I-Commercial Capitalism: Ukuhlaziywa Kwezobuchwepheshe Kokusebenza Kwayo kanye Nomphumela Wezomnotho
I-capitalism yezohwebo, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-marketing capitalism noma umnotho wemakethe, uhlelo lwezomnotho oluye lwabusa ingxenye enkulu yomhlaba emakhulwini ambalwa eminyaka adlule. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izisekelo zethiyori nezisebenzayo zalolu hlobo lwenhlangano yezomnotho ngokombono wezobuchwepheshe, ngethoni engathathi hlangothi futhi ngaphandle kokuchema kwezombusazwe noma kwemibono.
Ubungxiwankulu bezentengiselwano busekelwe embonweni wokuthi amanani, ukukhiqizwa, kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwezimpahla namasevisi kunqunywa ngokuyinhloko ngokusebenzisana kwezimakethe—okungukuthi, ngokuhlinzekwa nokufunwa. Kulolu hlelo, abantu kanye namabhizinisi benza izinto ngokulandela izithakazelo zabo zezomnotho, okumele zizuzise umnotho wonkana.
Ukusebenza konxiwankulu bezentengiselwano kusho ubunikazi obuzimele bezindlela zokukhiqiza, ukuncintisana okukhululekile nokuvulekile phakathi kwabadlali bezomnotho, inkululeko yokuzikhethela, kanye nokuhlonipha izinkontileka zokuzithandela. Lezi zingxenye zithathwa njengezibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kahle komnotho kanye nokukhula kwesikhathi eside.
Nakuba ubungxiwankulu bezentengiselwano bube yibo abahamba phambili ekuthuthukisweni komnotho kanye nokuqoqwa kwengcebo emiphakathini eminingi, buphinde buqubule ukugxekwa okukhulu nenkulumompikiswano. Ukungalingani kweholo kanye nengcebo, izinto zangaphandle ezingezinhle njengokucekeleka phansi kwemvelo, kanye nezinselelo zenhlalakahle yomphakathi ngezinye zezinto ezikhathazayo ezivezwe maqondana nalolu hlelo lwezomnotho.
Kuso sonke lesi sihloko, sizohlola ngokuningiliziwe izakhiwo kanye nezindlela ze-capitalism yezohwebo, sihlaziya kokubili okuhle nokubi ngombono wezobuchwepheshe. Umgomo wethu uwukunikeza umbono ongachemile, osekelwe ebufakazini besistimu yezomnotho efakazele ukuthi isebenza kahle futhi iyinkimbinkimbi, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqonda okujulile kanye nengxoxo enolwazi mayelana nalolu hlobo lwenhlangano yezomnotho.
1. Isingeniso se-Commercial Capitalism
I-Capitalism yezohwebo wuhlelo lwezomnotho olusekelwe kubunikazi obuzimele bezindlela zokukhiqiza kanye nokuphishekela inzuzo ngohwebo. Kulolu hlelo, abantu namabhizinisi bahlanganyela ekukhiqizeni nasekudayiseni izimpahla namasevisi ngenhloso yokuthola inzuzo yemali. I-capitalism yezohwebo ibonakala ngokuncintisana phakathi kwabadlali bezomnotho abahlukene, inkululeko yokubeka amanani, kanye nokuqoqwa kwemali.
Kubunxiwankulu bezentengiselwano, abantu ngabanye namabhizinisi bangenza izinqumo zezomnotho ngokuzimela, ngaphandle kokungenelela kukahulumeni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amanani entengo yezimpahla namasevisi anqunywa ngokuhlinzekwa nokufunwa. emaketheNgaphezu kwalokho, kulolu hlelo, izinkampani zingaphinda zitshale inzuzo yazo ukuze zandise umkhiqizo wazo futhi zandise inzuzo yazo.
Esinye sezici ezibalulekile ze-capitalism yezohwebo ukwakhiwa kwezimakethe ezincintisanayo. Ukuncintisana phakathi kwabalingisi abahlukene bezomnotho kugqugquzela ukusungulwa, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nekhwalithi ethuthukisiwe yezimpahla namasevisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlelo lwezomnotho luvumela ukuhamba komphakathi, njengoba lunikeza amathuba kubantu ngabanye namabhizinisi ukuthi bakhule futhi baphumelele ngomzamo wabo kanye nethalente.
