I-Apple ne-Intel balungiselela umfelandawonye omusha ukuze benze ama-chips ochungechunge lwe-M alandelayo.

Ikhefu phakathi I-Apple ne-Intel Ngo-2020, lapho amaMacs elahla ama-processor we-x86 ethanda i-Apple Silicon, kwabonakala kucacile. Kodwa-ke, imibiko eminingana evela ku-supply chain iphakamisa ukuthi zombili izinkampani sezizokwenza baqale kabusha ubuhlobo babo ngaphansi kwemodeli ehluke ngokupheleleI-Intel izophinde yenzele i-Apple ama-chips, kodwa kulokhu njengesisekelo nje futhi ngaphandle kokungenelela ekwakhiweni.

Ngokwemibiko eminingi evela kumhlaziyi uMing-Chi Kuo, i-Apple isivele ithathe izinyathelo zokuqala zokuthi izizukulwane ezizayo zamaphrosesa wezinga lokungena le-M akhiqizwa ezimbonini ze-Intel e-United States kusukela 2027Lo msebenzi uzomela ushintsho olukhulu lwesu layo yonke imboni ye-semiconductor futhi, ngokulandelayo, uzoqinisa ukukhiqizwa kwezobuchwepheshe eNyakatho Melika.

Imaphi ama-chips ayezokwenziwa yi-Intel futhi ayezofika nini?

Ukuvuza okuhlukahlukene kuvumelana nalokho I-Intel izokhiqiza kuphela amaphrosesa we-M-series wezinga lokungenaOkusho ukuthi, ama-SoCs ngaphandle kwe-Pro, Max, noma i-Ultra. Lawa ama-chips asetshenziswa i-Apple emikhiqizweni enevolumu ephezulu njenge I-MacBook Air ne-iPad Pro noma i-iPad Air, futhi ezimele amashumi ezigidi zamayunithi ngonyaka.

Imibiko ikhuluma ngokukhethekile ngezizukulwane ezizayo I-M6 kanye ne-M7 njengabangenele ukhethoKodwa-ke, ezinye izinguqulo zingafakwa kuye ngokuthi uhlelo lwangaphakathi lwe-Apple luvela kanjani. Umqondo uwukuba i-Intel iqale ukuthumela i-silicon yokukhiqiza phakathi... ikota yesibili neyesithathu ka-2027inqobo nje uma izivivinyo zokuqala zihamba njengoba bekuhleliwe.

Empeleni, i-chip ezotholwa yi-Intel izoba yi- isisekelo se-M-class SoC okuyinto u-Apple ngokuvamile ayigcinele amalaptops angasindi namathebulethi asezingeni eliphezulu. Iphinde ivule umnyango ukuze le processor ikwazi ukunika amandla ekugcineni I-MacBook ethengekayo esekelwe ku-chip ethathwe ku-iPhone, umkhiqizo obekucatshangwa ngawo engxenyeni yesibili yeshumi leminyaka.

Ngokwevolumu, izilinganiso zibonisa ukuthi ukuthunyelwa okuhlanganisiwe kwe IMacBook Air ne-iPad Pro/Air kulindeleke ukuthi zithengise amayunithi aphakathi kwezigidi eziyi-15 nezingu-20 ngonyaka cishe ngo-2026 no-2027. Akusona isibalo esikhulu uma siqhathaniswa nekhathalogi yonke ye-Apple, kodwa siphawuleka ngokwanele ukunikeza ibhizinisi le-Intel's foundry umfutho.

Kuyafaneleka ukugcizelela ukuthi, ngokombono womsebenzisi wokugcina, Awukho umehluko ekusebenzeni noma ezicini okulindelekile. uma kuqhathaniswa nama-chips akhiqizwa yi-TSMC. Umklamo uzoqhubeka nokuba umthwalo we-Apple ngokuphelele, nge efanayo Arm architecture kanye nokuhlanganiswa okufanayo ne-macOS ne-iPadOS.

I-Intel 18A: i-node ethuthukisiwe efuna ukuyenga i-Apple

Umdwebo omkhulu we-Apple ulele Inqubo ye-Intel 18A semiconductor, i-node ethuthuke kakhulu evela enkampanini yaseMelika. Kuwubuchwepheshe be Ama-nanometer ayi-2 (sub-2 nm ngokusho kwe-Intel ngokwayo) ethembisa ukuthuthukiswa kokufika Ukwenyuka ngo-15% ekusebenzeni kahle nge-watt ngayinye futhi nxazonke a 30% ukwanda kwabantu phambi kwe-Intel node 3.

