Yini okufanele uyibheke lapho uthenga i-Ultra laptop: i-VRAM, i-SSD, i-TDP, nesibonisi

¿Yini okufanele uyibheke uma ufuna ukuthenga ilaptop ye-Ultra? Ukuthenga ikhompuyutha ephathekayo esezingeni eliphezulu efisa ilebula ethi "Ultra" akukhona nje ukuqhathanisa amanani. Okwenza umehluko ngempela ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye okufanele zibhekwe. Ukuze ikhompuyutha yakho isebenze njengoba uyilindele namuhla futhi eminyakeni embalwa. Uma udlala imidlalo, uhlela ividiyo, udala i-3D, noma usebenza ngamasethi edatha amakhulu, uzodinga ibhalansi enhle phakathi kwezithombe, i-CPU, i-RAM, i-SSD, isibonisi, izimbobo, futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, i-TDP nokupholisa.

Ngaphambi kokungena ngemininingwane, kubalulekile ukubeka okulindelekile. Ikhompyutha ephathekayo ethi "Ultra" kufanele ihlanganise i-GPU enekhono ne-VRAM eyanele, i-SSD esheshayo, inkumbulo yeziteshi ezimbili., isibonisi esilingana nalokho okwenzayo, nokuphathwa kokushisa okungakunciphisi ukusebenza. Ukusuka lapho, kuyindaba yokuqonda ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile nokuthi buhlangana kanjani.

Kusho ukuthini ngempela ukuthi ikhompuyutha ephathekayo ibe "Ultra"?

Alukho uphawu olusemthethweni, kodwa kuvamile ukuthi i-"Ultra" isho Ihluzo zesimanje ezinikelwe ezinokwesekwa kokulandela umsebe, i-CPU enamandla eminingiOkungenani u-16GB we-RAM enwebekayo, i-NVMe SSD esheshayo, uxhumo oluhle, nezinga eliphezulu lokuvuselela kabusha noma isibonisi esinokulungiswa okuphezulu, kuye ngokusetshenziswa kwakho. Ungazivumeli zikukhohlise: zonke izingxenye kanye nokukhishwa kokushisa kufanele kuhambisane.

Ngokwenza, ukukhuluma nge "Ultra" namuhla kuholela ekubukeni I-GPU VRAM, uhlobo lwe-SSD, i-TDP, nesibonisi. Ukusekelwa kokudalwa kwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha nokusakaza, kanye nekhono lokunika amandla ukuphathwa kwesimanje nezici zokuqalisa okusheshayo ku-BIOS nakho kwengeza amaphuzu.

Ikhadi Lezithombe kanye ne-VRAM: Inhliziyo Yokusebenza Okubonakalayo

I-GPU ibalulekile uma udlala imidlalo, udala nge-3D, noma usebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisheshiswa yi-CUDA, OpenCL, noma okufanayo. Lapho amandla e-GPU engeziwe, ulwazi oluningi lwezithombe luyabalwa futhi luboniswe ngomzuzwana., futhi isipiliyoni singcono. I-VRAM ingukhiye lapha: I-6 GB ingasebenzela i-1080p, i-8 GB ikunikeza indawo yokufundela, futhi u-12 GB noma ngaphezulu yenza izimanga kumaphrojekthi angu-1440p namaphrojekthi asindayo.

Phakathi kwezikhulu ezimbili, I-Nvidia ne-AMD ihola ngobuchwepheshe bobunikaziI-Nvidia iletha i-DLSS ukukhulisa amanani ozimele nge-AI kanye nokulandela umsebe okuthuthukisiwe; I-AMD inxephezela nge-FSR kanye ne-Smart Access Memory, eyenza kahle ukugeleza kwedatha phakathi kwe-Ryzen ne-Radeon CPUs. Uma uzodlala nge-ray tracing, uchungechunge lwe-GeForce RTX noma i-Radeon RX 6000 noma ngaphezulu lungcono.

Akuyona yonke into edlalayo: Ama-GPU asheshisa ukuhlela, i-AI, nokusakaza, namamodeli aphathekayo afana nalawa I-MSI Claw A8 bonisa indlela yokuthola ibhalansi phakathi kwe-CPU ne-GPU kumadivayisi eselula.

