Umhlahlandlela ophelele wokulungisa iWindows ngemuva kwegciwane eliyingozi

Uma igciwane eliyingozi lishaya i-Windows PC yakho, isilingo siwukucindezela zonke izinkinobho ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kungcono ukuthatha umoya ojulile futhi ulandele ukuhleleka okunengqondo. Ngohlelo olucacile ungakwazi ukuhlukanisa usongo, ukhiphe amagciwane, ulungise isistimu, futhi ubuyisele ukuzinza ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa idatha eyengeziwe kunesidingo.

Kulo mhlahlandlela osebenzayo sihlanganisa ndawonye izinqubo ezizanyiwe nezihloliwe kanye nezinsiza ezakhelwe ngaphakathi ze-Windows, kanye namathuluzi ahloniphekile ezinkampani zangaphandle. Uzofunda ukuhlonza izimpawu zokutheleleka okunzima, qalisa kuModi Ephephile, sebenzisa i-SFC ne-DISM (ngisho noma ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi), lungisa izinkinga zokuqalisa, futhi unqume ukuthi uzofaka nini kabusha.Yonke into ngolimi oluqondile, ukuze ungadideki ngesikhathi esibi kakhulu. Ake siqale.Umhlahlandlela ophelele wokulungisa iWindows ngemuva kwegciwane eliyingozi: izinyathelo zokubuyisela i-PC yakho.

Izimpawu ezicacile zokutheleleka kanye nomonakalo ku-Windows

Ngaphambi kokuthi uthinte noma yini, kuwumqondo omuhle ukwazi ukuthi ubhekene nani. Izimpawu zohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha olunamandla noma inkohlakalo yefayela lesistimu zifaka phakathi Izaziso ezisolisayo ezingaveli kusivikeli magciwane sakho sangempela, izigelekeqe ezikumema ukuthi ukhokhele "ukulungiswa kwezimangaliso," nezinguquko ongazivumeli.

Hlola ukuthi isiphequluli siziphatha ngendlela exakile: ukuqondisa kabusha okuzenzakalelayo, ikhasi eliyisiqalo elivinjiwe, noma imigoqo yokusesha engafunekiEzinye izimpawu zokutheleleka zihlanganisa amafayela avinjiwe e-.exe kanye ne-.msi, amamenyu okuqala angenalutho, noma isizinda sedeskithophu "esingaphenduli."

Enye i-classic: Isithonjana se-antivirus siyanyamalala noma siyehluleka ukuqalaOkufakiwe okungajwayelekile kungase kuvele kokuthi Isiphathi Sedivayisi; uma kuboniswa amadivaysi afihliwe, abashayeli abanonya abalayishwe kwimodi ye-kernel kwesinye isikhathi bayavela.

Akuyona yonke into ewuhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha: kunezimbangela "zomshini" ezifana nokucisha kukagesi ngesikhathi sokubuyekezwa, abashayeli abangahambisani, imikhakha emibi kudiski, noma i-bloatware ezilayisha kakhulu isistimu futhi ziphule amafayela abalulekile, okubangela izikrini eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ukwehluleka kwebhuthi.

Hlukanisa idivayisi, Imodi Ephephile, kanye Nokuxilongwa Okusheshayo

Into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukunqamula ukuxhumana. Nqamula i-PC yakho ku-inthanethi (ikhebula ne-Wi-Fi) futhi ugweme ukuxhuma amadivaysi e-USB. kuze kube isimo sizinza. Uma ukhuluma kancane nabantu bangaphandle, yehlisa ingozi yokukhishwa kwedatha.

Iqala ngo Imodi ephephile ukuze iWindows ilayishe ubuncane obungenalutho futhi ukwazi ukusebenza. Uma udinga ukulanda amathuluzi athembekile, sebenzisa Imodi ephephile enenethiwekhi futhi kangcono ngekhebula. Le "capped" imvelo ibambezela ama-ejenti amaningi ajovwe ekuqaleni futhi ikunikeza isikhala sokuhlaziya.