Le nqubo efanayo ye-18A iyona eshayela entsha I-Intel Core Ultra 3 series (Panther Lake)futhi isivele ikhiqizwa ezimbonini ezise-United States. Ku-Apple, lokhu kusho ukuba nomhlinzeki owengeziwe okwaziyo enza ama-chips esizukulwane esilandelayo ngaphandle kwase-Asia, into eya ngokuya inesisindo ezinqumweni zezinkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe.

Ngokusho kukaKuo, i-Apple isivele isayine i-a isivumelwano semfihlo nge-Intel futhi uzoba nokufinyelela kusenesikhathi Ikhithi yokuklama inqubo (PDK) ye-18A. Ngalesi sikhathi, inkampani ye-Cupertino izobe iqhuba ukulingisa kwangaphakathi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ngabe inqubo ihlangabezana nezimfuneko zayo ukusebenza kahle nokuthembeka.

Ingqophamlando elandelayo ewukhiye ukushicilelwa kwe-Intel kwe izinguqulo zokugcina ze-PDK (1.0 kanye ne-1.1), kuhlelelwe ikota yokuqala yonyaka wezi-2026Uma imiphumela ihlangabezana nokulindelwe, isigaba sokukhiqiza sizovulwa ukuze ama-chips okuqala ochungechunge lwe-M akhiqizwe yi-Intel abe eselungile ngo-2027.

Lesi sinyathelo sizophinde sibe yithuba le-Intel ukukhombisa ukuthi isu layo lesisekelo libucayi. Ukuvikela ikhasimende elifunayo njenge-Apple endaweni esezingeni eliphezulu njenge-18A kungaba impumelelo enkulu. Kungabaluleka kakhulu njengokugunyaza kwezobuchwepheshe nokungokomfanekiso kunomthamo wemali engenayo eqondile.

I-TSMC izoqhubeka nokubusa imakethe ye-Apple Silicon ephezulu.

Naphezu kokulindela okuzungeze isivumelwano esingaba khona, yonke imithombo iyakugcizelela lokho I-TSMC izohlala inguzakwethu oyinhloko we-AppleInkampani yaseTaiwan izoqhubeka nokukhiqiza i- ama-chips athuthuke kakhulu ochungechungeni lwe-M -izinhlobonhlobo ze-Pro, Max, kanye ne-Ultra ezifakwe ku-MacBook Pro, Mac Studio, noma i-Mac Pro-, kanye I-A-series SoC ye-iPhone.

Eqinisweni, yi-TSMC elungiselela ama-node azovumela i-Apple ukwenza igxumela kuma-nanometers angu-2 kuma-iPhones azayo aphezulu nakuma-Mac azayo aqondiswe kochwepheshe. Ukuvuza kuphakamisa ukuthi amamodeli afana ne-iPhone 18 Pro engenzeka noma i-iPhone egoqekayo angaqala ngezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezithuthuke kakhulu.

Kulokhu kusatshalaliswa kwezindima, I-Intel izothatha okuhlukile okuyinkimbinkimbi kancane kwama-M chipskuyilapho i-TSMC izogcina iningi lokukhiqiza kanye nezingxenye eziphezulu ze-value-added. Ku-Apple, lokhu kufana ne-a imodeli ehlanganisiwe: isabalalisa imithwalo yemisebenzi phakathi kwezikhungo ezisekelwe ezindlekweni, ukutholakala kwamandla, kanye nezinjongo zokusebenza.

Lesi sinyathelo sihambisana nethrendi inkampani ebilokhu iyisebenzisa kwezinye izingxenye iminyaka: ukunganciki kumphakeli oyedwa ngezinto ezibalulekile, ikakhulukazi kumongo wokungezwani kwezwe kanye nokuphazamiseka okungenzeka kube khona.

Ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo, amadivaysi asezingeni eliphezulu azoqhubeka nokufika kuqala. ngama-chips akhiqizwa yi-TSMCkuyilapho imikhiqizo yevolumu ephezulu, enezindleko eziphansi izokwazi ukuncika kumthamo omusha ohlinzekwa amafekthri e-Intel eNyakatho Melika.

I-Geopolitics, ukukhiqizwa kwe-US, kanye nengcindezi ku-supply chain

Ngale kwezici zobunjiniyela, lokhu kubambisana phakathi kwe-Apple ne-Intel kunengxenye ecacile yezepolitiki. Ukukhiqiza ingxenye yama-M chips e-United States kuzovumela i-Apple ukuthi... ukuqinisa isithunzi sayo njengenkampani ezibophezele ekukhiqizeni kuzwelonke, into ehambisana nenkulumo ka "Kwenziwe e-USA" eqhutshwa ngabaphathi bakaDonald Trump.

