Ifayela Le-RAW: Lokho Eliyikho, Ukuthi Isetshenziselwa Yini, nokuthi Kufanele Uyisebenzise Nini

Uma uke wacabanga ukungena emhlabeni wezithombe zedijithali noma uvele waphenya kuzilungiselelo ezithuthukisiwe zekhamera yakho, Cishe uhlangabezane nefayela elidumile le-.RAW.. Nakuba kungase kuzwakale njengomqondo wezobuchwepheshe obekelwe abanolwazi kakhulu, iqiniso liwukuthi ukwazi Iyini le fomethi futhi kungani ingenza umehluko omkhulu? Umthelela kwikhwalithi yezithombe zakho uyinto engafinyelelwa yinoma yimuphi umuntu ofundayo noma uchwepheshe. Kulesi sihloko, uzothola ngaphandle kobuchwepheshe obungadingekile. Konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana namafayela e-RAW, kungani ebaluleke kangaka, futhi kunini lapho kufaneleka ukusebenza nawo.

Umhlaba wokuhlela izithombe usushintshe kakhulu ngenxa yokufika kwefomethi ye-RAW. Namuhla, womabili amakhamera ochwepheshe kanye nama-smartphones amaningi avumela ukudubula kule modi. Nokho, Liyini ifayela le-RAW ngempela? Ihluke kanjani ku-JPG edumile?futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, Yiziphi izinzuzo kanye nokubi uma kuziwa ekuhleleni, ekulondolozeni nokwabelana ngezithombe zakho? Qhubeka ufunda ngoba uzothola izimpendulo ezicacile nezisebenzayo lapha, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumshisekeli, umdali wokuqukethwe, noma uchwepheshe ofuna ukuthola okwengeziwe ngekhamera yakho.

Liyini ngempela ifayela elithi RAW?

Igama I-RAW ivela esiNgisini futhi isho ukuthi "okuluhlaza". Kungani lelo gama? Ngoba, empeleni, Ifayela elingu-RAW ikhophi yedijithali emsulwa, engacutshungulwanga ethathwe inzwa yekhamera.. Lokhu kusho ukuthi azisekho izihlungi, ukuminyanisa, noma ukuthinta kabusha okuzenzakalelayo: Okubonayo ku-RAW yilokho inzwa ekurekhode, ngalo lonke ulwazi lwangempela mayelana nombala, ukukhanya, umehluko kanye nawo wonke ama-nuance of the scene..

Abantu abaningi baqhathanisa ifayela le-RAW "negethivu yedijithali" yenkathi ye-analog. Kunjengokungathi, ngemva kokudutshulwa ngakunye, inzwa ikunikeza lokho okungekuhle ungakwazi “ukwembula” ngendlela ofisa ngayo kamuvaNgale ndlela, uzogcina yonke idatha oyidingayo ukuze unqume ukuthi ufuna isithombe sakho sokugcina sibukeke kanjani, ngokungafani ne-JPG, esivele isebenzise ukulungiswa nokucindezelwa, futhi ilahle enye yaleyo datha uma ulondoloza isithombe.

Empeleni, I-RAW ayiyona ifomethi yesithombe elungele ukuphrintwa noma ukusetshenziswa njengoba injalo. Ngaphambi kokuyisebenzisa, uzodinga ukuyihlela futhi uyiguqulele kufomethi ehambisanayo njenge-JPG noma i-TIFF. Kodwa kulapho kanye enye yezimfanelo zayo ezinhle: ukuguquguquka kanye nokulawula okuphelele ekubonakaleni kokugcina kwesithombe.

Izici eziyinhloko nezinzuzo zefomethi ye-RAW

I-RAW izuze idumela layo elihle kakhulu phakathi kwabathwebuli bezithombe abangochwepheshe kanye nezimfundamakhwela ezithuthukile ngenxa yochungechunge lwezici ezihlukile, ezihumusha zibe izinzuzo ezibambekayo lapho uhlela futhi ushicilela izithombe zakho:

