe ezithinta umthwalo kuma-drive enethiwekhi: Isiphequluli Sekhompyutha (Isiphequluli), Umphathi Womhlinzeki Wokutholwa Komsebenzi (FDPHost), Ukushicilelwa Kwezinsiza Zokuthola Umsebenzi (FDResPub), Ukuxhumeka Kwenethiwekhi (i-NetMan), I-UPnP Device Host (i-UPnPHost), Iphrothokholi Yokuxazulula Amagama Ontanga (i-PNRPSvc), Ukuqoqwa Kwenethiwekhi Yontanga (P2PSvc) y Umphathi Wobunikazi Bokuxhumana Kontanga (P2PIMSvc)Zilungiselele njenge “Okuzenzakalelayo (ukuqala okulibazisekile)” Kuyasiza uhlelo ukufaka amadrayivu ngokushesha nje lapho lungena ngemvume.

Enye insizakalo ebalulekile yi- Uhlelo lokusebenza lomsizi we-NetBIOS nge-TCP/IPUma imisiwe noma ingalungiselelwanga kahle, imilayezo efana nale elandelayo ingavela: “Iphutha lesistimu 53. Indlela yenethiwekhi ayitholakalanga”Ngoba iseva ayikaze isungule uxhumano lwe-SMB. Yivule futhi. izinsizakalo.mscThola leyo nsizakalo, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi uhlobo lokuqalisa lusethelwe ku- Okuzenzakalelayo futhi lokho kusebenza njengoba isevisi yendawohhayi njengohlelo lwendawo.

Ukuze uqedele ukusethwa kwe-NetBIOS, faka Iphaneli Yokulawula > Inethiwekhi ne-inthanethi > Inethiwekhi kanye nesikhungo sokwabelana > Shintsha izilungiselelo ze-adapthaChofoza kabili uxhumano lwakho (i-Ethernet noma i-Wi-Fi), bese ucindezela Izakhiwo, angene Iphrothokholi ye-inthanethi inguqulo 4 (TCP/IPv4) bese kuba ngaphakathi Izinketho ezithuthukisiwe > ithebhu ye-WINS. Umkhiqizo Nika amandla i-NetBIOS nge-TCP/IP bese uqinisekisa ngokuthi Yamukela.

Izimvume nemiyalezo ethi “Awunayo imvume yokufinyelela\\Iseva”

Elinye lamaphutha avame kakhulu lapho ufaka ifolda eyabiwe yisixwayiso sokuthi “Awunayo imvume yokufinyelela i-\\IP noma i-\\ComputerName”Kulesi simo, inethiwekhi ivame ukuba kahle, kodwa iWindows ivimba ukufinyelela ngenxa yezimvume zokwabelana noma izimvume ze-NTFS.

Kukhompyutha ehlanganyela ifolda, chofoza kwesokudla kuyo bese uya ku- Izakhiwo > Ukwabelana > Ukwabelana OkuthuthukisiweChofoza ku- Izimvume futhi wengeza iqembu Konke Uma ingaveli, yimake. Vumela ukulawula okugcwele ngalokho kungena. Lesi silungiselelo silawula lokho okungenziwa ngenethiwekhi (ukufunda, ukubhala, ukuguqula) futhi kufanele sihlolwe noma nini lapho kukhona ukwehluleka kokufinyelela.

Okulandelayo, vula ithebhu Ukuphepha kusuka kuleyo folda efanayo. Yilapho okulandelayo kulawulwa khona: izimvume ze-NTFS zasendaweniChofoza ku- Hlela > Engeza, uyabhala Konke esithombeni Faka amagama ezinto ofuna ukuzikhetha bese kuqinisekisa. Bese, izibonelelo Ukulawula okuphelele noma izimvume ozidingayo kulelo qembu. Noma yikuphi ukungqubuzana phakathi kwalokho okuvumela ukwabelana nalokho okuvumela i-NTFS kuhlala kuxazululwa ngenketho enemingcele eminingi.

Uma ukufinyelela kuqhubeka nokwehluleka kusuka kumadivayisi athile kuphela, lokhu kungasiza. Engeza iziqinisekiso ze-Windows ngesandla. Kukhompyutha yeklayenti, vula i- Iphaneli Yokulawula > Umphathi Wokuqinisekisa > Ukuqinisekiswa kweWindows bese ucindezela Engeza isiqinisekiso se-WindowsFaka ikheli le-IP noma igama lekhompyutha ekude, umsebenzisi (isibonelo) I-PCServer\umsebenzisi) kanye nephasiwedi efanele. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, iWindows izosebenzisa ngokuzenzakalelayo lezo ziqinisekiso uma izama ukuxhuma.

