- I-SB 243 idinga ama-chatbot ukuthi azikhombe futhi anikeze izikhumbuzi zezikhathi ezithile, ngezaziso njalo emahoreni amathathu zezingane.
- Izingxoxo ezimayelana nocansi kanye nokuzilimaza nezingane zikhawulelwe, futhi izivumelwano ezibucayi ziyaqaliswa.
- Ama-Platforms kumele abike izimpawu zokufuna ukuzibulala ehhovisi lesifundazwe Lokuvimbela Ukuzibulala.
- Iphakethe lifaka eminye imithetho ye-California AI engcupheni, ama-deepfakes, kanye nesikweletu.
I-California ithathe isinyathelo esiwujuqu ekuqondiseni ubuhlakani bokwenziwa. ngomthetho ogxile kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi "ama-chatbot angabangane," lawo alingisa ubungane noma ukusondelana. Umbusi uGavin Newsom usayine i-SB 243, umthetho odinga ukuthi lawa mathuluzi azikhombe njengamasistimu azenzakalelayo futhi asebenzise izivikelo ezithile lapho exhumana nawo abasebenzisi abancane.
Isilinganiso, esixhaswe yiSigele Sezwe uSteve Padilla, sigxile kancane ekwakhiweni kwezobuchwepheshe nokunye okwengeziwe ukuxhumana ngokomzwelo phakathi kwabantu nemishiniInguqulo yokugcina, eyayilinganiselwe ngemva kwengcindezi evela embonini, igcina izibopho ezibalulekile: Izikhumbuzo ezivamile zokuthi ukhuluma ne-AI, izihlungi zokuqukethwe ezifanele iminyaka, kanye nezinqubo zokuphendula. izimpawu zokuzilimaza noma ukuzibulala.
Idingani ngempela i-SB 243?
Umnyombo wezinga udinga ukuthi ama-chatbot axwayise ngokucacile nangokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi anjalo Isoftware ye-AIKubasebenzisi abancane, isistimu kufanele ibonise isikhumbuzi okungenani njalo emahoreni amathathu, ngendlela ebonakalayo neqondakalayo ukuze kugwenywe ukudideka mayelana nemvelo okungeyona yomuntu yokusebenzelana.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, opharetha kufanele basebenzise izihlungi zokuqukethwe kanye nemikhawulo yobudala: Ucansi olubekela ingcaca nanoma ikuphi ukusebenzisana okwenza kujwayelekile noma okukhuthaza ukuzilimaza akufakiwe ezingxoxweni nezingane. Lezi zithiyo ziphelezelwa ukudluliselwa ezinsizeni ezibucayi lapho zitholwa. izinkomba zobungozi.
La Umthetho udinga izinkundla ukusungula izinqubo zokutholwa kusenesikhathi nezimpendulo., kanye nemibiko yamacala okucabanga ukuzibulala ahlonzwe ku Ihhovisi Lokuvimbela Ukuzibulala YeCaliforniaLokhu kuhlose ukuqinisa ukusebenzisana neziphathimandla zezempilo futhi kufakwe amamethrikhi kumthelela walawa mathuluzi empilweni yengqondo.
Ukusekela lezi zivikelo, Izinkampani kufanele zisebenzise izindlela zokuqinisekisa ubudala eziphusile ezinhlelweni zazo eziqondiswe kubahlali bombuso.Imfuneko isebenza kumanethiwekhi omphakathi, amawebhusayithi, nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinikeza ama-chatbot ahambisanayo, okuhlanganisa izinkundla zemidlalo noma izinketho ezihlukaniselwe izindawo ezisebenza e-California.
Inguqulo yokugcina ye-SB 243 ishiye ngaphandle ukucwaninga kwamabhuku ezinkampani zangaphandle kanye nohlelo lokusebenza lwabo bonke abasebenzisi (hhayi nje abancane) oluhlongozwe kokusalungiswa kwangaphambilini. Ngaphandle kwalokhu kusikeka, iNewsom ivikele lo mthethosivivinywa njenge idamu lokuvimba ngokumelene nomonakalo ongavinjelwa, nokuqala ukusebenza okuhlelelwe uJanuwari 2026.
Iphakheji ebanzi yemithetho ye-AI esifundazweni
I-SB 243 iza kanye nezinye izinhlelo ezisanda kuphasiswa, njenge-SB 53, ezidinga onjiniyela abakhulu be-AI ukuthi badalule esidlangalaleni amasu abo e-AI. ukuphepha kanye nokunciphisa ingoziUmgomo uwukuthuthukisa ukubonakala kwamamodeli athuthukile asevele enomthelela omkhulu emphakathini.
Ngokuhambisanayo, kuye kwakhuthazwa izinyathelo zokuvimbela izinkampani ekubalekeleni izibopho ngokuthi zithi lobo buchwepheshe "yenza ngokuzenzakalelayo"Izinhlawulo zabantu abangavumelananga ngokocansi nazo ziqinisiwe, okwandisa kakhulu izinhlawulo uma zithinta izisulu ezincane.
