¿Qué son los protocolos de red y cuáles son algunos ejemplos?

⁢ Ayini amaphrothokholi enethiwekhi futhi yiziphi ezinye izibonelo?

Emhlabeni oxhumene ngokwandayo, izivumelwano zenethiwekhi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni ngendlela efanele kwezokuxhumana ngogesi. Lawa maphrothokholi amasethi emithetho namazinga avumela amadivayisi namasistimu ukuthi ashintshisane ngolwazi futhi axhumane. ngempumelelo. En este artículo, exploraremos incazelo yamaphrothokholi enethiwekhi nezinye izibonelo ezibalulekile ezisetshenziswa kakhulu emkhakheni wamanethiwekhi ekhompyutha.

Enye yezimiso ezivame kakhulu i-Internet Protocol (IP), okuyisistimu esetshenziselwa ukuhlonza kanye nomzila wamaphakethe wedatha kunethiwekhi yonkana. I-inthanethi ⁢Iphrothokholi ibalulekile⁢ ekusebenzeni kwe-inthanethi futhi ivumela amadivayisi ukuthi axhumane⁢ ngokunikeza amakheli e-IP ahlukile kanye nokuhlukanisa idatha ibe yizingxenyana ezincane ukuze idluliselwe kahle.

Esinye isibonelo esibalulekile yi-Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), okusekelwe ekuxhumaneni okuthembekile nokulandelanayo phakathi kwamadivayisi amabili. I-TCP inesibopho sokuhlukanisa idatha ibe amaphakethe, iwathumele ngokulandelana kwawo, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi amukelwe ngendlela efanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqinisekisa ukuthi idatha ayilahleki ngesikhathi sokudlulisa futhi iphatha ukulawula ukuminyana kunethiwekhi ukuze kugwenywe ukugcwaliswa kwesikhala kwesixhumanisi.

Ngokwengxenye yayo, i-Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) ibalulekile ku-World Wide Web. I-HTTP ivumela ukudluliswa kolwazi phakathi ⁣kweklayenti⁢ (isiphequluli) ⁢neseva yewebhu⁤, okuvumela ukufinyelela nokubukwa kwamakhasi ewebhu. Le phrothokholi ichaza isakhiwo nefomethi ⁢yezicelo nezimpendulo,⁢ kanye nemisebenzi ⁤engenziwa, njengokuthi GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE ).

Ngaphezu kwalezi zibonelo, kunamaphrothokholi amaningi enethiwekhi afeza imisebenzi eyahlukene futhi asetshenziswa ezimeni ezahlukene. ⁢Ezinye ⁤ izibonelo ezingeziwe zifaka i-File Transfer Protocol (FTP) yokudluliselwa kwamafayela, I-Simple Email Protocol (SMTP) yokuthunyelwa kwama-imeyili, i-Dynamic Configuration Protocol for Host (DHCP) yokunikezwa⁢ okuzenzakalelayo kwamakheli e-IP. ,⁤ nabanye abaningi.

Ngokufigqiwe, Izivumelwano zenethiwekhi zibalulekile ukuze unike amandla ukuxhumana okuketshezi nokusebenzayo phakathi kwamadivayisi namasistimu kunethiwekhi.. Noma ngabe iphequlula i-inthanethi, ithumela ama-imeyili, noma idlulisa amafayela, izivumelwano zenethiwekhi ziyisisekelo esisekela ukuxhumana komhlaba wonke okusizungezile namuhla.

1. Isingeniso Sezinhlelo Zokusebenza Zenethiwekhi: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wezobuchwepheshe

Amaphrothokholi enethiwekhi amasethi emithetho namazinga avumela ukuxhumana phakathi kwamadivayisi akunethiwekhi. Lawa maphrothokholi achaza ukuthi idatha ithunyelwa, yamukelwe, futhi icutshungulwa kanjani kunethiwekhi yonkana, okuqinisekisa ukuxhumana okusebenzayo nokuvikelekile Kulo mhlahlandlela wobuchwepheshe obanzi, sizohlola okuyisisekelo kwezivumelwano zenethiwekhi futhi Sizohlinzeka ngezibonelo ezivamile.