Uma kukhona ukungqubuzana ngenxa yeziqinisekiso ezindala noma ezigcinwe kabi, futhi kungumqondo omuhle Susa kuMphathi Wokuqinisekisa Susa konke okufakiwe okuhlobene neseva enenkinga noma i-NAS bese uxhuma kabusha kusukela ekuqaleni, ukuphoqa iWindows ukuthi icele igama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi futhi.

Ukuvimba izivakashi ezingagunyaziwe kanye nezinqubomgomo ze-SMB

Kusukela ezinguqulweni ezithile ze-Windows 10, ikakhulukazi, ku-Windows 11 (kufaka phakathi ukwakhiwa okufana 24H2 kanye 25H2I-Microsoft iqinise ukuphepha kwe-SMB. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi ukuxhumana okuningi kwe-SMB kube sengozini. Isivakashi esingenalo igama lomsebenzisi noma iphasiwedi I-NAS, amaseva e-Unraid, i-CasaOS, noma amanye amadivayisi enethiwekhi ayayeka ukusebenza ngobusuku obubodwa.

Ezimweni ezinjalo, kuvamile kakhulu ukuthi uma uzama ukumaka idrayivu yenethiwekhi, kuvela umlayezo ofana nalokhu okulandelayo: "Awukwazi ukufinyelela ifolda eyabiwe ngoba izinqubomgomo zokuphepha zenhlangano yakho zivimba ukufinyelela kwezivakashi ezingagunyaziwe."Konke okunye (iwebhusayithi ye-NAS, i-Plex, njll.) kuyaqhubeka nokusebenza, kodwa i-Windows iyenqaba ukufaka umthombo owabiwe.

Indlela eqondile yokuvumela lezi zinhlobo zokuxhumeka futhi ukuzivumela ukungena ngemvume kwezivakashi okungavikelekile ngokusebenzisa Umhleli Wenqubomgomo Yeqembu Lendawo (Kutholakala kuphela kuma-Pro/Enterprise editions). Cindezela Amafasitela + R, uyabhala i-gpedit.msc bese uhamba ngomkhumbi uye Ukucushwa kwemishini > Amathempulethi okuphatha > Inethiwekhi > Indawo yokusebenza yaseLanmanChofoza kabili ku- Nika amandla ukungena ngemvume kwezivakashi okungavikelekile kanye nomkhiqizo Kunikwe amandla.

Uma ungenayo i-gpedit noma ukhetha ukuyenza ngeRegistry, vula regedit bese uya ku- HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\LanmanWorkstationDala inani elisha I-DWORD (amabhithi angu-32) kubizwe I-AllowInsecureGuestAuth bese uyinika inani 1Lokhu kuvuselela ukufinyelela kwezivakashi okungavikelekile. Kwezinye izimo, leli nani elifanayo livela ngaphansi kwe- HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\LanmanWorkstation\Parameters, lapho ingasethwa khona futhi ku-1.

Ezinguqulweni zakamuva ze-Windows 11, abasebenzisi abaningi baxazulule izinkinga ze-NAS ezingenaphasiwedi ngokusebenzisa i- inqubomgomo yokuphepha yendawoVula ithuluzi Inqubomgomo yokuphepha kwendawo (secpol.msc) bese ufaka Izinqubomgomo Zendawo > Izinketho ZokuphephaThola izinketho “Iklayenti Lenethiwekhi yeMicrosoft: Sayina ukuxhumana ngedijithali (njalo)” y “Iklayenti Lenethiwekhi ye-Microsoft: Sayina ukuxhumana ngedijithali (uma iseva ivuma)” futhi ulungiselele Bobabili bakhubazekileLokhu kunciphisa izidingo zokusayina ze-SMB, into amanye amadivayisi e-NAS ayisisekelo angayiphathi kahle. Kuhle futhi ukuhlola izinguquko zakamuva zesistimu, njenge... Ukulayisha kusengaphambili kwe-Explorer ku-Windows 11, okungathinta ukuziphatha kwe-Explorer kanye nokufakwa kwezinsiza ekuqaleni.