Ama-chips akhiqizwa ngaphansi kwe-node 18A njengamanje agxile ezikhungweni ezifana ne- I-Intel's Fab 52 e-ArizonaUma i-Apple inquma ukuzisebenzisa ku-MacBook Air yayo ne-iPad Pro, ingaveza leyo mikhiqizo njengesibonelo esibambekayo ihadiwe ephezulu ene-value-added ekhiqizwa emhlabathini waseMelika, into ekhanga kakhulu mayelana nobudlelwano besikhungo.

Ngaleso sikhathi, i-Apple ibilokhu ibheka isikhathi eside. ihlukanise uchungechunge lwayo lokunikezela ukuze kuncishiswe ukuchayeka e-AsiaUkugxila komthamo omkhulu we-semiconductor e-Taiwan nasezindaweni ezizungezile kuwukukhathazeka okuphindaphindiwe kohulumeni nezinkampani ezinkulu, ikakhulukazi eYurophu noma e-United States, lapho izinhlelo zezigidi zamadola seziqalisiwe ukuheha izimboni zama-chip.

Ukuba ne-Intel njengomthombo wesibili kwinqubo ye-2nm kunganikeza i-Apple a indawo eyengeziwe yokuqondisa lapho kubhekene nezinxushunxushu ezingaba khona noma iziphazamiso ezithinta i-TSMC. Akukho okuningi mayelana nokumiselela uzakwethu wase-Taiwan njengoba kumayelana dala ukungafuneki engxenyeni ebalulekile yebhizinisi.

Kulesi simo, isivumelwano esingaba khona asinawo umthelela e-United States kuphela, kodwa futhi I-Europe nezinye izimakethe lokho kuncike ekugelezeni njalo kwemikhiqizo ye-Apple. I-ecosystem yokukhiqiza esabalaliswa ngokwezindawo inciphisa ingcuphe yokushoda kanye nokwenyuka kwamanani uma kwenzeka kuba nenkinga yesifunda.

Lokho okuzuzwa yi-Apple nokuthi yiziphi izingozi ze-Intel

Ngokombono we-Apple, izinzuzo zalokhu kuhamba zicacile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iyazuza ukwanda komthamo wokukhiqiza endaweni ethuthukisiwe ngaphandle kokulinda kuphela izinhlelo zokunweba ze-TSMC. Ngokolunye uhlangothi, Yehlisa ubungozi bokuthembela ku-Foundry eyodwa. cishe kuyo yonke ikhathalogi yabo ye-chip.

Ngale kwezici zobuchwepheshe, kukhona incazelo yezepolitiki nezomnotho: amanye amakhompyutha esizukulwane esilandelayo namathebulethi angaba nelebula Umkhiqizo owenziwe e-United StatesLokhu kusiza kokubili ngokwesithombe nasekuxoxisaneni ngezintela nemithethonqubo.

Ku-Intel, nokho, ukunyakaza kunobukhulu obukhona. Inkampani iyadlula esinye sezikhathi ezibucayi kakhulu emlandweni wayo wakamuvangokulahleka kokusebenza kwezigidigidi zamadola kanye nokulahleka kwesabelo semakethe kwabaqhudelana nabo njenge-AMD esigabeni se-PC, ngaphezu kwengcindezi yokungena ebhizinisini le-AI elibuswa yi-NVIDIA.

I-Intel's foundry division, ebizwa kabusha ngokuthi i-Intel Foundry, idinga amaklayenti esigaba esiphezulu athemba amanodi awo athuthuke kakhulu ukukhombisa ukuthi ingaqhudelana, okungenani kancane, ne-TSMC. Ngalo mqondo, ukuwina ama-oda we-Apple wokwenza ama-chips angu-2nm M kungaba ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu kwesithunzi sakhenoma ngabe izimali ezingenayo ezihambisana nazo zingafani nezezinye izinkontileka.

NgokukaKuo, ukubaluleka kwale nkontileka engaba khona kudlula izinombolo: uma i-18A ikholisa i-Apple, izovula umnyango wama-node azayo afana 14A futhi abalandela esikhundleni bangaheha amaphrojekthi amaningi nakakhulu, kokubili avela ku-Cupertino nakwezinye izinkampani zobuchwepheshe ezinentshisekelo kwenye indawo yangempela ye-Taiwanese hegemony kuma-semiconductors athuthukile.

Umthelela kubasebenzisi be-Mac ne-iPad eSpain naseYurophu

Kulabo abathengayo I-Mac ne-iPad eSpain noma kwamanye amazwe aseYurophuUkushintshela ekukhiqizeni okwabiwe phakathi kwe-TSMC ne-Intel akufanele kuphumele kunoma yiziphi izinguquko ezibonakalayo esikhathini esifushane. Amadivayisi azoqhubeka nokudayiswa ngamashaneli afanayo nangemigqa yomkhiqizo efanayo.