2. Incazelo kanye nezici ze-Commercial Capitalism
I-Commercial Capitalism wuhlelo lwezomnotho olusekelwe kubunikazi bangasese bezindlela zokukhiqiza kanye nokuphishekela inzuzo ngokuhwebelana nezimakethe nokuncintisana. Ibonakala ngezici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ezichaza ukusebenza kwayo.
Okokuqala, esinye sezici eziyinhloko ze-Commercial Capitalism inkululeko yezomnotho, lapho abantu ngabanye namabhizinisi bekhululekile ukuba ngabanikazi nokulawula izinsiza ezikhiqizayo futhi benze izinqumo zezomnotho ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa umbuso. Lokhu kuvumela amabhizinisi ukuthi aqhudelane, afune ukukhulisa inzuzo kanye nokwanelisa izimfuno zabathengi.
Esinye isici esibalulekile se-Commercial Capitalism ukwabiwa komnotho ngokungalingani. Kulolu hlelo, inzuzo ekhiqizwa amabhizinisi ngokuvamile iya kubanikazi bezindlela zokukhiqiza kanye nalabo abaphethe izimpahla zezezimali. Lokhu kungalingani kungaholela ekuhlukeni kwezomnotho nezenhlalakahle phakathi kwamaqembu ahlukene emphakathini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Commercial Capitalism isekelwe emthethweni wokuhlinzeka nokufunwa. Izintengo zezimpahla namasevisi zinqunywa ukusebenzisana phakathi kokuhlinzekwa komkhiqizi kanye nesidingo sabathengi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amanani angaguquguquka ngokuya ngamandla emakethe, angazuza noma alimaze ama-ejenti ahlukene wezomnotho.
Kafushane, i-Commercial Capitalism iwuhlelo lwezomnotho olubonakala ngempahla yangasese, ukuncintisana, inkululeko yezomnotho, kanye nokwabiwa kwengcebo ngokungalingani. Ngokusebenzelana kokuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo, amanani entengo ezimpahla namasevisi emakethe ayanqunywa. Lezi zici ezibalulekile zichaza ubunjalo kanye nokusebenza kwe-Commercial Capitalism.
3. Umlando kanye nokuvela kwe-Commercial Capitalism
I-capitalism yezohwebo wuhlelo lwezomnotho oluye lwabhekana nokuguquguquka okukhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. yomlandoUmsuka wayo uhlehlela emuva eNkathini Ephakathi, lapho kuvela izimakethe zokuqala nabathengisi abahwebelana ngezimpahla namasevisi. Nokho, kwakuphakathi neRenaissance and Industrial Revolution lapho lesi simiso safinyelela umvuthwandaba waso.
Ngesikhathi seRenaissance, ubunxiwankulu bezentengiselwano bagqugquzelwa ukutholakala kwemizila emisha yohwebo kanye nokwanda kwemibuso yamakoloni. Lesi sikhathi sabonakala ngokuvela kwezinkampani zokuqala zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokuhweba ngezinga elikhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusungulwa komshini wokunyathelisa kwenza ukuba ulwazi lusakazwe ngobuningi futhi kusize ukukhula komsebenzi wezomnotho.
Kamuva, lapho kufika iNguquko Yezimboni, ubunxiwankulu bezentengiselwano baba nezinguquko ezinkulu. Ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemishini kwezinqubo zokukhiqiza kuholele ekwenyukeni okukhulu kwamandla okukhiqiza kanye nokuvela kwezimboni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufakwa kwenjini yesitimu njengomthombo wamandla kwaguqula indlela ibhizinisi elaliqhutshwa ngayo.
Ngamafuphi, kuphawulwe ngokuthuthukiswa kwezimakethe ezintsha, intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, nezinguquko ezindleleni zokukhiqiza. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwayo eNkathini Ephakathi kuze kube namuhla, lolu hlelo lwezomnotho lube nezinguquko ezinkulu ezibe nomthelela ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwemiphakathi. Kubalulekile ukuqonda lezi zigaba kanye nezitayela ukuze uqonde ukuthi i-capitalism yezohwebo isebenza kanjani namuhla.