Lapho amafayela we-.exe ehluleka ukuvula ngoba ukutheleleka kwephule ukuhlangana kwawo, kukhona iqhinga eliwusizo: Qamba kabusha isifaki noma ithuluzi lokuhlanza ukusuka ku-.exe kuye ku-.com futhi uyigijime. Ezimweni eziningi, idlula ukukhiya kwegobolondo futhi ikuvumela ukuthi uqhubeke.

Ukuze ulungise kahle, thembela ku-Sysinternals: I-Process Explorer yokuhlola izinqubo ezisayiniwe nama-DLLkanye nama-Autoruns ukuhlola ukuqalisa okuzenzakalelayo (Run, amasevisi, imisebenzi, abashayeli, izandiso). Qalisa njengomlawuli, vala ngokuqaphela noma yini esolisayo, futhi nezinguquko zedokhumenti. Hlaziya inqubo yokuqalisa usebenzisa i-BootTrace ngokuxilongwa okuthuthukile.

Ngaphambi kokuskena kwe-antivirus, Hlanza amafayela esikhashana usebenzisa i-Disk Cleanup kanye nezinketho ze-inthanethiUkuskena kuzoba ngokushesha futhi "kunomsindo" omncane ovela kumafayela ayinsalela noma ukulanda okunonya.

Ukuhlanza: Hlanganisa ukuskena okufunwayo kanye ne-antivirus yabahlali

Okokuqala bulala amagciwane, bese ulungisa iWindows. I-antivirus yesikhathi sangempela iqapha ngokuqhubekayo, kodwa kuwumqondo omuhle ukuthola umbono wesibili ngesikena esidingeka kakhulu.Gwema ukuba nezinjini ezimbili ezihlala ngesikhathi esisodwa: zizoshayisana zodwa.

Uma i-antivirus yakho iphuthelwe usongo, ungathembeli ukuthi izoyibamba manje. Dawuniloda iskena esithembekile esifunwayo (isb., Malwarebytes) kusuka kuwebhusayithi yaso esemthethweniUma kungekho ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi kukhompuyutha ethintekile, yilande kwenye i-PC bese uyidlulisela nge-USB.

Faka, buyekeza amasiginesha, futhi uqalise a ukuhlaziya okusheshayoUma kukhona okutholiwe, susa izinto ezikhethiwe bese uqala kabusha lapho uyalwa. Bese wenza ukuhlaziya okuphelele Ngaphezu kwakho konke, uma isithwebuli sizivala ngokwaso noma singavuli, ukutheleleka kunolaka: ngemuva kokugcina idatha, cabanga ukufaka kabusha noma ukubuyisela ukugwema ukuchitha isikhathi nokujaha i-rootkit.

Lungisa amafayela esistimu nge-SFC ne-DISM

Ngemuva "kokushanela," kuvamile ukuthi izingxenye ezithile zesistimu zihlale zilimele. IWindows ihlanganisa i-SFC (Isihloli Sefayela Lesistimu) kanye ne-DISM ukuze kubuyiselwe ubuqotho yamafayela avikelwe kanye nezingxenye zezithombe.

I-SFC Qhathanisa ifayela ngalinye elivikelwe nekhophi yalo ethembekile bese ubuyisela noma yimaphi awonakele. Vula i-Command Prompt njengomlawuli bese ugijima sfc /scannowKungase kuthathe isikhathi, ngakho yiba nesineke. Humusha umphumela kanje:

• Akukho ukwephulwa kobuqotho: Akukho konakala kwesistimu.
• Wathola futhi walungisa: Umonakalo uxazululwe ngenqolobane yendawo.
• Ayikwazanga ukulungisa ezinye: shintshela ku-DISM bese uphinda i-SFC kamuva.
• Umsebenzi awukwazanga ukwenziwa: Zama ukuqalisa kumodi ephephile noma usebenzise imidiya yokutakula.

