Uma ikhibhodi yakho ingasebenzi ku-VirtualBox: umhlahlandlela wezimbangela nezisombululo

Lapho ikhibhodi iyeka ngokuzumayo ukuphendula ngaphakathi komshini obonakalayo, umuzwa ungomunye wokuvalwa ngokuphelele: awukwazi ukungena ngemvume, igundane alisebenzi, futhi ngemva kokuzama isikhashana, kubonakala sengathi i-VM iyaba yiqhwa. Lesi simo sivame kakhulu kunalokho esibonakala ku-VirtualBoxikakhulukazi ngenhlanganisela ethize yehadiwe, i-OS yomsingathi nesivakashi, nokulungiselelwa okuthile kwekhibhodi.

Kulesi sihloko uzothola ukubuyekezwa okuphelele kwezimbangela zangempela nokulungiswa okusekelwe kumacala afana ne-Windows 10 ibamba nge-Oracle VirtualBox 6.1 kanye nesivakashi se-Kali Linux esisebenze kahle ebhuthini yokuqala kodwa, ngemva kokuvala nokuqala kabusha, Akuzange kuphendule ikhibhodi noma igundane, futhi ngokushesha i-VM yaqina.Sizophinde sibheke ubuhlungu bekhanda obujwayelekile ngokhiye u-Ctrl ku-Debian kanye nempicabadala ye-backslash kumakhibhodi e-German (AltGr+ß) ngaphakathi kwe-Linux, kanye nenkinga yakudala: isimo se-Num Lock asisavumelanisi phakathi komsingathi nesivakashi. Masifunde ngakho konke. Uma ikhibhodi yakho ingasebenzi ku-VirtualBox, nazi izinyathelo zokuyilungisa.

Okokuqala: qonda umongo kanye nezimpawu

Kunamaphrofayili ezinkinga amaningana aqoqwe ezimweni zangempela: enye yazo iyi-Windows 10 host kanye ne-VirtualBox 6.1.22 r144080 ene Isivakashi se-Kali Linux ngaphandle Kwezengezo Zezivakashi noma Izandiso ZokusingathaNgemva kokungenisa i-VM nokuyiqala, yonke into yayilungile; kodwa ngemva kokuvalwa kokuqala, lapho iqalwa kabusha, ikhibhodi ayithayiphi, igundane alinyakazi, futhi ngemva kwemizuzu embalwa, umshini obonakalayo uyabanda.

Kuleyo ndawo efanayo, izilungiselelo zememori ye-RAM nevidiyo zashintshwa, izinketho zokufaka zashintshwa, futhi izihlungi ze-USB zasuswa futhi zengezwa, ngaphandle kwempumelelo. I-AMD-V inikwe amandla (uma udinga isiqondiso vumela i-virtualization ku-PC yami) futhi awukho umkhondo we-Hyper-V. Ngokuhambisanayo, kube khona ukungabaza ngokhiye wokuba ngusokhaya (lowo oku-VirtualBox othatha indawo yezinhlanganisela ezifana no-Ctrl+Alt) kanye nendlela yokuthayipha i-backslash \ kusivakashi sase-Kali kusetshenziswa isakhiwo sesiJalimane (umsebenzisi uzame u-Ctrl+Alt+ß, Host+ß nazo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlanganisela).

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abasebenzisi abanesivakashi se-Debian Squeeze egijima kumsingathi we-Wheezy babike lokho Ukhiye ka-Ctrl ubungasebenzi ngaphakathi kwesivakashi.Isibonelo, ku-nano, ukucindezela okuthi ^X kuzobonisa u-"x" olula esikrinini. Izinguquko ezinjengokusebenzisa u-Ctrl kwesokunxele noma kwesokudla kanye nokushintsha ukhiye Wokubamba uye kukhiye welogo kwesokudla, ngezakhiwo zekhibhodi ezizenzakalelayo ngesiNgisi (USA), ziye zahlolwa, kodwa iphutha liqhubekile kwezinye izikhathi.