Izinkomba zamandla uzobona okuningi: I-GeForce GTX 1060 noma i-1660 Super yokungena kwe-solvent, i-RTX 2060/3060 yokudlala kwe-RT emaphakathi, namazinga aphezulu nge-RTX 3080/3080 Ti/3090 Ti. Ku-AMD, i-RX 6500 XT ukuqala ngayo, i-RX 6700 XT/6800 XT iqine kakhulu, ne-RX 6900/6950 XT njengenhla kwebanga lesizukulwane sayo.

Ukulandelela ama-ray, okungokoqobo okubonakalayo nokusakaza bukhoma

Ukulandela umsebe kulingisa ukukhanya ngokwangempela. Sekuvele kuyindlela eyinhloko yemidlalo nokubuka ngeso lengqondo ngokusekelwa kwe-GeForce RTX ne-Radeon RX 6000+. Uma une-VR engqondweni, hlala ubheka izidingo: amahedisethi adumile aye adinga ngokomlando i-GTX 1060 noma i-RX 480 GPU njengesisekelo, nangaphezulu ukuze uthole uketshezi oluhle.

Uma usakaza, kala Ipulatifomu ye-NVEN ne-Nvidia's Studio, noma isoftware ye-Adrenalin ye-AMD, futhi bamba izixazululo ezifana I-Elgato 4K S okunciphisa umthwalo ohlelweni. Zikuvumela ukuthi usakaze futhi uthwebule ngomthelela omncane kumazinga ozimele; ungase ufune ukwandisa i-GPU yakho inothi uma uzosakaza ngezigcawu eziyinkimbinkimbi nemithombo eminingi.

CPU: cores, cache, imiyalelo kanye TDP

I-CPU isetha ijubane emisebenzini esindayo nasemidlalweni eboshwe nge-CPU. Bheka ama-cores amaningi asebenza kahle ane-turbo eqhubekayo kanye nezinqolobane ezivulekile (L1, L2, L3) ukunciphisa ukulinda kwenkumbulo. Izakhiwo zesimanje njengePanther Lake isekela izandiso ze-SIMD ezifana ne-SSE ne-AVX ezisheshisa i-multimedia, ukubethela, noma i-AI.

Umehluko phakathi kwamabhithi angama-32 no-64 ungumlando namuhla: Amabhithi angama-64 avumela ukubhekana nenkumbulo eyengeziwe kanye nobubanzi bezinombolo ezinkulu, isayensi eyisisekelo, izizindalwazi, noma ukuhlela kwe-8K. Yonke ikhompyutha ephathekayo ye-"Ultra" yamanje iyi-x86-64, ngakho-ke uzombozwa.

I-TDP akuyona inombolo yokuhlobisa: ibonisa ukushisa okufanele isistimu ikuchithe ukuze igcine imvamisaKuma-laptops, i-TDP ephakeme idinga i-chassis engcono kanye nokukhipha umoya; kungenjalo, i-throttling eshisayo nomsindo kuzokwenzeka. Kubalulekile ukuthi umenzi alinganisele isistimu yokupholisa ngendlela efanele nokuthi ungakwazi ukumisa amaphrofayili ashisayo.

I-RAM: ubuningi, iziteshi kanye nokubambezeleka

I-RAM iphethe izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi namaphrojekthi amakhulu. Ku-"Ultra", i-16 GB iyisisekelo futhi i-32 GB inconywa kakhulu. Uma uhlela ividiyo, uhlanganisa, noma usebenza nama-VM, noma nini lapho kunokwenzeka, vula iziteshi ezimbili ezinamamojula afanayo ukuze ziphinde kabili umkhawulokudonsa.

Ngaphezu kwesivinini, ukubambezeleka kwe-CAS kunendaba: amanani aphansi anciphisa ukubambezelekaAma-SO-DIMM asetshenziswa kumalaptop; uma i-RAM idayisiwe, qiniseka ukuthi u-oda umthamo ofanele embonini. Ezimweni ezibucayi, inkumbulo ye-ECC ithola futhi ilungise amaphutha, nakuba lokhu kuvamile kuma-laptops abathengi.