Uma iWindows ingaqali, qalisa I-SFC ayixhunyiwe ku-inthanethi kusuka ku-Recovery Environment (USB/DVD): sfc /scannow /offbootdir=C:\ /offwindir=C:\Windows (lungisa izinhlamvu ngokwendaba yakho). Lokhu kuvumela ukufakwa ukuba kulungiswe "kusuka ngaphandle"..

Uma inqolobane esetshenziswa yi-SFC nayo yonakalisiwe, i-DISM iyakhahlela. I-DISM iqinisekisa futhi ilungisa isithombe edingwa yi-SFC njengereferensi. Ku-CMD njengomlawuli:

• dism /online /cleanup-image /checkhealth - isheke ngokushesha.
• dism /online /cleanup-image /scanhealth - scan ephelele.
• dism /online /cleanup-image /restorehealth - ukulungisa usebenzisa umthombo wendawo noma we-inthanethi.

Ukulandelana okunconyiwe: SFC → DISM /scanhealth → DISM /restorehealth → DISM /startcomponentcleanup → SFC Futhi ukuze kuhlanganiswe. Ku-Windows 7, i-DISM yesimanje ayitholakali: sebenzisa Ithuluzi Lokulungela Isibuyekezo Sesistimu Ukungahambisani kwezitaki ze-Microsoft.

Njengesinyathelo sokugcina, ungashintsha ifayela elithile elingalungiseki. Ikhombe kulogi ye-SFC futhi esikhundleni sayo ufake ikhophi yenguqulo efanayo bese uyakha.Imiyalo ejwayelekile: takeown, icacls y copyKwenze kuphela uma wazi ukuthi wenzani.

Izinkinga zokuqalisa: Ukulungisa ukuqalisa, i-bootrec nediski

Uma iWindows yehluleka ukufinyelela kudeskithophu, onecala kungaba umphathi we-boot noma amaphutha afana nala INACCESSIBLE_BOOT_DEVICE. Kusuka Endaweni Yokubuyisela, sebenzisa Ukulungisa Ukuqalisa ukulungisa izihibe nokokufaka okonakele.

Lapho lokho akwanele, vula Umyalo osheshayo nokusebenzisa bootrec /rebuildbcd, bootrec /fixmbr y bootrec /fixboot ukwenza kabusha i-BCD, i-MBR kanye nomkhakha we-boot. Inkohlakalo eminingi yokuqala ixazululwa ngalo mthathuSicela uqaphele ukuthi imisebenzi efana Ukuqalisa okusheshayo kungenza kube nzima ukulungisa okuthile kokuqalisa.

Uma usola ukwehluleka ngokomzimba, hlola idiski: chkdsk C: /f /r sesha imikhakha enesici futhi uhambise idathaSicela wazi ukuthi kungathatha amahora kuye ngosayizi nesimo sediski.

Enye indlela ukuqala kusuka ku-a Ukufakwa noma ukutholwa kwe-USBNgethuluzi le-Microsoft lokudala imidiya, ungayakha kwenye i-PC futhi ufinyelele kuzo zonke izinketho zokuthola kabusha, ukwaziswa komyalo, noma ukufake kabusha uma kunesidingo.

Ukubuyiselwa kwesistimu nama-backups

Lapho inhlekelele igadla ngemva koshintsho oluthile (umshayeli, uhlelo, isibuyekezo), Ukubuyisela Isistimu kukubuyisela endaweni yangaphambilini ngaphandle kokuthinta amadokhumenti akho. Ulahlekelwa isofthiwe efakwe ngemva kwephuzu, kodwa uthola ukuzinza.

Uma ujwayele ukuba umhleli, kungcono nakakhulu: Izipele zesithombe sesistimu nomlando wefayela Zikuvumela ukuthi ubuyisele amafayela noma indawo yakho yonke. Cabangela ukuvumelanisa amadokhumenti ne-OneDrive ukuze uthole inetha yokuphepha eyengeziwe.