Hlola okuyisisekelo: ukuthwebula ukhiye, ukhiye womsingathi, nokungqubuzana

I-VirtualBox inenketho ebizwa ngokuthi "Ikhibhodi yokuthwebula ngokuzenzakalelayo". Uma ivaliwe, ikhibhodi ingase ihlale kumsingathi futhi ukushaya kwenhliziyo akufiki kusivakashiIya kokuthi Ifayela > Okuncanyelwayo > Okokufaka futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ukuthwebula okuzenzakalelayo kunikwe amandla. Futhi, hlola ukuthi ingabe umngcele wewindi le-VM ukhombisa ukuthi kugxilwe ngaphakathi.

Ukhiye wokuba ngusokhaya (ngokuzenzakalelayo, u-Ctrl Wesokudla) uyisihluthulelo. Uma uyishintshele ku-AltGr (Right Alt) noma kukhiye owudingayo phakathi kwesivakashi (ngokwesibonelo, ukuze uthayiphe okuthi "\" ngesiJalimane nge-AltGr+ß), uzoba nezinkinga ngoba i-VirtualBox ihumusha lowo khiye njengokhiye Wokusingatha. Gwema ukumisa i-AltGr njengokhiye womsingathi.Sebenzisa u-Ctrl ongakwesokudla noma ukhiye welogo ongakwesokudla, futhi uqiniseke ukuthi i-VirtualBox ayidubi izinhlanganisela zokhiye ezidingwa yisivakashi.

Okunye ukuhlola okubonakala kusobala kodwa kuyasiza: zama i U-Ctrl Kwesokunxele no-Ctrl kwesokudlaKunezimo ezibhaliwe lapho eyodwa kokubili iphendula kanti enye ingaphenduli, ngenxa yokuthi isistimu yesivakashi imephu noma ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza oluthile (i-nano, i-X noma ikhonsoli) luyifunda kanjani imicimbi yekhibhodi.

I-Num Lock ngaphandle kokuvumelanisa phakathi komsingathi nesivakashi

Kunokuziphatha okungokomlando ku-VirtualBox lapho isimo se-Num Lock "singahlehliswa" phakathi komsingathi nesivakashi: uma sinikwe amandla kumsingathi, Kubonakala sengathi kukhutshaziwe ku-VMfuthi ngokuphambene. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi ikhiphedi yezinombolo iziphathe njengemicibisholo yekhesa ngakolunye uhlangothi kuyilapho isebenza njengezinombolo kolunye.

Isixazululo ukuphoqa i-VirtualBox ukuthi iyeke ukuvumelanisa ama-LED ekhibhodi nesivakashi. Ku-Windows, vula umyalo womyalo njengomlawuli, zulazulela kufolda yokufaka i-VirtualBox (imvamisa. "C: \\ Amafayela Ohlelo \\ Oracle \\ VirtualBox") bese usebenzisa umyalo olandelayo, ulungisa igama eliqondile le-VM yakho:

VBoxManage setextradata "Nombre de la máquina virtual entrecomillado" GUI/HidLedsSync "0"

Uma lokhu kusetshenziswa, lapho i-Num Lock ivulwa kukhompuyutha yakho yokusingatha, Kuzoba nakuso isivakashiKuyindlela esheshayo yokugwema ukushintsha njalo phakathi kwamasistimu amabili. Uma usebenzisa i-numpad kakhulu, izokongela izinkinga eziningi.

Ukhiye we-backslash ku-Linux ngekhibhodi yesiJalimane: AltGr, Ctrl kanye nokhiye wokubamba

Ekusakazweni okufana ne-Kali ngokusatshalaliswa kwesiJalimane, i-backslash \ ivamise ukubhalwa ngayo I-AltGr+ßEzindaweni eziningi ze-Linux, i-Ctrl+Alt ihunyushwa njengelingana ne-AltGr, ngakho futhi iyasebenza. Nokho, uma unikeze ukhiye womsingathi ku-AltGr ku-VirtualBox, inhlanganisela ngeke ifinyelele isivakashi.

