Ukuhlelwa kwe-algorithm: Umhlahlandlela ophelele wokuqonda nokusebenzisa ama-algorithms ezinhlelweni
Ukuhlelwa kwekhompiyutha kuguqule indlela esisebenzisana ngayo nobuchwepheshe futhi sekuqhubekisele phambili inqubekelaphambili ebalulekile emikhakheni eyahlukene. Enhliziyweni yalesi siyalo kukhona umqondo we-algorithm, ukulandelana okunengqondo nokuhlelekile kwemiyalelo esivumela ukuthi sixazulule inkinga noma senze umsebenzi. Kulesi sihloko, sihlola ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi iyini i-algorithm yokuhlela, ukubaluleka kwayo, nokuthi ingasetshenziswa kanjani ngempumelelo ukukhulisa ukusebenza nokwandisa izinhlelo.
Iyini i-algorithm yokuhlela?
Empeleni, a ukuhlela i-algorithm I-algorithm ingachazwa njengesethi yemithetho nezinqubo ezinengqondo ezisetshenziselwa ukuxazulula inkinga ethile kusetshenziswa ulimi lokuhlela. Ama-algorithms ayisisekelo esiyisisekelo sokuhlela, njengoba enikeza indlela yokuhlela nokuhlela imiyalelo edingekayo ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela oyifunayo. Kumelwe ziqonde, zinemininingwane, futhi zihloniphe i-syntax yolimi lokuhlela olusetshenzisiwe.
Ukubaluleka kwama-algorithms ezinhlelweni
Ama-algorithms adlala indima ebalulekile ezinhlelweni, njengoba evumela abahleli bezinhlelo ukuthi bahlukanise izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi zibe imisebenzi emincane, elawulekayo. Ngokuhlukanisa inkinga ibe ama-algorithms alula, ukuqonda nokusebenzisa izixazululo eziphumelelayo kuba lula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-algorithms asiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kohlelo ngokuhlonza nokuqeda ukungasebenzi kahle. Ngamafuphi, ama-algorithms abalulekile ekuhleleni okusebenzayo nokuphumelelayo.
Izicelo nezibonelo zama-algorithms wokuhlela
Ama-algorithms wokuhlela anohlu olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene. Kusukela ekuhlungeni idatha nasekuseshweni kwedathabheyisi kuya ekucindezelweni kwefayela nokucubungula izithombe, ama-algorithms akhona ezicini eziningi zokuphila kwethu kwansuku zonke. Ezinye izibonelo Izibonelo ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa ama-algorithms okusesha kanambambili, ukuhlela ama-algorithms afana nokuhlunga kwebhamuza noma ukuhlunga okusheshayo, nama-algorithms egrafu njenge-algorithm ye-Dijkstra. Lezi zibonelo zibonisa ukuthi ama-algorithms angasetshenziswa kanjani ezimweni ezahlukene futhi anikeze izixazululo eziphumelelayo ezinkingeni ezihlukahlukene.
Sengiphetha, ama-algorithms wokuhlela ayingxenye ebalulekile emkhakheni wokuhlelwa kwekhompyutha. Ukuqonda kwabo nokusebenzisa ngendlela efanele kuvumela abahleli bezinhlelo ukuthi baxazulule izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi bandise ukusebenza kwezinhlelo zabo. Ngokufunda ubuciko be-algorithms, umhlaba wamathuba namathuba angavulwa emkhakheni wezinhlelo. Ezihlokweni ezilandelayo, sizohlola amasu athile kanye nama-algorithms athuthuke kakhulu ukuze siqhubeke sandise ulwazi lwethu kule ndawo.
Isingeniso ku-Programming Algorithms
Ama-algorithms wokuhlela Ama-algorithms ayimiyalo enemininingwane enengqondo evumela isixazululo sezinkinga zokubala. Ziyisisekelo esiyisisekelo sanoma yiluphi uhlelo futhi zisetshenziselwa ukwenza imisebenzi ethile ngendlela efanele. Lawa ma-algorithms abhalwe ngezilimi zokuhlela futhi kufanele acace futhi acace ukuze aqondwe yibo bobabili umhleli kanye nekhompyutha.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-algorithms wokuhlelaNgamunye wakhelwe umsebenzi othile. Ama-algorithms alandelanayo yilawo alandela ukulandelana okunengqondo, lapho isinyathelo ngasinye senziwa ngemva kwesinye. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-algorithm anemibandela aqukethe imiyalo eyenziwa kuphela uma isimo esithile sihlangatshezwana nayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-algorithms aphindaphindayo Baphinda imisebenzi ethile kuze kube yilapho kuhlangatshezwana nombandela othile noma bengasafinyelelwa.