Registry Editor: Vikela Izipele futhi Buyisela

Irekhodi lithambile. Ngaphambi kokuyithinta, Yenza ukuthunyelwa okuphelele kusuka ku-regedit (Ifayela → Thumela) bese ulondoloza ifayela le-.reg endaweni ephephile. Uma kukhona okungahambanga kahle, chofoza kabili ukuze ukubuyisele futhi uqale kabusha.

Gwema izikhiye "zokuthena" ngokungaboni. Ukususa ngephutha kungavimbela iWindows ukuthi ingaqalisiUma ungabaza, ungayithinti; amathuluzi afana ne-DISM aphephe kakhudlwana ukulungisa umnyombo wesistimu.

Lungisa iWindows ngaphandle kwe-CD: I-USB, izinketho ezithuthukisiwe nokufaka kabusha

Namuhla, kuvamile ukusebenzisa i-USB. Dala imidiya yokutakula usebenzisa ithuluzi elisemthethweni le-MicrosoftVula kuyo bese ufinyelela Ukulungisa Ukuqalisa, Ukubuyisela Isistimu, noma I-Command Prompt ukuze uthole imiyalo yokulungisa.

Uma uhlelo luhlala lungazinzile, cabanga a setha kabusha (“Setha kabusha le PC”) ngenketho yokugcina amafayela. Isusa izinhlelo zokusebenza nezishayeli, kodwa igcina imibhalo. Ayinamandla kakhulu kunokufometha futhi imvamisa yanele..

Uma kunezinkomba ze-rootkit noma ukukhohlisa okujulile, into enengqondo futhi esheshayo ukuyenza ukufakwa okuhlanzekilePhinda uthole amafayela omuntu siqu (ungabuyisi okusebenzisekayo okungabazekayo), faka kusuka ku-ISO eqinisekisiwe, futhi ngemuva kokuqalisa kokuqala, Sebenzisa izibuyekezo ezisemthethweni nabashayeli. ngaphambi kokushintshela ku-software yakho evamile.

Izixazululi zezinkinga ezididiyelwe nokulungiswa okusebenzayo

IWindows ihlanganisa abaxazululi bezinkinga Okomsindo, inethiwekhi, amaphrinta, nokuningi. Ungazisebenzisa kokuthi Izilungiselelo → Isistimu → Ukuxazulula inkinga; abenzi izimangaliso, kodwa Zonga isikhathi ezehlakalweni ezijwayelekile.

Ngokusebenza, Ukuqapha ukusebenza Kuyasiza ukuthola i-CPU, inkumbulo, noma amabhodlela ediski. Bheka Isiphathi Somsebenzi: izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezisebenza ekuqaleni zehlisa izikhathi zokuqalisa, ngakho khubaza izinto ezingadingekile kuthebhu ethi Ikhaya.

Ukunakekelwa okuyisisekelo kuhamba ibanga elide: Ukuhlanza ifayela lesikhashana, ukuphathwa kwesikhala, nokuhlukaniswa kwe-HDDUngawenzi ama-SSD; IWindows isivele iwalungiselela nge-TRIM, futhi ukuphambanisa kufinyeza impilo yabo.

Ukuvuselelwa kweWindows: Vuselela futhi ulungise lapho kwehluleka

Izibuyekezo azizona nje "izici ezintsha": Bavala ubungozi futhi balungise iziphazamisiUma i-Windows Update ihluleka, qala ngokuqalisa kabusha, usebenzisa isixazululi senkinga yaso, futhi uqinisekise uxhumano (akukho VPN/Proxy, hlanza i-DNS nge. ipconfig /flushdns).

Uma kuqhubeka, I-SFC ne-DISM ziyenzekafuthi ususe okuqukethwe (hhayi amafolda) kwe C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution y C:\Windows\System32\catroot2 namasevisi amisiwe. Bese uzama ukulanda futhi. noma faka ngesandla usuka ku-Microsoft Update Catalogue.