Ukuze ulungise lokhu, hlola kokuthi Ifayela > Izintandokazi > Faka ukuthi uyini ukhiye wakho Wokubamba bese ukhetha ongangqubuzani ne-AltGr. Inani elizenzakalelayo (u-Ctrl kwesokudla) ngokuvamile yilona elinengqondo kakhulu.Okulandelayo, ngaphakathi kohlelo lokusebenza lwesivakashi, hlola ukwakheka kwekhibhodi: e-Kali, ungasishintsha kusuka kusixhumi esibonakalayo esibonakalayo noma nge-setxkbmap. Ngokwesibonelo:

setxkbmap de

Uma namanje ungakwazi ukuthayipha i-backslash, zama ukwahluka kwemephu ethi "German (nodeadkeys)" ezinkethweni zekhibhodi zemvelo yedeskithophu yakho. Ukugwema okhiye abafile kusiza ukwenza i-AltGr iqonde kakhudlwanaFuthi khumbula: ungasebenzisi izinhlanganisela nokhiye wokuba ngusokhaya ukuze uthayiphe; ukhiye wokuba usokhaya owezinqamuleli ze-VirtualBox, hhayi owesivakashi.

Uma i-Ctrl ingasebenzi ku-Debian noma i-nano iziba izinqamuleli

Iqiniso lokuthi ku-nano, uma ucindezela u-^X, kuvela u-"x" esikhundleni sokuvala, liphakamisa lokho I-Ctrl ayitholwa njengesilungisiLokhu kungenzeka kungenxa yemephu yekhibhodi engalungile, isendlalelo sika-X esingathathi isilungisi, noma ukungqubuzana nokhiye wokuba usokhaya.

Izincomo ezisebenzayo ezisekelwe ezimweni zangempela ngesivakashi se-Debian Squeeze kumsingathi we-Wheezy: qinisekisa ukuthi imephu yesivakashi ilungile ("thina" uma ikhibhodi yakho ise-USA) "nge-dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration" noma "localectl" kumasistimu amasha. Shintsha ukhiye wokuba ngusokhaya ube omunye ngaphandle kuka-Ctrl Akuyona i-AltGr, isibonelo, noma ukhiye welogo olungile. Futhi zama izinqamuleli kokubili kukhonsoli ehlanzekile (TTY) nangaphakathi kuka-X ukuze unciphise inkinga.

Uma ihluleka kuphela endaweni ethile yesithombe, zama enye (ngokwesibonelo, shintsha itheminali ezenzakalelayo ufake i-xterm noma i-gnome-terminal) ukuze ubone ukuthi kuyinkinga yokuthwebula izinqamuleli. Amanye ama-emulators avimba inhlanganisela futhi zidinga ukubakhubaza kulokho abakuthandayo.

Izilungiselelo ze-VirtualBox ezithinta ikhibhodi negundane

Ezilungiselelweni ze-VM, ngaphansi kokuthi Isistimu > Ibhodi Lomama, hlola idivayisi yokukhomba: "PS/2 Mouse", "USB Tablet" noma "USB Multi-Touch Tablet". Ezivakashini eziningi ze-Linux, i-USB Tablet ithuthukisa ukuhlanganisa kwesikhombi.Uma ubona igundane liqina, shintsha phakathi kwalezo zinketho bese uhlola.

Kusistimu > Iphrosesa, gwema ukunika amandla ukusheshisa okuningi kunokudingekile uma uhlangabezana nokuphahlazeka ngemva kwemizuzu embalwa. Noma ngabe i-AMD-V inikwe amandla, Awudingi ukuthinta isidleke noma i-paravirtualization ethuthukisiwe. Ukuze wenze ikhibhodi isebenze, gxila esigabeni Sokokufaka.

Ku-USB, susa noma yiziphi izihlungi ongazisebenzisi. Izihlungi ze-USB ezilungiselelwe ngokungalungile zinga... Thwebula ikhibhodi ebonakalayo noma igundane ngaphandle komsingathiLokhu kukushiya ungenakho ukulawula ku-Windows ngenkathi i-VM izama "ukuyibamba". Uma udinga i-USB 2.0/3.0 kusivakashi, faka I-Extension Pack ehambisana nenguqulo yakho ye-VirtualBox, ngoba ngaphandle kwayo, ukusekelwa kwe-USB okuthuthukisiwe ngeke kusebenze kahle. Ukuze ubuyekeze ukucushwa kwe-VM, sebenzisa izinketho kusixhumi esibonakalayo se-VirtualBox.