La Ukubaluleka kwama-algorithms wokuhlela Okubalulekile ukuthi bavumela ukubhalwa kwezinhlelo ezisebenza kahle nezithuthukisiwe. I-algorithm eklanywe kahle ingenza umehluko phakathi kohlelo olunensayo nolungasebenzi kahle kanye nolusheshayo nolusebenzayo. Ama-algorithms asiza futhi ukuhlela nokuhlela ikhodi ngendlela enengqondo, okwenza kube lula ukuyigcina nokuyiqonda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuhlakani bokuhlaziywa kwe-algorithm kanye nokwakheka kuvumela abahleli bezinhlelo ukuthi baxazulule izinkinga ngempumelelo nangempumelelo, bonga isikhathi nezinsiza ekuthuthukisweni kwesoftware.
Ama-algorithms wokuhlela: umqondo kanye nezici eziyinhloko
I ama-algorithms wokuhlela Ziwukulandelana kweziqondiso ezinengqondo nezichazwe kahle ezivumela inkinga ethile ukuba ixazululwe. Ziyisisekelo esiyisisekelo sanoma yiluphi uhlelo lwekhompiyutha, ngoba ziyachaza Igxathu emvakwe gxathu Imisebenzi okufanele yenziwe ukuze uthole umphumela oyifunayo. i-algorithm Ingasetshenziswa ngezilimi ezahlukene zokuhlela futhi yenziwe ngekhompuyutha.
I izici eziyinhloko kwe ama-algorithms wokuhlela Ukusebenza kahle nokunemba kwazo kuyisihluthulelo. I-algorithm enhle kufanele ikwazi ukuxazulula inkinga ngendlela efanele, okungukuthi, isebenzisa izinsiza ezimbalwa kakhulu, njengesikhathi sokwenza nenkumbulo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kube nembayo; okungukuthi, imiyalo kufanele icace futhi icace ukuze ikhompuyutha ikwazi ukuzisebenzisa ngendlela efanele.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene izinhlobo zama-algorithms ezisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni, njengama-algorithms alandelanayo, ama-algorithms anemibandela, nama-algorithms aphindaphindayo. Ama-algorithms alandelanayo aqukethe uchungechunge lwemiyalelo eyenziwa ngokulandelana, enye ngemva kwenye. Ama-algorithms anemibandela avumela ukuthi izinqumo zenziwe kanye nemiyalelo ehlukene okufanele isetshenziswe kuye ngesimo esithile. Okokugcina, ama-algorithms aphindaphindayo asetshenziselwa ukuphinda isethi yemiyalelo izikhathi ezimbalwa kuze kube yilapho kuhlangatshezwana nesimo esithile.
Indima yama-algorithms ezinhlelweni zesoftware
I ama-algorithm dlala indima ebalulekile ku uhlelo lwesoftwareI-algorithm iwukulandelana okunengqondo kwemiyalelo exazulula inkinga ethile. Kumongo wokuhlela, ama-algorithms abalulekile ekuklameni izixazululo ezisebenza kahle nezihlelekile. I-algorithm enhle kufanele icace, iqonde, futhi ibe nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu.
Ngokusebenzisa ama-algorithms kuhlelo lwesoftware, abathuthukisi bangakwazi nokwandisa isikhathi nezinsiza kudingekile ukuxazulula inkinga. Ngokukhetha i-algorithm efanele, ukusebenza okungcono kanye nokulinganisa okukhulu kungafinyelelwa kusofthiwe. Ama-algorithms angasetshenziswa ukwenza imisebenzi eyahlukene, njengokuhlunga idatha, ukucinga ulwazi, noma ukwenza izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kubalulekile ukukhetha i-algorithm efanele kuye ngezidingo ezithile zesoftware.
Ekuhlelweni kwesoftware, ama-algorithms nawo adlala indima efanele kuhlelo ukwenza kahle kwezinsiza nezinquboI-algorithm eklanywe kahle inganciphisa isikhathi nenkumbulo esetshenziswa uhlelo, ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwayo nokusebenza kwayo. Ama-algorithms futhi avumela ukuxazulula izinkinga ngokushesha nangaphezulu, okubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni isofthiwe yekhwalithi. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, ama-algorithms aya ngokuya eba yinkimbinkimbi futhi abe namandla, okuvumela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi nezisebenzayo.