Izivumelwano zenethiwekhi zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwe-inthanethi kanye amanye amanethiwekhi informáticas. Ngaphandle kwazo, amadivaysi awakwazanga ukuxhumana namanye futhi ukudluliswa kwedatha bekungeke kwenzeke. Ezinye izibonelo zamaphrothokholi enethiwekhi asetshenziswa kabanzi zifaka i-TCP/IP, i-HTTP, i-FTP, i-DNS, ne-DHCP.

Iphrothokholi ye-TCP/IP ingenye yezivumelwano ezibaluleke kakhulu nezisetshenziswa kakhulu ku-inthanethi. Inesibopho sokudluliswa kwedatha ezingeni lokuxhumana kwenethiwekhi futhi inikeza indlela ethembekile yokuthumela nokwamukela amaphakethe wedatha. I-HTTP, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iyiphrothokholi evumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bafinyelele amakhasi ewebhu ku-World Wide Web. I-FTP isetshenziselwa ukudlulisa amafayela phakathi kweklayenti neseva, kuyilapho i-DNS inesibopho sokuhumusha amagama wesizinda abe amakheli e-IP.

Kafushane, izivumelwano zenethiwekhi zibalulekile ekuxhumaneni nasekudluliseleni idatha kumanethiwekhi ekhompyutha. . Badlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwe-inthanethi namanye amanethiwekhi, okuqinisekisa ukuthi amadivayisi angakwazi ukushintshanisa ulwazi kahle nangokuvikelekile. Ezinye izibonelo ezijwayelekile zamaphrothokholi enethiwekhi zifaka i-TCP/IP, i-HTTP, i-FTP, i-DNS, ne-DHCP, ngayinye yakhelwe ukwenza umsebenzi othile. ⁢Kubalulekile ukuqonda lezi zivumelwano ukuze usebenzise ngokugcwele amandla enethiwekhi futhi uqinisekise ukusebenza kahle.

2. Imisebenzi eyisisekelo yamaphrothokholi enethiwekhi ekuxhumaneni kwedatha

Amaphrothokholi enethiwekhi ayisethi yemithetho namazinga avumela ukuxhumana kwedatha phakathi amadivayisi ahlukene kunethiwekhi. Lawa maphrothokholi aqinisekisa ukuthi idatha ithunyelwa futhi yamukelwe kahle futhi ngokuvikelekile. Ezinye izibonelo zamaphrothokholi enethiwekhi yilezi:

- I-TCP/IP: Le nqubo yomthetho isetshenziswa kakhulu ku-inthanethi futhi inikeza isethi yemithetho yokudluliswa kwedatha ngamanethiwekhi ekhompyutha. I-TCP/IP ihlukanisa idatha ibe amaphakethe futhi inakekela ukuthumela nokuyithola ngokwethembeka.
- I-DHCP: Le nqubo yomthetho isetshenziselwa ukwabela ngokuzenzakalelayo amakheli e-IP kumadivayisi akunethiwekhi. I-DHCP ivumela amadivayisi ukuthi axhume kunethiwekhi ngaphandle kokulungiselela mathupha ikheli le-IP.
- I-DNS: Le protocol inesibopho sokuhumusha amagama wesizinda kumakheli e-IP. I-DNS ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bafinyelele amawebhusayithi nezinsizakalo ze-inthanethi besebenzisa amagama esikhundleni sokubamba ngekhanda amakheli e-IP ezinombolo.