Izengezo Zezivakashi kanye Nephakethe Lokunweba: Kwenza nini umehluko?

Ukungabi Nezengezo Zezivakashi noma Izandiso Zokusingatha (Iphakethe Lesandiso) elifakiwe akuvimbeli ikhibhodi eyisisekelo ukuthi isebenze, kodwa Ukuhlanganiswa kuthuthukiswa kakhulu Ngezengezo ZezivakashiNge-Kali noma i-Debian, faka izihloko ze-kernel bese uhlanganisa amamojula:

sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y build-essential dkms linux-headers-$(uname -r)
sudo sh /media/<usuario>/VBox_GAs_*/VBoxLinuxAdditions.run

Ngemva kokuqala kabusha, ukuvumelanisa kwegundane elihlanganisiwe nebhodi lokunamathisela ngokuvamile kusebenza kangcono. Ukwengezwa Kwezihambeli akulungisi ukhiye Wokusingatha okhethwe kabiKodwa-ke, bayawavimbela amaphutha okungena futhi basheshise isendlalelo sezithombe, okuthi kwezinye izimo kubangele ukuphahlazeka okusobala. Uma udinga imiyalelo ethile ye buyekeza Izengezo Zezivakashi Ze-VirtualBox Bheka umhlahlandlela ofanele.

Mayelana ne-Extension Pack: yifake kumsingathi kuphela uma uyidinga I-USB 2.0/3.0, VRDP noma i-PXE ye-Intel. Qondanisa inguqulo ncamashi (isb., 6.1.22 r144080 ne-Extension Pack 6.1.22) ukuze ugweme ukungahambisani.

Uma yonke into iphuka ngemuva kokuqala kabusha kokuqala: amathiphu nokulungiswa

I-VM esebenza ekuqaliseni kwayo kokuqala bese yehluleka ngokuvamile ikhomba ukusho izinguquko ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokuvalwa: Ukuvumelanisa kwe-LED (Num Lock), ukubuyisela ukuthwebula ukhiye, Izihlungi ze-USB ezisebenzayo, noma iphutha elithile enguqulweni ethile ye-VirtualBox.

Imihlahlandlela esebenzayo kuleso simo (Windows 10 host + Kali guest):
- Khubaza okwesikhashana zonke izihlungi ze-USB futhi uqalise. Uma ikhibhodi ibuya ivuliwe, usumtholile onecala. futhi ungakwazi ukucwenga isihlungi kamuva.
- Shintsha idivayisi yokukhomba phakathi kwe-PS/2 ne-USB Tablet ukuze ubone ukuthi igundane liyayeka yini ukubanda.
- Qinisekisa ukuthwebula ukhiye othomathikhi nokuthi ukhiye Wokubamba akuyona i-AltGr.
- Faka ukulungiselelwa kweNum Lock nge-GUI/HidLedsSync «0» ukuze uvimbele izimo ezihlanekezelwe.
– Thuthukela ekuketulweni kwakamuva okuzinzile kwegatsha 6.1 (noma ngaphezulu) uma uku-6.1.22 r144080; Izimbungulu eziningi zilungiswa phakathi kokwakhiwa..

Uma usola i-Hyper-V kodwa ukholwa ukuthi ayisebenzi, qinisekisa ku-Windows ngokuthi "Vula noma uvale izici ze-Windows" bese ungamaka i-Hyper-V, i-Windows Hypervisor Platform, ne-WSL2 uma ungazidingi. I-Hyper-V ingaphazamisa ukwenziwa kwezinto ezibonakalayonoma ngabe i-AMD-V isebenza ku-BIOS.