• Ukulondolozwa okugcwele kwedatha yoqobo: Ngokungasebenzisi ukuminyanisa noma ukuthinta kabusha okuzenzakalelayo, akukho neyodwa iphikseli yolwazi elahlekayo enqubweni yokuthwebula. Lokhu kufaka imininingwane emihle kakhulu, izithunzi, okuvelele, nalo lonke ibanga lombala inzwa yakho ekwazi ukulithwebula.
• Ukujula kombala okuphezulu kakhulu: Nakuba amafayela e-JPG egcina imininingwane enamabhithi angu-8 esiteshini (RGB), amafayela e-RAW ngokuvamile asebenza namabhithi angu-10, 12, 14 noma angu-16 esiteshini ngasinye, okuhunyushwa ngokuthi. izigidigidi zama-nuances wombala uma kuqhathaniswa nezigidi ezimbalwa noma amakhulu ezinkulungwane ze-JPG.
• Ukuhlela okuguquguqukayo nokungoni: Ungenza izinguquko eziningi ekuvezeni, ibhalansi emhlophe, ukugqama, ukugcwaliswa kwesikhala, noma ukucija ngaphandle kokululaza ikhwalithi yesithombe, njengoba ungakwazi njalo ukubuyela kufayela lokuqala le-RAW bese uqala kabusha.
• Ukuphatha kangcono izigcawu zokugqama okuphezulu: Ububanzi obuguquguqukayo be-RAW bukuvumela ukuthi uphinde uthole imininingwane kukho kokubili ithunzi elijulile kanye nezithombe ezinhle kakhulu ezishaywa umoya, zilungele ukuma kwezwe noma izimo ezinzima zokukhanya.
• Ilungele ukuphrinta kobuchwepheshe nefomethi enkulu: Uma ufuna ukuphrinta izithombe zakho ngekhwalithi ephezulu, i-RAW ifomethi eqinisekisa imininingwane ephezulu kanye nokuhlukaniswa kombala okushelelayo, ngaphandle kokuhlanganisa noma ama-artifact.

Uma usuwaqonda amandla ayo, kuyacaca ukuthi i-RAW iyinketho ekhethwayo uma ufuna ikhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu, ukuguquguquka, nokulawula ekukhiqizeni kwangemuva. Ifanele izithombe, imfashini, imvelo, nezithombe zomkhiqizo, kanye namaciko edijithali nabahleli abadinga ukwethembeka okuphezulu nenkululeko yokudala.

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-RAW ne-JPG (kanye namanye amafomethi)

Kungani ungasebenzisi i-JPG ngaso sonke isikhathi, uma ilula futhi itholakala emhlabeni wonke? Impendulo isekutheni ifomethi ngayinye ilusingatha kanjani ulwazi. Ifayela le-JPG liyifomethi ecindezelwe futhi yacutshungulwaIkhamera isebenzisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukulungiswa okunjengokulola, ukunciphisa umsindo, ukugqama, nokugcwaliswa kwesikhala, ilahla idatha ethathwa ngokuthi “ayidingekile,” futhi ilondoloza umphumela enguqulweni ecindezelwe, elungele ukubukwa, ukwabelana, noma ukuphrinta. Lokhu kuqondisa ukuhamba kwakho komsebenzi, kodwa ngezindleko ze lahlekelwa yikhwalithi, imininingwane kanye namathuba angemuva kokuhlela.

Uma ujabulile ngesithombe esingahleliwe, esingekho eshalofini, i-JPG isebenza kahle. Kodwa uma Uma ufuna ikhwalithi ephezulu, inkululeko kanye nefayela elithi "master" elinayo yonke idatha, i-RAW ayinambangi..

I-RAW iphinde ivelele kwamanye amafomethi afana ne-PNG noma i-TIFF kulokho ayiminyanisi noma ayishintshi isithombe ngesikhathi sokuthwebula, egcina ulwazi oluningi ngangokunokwenzeka. I-TIFF ingabamba ulwazi oluningi, kodwa ngokuvamile inkulu kakhulu, futhi i-PNG yakhelwe imidwebo esobala, hhayi ukuthwebula izithombe okuchwepheshile.

Ingabe ifayela le-PNG lingabhekwa njenge-RAW? Impendulo ithi cha. Yize i-PNG isebenzisa ukucindezela okungalahleki, ayilondolozi ama-nuances amaningi nesakhiwo esingahluziwe njengamafayela e-RAW.

Ubani osebenzisa ifomethi RAW futhi kuziphi izimo?

I-RAW, ekuqaleni ebikhethekile emkhakheni wobungcweti, Manje isiyatholakala kunoma yimuphi umsebenzisi ofuna ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi nokulawula izithombe zabo.Amaphrofayili nezimo lapho ikhanya khona kakhulu yilezi:

• Abathwebuli bezithombe abangochwepheshe: Imishado, imfashini, izithombe, imvelo, ukukhangisa, imikhiqizo, nayo yonke imikhakha lapho ikhwalithi nokuhlela kubalulekile.
• Abathandi bezithombe: Abathanda ukuzilibazisa abafuna ukuzama, ukufunda, nokuthola okuningi kumakhamera abo namakhono okuhlela.
• Abahleli, ama-retouchers nabaculi bedijithali: Badinga amafayela ekhwalithi ephezulu njengesisekelo somsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi, ukwakheka, noma ukuhlanganiswa kwedijithali.