Enye indlela, ngisho nokusekelwa yi-Microsoft kunconywa ngezinkinga ngezibuyekezo ezifana I-KB5065426 noma i-KB5064081Lokhu kuhilela ukulungisa ukucushwa kwe-SMB kusuka ku-PowerShell ngamalungelo okuphatha. Sebenzisa imiyalo elandelayo. Setha-SmbClientConfiguration -RequireSecuritySignature $false y Setha-SmbClientConfiguration -EnableInsecureGuestLogons $true ukukhubaza amasignesha ayimpoqo nokuvumela ukungena kwezivakashi. Bese, dala umsebenzisi wendawo othize wokwabelana (isibonelo, i-shareuser), yinikeze iphasiwedi bese uyinika izimvume kufolda eyabiwe, ukuze ukwazi ukuxhuma kusuka kuklayenti njengoba I-HOSTNAME\umsebenzisi wokwabelana.

Ukuhambisana kwe-SMB 1.0, ukubethela, kanye nezinguqulo ze-Windows

Amadivayisi amaningi amadala, njengamadivayisi amadala e-NAS noma amaphrinta enethiwekhi, asathembele ku- I-SMB 1.0/CIFSLena inqubo ephelelwe yisikhathi futhi engavikelekile iWindows 10 ne-11 evame ukuyikhubaza ngemva kokubuyekezwa. Uma usebenza ngehadiwe endala, inkinga yokufinyelela ingase ivele kulokhu.

Ukuze uyihlole, iya ku- Iphaneli Yokulawula > Izinhlelo > Izinhlelo kanye nezici bese ucindezela Vula noma uvale izici ze-WindowsOhlwini, funa Ukuhambisana nephrothokholi yokwabelana ngamafayela ye-SMB 1.0/CIFS bese uphawula okungenani Iklayenti le-SMB 1.0/CIFSNgemva kokwamukela nokuqalisa kabusha, idivayisi izokwazi ukuxhumana futhi namadivayisi aqonda i-SMBv1 kuphela, yize kunconywa ukwenza kanjalo wazi ukuthi ibeka ingozi yokuphepha futhi kumanethiwekhi athembekile kuphela.

Esinye isizathu esivamile sokungavumelani izinga lokubethela lokuxhumana kokwabelanaI-Windows isebenzisa ukubethela okungu-128-bit ngokuzenzakalelayo, kodwa amanye amadivayisi noma izinhlelo ezifakiwe zisebenza kuphela ngokubethela okungu-40/56-bit. Inethiwekhi Nokwabelana Ngesikhungo > Izilungiselelo zokwabelana ezithuthukisiwe > Wonke amanethiwekhiThola isigaba Ukuxhumana kokwabelana ngamafayela bese uzama ukushintshanisa phakathi sebenzisa ukubethela okungu-128-bit y vumela ukubethela okungu-40 noma okungu-56 bitUkuhlola ukuthi lokhu kuyakubuyisela yini ukufinyelela kwakho.

Okokugcina, kunezimo ezibhalwe phansi lapho ukuthuthukiswa kuya ekwakheni okufana 24H2 noma 25H2 Kuphazamise ukufinyelela kwe-SMB ngokuzumayo, ikakhulukazi kumaseva angenaphasiwedi. Uma kungekho okusebenza kulokhu okungenhla, ngena ngemvume Izilungiselelo > Isibuyekezo se-Windows Uma kufakwe ama-patches anenkinga muva nje, ngezinye izikhathi ukukhipha isibuyekezo esithile noma ukulinda iMicrosoft ukuthi ikhiphe ukulungiswa yikho okuxazulula inkinga.

Kunoma ikuphi, ukuba I-Windows ibuyekezwe yaba yinguqulo yakamuva eqinile Ukusebenzisa ama-patches okuphepha kuvame ukusiza ekulungiseni amaphutha ekwabelaneni ngamafayela. Kodwa-ke, kuhlale kungumqondo omuhle ukudala indawo yokuvuselela ngaphambi kokubuyekezwa okukhulu, uma kwenzeka sidinga ukubuyela emuva.

Amaphutha avamile: 0x80004005, uhlelo 53, kanye nezinkinga ze-IP

Uma uzama ukufinyelela ifolda eyabiwe noma ukumaka idrayivu yenethiwekhi, kuvamile kakhulu ukuhlangana nekhodi 0x80004005 (Iphutha elingacacisiwe)Lo mlayezo ongacacile kahle uvame ukuhlotshaniswa izinkinga zokucushwa kwenethiwekhi noma i-IP, kunokuba kube nezimvume.