Isitoreji: I-NVMe SSD vs. HDD kanye nalokho Odinga ukukwazi

Irigi ethi “Ultra” idinga i-NVMe SSD yohlelo namaphrojekthi asebenzayo. I-NVMe phezu kwe-PCIe idlula ngokusobala i-SATA, futhi kokubili kuyiminyaka elula ngaphambi kwe-HDD. Uzoqaphela ukuqala ngemizuzwana, ukuvula izinhlelo zokusebenza ngaphandle kokulinda, nokunikezela noma ukuthumela ngaphandle ngokushesha okukhulu.

Yize kungekho muntu ozofaka i-HDD yesistimu kukhompuyutha ephathekayo yale ligi namuhla, akulimazi ukuqonda okuyisisekelo: Amadiski kazibuthe ahlela idatha ibe amasilinda, amathrekhi, kanye nemikhakha, umthamo wayo onengqondo usekelwe ku-MBR noma ku-GPT, futhi ukukhuluma kwesimanje kusebenzisa i-LBA. I-BIOS noma i-UEFI ithola idiski, isebenzise i-POST, ifunde ithebula lokuhlukanisa, futhi inikeze ukulawula kumkhakha wokuqalisa noma umphathi wesistimu yesimanje.

Uzothola nama-acronyms omlando: I-IDE noma i-PATA ne-SATA ichaza izixhumanisi zokuxhumaNamuhla, i-NVMe phezu kwe-PCIe indinganiso yesivinini; I-SATA isalungele ukugcinwa kwenqwaba, futhi i-USB-C ivumela amadrayivu angaphandle aphathekayo ahlonipheke kakhulu kuma-backups noma imidiya.

Ukuxhumana nezimbobo: ozokusebenzisa empeleni

"I-Ultra" engenazo izimbobo ezinhle ibhakwa uhhafu kuphela. Bheka i-USB 3.x, i-USB-C enemodi ye-DisplayPort Alt, futhi uma kungenzeka, i-Thunderbolt kuma-eGPU noma ama-RAID angaphandle. I-HDMI noma, okungcono nokho, i-DisplayPort yamamonitha anesivinini esikhulu. I-RJ-45 2.5 GbE iyindlela enhle uma udlulisela okuningi ngenethiwekhi yendawo.

Amafa ongawabona ashiwo: VGA, DVI, S/PDIF, eSATA, FireWireZiwusizo olwazini olujwayelekile, kodwa okwamanje konke mayelana ne-USB-C, DP, HDMI, kanye ne-Wi-Fi 6/6E. Ngomsindo, cabanga okukhiphayo okuhlanganisiwe nombhobho wekhwalithi futhi, uma udala okuqukethwe, isixhumi esibonakalayo se-USB.

Bonisa: Ukulungiswa, Izinga Lokuvuselela, Nokuqonda Okuvamile

Isikrini sinquma ukuthi usebenza kanjani futhi udlala kanjani. Emidlalweni yokuncintisana, i-1080p ku-144Hz noma ngaphezulu iyigolide.Ukuze uhlele nemininingwane, i-1440p noma i-4K enombala omuhle (sRGB noma i-DCI-P3) ikufanele. Ungakhokheli ama-fps engeziwe uma iphaneli ingakwazi ukuyibonisa, noma ukuze uthole ukulungiswa okwengeziwe uma uzodinga ukukala yonke into.

Khumbula lokho Ukulandelela i-ray nezinqumo eziphezulu kudinga i-GPU eningi ne-VRAM.Usizo lwe-DLSS noma lwe-FSR, kodwa kuwumqondo omuhle ukulinganisa isikrini nezithombe ukuze kungabikho ukuvinjelwa ngenxa yokweqisa noma ukuntuleka kwakho.

Ibhodi lomama, ama-chipset, namabhasi: kungani kubalulekile ngisho noma ungaziboni

Kukhompyutha ephathekayo, ngeke ushintshe i-motherboard, kodwa ukwakheka kwayo kuzokuthinta. I-chipset ilawula ukugeleza phakathi kwe-CPU, i-RAM, i-SSD ne-GPU; yayivame ukuhlukaniswa nge-northbridge ne-southbridge, futhi namuhla imisebenzi eminingi ihlala ngaphakathi kwephrosesa ngokwayo. I-PCI Express inquma ijubane lekhadi lehluzo ne-SSD; imizila eminingi kanye nenguqulo yesimanje, iba ngcono.