Ubuhle nokubi kwamafayela e-RAW nokuthi akhethwa nini

I-RAW iyifomethi enamandla kakhulu, kodwa ayinazo izihibe zayo. Ukwazi okuhle nokubi kukusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi uzoyisebenzisa nini:

• Izinzuzo eziyinhloko:
  • Londoloza lonke ulwazi oluthathwe inzwa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa imininingwane ebalulekile.
  • Ivumela ukuhlela okungonakali, ukulungisa ukuchayeka, umbala, ubukhali, ukuncishiswa komsindo nokunye, ngaphandle kokufaka engozini ifayela lokuqala.
  • Inikeza ukujula kombala okuhle kakhulu (kufika ku-16 bits/channel), ifinyelela ama-gradations ashelelayo futhi isuse ama-posterization namabhande ombala.
  • Ilungele ukuhlenga izithombe ezingacacile noma ezivezwe ngokweqile, ukubuyisela imininingwane ezithombeni ezinhle kakhulu nezithunzi okunzima ukuzishintsha ku-JPG.
• Okubi okufanele kucatshangelwe:
  • Amafayela makhulu kakhulu (phakathi kuka-20 no-50 MB ngalinye), adinga umthamo omkhulu wokugcina.
  • Kudingeka zicutshungulwe ngaphambi kokwabelana noma ukuphrinta, njengoba zingahambisani ngokuqondile nemishini eminingi noma izinkundla zokuxhumana.

Inqubo yokusebenza ngamafayela e-RAW

Ukudubula ku-RAW kudinga ukulandela ukuhamba komsebenzi okufanele ukuze kuzuze izinzuzo zakhona. Ukulandelana okujwayelekile yilokhu:

1. Setha ikhamera yakho ku-RAW: Kumenyu yekhwalithi yesithombe, khetha RAW noma RAW+JPG, kuye ngezidingo zakho.
2. Hlela izithombe kukhompuyutha yakho: Sebenzisa izinhlelo ezifana ne-Lightroom, Capture One, noma ezinye ukuze uzingenise futhi uzihlukanise ngokwezigaba.
3. Ivezwa futhi ihlelwe: Amafayela angu-RAW adinga isofthiwe ethile ukuze awavule futhi uwalungise (I-Lightroom, Ikhamera eluhlaza, i-Darktable, i-RawTherapee). Lapha ulungisa ukuchayeka, umbala, ubukhali, njll.
4. Thumela ngefomethi evamile: Uma usuqedile, thekelisa ku-JPG, TIFF, noma i-PNG ukuze uyisebenzise okokugcina.

Ukuhambisana kwefayela le-RAW, amagama, nokuhluka

Ifomethi ye-RAW ayihlukile; umkhiqizi ngamunye unenguqulo yakhe yokuphathelene. Ezinye izibonelo ezijwayelekile yilezi:

• I-Canon: .CR2 y .CR3
• I-Nikon: .NEF
• I-Sony: .ARW

Ukuze kube lula ukuhambisana, I-Adobe idale ifomethi ye-DNG (“digital negative”)., i-RAW yendawo yonke esekela amafayela emikhiqizo ehlukene futhi esiza ukugwema ukubukwa kwesikhathi esizayo kanye nezinkinga zokulondoloza zesikhathi eside.

Khumbula lokho Akubona bonke ababukeli nabahleli abasekela wonke amafomethi we-RAWKubalulekile ukusebenzisa isofthiwe efanele yekhamera ngayinye nesidingo.

Izinhlelo zokuvula, ukuhlela nokuthuthukisa amafayela e-RAW

Ukuze ulawule amafayela akho e-RAW, kuyanconywa ukuthi usebenzise isofthiwe ekhethekile. Izinketho ezidumile zifaka:

• Igumbi Lokukhanya le-Adobe: Inamandla, iguquguquka, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi, enezici ezibanzi nokuphathwa komtapo.
• Thatha Okukodwa: Ivelele ngekhwalithi yombala nemininingwane, ikakhulukazi kusitudiyo nesithombe somkhiqizo.
• I-Adobe Camera RAW: I-Photoshop plugin, ilungele ukuhlela nokusebenza ngokuhambisana nemifanekiso.