Las son:

1. Ukumiswa Koxhumano: Izimiso zenethiwekhi zivumela amadivayisi ukuthi aqalise ukuxhumana ngaphambi kokuba aqale ukuthumela idatha.
2. Ukuhlukaniswa kwedatha nokuhlanganisa kabusha: Amaphrothokholi ahlukanisa idatha ibe amaphakethe amancane ukuze kube lula ukudluliswa kwayo kunethiwekhi yonkana. Endaweni okuyiwa kuyo, amaphakethe edatha ahlanganiswa kabusha ukuze akhe kabusha ulwazi lwangempela.
3. Ukulawula ukugeleza nokulawula amaphutha: Izimiso zenethiwekhi ziqapha ukuhamba kwedatha ukuze kugwenywe ukuminyana kwenethiwekhi nokuqinisekisa ukulethwa okungenaphutha. Lokhu kufezwa ngamasu anjengokuqinisekisa ukutholwa kwamaphakethe kanye nokudlulisela kabusha lawo alahlekile endleleni.

Ngokufigqiwe, Amaphrothokholi enethiwekhi abalulekile ⁢ukuxhumana kwedatha⁢ kunethiwekhi. Lawa maphrothokholi avumela amadivayisi ukuthi axhumane, ahlukanise futhi ahlanganise kabusha idatha, futhi alawule ukugeleza namaphutha. Ezinye izibonelo ezidumile zamaphrothokholi enethiwekhi yi-TCP/IP, i-DHCP, ne-DNS. Ngenxa yalezi zivumelwano, abasebenzisi bangakwazi navegar por internet, thumela ama-imeyili futhi ufinyelele izinsiza ezihlukene ze-inthanethi ngokushesha nangokuvikelekile.

3. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamaphrothokholi enethiwekhi asetshenziswa emhlabeni wedijithali

LAmaphrothokholi enethiwekhi amasethi emithetho namazinga avumela ukuxhumana entre dispositivos kunethiwekhi. Lawa maphrothokholi achaza ifomethi nokulandelana kwemiyalezo, kanye nezinqubo zokushintshana kwedatha. Emhlabeni wedijithali, kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zamaphrothokholi enethiwekhi asetshenziswa kakhulu.

Okukodwa kwe izinhlobo zamaphrothokholi enethiwekhi Okuvame kakhulu i-Internet Protocol (IP) Le mithetho yomthetho inesibopho sokuthungatha amaphakethe edatha nge-inthanethi, ukuhlonza nokubhekana ne- amadivayisi kunethiwekhi. Isebenzisa amakheli e-IP ukuze ihlonze futhi ithole amadivayisi, kanye namamaski enethiwekhi ukuze iphathe ama-subnet. I-Internet Protocol futhi inakekela ukuhlukaniswa nokuhlanganiswa kabusha kwamaphakethe edatha, iqinisekisa ukuthi afika ngendlela efanele lapho aya khona.

Okunye uhlobo lwephrothokholi yenethiwekhi Kusetshenziswa kakhulu i-Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Le phrothokholi inesibopho sokusungula ukuxhumana okuthembekile nokuvikelekile phakathi kwamadivayisi akunethiwekhi. Iqinisekisa ukulethwa okuhlelekile kwamaphakethe wedatha, iqinisekisa ukuthi awalahleki noma awonakele ngesikhathi sokudlulisela. I-TCP iphinde inakekele ukulawulwa kokugeleza nokulawula ukuminyana, iqinisekisa ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi okuhle kakhulu.

Ngokungeziwe⁤ IP‍ kanye⁢ TCP, kukhona ezinye protocolos de red Ulwazi olubalulekile njenge-Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) enikezela ngokuzenzakalelayo amakheli e-IP kumadivayisi akunethiwekhi, i-Media Access Control Protocol (MAC) evumela ukudluliswa kwedatha kumanethiwekhi endawo, kanye ne-Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) , ebeka amakheli e-IP kumakheli aphathekayo wamadivayisi asezingeni lenethiwekhi. Lawa maphrothokholi adlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle nokuvikelekile kwamanethiwekhi edijithali.