Into ebikezelwa kakhulu ukuthi amamodeli okuqala aseYurophu ane I-M-series chips ekhiqizwa yi-Intel Bazofika kusukela ngo-2027, bahlanganiswe ezizukulwaneni ze-MacBook Air ne-iPad Pro noma i-iPad Air ezingakakhululwa. Ukuma kwabo kuzoqhubeka nokuba ngamakhompyutha aphathekayo angasindi kanye namathebulethi asezingeni eliphezulu ukuze asetshenziswe umuntu siqu, ukufundisa, kanye nobuchwepheshe.

Ngayo yonke imiklamo engaphansi kokulawulwa okuqondile kwe-Apple, kulindeleke ukuthi Umehluko phakathi kwe-M chip ekhiqizwe yi-TSMC kanye nekhiqizwe yi-Intel cishe akunakwenzeka ukubonwa. Ekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke: ukucaciswa okufanayo, impilo yebhethri efanayo futhi, ngokombono, izinga elifanayo lokuzinza.

Umphumela ongaqondile, uma isu lisebenza, kungaba a ukuzinza okukhulu ekutholakaleni komkhiqizoNjengoba kunezikhungo ezimbili ezinkulu ezabelana ngomthwalo womsebenzi, i-Apple izoba sesimweni esingcono sokugwema ukuphela kwesitoko ngezikhathi zesidingo esikhulu, into ebaluleke kakhulu emikhankasweni efana ne- Emuva esikoleni noma Black Friday eYurophu.

Ngokombono wabaphathi baseYurophu, iqiniso lokuthi Ingxenye yokukhiqizwa kwama-chips abalulekile yenziwa ngaphandle kwe-Asia Lokhu kuhambisana nezinqubomgomo zamanje zokuphepha zokuhlinzeka. Yize i-Europe ikhulisa ukukhiqiza kwayo ngezinhlelo ezifana ne-EU Chips Act, inhlanganisela ye-TSMC ne-Intel njengabalingani be-Apple kunciphisa ubungozi banoma yiziphi izinkinga zasendaweni ezithinta imakethe yaseYurophu.

Konke kusikisela ukuthi, uma lesi sigaba esisha sokusebenzisana siyenzeka, I-Apple ne-Intel bazobhala kabusha ubudlelwano babo ngamagama ahluke kakhulu kunasenkathini yama-Mac anama-x86 processors.I-Apple izogcina ukulawula okuphelele phezu komklamo futhi izohlukanisa ukukhiqizwa phakathi kwe-TSMC ne-Intel ukuze ithole amandla kwezobuchwepheshe nezombusazwe, kuyilapho i-Intel izoba nethuba lokubonisa ngokwenza ukuthi ukuzibophezela kwayo ekubeni isisekelo esikhulu somhlaba kuyiqiniso. Kubasebenzisi, ikakhulukazi ezimakethe ezifana ne-Spain kanye ne-Europe yonke, umphumela kufanele uhumushele ekunikeleni okuqinile kwe-Mac ne-iPad, ngaphandle kokudela izinga lokusebenza nokusebenza kahle okuphawule i-Apple Silicon kusukela yasungulwa.

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I-China iphikisa ukuthengwa kuka-Nvidia kwama-AI chips ezinkampanini zayo zobuchwepheshe

U-Alberto Navarro

Ngingumshisekeli wezobuchwepheshe oguqule izintshisekelo zakhe "ze-geek" zaba umsebenzi. Ngichithe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10 yempilo yami ngisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu kanye nokukitaza ngazo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlelo ngenxa yelukuluku lokufuna ukwazi. Manje sengiqeqeshelwe ubuchwepheshe be-computer nemidlalo yama-video. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi sekuphele iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-5 ngisebenza ngokubhalela amawebhusayithi ahlukahlukene ezobuchwepheshe nemidlalo yevidiyo, ngenza izindatshana ezifuna ukukunikeza imininingwane oyidingayo ngolimi oluqondakala yiwo wonke umuntu.

Uma unemibuzo, ulwazi lwami lusukela kuyo yonke into ehlobene nesistimu yokusebenza ye-Windows kanye ne-Android yomakhalekhukhwini. Futhi ukuzibophezela kwami ​​​​kuwe, ngihlala ngizimisele ukuchitha amaminithi ambalwa futhi ngikusize uxazulule noma yimiphi imibuzo ongase ube nayo kulo mhlaba we-inthanethi.