I-ATX, i-microATX noma izici zefomu le-mini-ITX zivela emhlabeni wedeskithophu, ziwusizo uma uzomisa indawo ehleliwe noma yokusebenza. Uma ucabangela i-eGPU noma amadokhi anemiphumela eminingiUkwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwe-PCIe x1 ne-x16 slot kanye nokubona izixhumi zangaphakathi kukusiza ukuthi uqonde amabhodlela nokuhambisana.

Ekuqaliseni, i-BIOS noma i-UEFI yenza i-POST, ithola inkumbulo namadivayisi, futhi ifunde amapharamitha ku-CMOS esekelwa ibhethri. I-firmware eklanywe kahle enezinketho ezicacile kanye nokuqalisa okusheshayo kunikeza okungaphezu kwalokho kubonakala..

Izinhlobo zememori namamojula: okubalulekile ngaphandle kokulahleka

Inkumbulo eyinhloko yi-DRAM; I-SRAM isetshenziswa njengenqolobane ngenxa yokubambezeleka kwayo okuphansi. Ngokuya ngamamojula, ama-DIMM abekelwe amadeskithophu, kuyilapho ama-SO-DIMM ebusa kakhulu kumalaptop. I-DDR, i-DDR2, i-DDR3, i-DDR4, ne-DDR5 imele izizukulwane ezinesivinini esiphezulu kanye nama-voltage aphansi; kumasistimu amanje, uzobona i-DDR4 noma i-DDR5. Hlala njalo uhlose iziteshi ezimbili ezinamamojula amabili ukuze ugweme ukuzidela kokusebenza.

Uma uhamba namakhadi, ukubona amafomethi kuyasiza: I-SD ne-SDHC ibusa kumakhamera nakumarekhodi, ngamakilasi abonisa isivinini esincane; kukhona namakhadi e-CompactFlash nawe-Memory Stick asekhona kumadivayisi amadala noma athile.

Isitoreji sangaphandle, amakhophi kanye nemidiya yokubona

Ukuze uthole izipele, i-SSD yangaphandle ye-USB-C enhle noma i-Thunderbolt RAID array izosindisa usuku. Labo abadinga i-scalability yobungcweti bangabheka izixazululo ze-iSCSI noma zeFiber Channel SAN., okuvamile ezitudiyo zevidiyo noma amaseva wedatha.

Ama-Optical discs asekhona futhi angaba usizo ekufakweni kungobo yomlando okubandayo noma ukusatshalaliswa. I-CD igcina cishe u-700 MB enengoma eyodwa ezungezayoAma-DVD akhuphukela ku-17 GB ahlanganisa izinhlangothi nezendlalelo, futhi i-Blu-ray inikeza u-25 GB isendlalelo ngasinye, u-50 GB we-dual-layer, nokunye okwengeziwe kumasistimu esimanje anezendlalelo eziningi. Uma ushisa ama-disc, wahlanze ngokukhanya futhi ugweme amakhemikhali anokhahlo.

Izixhumi ezibonakalayo nezindlela zokudlulisa ezizozwakala zijwayelekile kuwe

I-IDE noma i-Parallel ATA isebenzise izintambo ezibanzi nezindlela ze-PIO ne-DMA; I-UDMA ilethe amanani afika ku-133 MB/s emuva ngosukuI-SATA ifike ne-1.5, 3, ne-6 Gb/s; namuhla, i-PCIe ne-NVMe iphakamisa ibha izikhathi eziningana phezulu. Ku-BIOS, ikheli le-LBA lithathe indawo ye-CHS ukuze kunqobe imikhawulo yamandla akudala.

Ngisho noma manje usebenzisa i-NVMe ne-USB-C, Ukuba nalo mongo kukusiza ukuthi uhlole, ukhethe amadokhu, futhi uqonde ukuthi kungani ezinye izimo zikhawulela ukusebenza kwamadrayivu angaphandle.

Amamodeli nobubanzi: ukubeka okulindelekile

Uma uziqondisa, cabanga ngokwezigaba ze-GPU kunamagama aqondile wekhompuyutha ephathekayo. I-GTX 1060 noma i-1660 Super imelela isisekelo sokudlala ku-1080p, i-RTX 2060 noma i-3060 isivele ivumela i-RT ngama-tweaks; I-RTX 3080 noma i-3080 Ti indiza ngo-1440p, futhi i-3090 Ti iyisilo se-4K nokudala. Ku-AMD, i-RX 6500 XT iyisiqalisi esihle, i-6700 XT ne-6800 XT ziyakwazi kakhulu, kanti i-6900/6950 XT iphawula uphahla lwesizukulwane sazo. Dlulisela lowo mbono emhlabeni weselula ngokuya ngokulingana.