4.⁤ Amaphrothokholi enethiwekhi ajwayelekile ⁢enkambini ye-inthanethi

I protocolos de red Ziyimithetho namazinga enza kube lula ukuxhumana phakathi kwamadivaysi kunethiwekhi yekhompyutha. ⁢Kunamaphrothokholi ambalwa enethiwekhi asetshenziswa kabanzi ku-inthanethi, ngayinye enezici zayo ezihlukile nemisebenzi. Okulandelayo, sizohlola ezinye zazo amaphrothokholi enethiwekhi ajwayelekile⁢ emkhakheni we-inthanethi kanye nendlela asetshenziswa ngayo:

1. Iphrothokholi Ye-inthanethi (IP): Iyiphrothokholi eyisisekelo futhi esetshenziswa kabanzi yokuxhumana ku-inthanethi. ⁤Iphrothokholi Ye-inthanethi⁣ inikezela ngamakheli ahlukile (amakheli e-IP) kudivayisi ngayinye exhunywe kunethiwekhi. Ukwengeza, i-IP isiza ukuthola futhi ihambise amaphakethe edatha ezindaweni zawo ezifanele.

2. I-Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): Isebenza kanye nephrothokholi ye-IP futhi inesibopho sokuhlukanisa idatha ibe amaphakethe amancane abese ethunyelwa ngenethiwekhi. Iphinde inikeze indlela yokuqinisekisa ukulethwa, iqinisekisa ukuthi amaphakethe athunyelwa ngendlela efanele nangendlela efanele. I-TCP ibalulekile ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukuxhumana okuthembekile ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa idatha, njengokuphequlula iwebhu kanye ne-imeyili.

3. I-Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP): Kuyiphrothokholi esetshenziselwa ukudluliswa kwedatha kuWebhu Yomhlaba Wonke. I-HTTP ivumela amaklayenti (iziphequluli zewebhu) ukuthi acele izinsiza (amakhasi ewebhu, izithombe, amavidiyo, njll.) ngama-URL namaseva ewebhu aphendule ngedatha eceliwe. Le protocol isebenzisa indlela yokuphendula isicelo futhi ibalulekile ekuphequluleni nasekufinyeleleni okuqukethwe ku-inthanethi.

5. Izimiso zenethiwekhi zokudlulisa ifayela ne-imeyili

Emhlabeni wamanethiwekhi ekhompyutha, izivumelwano zenethiwekhi zibalulekile ekudlulisweni kwefayela kanye ne-imeyili. Amaphrothokholi enethiwekhi ayisethi yemithetho namazinga avumela ukuxhumana phakathi kwamadivayisi akunethiwekhi. Lawa maphrothokholi abalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe⁢ ukuthi ⁤ulwazi luyadluliselwa ngempumelelo y segura.

Enye yephrothokholi esetshenziswa kakhulu para la transferencia de archivos I-File Transfer Protocol (FTP). I-FTP ivumela ukudluliswa kwamafayela phakathi kweklayenti neseva ngoxhumano lwenethiwekhi. Le phrothokholi yenza kube lula ukulayisha nokulanda amafayela kusuka kuseva ekude ngokushesha futhi kalula. Enye iphrothokholi edumile yokudluliswa kwefayela yi-Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), esetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ukufinyelela amakhasi ewebhu nokulanda amafayela.

Mayelana ne-imeyili, I-Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) ingenye yezimiso ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokuthumela imilayezo ye-imeyili. I-SMTP ivumela ukulethwa kwemilayezo ye-imeyili phakathi kwamaseva ngenethiwekhi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) kanye ne-Post Office Protocol (POP) ziyizinqubo ezimbili ezivamile ezisetshenziselwa ukubuyisa imilayezo ye-imeyili kuseva. Lezi zivumelwano zivumela iklayenti ukuthi lifinyelele i-imeyili yalo kusuka kumadivayisi ahlukene futhi igcine imilayezo ivunyelanisiwe kuwo wonke.