Uma imishini ilungiselelwe thola i-IP ngokuzenzakalelayo Uma kukhona ukungqubuzana kwenethiwekhi (i-DHCP engalungiselelwanga kahle, amakheli aphindaphindwayo, njll.), kungaba usizo ukwabela ikheli le-IP elenziwe ngesandla. Ezimpahleni ze-adaptha yenethiwekhi, ngaphansi Iphrothokholi ye-inthanethi inguqulo 4 (TCP/IPv4)khetha Sebenzisa ikheli le-IP elilandelayo bese ufaka ikheli elihlukile ngaphakathi kwebanga lenethiwekhi yakho, kanye imaski ye-subnet, i isango elizenzakalelayo (ngokuvamile ikheli le-IP le-router) kanye ne- Amaseva e-DNS (Lokhu kungaba kusuka ku-router noma izinsizakalo zomphakathi njengomhlinzeki wakho we-inthanethi). Ikheli le-IP elizinzile livimbela amaphutha amaningi angajwayelekile.

El Iphutha lesistimu 53 (“Indlela yenethiwekhi ayitholakalanga”) Lokhu kuvame ukukhombisa ukuthi iWindows ayikwazi ukuxazulula igama leseva noma ukuthi kunezendlalelo zephrothokholi ye-SMB ezingasunguli uxhumano, noma ngabe i-TCP port 445 iyaphendula. Yilapho... Uhlelo lokusebenza lomsizi we-NetBIOS nge-TCP/IP kanye nokucushwa kwe-NetBIOS ku-adaptha. Qinisekisa ukuthi le nsizakalo isethwe ku-othomathikhi nokuthi Nika amandla i-NetBIOS nge-TCP/IP Iphawulwe kuzinketho ze-IPv4 ezithuthukisiwe.

Esinye isivivinyo esilula kakhulu sokuhlukanisa izinkinga zokuqamba amagama nezinkinga zangempela zokuxhumeka ukusebenzisa umyalo i-pingYebo i-ping 192.168.xx uyaphendula kodwa i-ping SERVER_NAME Cha, iphutha liseku- Ukulungiswa kwegamaKulezi zimo, ungakwazi ukufinyelela okwesikhashana ifolda eyabiwe ngekheli le-IP, isibonelo. \\192.168.1.50\Ifolda, noma engeza okufakiwe kufayela ababungazi enegama le-IP neleseva, uze uxazulule inkinga ye-DNS noma ye-NetBIOS.

Okokugcina, uma iphutha livela kumadivayisi athile kuphela, kuyanconywa Xhuma kabusha idrayivu yenethiwekhi kusukela ekuqaleniKu-File Explorer, chofoza kwesokudla ku- Leli thimbakhetha Nqamula idrayivu yenethiwekhi yeyunithi enenkinga bese uyihlela kabusha kusuka kumenyu Xhuma kudrayivu yenethiwekhi, ukufaka kabusha indlela efanele kanye neziqinisekiso.

Umthelela wezinqubomgomo ze-Windows, i-gpupdate, kanye ne-Registry kuma-drive enethiwekhi

Ezindaweni zokusebenza, noma ngisho nakuma-PC asekhaya lapho kusetshenziswe khona izinketho eziningi ezithuthukisiwe, Izinqubomgomo ze-Windows Kungenzeka ukuthi banesibopho ngqo sokuthi amadrayivu enethiwekhi awabonakali noma awafakwanga lapho ungena ngemvume.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona izinqubomgomo zokuphephaLokhu kulawula indlela uhlelo olusebenzisana ngayo nezinsizakusebenza zenethiwekhi. Uma ukuqinisekiswa kuyadingeka njalo noma ukuxhumana kusayinwa ngedijithali, ezinye izinsizakusebenza ezindala noma lezo ezilungiselelwe ngaphandle kwephasiwedi ngeke zifinyeleleke. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinqubomgomo zokwabiwa kwamayunithi I-Active Directory ichaza ukuthi yimaphi amadrayivu afakwe kumsebenzisi ngamunye noma eqenjini; uma lawa engalungiselelwanga kahle, kuvamile ukuthi abasebenzisi abathile bangaziboni amadrayivu alindelekile.