Izici zobuchwepheshe: usayizi, ukulungiswa kanye nesikhala sombala

I-RAW ibonakala ngokuthi:

• Amafayela amakhulu kakhulu kunama-JPG: Phakathi kuka-20 no-50 MB ngesithombe ngasinye, kuye ngokulungiswa nenzwa.
• Isixazululo esiphezulu: Ilondoloza ikhwalithi ye-megapixel ngaphandle kokuhumusha noma ukuncishiswa.
• Isikhala sombala esibanzi: Ikuvumela ukuthi ukhethe izikhala ezifana ne-sRGB, i-Adobe RGB noma i-ProPhoto RGB ekuthumeleni.
• Ukujula kwebhithi ephezulu: Kufika kumabhithi angu-14-16 ngesiteshi ngasinye ukuze uthole ububanzi bethoni enkulu nemininingwane emihle.

Lokhu kuhunyushwa ngokuthi Imiphumela engcono ekuphrinteni, ekuhleleni nasekugcineni kungobo yomlando yesikhathi eside.

Nini futhi kungani kufanele ukhethe RAW (futhi nini i-JPG)

Ngalo lonke lolu lwazi, isinqumo phakathi kwe-RAW ne-JPG sizoncika ezidingweni zakho. Nazi ezinye izincomo:

• Iya ku-RAW uma:
  • Uhlele ukuhlela izithombe zakho kamuva.
  • Udinga ikhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu yokuphrinta okuphrofeshinali noma ukushicilela.
  • Isigcawu sinokugqama okuphezulu noma ukukhanya okunzima.
  • Usebenza kumaphrojekthi afunayo noma amaphrojekthi anentshisekelo yobuciko.
  • Ufuna ukugcina ifayela elithi "master" ukuze ulungiswe esikhathini esizayo.
• Sebenzisa i-JPG uma:
  • Ufuna isivinini nobulula ekwabelaneni.
  • Indawo yokugcina ilinganiselwe.
  • Awudingi ukuhlela izithombe noma ezenkundla yezokuxhumana kuphela.
  • Awunayo isofthiwe ethuthukisiwe noma isikhathi sokuhlela isithombe ngasinye.

Abathwebuli bezithombe abaningi bathwebula "RAW+JPG" ukuze ube nazo zombili izinguqulo bese unquma ukuthi iyiphi ozoyisebenzisa ekugcineni. Abanye omakhalekhukhwini abasezingeni eliphezulu Baphinde banikeze inketho yokudubula ku-RAW (ngokuvamile njenge-DNG) ukuze basebenzise amakhono abo okuhlela.

Ukulinganiselwa, izinganekwane kanye nezeluleko ezisebenzayo

Izinganekwane ezizungezile i-RAW zikhona, kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi:

• Akuwona wonke amakhamera avumela ukuthwebula nge-RAW: Amadivayisi amaningi ngokwengeziwe asekela le nketho.
• Ukudubula ku-RAW akukhiqizi ngokuzenzakalelayo izithombe “eziphelele”: Izinga lokugcina nalo lizoncika ekubunjweni, ekugxilweni nasekusunguleni komthwebuli wezithombe.
• Ukuhamba komsebenzi kuyakhandla kakhulu, kodwa ukutshalwa kwezimali kuwufanele uma ufuna imiphumela yobungcweti noma eyenziwe ngokwezifiso.
• Yenza njalo amakhophi ekhophi yasenqolobaneni: Amafayela angu-RAW makhulu futhi ahlukile, ngakho kuyanconywa ukuthi uwagcine okungenani ezindaweni ezimbili.
• Yiba nesineke futhi ulinge: Ukufunda ukuhlela RAW kuzokusiza uqonde kangcono ukukhanya nombala, futhi uthuthukise isitayela sakho.

Namuhla, izinhlelo ezifana ne-Lightroom zikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise ukulungiswa okuzenzakalelayo nenqwaba, okwenza kube lula ukuphatha amanani amakhulu wamafayela e-RAW. Ngemisebenzi esheshayo noma enezithombe eziningi, imodi ye-JPG noma RAW+JPG ingase ibe lula kakhulu.Nokho, ngenxa Emisebenzini edinga ikhwalithi ephezulu nokwenza ngendlela oyifisayo, i-RAW izoba umsizi wakho omkhulu..

Ukuthuthukisa ukwazisa kwefomethi ye-RAW kusho ukuthatha igxathu eliya phambili ekuziphendukeleni kwakho njengomthwebuli wezithombe noma umdali, njengoba igcina yonke imininingwane futhi ikuvumela ukuthi ulolonge isithombe sibe sesitayela sakho. Ukujwayela ukuhamba kwakho komsebenzi, izinzuzo, nezimo zokusetshenziswa kuzoholela emiphumeleni eminingi yokudala, yobungcweti, neyingqayizivele, noma ngabe ufuna ukuthwebula umzuzu okhethekile ngekhwalithi ephezulu noma ubonise umsebenzi wakho kugalari.