Iphakheji ihlanganisa nemikhawulo yokuvimbela ama-chatbot ukuthi azenze ongeyena ochwepheshe bezempilo noma izibalo zeziphathimandla, iqhinga elingadukisa abasebenzisi abasengozini. Ngalezi zingcezu, i-Sacramento iveza uhlaka lombuso oluzama ukulinganisa emisha, amalungelo, kanye ukuphepha komphakathi.
Ukusekela, ukugxeka kanye nokungabaza mayelana nobubanzi bayo
Izinga lithole ukunconywa ngokuba yisisekelo, ngesikhathi esifanayo ukugxekwa ngokuhluleka. Izinhlangano ezifana Imidiya Yokuqonda Okujwayelekile kanye ne-Tech Oversight Project ihoxise ukusekelwa kwayo ngemva kokuqeda ukuhlolwa kwamabhuku kwangaphandle kanye nokukhawulela ububanzi bayo ezinganeni, ezixwayisa ngokuthi kungenza umthetho ube yisenzo esinganele lapho kubhekene nezingozi zamanje.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abathuthukisi nochwepheshe baxwayisa ngokuthi a umthwalo ongalingani kungaholela “ekuvinjweni kokuqapha”: izihlungi eziqine kangangokuba zithulise izingxoxo ezisemthethweni mayelana nempilo yengqondo noma imfundo yocansi, zincishe intsha efuna usizo ku-inthanethi lokusekelwa okubalulekile.
Ingcindezi yezepolitiki nezomnotho ibishubile: Amaqembu ezobuchwepheshe kanye nemifelandawonye yezimboni zichithe izigidi zinxenxa phakathi neseshini ukuze zengamele imibhalo eqine kakhulu.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ihhovisi lomshushisi wombuso kanye I-FTC bacuphe ukucutshungulwa kwezinqubo ze-chatbot eziqondiswe ezinganeni, endaweni ye amacala omphakathi kanye nezikhalazo ezivela emindenini ethintekile.
Amacala akamuva kanye namacala aphikisana nawo izinkundla ezifana ne-Character.AI noma i-OpenAI zikhulise inkulumompikiswano yomphakathi. Ngemva kwamacala, Abadlali abakhulu abanjengoMeta kanye ne-OpenAI bamemezele izinguquko: Ukuvimbela izingxoxo ezingalungile nentsha kanye nokudluliselwa ezinsizeni ezikhethekile, kanye nezilawuli ezintsha zabazali.
Izinselelo zokuqalisa kanye nemiphumela ebonakala kusengaphambili
Ukwethulwa kuletha izinselelo zokusebenza. Izinkundla zomhlaba wonke kuzodingeka zinqume ngokunembile ukuthi ubani umhlali omncane eCalifornia futhi igade izigidi zokusebenzelana kwansuku zonke ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ubumfihlo, into eyinkimbinkimbi ngokobuchwepheshe nangokomthetho.
Enye inselelo kuzoba ukugwema "umthelela okhohlisayo" omayelana nokucwaninga ngokweqile: uma izinkampani zesaba unswinyo, zingahoxa. okuqukethwe okuwusizo ukuphila kahle ngokomzwelo ngenxa yobuhlakani obumsulwa. Ukuthola ibhalansi phakathi kokuvikela kanye nokufinyelela olwazini oluthembekile kuzoba ukhiye wokuhlola impumelelo yomthethonqubo.
Umbuzo womthelela kazwelonke nawo usamile: njengoba kwenzekile kweminye imithetho yase-California yakudala, izidingo zayo zingase zibe yi-de facto okujwayelekile kubasebenzisi kulo lonke elase-U.S., nangaphambi kokuba ubufakazi obuqinile bokusebenza butholakale.
Nakuba umbhalo wokugcina umncane kuneziphakamiso zokuqala, i I-SB 243 ibeka imithetho engakaze ibonwe "yama-chatbots angumngane": izexwayiso ezicacile, izihlungi zeminyaka yobudala kanye nezinqubomgomo zenhlekelele ngokubika kwesikhungo. Uma ukhona izithiyo ezincane Uma bekwazi ukuvikela izingane ngaphandle kokucindezela ukwesekwa okusemthethweni, iCalifornia izobe ikhanyise indlela emaphakathi ezinye izifundazwe ezingayilandela.
Ngingumshisekeli wezobuchwepheshe oguqule izintshisekelo zakhe "ze-geek" zaba umsebenzi. Ngichithe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10 yempilo yami ngisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu kanye nokukitaza ngazo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlelo ngenxa yelukuluku lokufuna ukwazi. Manje sengiqeqeshelwe ubuchwepheshe be-computer nemidlalo yama-video. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi sekuphele iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-5 ngisebenza ngokubhalela amawebhusayithi ahlukahlukene ezobuchwepheshe nemidlalo yevidiyo, ngenza izindatshana ezifuna ukukunikeza imininingwane oyidingayo ngolimi oluqondakala yiwo wonke umuntu.
Uma unemibuzo, ulwazi lwami lusukela kuyo yonke into ehlobene nesistimu yokusebenza ye-Windows kanye ne-Android yomakhalekhukhwini. Futhi ukuzibophezela kwami kuwe, ngihlala ngizimisele ukuchitha amaminithi ambalwa futhi ngikusize uxazulule noma yimiphi imibuzo ongase ube nayo kulo mhlaba we-inthanethi.