Ngamafuphi, izimiso zenethiwekhi zibalulekile ekudluliselweni kwefayela kanye ne-imeyili ngenethiwekhi yekhompyutha. Lezi zivumelwano zisungula imithetho namazinga adingekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo nokuvikelekile phakathi kwamadivayisi. Ezinye izibonelo zezivumelwano ezisetshenziswa ekudlulisweni kwefayela yi-FTP ne-HTTP, kuyilapho endabeni ye-imeyili, kusetshenziswa izivumelwano ezifana ne-SMTP, IMAP ne-POP. Ngenxa yalezi zivumelwano, singathumela futhi samukele amafayela nama-imeyili ngendlela ethembekile nangempumelelo kumanethiwekhi anamuhla.

6. Izivumelwano zenethiwekhi zokudlulisa idatha ye-multimedia

I protocolos de red Amasethi emithetho namazinga avumela amadivayisi akunethiwekhi ukuthi axhumane namanye futhi adlulise idatha ngendlela efanele futhi evikelekile. Lawa maphrothokholi achaza ukuthi uxhumano lusungulwa futhi lunqanyulwe kanjani, ukuthi idatha ihanjiswa kanjani, nokuthi ibuyiselwa kanjani esimweni sokulahlekelwa noma iphutha. Ngaphandle kwabo, ukuxhumana kunethiwekhi kungaba nesiphithiphithi futhi kudideke.

Kunezinhlobo ezihlukene zamaphrothokholi enethiwekhi, futhi ezinye zazo zenzelwe ukudluliswa kwedatha. multimedia. Idatha ye-Multimedia idatha equkethe izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuqukethwe, njengezithombe, ividiyo, nomsindo. Lawa maphrothokholi anesibopho sokuphatha ukudluliswa kwale datha, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ifika endaweni ngokushesha futhi ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. .

Ezinye⁢ izibonelo ze amaphrothokholi enethiwekhi esetshenziselwa ukudluliswa kwedatha ye-multimedia yi-RTP (Iphrothokholi Yezokuthutha Yesikhathi Sangempela), lokho kusetshenziswa ⁤ukudluliswa ngesikhathi sangempela umsindo nevidiyo nge-inthanethi, kanye ne-RTSP (Real-time Streaming Protocol), esetshenziselwa ukulawula ukulethwa kokuqukethwe kwe-multimedia kuseva. Enye iphrothokholi yenethiwekhi ebalulekile yokudlulisa idatha ye-multimedia yi-SIP (Session Initiation Protocol), esetshenziselwa ukusungula, ukuguqula nokunqamula izikhathi zokuxhumana ze-multimedia, njengezingcingo zezwi kanye nenkomfa yevidiyo. Lawa maphrothokholi abalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuzizwisa okushelelayo, kwekhwalithi ephezulu lapho uthumela idatha ye-multimedia ngenethiwekhi.

7. Ukubaluleka kokuvikeleka ⁢kumaphrothokholi enethiwekhi nezibonelo zamaphrothokholi avikelekile

Ukubaluleka kokuphepha kumaphrothokholi enethiwekhi ilele ekuqinisekiseni ubuqotho ⁣nobumfihlo ⁢kwedatha edluliswa ngenethiwekhi. Amaphrothokholi enethiwekhi ayisethi yemithetho nemithetho evumela ukuxhumana phakathi kwamadivayisi akunethiwekhi.⁤ Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuxhumana ⁢kungaba sengcupheni yokuhlaselwa noma ukungenelela okungagunyaziwe⁤ uma izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele zingasetshenziswa ⁤. Kungakho ukuphepha kumaphrothokholi enethiwekhi kubalulekile ukuze kuvikelwe ulwazi futhi kuvinjwe ukwephulwa kokuphepha okungenzeka.

Kukhona ezahlukene amaphrothokholi avikelekile ezisetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kolwazi oludlulisiwe. Esinye sezibonelo ezaziwa kakhulu yi-Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol, esetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zewebhu ukusungula ukuxhumana okuphephile nge-inthanethi. I-TLS isebenzisa ama-algorithms wokubethela ukuze ivikele idatha edlulisiwe futhi iqinisekisa ubuqiniso bamaseva namakhasimende ahililekile ekuxhumaneni.