Ngaphakathi kwe-ecosystem, ungayithathi kancane isoftware: I-Nvidia Studio noma i-AMD Adrenalin yenza umehluko ekuzinzeni, ekushayeleni, nakumathuluzi wabadali.

Idizayini eshisayo, yomsindo ne-chassis

Ngamandla afanayo, lowo opholisa okungcono kakhulu uyawina. I-heatsink enamapayipi okushisa avulekile nabalandeli bekhwalithi ababili basekela i-turbo yangempela futhi kuthule. Amaphrofayili okushisa enziwe ngendlela oyifisayo kanye nokungenisa komoya ohlanzekile kunweba impilo yesistimu. I-TDP isistimu ingakwazi ukusekela ihlukanisa "i-Ultra" yeqiniso.

I-BIOS, i-boot, kanye ne-partitions: izinto ezincane ezihlonishwayo

I-firmware enhle ikuvumela ukuthi unike amandla i-UEFI boot, ukuphathwa kwabalandeli, amaphrofayili amandla, nokusekelwa kwe-NVMe okuthuthukisiwe. Amathebula okuhlukaniswa kwe-GPT agwema imikhawulo ye-MBR yakudala futhi uvumele amavolumu amakhulu. Uma ubheka amadiski ku-Linux, umyalo we-fdisk -l ubala ama-partitions namasayizi ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

Izikebhe zasendulo kanye nelukuluku eliwusizo

Uma uvela kumakhompyutha amadala, uzojwayelana ne-PS/2 yekhibhodi negundane, izimbobo ze-serial kanye nezihambisanayo, I-AGP yezithombe ngaphambi kwe-PCIe, ngisho namadrayivu e-floppySeziwumlando manje, kodwa ukuqonda injongo yazo kusiza ukugcina ukusebenzisana namadivayisi amadala usebenzisa ama-adaptha alungile.

Uhlu lokuhlola olusheshayo ngaphambi kokuthenga

Ngakho awuphuthelwa lutho, hlola lokhu: Ibhalansi phakathi kwe-GPU, CPU nesibonisi, i-VRAM eyanele yokulungiswa kwakho, i-NVMe SSD njengedrayivu eyinhloko, i-RAM ye-dual-channel engu-16-32 GB, izimbobo zesimanjemanje, nokupholisa okufana ne-TDP. Engeza ibhethri elihloniphekile uma usohambeni kanye neshaja ehlangene uma usohambeni.

• Ikhadi lezithombe elizinikele lamanje eline-8GB ye-VRAM noma ngaphezulu le-1440p nokulandela umsebe; Ukusekelwa kwe-DLSS noma kwe-FSR kuye ngohlobo.
• I-CPU yesimanje yama-multi-core, i-cache ephanayo, nemiyalo ye-AVX; I-TDP exazululwe kahle kanye nokusabalalisa ukuze kugcinwe i-turbo.
• I-RAM yeziteshi ezimbili, i-NVMe SSD yohlelo namaphrojekthi; inketho yokwengeza i-SSD yesibili uma i-chassis ivumela.
• Isibonisi siqondaniswe nokusetshenziswa kwakho: ukulungiswa okuphezulu okungu-1080p kokuncintisana noma ukulungiswa okuphezulu nombala wokudala; Izimbobo zesimanje ze-USB-C, DP, kanye ne-HDMI.

Noma kunini uma uqhathanisa amalaptop "e-Ultra" owathandayo, umbuzo mayelana nomkhawulo oshisayo oqhubekayo kanye nekhwalithi yama-VRM, ngoba yilapho kungena khona ukusebenza kweqiniso kwe-GPU ne-CPU, noma imininingwane nje. Unalezi zici engqondweni, uzoba nombono ocacile wokuthi yini okufanele uyibheke ngale kwentengo nokuthi ungakubeka kanjani kuqala lokho okuletha inani ngempela.