Ama-algorithms nokubaluleka kwawo ekusebenzeni kahle kohlelo
I ama-algorithm ziyingxenye eyisisekelo ye ukuhlela futhi ubambe iqhaza elibalulekile ku ukusebenza kahle wezinhlelo. I-algorithm iyisethi yemiyalo ehlelekile nenembayo evumela ukuthi inkinga ixazululwe noma kwenziwe umsebenzi othile. Ukubaluleka kwayo kulele ekutheni i-algorithm enhle ingathuthukisa isikhathi sokwenza sohlelo futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kwalo.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze ama-algorithm ezisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni, njengama-algorithm okusesha, ukuhlela ama-algorithms, ama-graph algorithms, phakathi kokunye. Ngamunye wabo unendlela yakhe yokuxazulula futhi isetshenziswa ezimweni ezahlukene. Isibonelo, ama-algorithm okusesha asetshenziselwa ukuthola into ethile ohlwini noma kumalungu afanayo, kuyilapho ama-algorithms okuhlunga asetshenziselwa ukuhlela izici zohlu ngohlelo olukhuphukayo noma olwehlayo.
Ukusebenza kahle kohlelo kuncike kakhulu ekukhethweni kwe-algorithm efanele. I-algorithm enhle inganciphisa isikhathi sokwenziwa sohlelo, okuholela ekusebenzeni okungcono kanye a ukusebenza kahle okukhuluNgakolunye uhlangothi, i-algorithm engasebenzi kahle ingabangela ukuthi uhlelo luthathe isikhathi eside ukusebenza, okungaholela ekumosheni isikhathi nezinsiza. Ngalesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukukhetha i-algorithm efanele yenkinga ngayinye noma umsebenzi, kucatshangelwa izici ezifana nosayizi wedatha, inkimbinkimbi ye-algorithm, kanye nezinsiza ezitholakalayo.
Izincomo zokuklama ama-algorithms asebenzayo ezinhlelweni
Emhlabeni wezinhlelo, ukuklama ama-algorithms asebenzayo kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe isofthiwe yekhwalithi. I-algorithm ephumelelayo yileyo esebenzisa izinsiza ezimbalwa kakhulu ukuxazulula inkinga, okuholela ohlelweni olusheshayo olusebenzisa inkumbulo ephansi. Nazi izibonelo:
1. Chaza ngokucacile inkinga: Ngaphambi kokuqala ukuklama i-algorithm, kubalulekile ukuqonda kahle inkinga ofuna ukuyixazulula. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuqonda izidingo, imikhawulo, nedatha yokufaka. Ukuhlaziywa okuhle kwenkinga kuzokuvumela ukuthi uthole isixazululo esingcono kakhulu futhi ugweme ama-algorithms ayinkimbinkimbi ngokungadingekile.
2. Sebenzisa izakhiwo zedatha eziphumelelayo: Ukukhetha okulungile kwezakhiwo zedatha kuyisihluthulelo sokuklama ama-algorithms asebenzayo. Ukusebenzisa izakhiwo zedatha ezifanele, ezifana nezinhla, izinhlu ezixhunyiwe, noma izihlahla, kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwe-algorithm. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukucabangela usayizi wedatha nokuthi ifinyelelwa kanjani ukuze ukhethe isakhiwo esisebenza kahle kakhulu.
3. Yehlisa ubunkimbinkimbi be-algorithmic: Ubunkimbinkimbi be-algorithmic bubhekisela enanini lezinsiza ezidingwa yi-algorithm ukuze kuxazululwe inkinga ngokusekelwe kusayizi wedatha yokufaka. Kubalulekile ukunciphisa lobu bunzima bube buncane obunokwenzeka ukuze kuzuzwe ama-algorithms asebenzayo. Ukuthuthukisa imisebenzi, ukugwema izihibe ezingadingekile, nokusebenzisa amasu afana nokuhlela okuguquguqukayo kungasiza ekunciphiseni ubunkimbinkimbi be-algorithmic.
Ukucatshangelwa okubalulekile lapho usebenzisa ama-algorithms ngezilimi zokuhlela
Lapho kusetshenziswa ama-algorithms ezilimini zokuhlela, kunokucatshangelwa okubalulekile okufanele kucatshangelwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle nangempumelelo. Esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu ukukhethwa kolimi olufanele lokuhlela. Ulimi ngalunye lunezici zalo kanye nezinzuzo zalo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuhlola ukuthi yiluphi olufanelana kangcono nezidingo ze-algorithm okukhulunywa ngayo.
Okunye okucatshangelwayo okubalulekile yi- ukusebenza kahle kwe-algorithm Kubalulekile ukuklama nokuthuthukisa ama-algorithms asheshayo futhi asebenzisa izinsiza ezimbalwa ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza okuhle ngesikhathi sokwenza. Lokhu kuhilela ukukhetha ama-algorithms anobunkimbinkimbi obuphansi kakhulu nokugwema lezo ezingase zidale izinkinga ohlelweni.