Enye iphrothokholi evikelekile i-Secure Login (SSH) Protocol, esetshenziswa kabanzi ukuphatha ukude amaseva namadivayisi. I-SSH ihlinzeka ngoxhumano oluvikelekile ngenethiwekhi engavikelekile, isebenzisa ukubethela kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuvikela ukuxhumana phakathi kweklayenti neseva Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ulwazi nemiyalo edluliswayo ayiphazanyiswa ukuhlasela okungaba khona okungagunyaziwe. Lezi zivumelwano nezinye ezifanayo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikelekeni kwamanethiwekhi kanye nokuvikelwa kolwazi oludluliswa phezu kwawo.

8. Izincomo zokukhetha amaphrothokholi enethiwekhi afanelekile engqalasizinda

Amaphrothokholi enethiwekhi amasethi emithetho namazinga avumela ukuxhumana nokushintshisana kwedatha phakathi kwamadivayisi akunethiwekhi. Lawa maphrothokholi achaza ukuthi idatha kufanele ithunyelwe, yamukelwe, ibhekwe kanjani, futhi ilawulwe kanjani. Kungqalasizinda yenethiwekhi, kubalulekile ukukhetha amaphrothokholi afanelekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle⁤ nokuvikelekile⁣ kwesistimu.

Lapho ukhetha amaphrothokholi enethiwekhi afanelekile, kubalulekile ukunaka izidingo ezithile kanye nezidingo zenethiwekhi. Isibonelo, uma kuyinethiwekhi encane yendawo edinga kuphela yabelana ngamafayela namaphrinta, ungakhetha izivumelwano ezilula ezifana ne-File Transfer Protocol (FTP) noma i-Internet Printing Protocol (IPP). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma inethiwekhi idinga ukuxhumana okuyinkimbinkimbi nokuvikelekile, izivumelwano ezifana ne-Internet Protocol (IP), I-Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) kanye Nephrothokholi Yokuphepha kungase kudingeke ukuthi kusetshenziswe I-Transport Layer (TLS).

Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuhambisana kwezivumelwano namadivayisi kanye izinhlelo zokusebenza esetshenziswa kunethiwekhi. Amanye amaphrothokholi angase asebenzisane kangcono namadivayisi athile noma izinhlelo zokusebenza, ezingase zithinte amandla okuxhumana nokusebenza kwenethiwekhi Kubalulekile ukwenza ucwaningo olunzulu nokubuyekeza imininingwane yedivayisi ngaphambi kokukhetha izimiso zenethiwekhi.

Esinye isici okufanele sicatshangelwe ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi. ⁤Amanye amaphrothokholi ahlanganisa izici zokuphepha ukuze kuvikelwe idatha edluliswayo kanye ⁣nokuvikela ukuhlaselwa ku-inthanethi. Isibonelo, i-Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) inikeza ubuqiniso nokubethela kwedatha, iqinisekisa ukuxhumana okuphephile phakathi kwamadivayisi akunethiwekhi. Lapho ukhetha amaphrothokholi enethiwekhi, kubalulekile ukuhlola ubungozi bezokuphepha bese ukhetha lezo ezinikeza izindlela zokuvikela ezingcono kakhulu zengqalasizinda yenethiwekhi.

9. Amathrendi amanje ekuthuthukisweni kwenethiwekhi entsha ⁤protocols⁣

Ngokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nesidingo esikhulayo sokuxhuma emhlabeni digital, los amaphrothokholi enethiwekhi Badlala indima ebalulekile kwezokuxhumana kanye nokudluliswa kwedatha. Lawa maphrothokholi ayimithetho namazinga amisiwe avumela amadivayisi ukuthi axhumane namanye ngenethiwekhi. Okwamanje, ⁤ukuthuthukiswa kwezivumelwano ezintsha zenethiwekhi⁣ kugxile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle, ukuvikeleka nokusebenzisana ezindaweni⁢ eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Okukodwa kwe tendencias actuales ekuthuthukisweni kwezinqubo ezintsha ⁢ zenethiwekhi ukwamukelwa kwe-IPv6 (inguqulo yesi-6 ye-Internet Protocol). Ngokuqedwa kwamakheli e-IPv4, i-IPv6 iye yavela njengesixazululo sokuhlinzeka ngendawo yamakheli e-IP eyengeziwe. Le phrothokholi inikezela ngenani elikhulu lamakheli e-IP atholakalayo, okuvumela ukuxhumana okukhudlwana nokunwetshwa kwe-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT). Ukwengeza, i-IPv6 inikeza ukuthuthukiswa kokuphepha nekhwalithi yesevisi.