Amamephu ekhibhodi nesakhiwo phakathi komsingathi nesivakashi

Kubalulekile ukuthi isakhiwo sekhibhodi yesivakashi sifane nesakhiwo esibonakalayo sekhibhodi yakho. Uma ikhibhodi yakho isiJalimane futhi isivakashi sicabanga ukuthi i-US, I-backslash ngeke ibe lapho uyilindele.Lungisa ku-Linux usebenzisa amathuluzi ezithombe noma imiyalo:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration
# o
setxkbmap de
# variantes útiles
setxkbmap de nodeadkeys

Ezimweni zegraphic, hlola futhi inketho ethi "Dead keys" futhi uyikhubaze uma usebenzisa njalo izinqamuleli nge-AltGr. Ukwenza imephu ngendlela efanele kuvimbela izingozi ezingamaphesenti angama-80. enezimpawu ezinjengokuthi \, @ noma | lolo shintsho phakathi kokusabalalisa.

Izinqamuleli ze-VirtualBox ezingase ziphazamise

I-VirtualBox inezinqamuleli zayo zisebenzisa ukhiye Wokubamba, isibonelo, ukuze khulula ikhesa noma shintsha imodi yesikriniUma uzigqagqana ngezinqamuleli zesivakashi ungaqondile, i-VirtualBox "izowina." Kokuthi Okuncanyelwayo > Okokufaka > Izinqamuleli, buyekeza futhi uvale noma yiziphi izinqamuleli ezingqubuzana nokugeleza komsebenzi wakho, ikakhulukazi uma wenza izinhlelo eziningi noma ukuhlela kutheminali.

Okwakudala: uma wabela i-Host+Del ukuthi "Faka u-Ctrl+Alt+Del", ungase uzame ukusebenzisa izinhlanganisela ezifanayo kusivakashi futhi umangazwe ukuziphatha okungajwayelekile. Shiya okubalulekile kuphela kusebenza ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana.

Ukuxilongwa okusheshayo isinyathelo ngesinyathelo

Uma konke kwehluleka, sebenzisa lo mdwebo wesinqumo esincane, ofinyeza esikubonile ezimweni zomhlaba wangempela kanye nezinyathelo ezisebenzayo:
- Ingabe iwindi le-VM ligxilile futhi ingabe ukuthwebula ukhiye kuyasebenza? Uma kungenjalo, yivule. Ngaphandle kokugxila, isivakashi asitholi lutho..
– Ingabe ukhiye Wokusingatha i-AltGr? Ishintshe iye kwesokudla ku-Ctrl noma ukhiye welogo ongakwesokudla.
– Ingabe iNum Lock ibuyiselwe emuva phakathi komsingathi nesivakashi? Faka i-GUI/HidLedsSync "0".
- Ingabe izihlungi ze-USB ziyasebenza? Zivale bese uzama futhi.
– Ingabe imephu yekhibhodi ilungile kusivakashi? Lungisa nge-setxkbmap noma i-dpkg-reconfigure.
Ingabe ihluleka kuphela ku-X noma ku-TTY kuphela? Zama itheminali ehlukile noma hlola izinqamuleli ze-emulator.
- Ingabe usebenzisa inguqulo endala ye-VirtualBox? Buyekeza enguqulweni yakamuva yegatsha lakho.
- Ingabe udinga i-USB 2.0/3.0? Faka Iphakethe Lesandiso elihambisana nenguqulo yakho.

Uma i-VM isamile ngemva kwakho konke lokhu, dala i-VM entsha ekhomba idiski ebonakalayo efanayo ukuze ukhiphe inkohlakalo yokumisa. Ngokuvamile idiski ilungile futhi yifayela elithi .vbox elidala inkingaUkuze uqonde indlela yokuvula noma ukulungisa a .vbox ifayela Bheka umhlahlandlela ofanele. Ukungenisa kabusha umshini kagesi (i-OVA) nakho kuyisixazululo esisheshayo uma bekuyindawo yakho yokuqala.