Uma izinqubomgomo zeqembu zishintshwa, lezi zinguquko azisetshenziswa ngaso sonke isikhathi ngokushesha. Kumanethiwekhi amaningi, isikhawu sokubuyekeza okuzenzakalelayo sicishe sibe imizuzu emi-90Ukuze uphoqe isibuyekezo, vula umyalo osheshayo onamalungelo okuphatha bese usebenzisa gupdateKumanethiwekhi amakhulu, ingasetshenziswa i-gpupdate/force, okuphoqa ukusetshenziswa kwazo zonke iziqondiso, yize kwandisa umthwalo kubalawuli besizinda.

Kwezinye izimo ezithile, ikakhulukazi lapho umsebenzisi engumlawuli futhi ebala amadrayivu aphakeme, amadrayivu enethiwekhi angase angabonakali kuzo zonke izimo. Indlela ewusizo yokulungisa iRegistry ukuze ivumele ukuxhumana okuxhunyiwe phakathi kwezikhathi. Vula regedit bese uhamba ngomkhumbi uye HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\SystemDala inani I-DWORD (amabhithi angu-32) kubizwe I-EnableLinkedConnections, setha inani 1 bese uqala kabusha. Lokhu kwenza amadrayivu ahlelwe ngamamephu anamalungelo aphezulu atholakale kumongo womsebenzisi ojwayelekile.

Noma nini lapho ushintsha izinqubomgomo ze-Active Directory, imisebenzi yokushayela, noma izilungiselelo zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe, kubalulekile ukubuyekeza ngokucophelela imiyalezo yesixwayiso bese ubhala phansi izinguquko. Imininingwane echazwe kabi ingagcina ivimbe amadrayivu amaqembu athile kuphela noma idale amaphutha okunzima ukuwalandela.

I-antivirus, i-firewall, i-VPN, i-malware, nezinye izinto ezivimba inethiwekhi

Nakuba icala lihlala likhona ku-Windows noma isibuyekezo sakamuva, izikhathi eziningi ukufinyelela kuma-drive enethiwekhi kwehluleka ngoba isofthiwe yokuphepha noma ukutheleleka nge-malware eziphazamisa ukuxhumana.

I-antivirus enamandla kakhulu, i-firewall yomuntu wesithathu engalungiselelwanga kahle, noma ngisho ne- I-VPN ilungiselelwe ngendlela engafanele Bangavimba amachweba, bashintshe imizila, noma bavimbele ama-IP athile ukuthi angafinyeleleki. Ukuqiniseka, zama... khubaza okwesikhashana i-antivirus yakho kanye ne-firewall (noma shintshela kuphrofayela engakhawuleli kakhulu) bese unqamula noma yimaphi ama-VPN asebenzayo. Uma idrayivu yenethiwekhi isebenza kuleso simo, uyazi ukuthi kufanele ubheke kuphi.

Ngokuphathelene ne-malware, noma yikuphi ukutheleleka okuthinta izingxenye zenethiwekhi, izinsizakalo zokuphepha, noma iRegistry ngokwayo kungaphazamisa ukuxhumana kwe-LAN. Inkambo ehlakaniphile kakhulu yokwenza i- ukuskena kwesistimu ephelele nge-antivirus enhlehhayi ukuskena okusheshayo. Ungasebenzisa futhi Ithuluzi Lokususa Isofthiwe Enonya le-Microsoft ukuyiphonsa nge I-Windows + R > mrt nokukhetha ukuhlaziywa okujulile.

Uma izinkinga ziqhubeka ngemva kokuhlanza igciwane elingase libe khona, unenketho yokusebenzisa iphuzu lokubuyisela uhlelo kuze kube seqophelweni langaphambilini lapho amadrayivu enethiwekhi ayesebenza kahle. Kusukela ku-Control Panel, iya kuzinketho ze Ukubuyisa > Vula Ukubuyiselwa KwesistimuKhetha usuku olwaziwayo bese usebenzisa ukusetha kabusha. Lokhu akuyona ifomethi ephelele, kodwa ukubuyiselwa emuva kwesistimu yakho kanye nokucushwa, ngakho uzolahlekelwa izinguquko ezenziwe kuphela ngemva kwalolo suku.

Njengesinyathelo sokugcina, uma kungekho kulokhu okungenhla okuxazulula inkinga futhi uqinisekile ukuthi iphutha aliveli ku-router noma ku-NAS, ungacabanga fometha bese ufaka iWindows kusukela ekuqaleniKuyisinyathelo esiqinile, kodwa siqinisekisa ukuthi ubuyela esimweni esihlanzekile, nazo zonke izibuyekezo zakamuva kanye nabashayeli, futhi ngaphandle kwezinsalela zezilungiselelo ezindala noma i-malware esabangela izinkinga.