Otra ​ tendencia emergente ekuthuthukisweni kwezivumelwano zenethiwekhi kugxilwa kunethiwekhi yesoftware-defined (SDN) kanye nenethiwekhi yemisebenzi ebonakalayo (NFV). I-SDN inika amandla ukuhlukaniswa phakathi kokulawulwa kwenethiwekhi nezindiza zedatha, yenza kube lula ukuhleleka kwenethiwekhi nokuguquguquka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-NFV ivumela ukwenziwa ngokubonakalayo kwemisebenzi yenethiwekhi, efana nezindonga zomlilo noma izilinganisi zokulayisha, ukunciphisa ukuncika kuzingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezizinikele Lobu buchwepheshe buguqula indlela amanethiwekhi aklanywa futhi aphathwa ngayo, ahlinzeke ⁤ubuchule obukhulu nokusebenza kahle kwawo.

10. Isiphetho: Ikusasa lamaphrothokholi enethiwekhi nomthelela wawo ekuxhumekeni

Ikusasa lamaphrothokholi enethiwekhi nomthelela wawo ekuxhumekeni

Protocolos de Red
I protocolos de red Amasethi emithetho nemithethonqubo evumela ukuxhumana phakathi kwamadivayisi ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi. Le mithetho ichaza ukuthi ukuxhumana kusungulwa, kugcinwa, futhi kuqedwe kanjani, kanye nokunquma ukuthi idatha idluliselwa futhi yamukelwe kanjani. Ngaphandle ⁤amaphrothokholi enethiwekhi, ukuxhumana phakathi kwamadivayisi ahlukene bekungeke kwenzeke. Ezinye izibonelo ezidumile⁢ zamaphrothokholi enethiwekhi zifaka i-Internet Protocol (IP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), kanye ne-Hypertext Transfer Protocol⁤ (HTTP).

Sibheke ngase⁢ Ikusasa
I ikusasa lamaphrothokholi enethiwekhi Ivela ⁤ njengendlela yokuthuthukisa okuqhubekayo nokuzivumelanisa nezimo. Ezweni elixhumeka ngokwandayo, kulindeleke ukuthi kube nokwenyuka okukhulu kwenani nokuhlukahluka kwamadivayisi axhunywe kunethiwekhi, kusukela kuma-smartphones namathebulethi kuya ezintweni zikagesi ezihlakaniphile nezimoto ezizimele ithrafikhi yedatha, isivinini esikhulu sokudlulisela, nokuphepha okukhulu.

Umthelela⁤ ⁢Ukuxhumana
El impacto de los protocolos de red ekuxhumekeni akunakuphikwa.⁤ Banomthwalo wemfanelo wokuthi sikwazi ukuthumela nokwamukela idatha nge-inthanethi, ukufinyelela amakhasi ewebhu, ukuthumela ama-imeyili, ukwenza amakholi evidiyo⁣ kanye neminye imisebenzi eminingi yansuku zonke ku-inthanethi. Ukwengeza, izivumelwano zenethiwekhi nazo zithinta ikhwalithi yokuxhuma nokuzinza, njengoba zinquma ukuthi amaphakethe wedatha aphathwa kanjani nokuthi uxhumano oluthembekile lusungulwa kanjani. Kafushane, amaphrothokholi enethiwekhi ayigiya elingabonakali elivumela ukuxhumana okuketshezi nokuvikelekile inkathi yedijithali.