4. Imibono yezomnotho esemqoka ye-Commercial Capitalism
Kunemibono ehlukene yezomnotho ehlotshaniswa nohlelo lwe-Commercial Capitalism, ethuthukiswe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngosomnotho nezifundiswa ezahlukene. Lezi zinkolelo-mbono zifuna ukuchaza ukusebenza kanye nemigomo eyisisekelo yohlelo lonxiwankulu, kanye nemithelela yawo emnothweni kanye emphakathini ngenjwayelo. Ngezansi kukhona:
1. I-Invisible Hand Theory ka-Adam Smith:
Lo mbono, ohlongozwe isazi sezomnotho saseScotland u-Adam Smith encwadini yakhe ethi “The Wealth of Nations,” uphikisa ngokuthi, ohlelweni lokuncintisana ngokukhululekile, izinqumo zomuntu ngamunye zamanxusa ezomnotho zivame ukuzuzisa umphakathi uwonke. NgokukaSmith, abantu ngabanye, ngokuphishekela izithakazelo zabo, ngokungaqondile bafaka isandla enhlalakahleni evamile ngokusebenzisa indlela yokuhlinzeka nokufunwa. Lo mqondo wesandla esingabonakali ugqamisa ukubaluleka kokusungulwa komuntu ngamunye kanye nempahla yangasese njengezisusa zokukhula komnotho.
2. Ithiyori yokuncintisana okuphelele:
Lo mbono ugcizelela ukuthi emakethe ebonakala ngokuncintisana okuphelele, izintengo nokukhiqiza kunqunywa ngokuhlinzeka nokufunwa. Abenzeli bezomnotho bangabathengi bentengo, okusho ukuthi abanalo ikhono lokuthonya intengo yezimpahla namasevisi abawanikezayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibeka ukuthi ama-ejenti aqhudelane endaweni yokudlala, ngaphandle kwezithiyo zokungena noma ukuphuma. Le modeli yetiyori ifuna ukuchaza isimo esifanelekile lapho ukusebenza kahle kukhuliswa khona kanye nezindleko zomthengi zincishiswa.
3. Ithiyori yomjikelezo webhizinisi ka-JM Keynes:
UJohn Maynard Keynes uhlongoze enye ithiyori yezomnotho emcabangweni wakudala emsebenzini wakhe othi "Theory General of Employment, Interest, and Money." NgokukaKeynes, imijikelezo yebhizinisi ibangelwa isidingo esinganele sokuhlanganisa. Ukuze kuliwe nemijikelezo yokuwohloka komnotho, u-Keynes uncome ukungenelela kukahulumeni ngezinqubomgomo zezimali nezezimali, njengokunyuswa kwemali yomphakathi noma ukwehliswa kwentela. Le thiyori yahlukana nombono wokuthi izimakethe ziyazilawula futhi yagcizelela ukubaluleka kokungenelela kukahulumeni ekugcineni umnotho uzinzile.
5. Umthelela we-Commercial Capitalism emnothweni womhlaba
Ubungxiwankulu bezentengiselwano bube nomthelela omkhulu emnothweni womhlaba kusukela bavela ngekhulu le-18 nele-19. Lolu hlelo lwezomnotho, olusekelwe kubunikazi bangasese bezindlela zokukhiqiza kanye nokuphishekela inzuzo, seluguqule indlela ibhizinisi eliqhutshwa ngayo kanye nemali engenayo eyenziwa emhlabeni wonke.
Omunye wemiphumela emikhulu yonxiwankulu bezentengiselwano emnothweni womhlaba ukukhula nokwanda kohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Njengoba amazwe amukela izinqubomgomo zokuhwebelana ngenkululeko futhi ekhuthaza ukuvulwa kwezimakethe zawo, kudalwe amathuba okuba izinkampani zifinyelele amakhasimende amasha futhi zithole izinsiza ezahlukene kanye nempahla yokusetshenziswa. Lokhu kuholele ekwenyukeni komthamo wokuthengiselana futhi kube nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni komnotho wamazwe amaningi.
Omunye umthelela obalulekile wobunxiwankulu bezohwebo usekwakheni amathuba emisebenzi nokudala ingcebo. Izinkampani eziqhuba inzuzo sezisungule amafekthri, amahhovisi namagatsha emhlabeni jikelele, okuholele ekudaleni amathuba emisebenzi nokwenza ngcono izimo zomnotho emiphakathini eminingi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-capitalism yezohwebo ikhuthaze ukutshalwa kwezimali ocwaningweni, ekuthuthukisweni, nakutheknoloji, okuvumela ukusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nenqubekela phambili yezomnotho.
6. Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kwe-Commercial Capitalism
I-capitalism yezohwebo inezimbalwa izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi okufanele kubhekwe lapho kuhlaziywa ukwakheka kwezomnotho kanye nemiphumela yayo. Okokuqala, enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko ze-capitalism yezohwebo isikhuthazo sokusungula izinto ezintsha nokuncintisana. Ngenxa yokuthi izinkampani zisebenza emakethe evulekile nekhululekile, kunesisusa esiqhubekayo sokuthuthukisa imikhiqizo namasevisi, okuholela eqophelweni eliphezulu nokwehlukahlukana ezimakethe.
Okwesibili, i-capitalism yezohwebo yenza umuntu ngamunye akwazi ukwakha ingcebo kanye nokukhula komnotho. Ngohlelo olusekelwe empahleni yangasese kanye nethuba lokuqongelela imali, abantu ngabanye banethuba lokuqala nokwandisa amabhizinisi abo, bakhiqize imisebenzi futhi bakhulise ukuchuma okuphelele.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-capitalism yezohwebo nayo inezinkinga ezinkulu. Okunye kwakho ukungalingani kwezomnotho okungase kuvele ngenxa yokuqoqwa kwengcebo ngendlela engafanele. Njengoba amanye amabhizinisi nabantu ngabanye bechuma, abanye bangase babe mpofu nokungalingani kwezomnotho, okudale ukungezwani kwezenhlalo nezombangazwe.
7. Amacala okuphumelela nokwehluleka kwe-Commercial Capitalism
Emhlabeni Ngaphakathi konxiwankulu bezentengiselwano, kunezimo eziningi zempumelelo nokwehluleka ezisize ekulolongeni umnotho womhlaba. Lezi zimo zinikeza izifundo ezibalulekile mayelana namasu asebenzayo ebhizinisi namaphutha okufanele uwagweme. Ngezansi, zizokwethulwa. ezinye izibonelo amaphuzu avelele azo zombili izimo.
1. Izindaba zempumelelo:
– I-Apple Inc: Inkampani yezobuchwepheshe edume umhlaba wonke, i-Apple, ibe nempumelelo eyisimanga emakethe ngenxa yokugxila ekusungulweni nasekuklanyweni kwemikhiqizo. ikhwalithi ephezuluIsu layo lokumaketha eligxile kumakhasimende kanye nolwazi olukhethekile lomsebenzisi kwenze i-Apple yaba enye yemikhiqizo eyaziwayo nenenzuzo kakhulu emhlabeni.
– I-Amazon: Inkampani ye-e-commerce i-Amazon isiguqule indlela abantu abathenga ngayo ku-inthanethi. Ukugxila kwayo ekulethweni okushesha nokuthembekile, ukukhetha okubanzi komkhiqizo, kanye nolwazi lokuthenga komuntu siqu kuholele ekukhuleni okubonakalayo kanye nesikhundla sayo esiphezulu emakethe ye-e-commerce yomhlaba wonke.
2. Amacala okuhluleka:
– Enron: Icala lika-Enron lingenye yokwehluleka okuyizifanekiselo kakhulu emlandweni ye-capitalism yezohwebo. Inkampani yaseMelika yamandla yawa ngo-2001 ngenxa yezenzo zomgunyathi zokubala kanye nokuphathwa kwezimali ngokunganaki. Ihlazo lika-Enron liholele ekulahlekeni kwezinkulungwane zemisebenzi futhi kwanyakazisa nokuzethemba kwabatshalizimali ekubikweni kwezimali zebhizinisi.
– Lehman Brothers: Ukuqothuka kweLehman Brothers ngo-2008 kwaba yinguquko enkingeni yezimali emhlabeni jikelele. Inkampani endala yamasevisi ezezimali evela e-United States ifakwe isicelo sokuqothuka ngenxa yokutshalwa kwezimali okuyingozi kanye nokuchayeka ngokweqile emakethe ye-subprime mortgage. Ukuwa kwe-Lehman Brothers kube nomthelela omubi ezimakethe zezimali futhi kwadala ukwehla komnotho emhlabeni jikelele.