I-IPv6, abashayeli benethiwekhi, i-router, kanye nokutholakala kwezinsiza

Ngaphandle kwamaphuzu angenhla, kunemininingwane eminingana yobuchwepheshe okufanele ihlolwe uma amadrayivu enethiwekhi ebonakala kunzima ukuwaxhuma: I-IPv6, abashayeli be-adaptha, isimo se-router, kanye nesimo sensiza ehlanganyelwe ngokwayo.

Abanye abasebenzisi bathole ukuthi khubaza i-IPv6 I-adaptha ixazulula izinkinga zokwabelana ngamafayela ezingavamile. Inethiwekhi Nokwabelana Ngesikhungo > Shintsha izilungiselelo ze-adaptha, ngena ezakhiweni zakho zokuxhumeka, susa ukumaka Iphrothokholi ye-inthanethi inguqulo 6 (TCP/IPv6)Yamukela bese uqala kabusha idivayisi. Akuyona ikhambi lazo zonke izinkinga, kodwa ezindaweni ezixubile noma ngama-router amadala, ingavimbela izingxabano ze-network stack.

I abashayeli be-adaptha yenethiwekhi Futhi banethonya elikhulu. Kusukela ku- Umphathi wedivayisi, esigabeni Ama-adaptha enethiwekhiThola ikhadi lakho (i-Ethernet noma i-Wi-Fi), chofoza kwesokudla bese ukhetha Buyekeza umshayeliEnye indlela ukusebenzisa i-Windows Update ukuhlola abashayeli abasalindile. Ukugcina abashayeli bakho benolwazi lwakamuva kunciphisa amaphutha okuxhumana futhi kuthuthukisa ukuzinza okuphelele.

Noma ngabe kubonakala kuncane kangakanani, kulula Qala kabusha i-router noma indawo yokufinyelela Ixazulula izinkinga eziningi: izingxabano ze-IP, ukuphazamiseka komzila wesikhashana, ukuvinjelwa kwangaphakathi, njll. Cima i-router, linda okungenani Imizuzwana engama-20-30 bese uyivula futhi. Ngisho noma amanye amadivayisi esenokufinyelela ku-inthanethi, lokho akuqinisekisi ukuthi ukuxhumana kwangaphakathi phakathi kwamadivayisi amabili athile kunethiwekhi kuphelele.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinsiza ezabiwe Iyatholakala ngempela futhi kunethiwekhi efanayoHlola ukuthi i-NAS noma i-PC yeseva ivuliwe, ixhunywe engxenyeni efanayo yenethiwekhi, futhi isebenza kahle. Zama ukuyifinyelela kusuka kwenye idivayisi: uma ungangena kusuka kwenye i-PC noma ngisho nedivayisi yakho yeselula, inkinga ikwidivayisi yokuqala; uma kungekho muntu ongakwazi ukuxhuma, inkinga ikwiseva noma idivayisi eyabiwe ngokwayo.

Uma usuvele uzame izilungiselelo eziningi kodwa ungakwazi ukuzifinyelela, sebenzisa indawo yokuvuselela (Uma ikhona) ivame ukushesha kunokuqhubeka nokuzama ngokungahleliwe. Futhi uma lokho kwehluleka, sekuyisikhathi sokucabanga nge- Ukusetha kabusha noma ukuhlanza ukufaka kabusha kweWindowsnjalo ngemva kokwenza ikhophi yedatha yakho ebalulekile.

Ukuthinta izingxenye ze ukwabelana, izinsizakalo, i-SMB, izinqubomgomo, i-antivirus, abashayeli kanye ne-IPCishe zonke izinkinga zokufinyelela ezinqatshelwe amafolda abiwe kunethiwekhi yendawo zingaxazululwa ngaphandle kokuthinta i-router. Okungcono kakhulu, kufanele uqale ngezixazululo ezilula kakhulu (ukutholwa kwenethiwekhi, izimvume, i-firewall) bese usebenza kuze kube yilezo ezithuthukile kakhulu (ukubhalisa, izinqubomgomo, ukubuyiselwa). Ngaphezu kwakho konke, hlola njalo ukuthi imithombo isebenza kusuka kwenye idivayisi ukuze ugweme ukuchitha isikhathi ngokungadingekile.