Kunamakhodi amaphutha ajwayelekile anezindlela ezijwayelekile. Ukuxhumana noma inqolobane (0x80072EE2, 0x80246013, 80072EFE, 0x80240061): Hlola i-firewall/ummeleli futhi usule inqolobane. Izingxenye ezikhohlakele (0x80070490, 0x80073712, 0x8e5e03fa, 0x800f081f): I-DISM + SFC ivamise ukuyilungisa. Amasevisi avinjiwe (0x80070422, 0x80240FFF, 0x8007043c, 0x8024A000): qala kabusha amasevisi, i-boot ehlanzekile nesithombe sokulungisa.

Ezimweni ezithile, ama-patches athinta ukwahlukanisa okubuyisela Angase adinge ukushintshwa kosayizi (ngokwesibonelo, izimbungulu ezithile ze-WinRE). Uma kungekho okubonakala kulungile, faka isibuyekezo usebenzisa i-ISO esemthethweni. Isindisa impilo yamabhulokhi adlulayo.

Amaphutha ajwayelekile: isikrini esiluhlaza, ukusebenza kancane, nokungqubuzana

I-BSOD ivamise ukukhomba abashayeli noma ihadiwe. Qaphela ikhodi, buyekeza izishayeli (izithombe, i-chipset, inethiwekhi), futhi wenze ukuhlolwa kokuhlonza inkumbulo.Uma iqale ngemva kwesibuyekezo, buyisela emuva noma sebenzisa iphoyinti lokubuyisela.

Uma i-PC yakho isebenza kancane, yenza okuyisisekelo: Khipha izinhlelo ongazisebenzisi, hlanza amafayela esikhashana, futhi uthuthukise ukuqalisa.Ku-HDD yakho, yihlukanise; futhi uma ukwazi, shintshela ku-SSD: Ukugxuma kwe-fluidity kunonya.

Ukungqubuzana kwesoftware kuyakhohlisa. I-boot ehlanzekile isiza ukuthola uhlelo lokusebenza oluyinkingaUkugijima kumodi ehambisanayo kwesinye isikhathi kwanele, futhi uma uhlelo luqhubeka, kuhle ukuthi ubheke enye indlela.

I-Microsoft Defender: isisekelo esiqinile nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma ingaqali

I-Defender ihlanganisa i-antivirus, i-firewall, nokuvikela kwesikhathi sangempela ngamasiginesha azenzakalelayo. Kubantu abaningi, kwanele uma behlala benolwazi lwakamuvaUma ingaqali, hlola ukungqubuzana nezinye izinhlelo zokulwa namagciwane, izinsiza ezikhutshaziwe, nezibuyekezo ezingaphelele.

Amaphutha ajwayelekile njengokuthi 0x8050800c, 0x80240438, 0x8007139f, 0x800700aa, 0x800704ec, 0x80073b01, 0x800106ba o 0x80070005 Ngokuvamile baxazulula ngokuhlanganisa izibuyekezo zesiginesha, ukuhlanza izinsalela zesofthiwe yokulwa namagciwane yangaphambilini, i-SFC/DISM, kanye ne-boot ehlanzekile. Ngenjini eyodwa kuphela yokuhlala, ukuphilisana kunokuthula kakhulu..

Isiphequluli esiduniwe: izinjini ezingafuneki nezandiso

Uma beshintsha injini yakho yokusesha noma bengeza amabha wamathuluzi engeziwe ngaphandle kokucela imvume, ngena kuzilungiselelo zesiphequluli sakho futhi Isusa izinjini ezingafuneki, ishiye eyakho njengokumisiwe.Hlola izandiso futhi ukhiphe noma yiziphi ezisolisayo.

Isizathu ngokuvamile izifaki ezinamabhokisi akhethwe ngaphambili, i-adware, noma uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha olushintsha izilungiseleloHlala ulanda emithonjeni esemthethweni futhi ungahlali uchofoza "Okulandelayo, okulandelayo" ngaphandle kokubheka.

Ukutholwa kwedatha: okufanele ukwenze ngaphambi kokuthi "usebenze"

Uma amadokhumenti akho esengozini, beka phambili ukuwavikela. Nge-Windows noma i-Linux Live USB ungakwazi ukukopisha amafayela kudrayivu yangaphandleKusuka Endaweni Yokubuyisela, i-Notepad isetshenziselwa ukuvula i-Explorer encane (Ifayela → Vula) bese ukopisha.