Esikufundile emacaleni angempela

Mayelana necala le-Windows 10 + VirtualBox 6.1.22 + Kali: inhlanganisela yokungabi nazo Izengezo Zezivakashi noma Iphakethe Lesandiso, kanye nezihlungi ze-USB nokungabaza ngokhiye Wokusingatha, Kugcine esimeni sekhibhodi negundane elifile Ngemva kokuvala shaqa kokuqala, ukusetha ukhiye wokuba usokhaya uye kwesokudla u-Ctrl, ukhubaza izihlungi ze-USB, futhi unike amandla okokufaka okubuyiselwe kokuthwebula kokhiye ozenzakalelayo. Ukulungisa ukuvumelanisa kwe-Num Lock kuvimbele ukungahambi kahle lapho ushintsha phakathi kwamasistimu.

Endabeni ye-Debian Squeeze: ngemephu yase-USA ezenzakalelayo kanye nokhiye Wokusingatha uhanjiswe kukhiye welogo ongakwesokudla, abanye abasebenzisi abakwazanga ukusebenzisa u-Ctrl ku-nano. kuyilapho abanye bekwazile ukuphindaphinda u-Ctrl+X ngaphandle kwenkingaUmehluko? Umongo (i-console vs X), i-terminal emulator, kanye nokuthwebula isinqamuleli. Ukuyisa ku-TTY nokubheka lapho kusize ukuhlukanisa inkinga ohlangothini lwezithombe.

Futhi mayelana nodaba lwe-AltGr+ß: I-VirtualBox akufanele isolwe uma imephu yesivakashi ingalungile noma uma sintshontsha i-AltGr ngokhiye Wokubamba. Ku-Linux, i-AltGr ingcwele kumasimbuli thanda \ noma | ekwabiweni okuthile; ukugcina lowo khiye ku-VirtualBox kufana nokwakha ibhulokhi ozibekela yona.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Esheshayo

Ingabe ngidinga ukufaka Izengezo Zezivakashi ukuze ikhibhodi isebenze? Cha, ikhibhodi eyisisekelo isebenza ngaphandle kwazoKodwa ukuhlanganiswa (igundane, isikrini, ibhodi lokunamathisela) kuthuthukisa kakhulu Ngezengezo futhi kuvame ukuqeda okungavamile.

Ingabe i-Hyper-V ingakwazi ukuphula ikhibhodi ku-VirtualBox? Kumakhompyutha e-Windows, I-Hyper-V ingase iphazamise ukwenziwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo Ngenjwayelo. Ikhubaze uma ungayidingi (bese uyiqalisa kabusha) ukuze ukhiphe izingxabano.

Kungani ihluleka ku-nano kuphela? Ngoba i-nano, itheminali, noma i-X ingaba ukuphazamisa noma ukuchaza kabusha izilungisiZama ukusebenzisa i-TTY (Ctrl+Alt+F2) ukuze uhlole ukuthi inkinga yesistimu noma isendlalelo sezithombe.

Kwenzekani ku-Num Lock lapho uqala i-VM? Ezinye izinguqulo ze-VirtualBox Balahla isimo se-LED phakathi kosokhaya nesivakashi. Isilungiselelo se-GUI/HidLedsSync "0" siyishiya ngaphansi kolawulo lomsingathi.

Ngemva kokuzama zonke lezi zindlela, ikhibhodi ngokuvamile ibuyela ekuphileni ngokulungisa amaphuzu amathathu: ukugwema i-AltGr njengokhiye Wokubamba, ukuqondanisa imephu yekhibhodi yesivakashi nemephu yekhibhodi engokoqobo yosokhaya, kanye nokwenza lula ukuvumelanisa kwe-Num Lock ngomyalo we-VBoxManage. Uma futhi uhlanza izihlungi ze-USB, vumela ukuthwebula okuzenzakalelayo, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi usebenzisa izinguqulo ezihambisanayo ze-VirtualBox kanye ne-Extension Pack yayo.Igundane elithi "ghost" nezindaba zekhibhodi ziyanyamalala. Futhi uma uzithola unamathele kukhiye we-Ctrl ongasebenzi ku-Debian noma i-backslash eqinile e-Kali enesakhiwo sesiJalimane, khumbula: zama i-TTY, hlola izinqamuleli ze-terminal, futhi unganiki i-VirtualBox ukhiye i-Linux edinga ukuthayipha izimpawu ezibalulekile.