Ukufundeka kwekhodi nokugcinwa Lezi futhi izici ezibalulekile lapho kusetshenziswa ama-algorithms ngezilimi zokuhlela. Kubalulekile ukuhlela ikhodi ngokucacile nangendlela ehlelekile, kusetshenziswa amagama achazayo okuguquguqukayo nemisebenzi. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokusiza ukuqonda i-algorithm kodwa futhi kuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwayo kwesikhathi eside.
Amasu okuxazulula izinkinga usebenzisa ama-algorithms
Ama-algorithms ukulandelana okunengqondo kwemiyalelo esetshenziswayo ukuxazulula izinkingaEmkhakheni wezinhlelo, ama-algorithms abaluleke kakhulu. Ngazo, abahleli bezinhlelo bangakha izixazululo ezisebenzayo nezisebenzayo ezimeni ezahlukahlukene. Kunezinto eziningana ezingaba usizo olukhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwezinhlelo zekhompyutha.
Elinye lamasu asetshenziswa kakhulu yindlela yokuhlukanisa nokunqoba. Le ndlela ihlanganisa ukuhlukanisa inkinga eyinkimbinkimbi ibe yizinkinga ezincane, ezilawulekayo. Lokhu kuvumela inkinga ngayinye ukuthi ixazululwe ngayodwana bese izixazululo ezitholiwe zihlanganiswe ukuze kuxazululwe inkinga enkulu.Le ndlela iwusizo ikakhulukazi lapho usebenza nezinkinga ezinkulu noma izinkinga ezingahlukaniswa zibe imisebenzi elula.
Elinye isu elivamile indlela ye-brute-force. Leli su libandakanya ukuhlola zonke izixazululo ezingaba khona zenkinga nokukhetha leyo ehlangabezana nezidingo ezimisiwe. Nakuba le nqubo ingase ihambe kancane futhi ibize ngokwezibalo, Kungaba ngempumelelo ezimeni lapho kungenakwenzeka khona ukuthola isisombululo esisebenza kahle.Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli su lingaba usizo kakhulu ezinjongweni zemfundo, njengoba livumela ukuqonda umqondo oyisisekelo ekuxazululeni izinkinga nokuthi ama-algorithms asebenza kanjani isinyathelo ngesinyathelo.
Ukubaluleka kwemibhalo ye-algorithm ekuthuthukisweni kwesoftware
Imibhalo ye-algorithm iyisici esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa kwesoftware. Ama-algorithms ukulandelana kwezinyathelo ezinengqondo ezivumela isixazululo sezinkinga ezithile. ngempumeleloAmadokhumenti afanelekile abalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqondwa komsebenzi wawo, ukwenza lula ukugcinwa kwawo, nokugwema izinkinga ezingase zibe khona esikhathini esizayo.
Okokuqala njeImibhalo ye-algorithm inikeza isiqondiso esicacile nesifushane sendlela yokusebenzisa i-algorithm ethile. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kumaphrojekthi wokubambisana wokuthuthukisa isofthiwe, lapho abahleli bezinhlelo abahlukene bangase basebenze kukhodi efanayo. Amadokhumenti anemininingwane avumela abanye onjiniyela ukuthi baqonde ngokushesha inhloso nengqondo ye-algorithm, kuvinjwe ukungaqondi okungaba khona kanye namaphutha ekusetshenzisweni kwayo.
Ngaphandle kwalokhoImibhalo efanele yama-algorithms isiza ekulungiseni amaphutha kanye nenqubo yokuxazulula inkinga. Uma kwenzeka iphutha lesofthiwe, imibhalo enemininingwane ivumela ukulandelela nokuhlaziya i-algorithm ehlobene, kuhlonzwe imithombo yephutha engaba khona. Ngaphandle kwemibhalo efanele, inqubo yokususa iphutha ingaba yindida futhi ibe yinde, ivimbele ukuxazululwa kwenkinga.
Okokugcina, imibhalo ye-algorithm Ibalulekile ekugcinweni kwesikhathi eside kwesoftware. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ama-algorithms angaphelelwa yisikhathi noma adinge ukubuyekezwa. Amadokhumenti aphelele nakamuva ahlinzeka ngereferensi ecacile yokuthi ungawashintsha kanjani noma uthuthuke kanjani ama-algorithm akhona, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinguquko aziphazamisi kabi ukusebenza kwesofthiwe.
Ngingu-Sebastián Vidal, unjiniyela wekhompyutha ozifelayo ngobuchwepheshe kanye ne-DIY. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngingumdali we tecnobits.com, lapho ngabelana khona ngezifundo zokwenza ubuchwepheshe bufinyeleleke kakhudlwana futhi buqonde wonke umuntu.