Ngamafayela asusiwe noma amavolumu angafinyeleleki, izinhlelo zokutakula ezifana ne-Recuva noma i-EaseUS noma i-Stellar Ungakwazi ukutakula kancane inqobo nje uma ungabhali phezu kwedatha. Uma usebenzisa kancane idiski ethintekile, ungalulama kakhulu. amathuba amaningi okuphumelela.

Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kabusha kanye nemikhuba emihle

Gwema ukungahambi kahle ngokuphindaphindiwe ngenhlanzeko eyisisekelo: Gcina iWindows nezinhlelo zokusebenza kusesikhathini samanje, sebenzisa isofthiwe ethembekile yokulwa namagciwane, futhi uskene imidiya ekhiphekayo. Ngaphambi kokuwavula. Ukungabaza okunempilo okunama-imeyili asolisayo nezixhumanisi kukusindisa enkingeni.

Ngemuva kokutheleleka, Buyekeza ama-akhawunti akho azwelayo (amabhange, i-imeyili, inkundla yezokuxhumana) futhi ushintshe amaphasiwedi akho.Uma ubuyisela izipele, zihlaziye: kungcono ukulahlekelwa ikhophi endala kunokubuyisela igciwane.

Uma ufaka kabusha isofthiwe, Landa kumasayithi asemthethweni futhi ugweme "amaphakethe ezimangaliso"Uma inkinga ibuya ngemva kokusetha kabusha, umthombo ungaba ngaphandle: izifaki ezonakele, amadrayivu e-USB atheleleke, noma enye ikhompuyutha enegciwane kunethiwekhi yakho.

Kunini lapho kufaneleka ukwenza ukufaka okuhlanzekile?

Kunezimpawu ezicacile: Ukulungisa okungasebenzi, uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha luphinde luvele, uhlelo luhlala lungazinzile noma amathuluzi okuhlanza ayavinjwa. Kuleso simo, ukufakwa okuhlanzekile okwenziwe kahle kubalulekile. Ixazulula izifo ezingama-100%. futhi ngokuvamile ikusindisa amahora wokujaha.

Hlonipha uhlelo olunelayisense lwe-Windows (Ikhaya, i-Pro, njll.), Yeqa ukhiye phakathi nokufaka futhi uwuvule ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngelayisensi yedijithali. Ungabuyisi okusetshenziswayo okuvela emithonjeni engabazekayo, sebenzisa izibuyekezo, faka abashayeli abasemthethweni, bese ufaka isofthiwe yakho evamile.

Landela uhlelo lohambo oluhlelekile—zihlukanise, bulala amagciwane ngesithwebuli esifunwa kakhulu, lungisa nge-SFC/DISM, sebenzisa izinketho zokutakula, futhi unqume ngokuhlakanipha ukuthi ungasetha kabusha noma ufake kabusha— Ibuyisela ukuzinza ku-Windows futhi ikuvikela ekubuyiseleni emuva.Ngokulungiswa okuvamile, izipele, kanye nokuthintwa kokuqapha lapho uphequlula futhi ufaka, i-PC yakho izosebenza kahle futhi ngaphandle kwezimanga.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Indlela Yokuhlaziya I-Windows Boot nge-BootTrace: Gcwalisa Umhlahlandlela nge-ETW, i-BootVis, i-BootRacer, kanye nokulungisa ukuqalisa

UmKristu garcia

Uzifela ngobuchwepheshe kusukela esemncane. Ngiyakuthanda ukwaziswa kwamuva kulo mkhakha futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukuxhumana nawo. Yingakho ngizinikele ekuxhumaneni kumawebhusayithi emidlalo yevidiyo iminyaka eminingi. Ungangithola ngibhala nge-Android, iWindows, iMacOS, i-iOS, iNintendo nanoma yisiphi esinye isihloko esihlobene esifika emqondweni.