Lawa macala akhombisa ukubaluleka kokuphatha ngendlela, isu eliphusile, nokungafihli lutho emhlabeni wonxiwankulu bezentengiselwano. Impumelelo ikhombisa ukuthi izinkampani zingaphumelela kanjani ngokugxila ekusungulweni nasekuhlangabezaneni nezidingo zamakhasimende, kuyilapho ukwehluleka kugcizelela ubungozi bokungaphathi kahle kanye nokuntuleka kwezimiso zebhizinisi. [KUQEDA-UKUQEDA]
8. Iqhaza loMbuso ku-Commercial Capitalism
Kuhlelo Kubunxiwankulu bezentengiselwano, indima yombuso ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni isimo somnotho esizinzile kanye nokuthuthukisa inhlalakahle yezakhamuzi. Ukungenelela kombuso kwezomnotho kuhloswe ukulawula kanye nokwengamela imisebenzi yezentengiselwano, ukuvikela amalungelo empahla, ukukhuthaza ukuncintisana okunobulungiswa, kanye nokulungisa ukwehluleka kwezimakethe.
Omunye wemisebenzi esemqoka yoMbuso ukusungula nokuphoqelela imithetho neziqondiso ezidingekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe indawo yemakethe enobulungisa nelinganayo. Lokhu kubandakanya ukumisa imithetho yezabasebenzi, yohwebo, nokuvikela abathengi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMbuso futhi unomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinkontileka ziyasetshenziswa futhi zixazulule izingxabano phakathi kwabathintekayo.
Omunye umsebenzi obalulekile wombuso wukwakha nokugcina izikhungo zezezimali eziphusile, njengamabhange amakhulu, ukuze zilawule uhlelo lwezezimali kanye nokuqinisekisa ukusimama komnotho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbuso ungangenelela ngokuqondile emnothweni ngokusebenzisa izinqubomgomo zezimali nezezimali ezihloselwe ukukhuthaza ukukhula komnotho, ukulawula ukwehla kwamandla emali, kanye nokukhuthaza ukutshalwa kwezimali.
9. Ukuncintisana kanye nesakhiwo semakethe ku-capitalism yezohwebo
Ukuncintisana kanye nokwakheka kwezimakethe kuyimiqondo eyisisekelo ohlelweni lwezomnotho lwezimakethe lwe-Commercial Capitalism. Kulolu hlelo, ukuncintisana phakathi kwamafemu kungumfutho okhuthaza ukusebenza kahle komnotho kanye nokwenza ngcono okuqhubekayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isakhiwo semakethe sinquma ukuthi amafemu ahlelwa futhi asebenza kanjani emnothweni.
Ukuncintisana ku-Commercial Capitalism kubonakala ngokuncintisana phakathi kwamafemu akhiqiza izimpahla noma amasevisi afanayo. Lo mbango uzibonakalisa ezicini ezihlukahlukene, njengekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, amanani, ukukhangisa, kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha. Ukuncintisana kukhuthaza ukusebenza kahle kwebhizinisi ngokuphoqa izinkampani ukuthi zihlale zithuthukisa imikhiqizo yazo futhi zinikeze amanani ancintisanayo kubathengi.
Isakhiwo semakethe ku-Commercial Capitalism singasukela ku-monopoly, lapho inkampani eyodwa ilawula yonke imakethe, kuya emqhudelwaneni ophelele, lapho kukhona abathengi nabathengisi abaningi abangenalo ithonya lomuntu ngamunye emananini. Phakathi kwalezi zimo ezibucayi kukhona ama-oligopolies, lapho amafemu ambalwa ephethe imakethe, kanye nama-monopolies emvelo, lapho ifemu eyodwa ingasebenza ngempumelelo ekukhiqizeni ngenxa yezinga lomnotho. Ukwakheka kwezimakethe kuthinta ukuziphatha namasu ezinkampani, kanye nokusebenza kahle kanye nenhlalakahle kwezomnotho jikelele.
10. Ukusetshenziswa nokukhangisa ngonxiwankulu bezentengiselwano
Ukusetshenziswa nokukhangisa kudlala indima ebalulekile ohlelweni lwezomnotho lwe-capitalism yezohwebo. Kulolu hlelo, ukusetshenziswa kuyisisekelo somnotho, njengoba abantu ngabanye bekhuthazwa ukuba bathenge izimpahla nezinkonzo ukuze kugcinwe umjikelezo wokukhiqiza nokukhiqiza amathuba omsebenzi. Ukukhangisa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunomsebenzi wokukholisa nokukholisa abathengi ngezinzuzo zemikhiqizo ethile noma amasevisi, okuthonya izinqumo zabo zokuthenga.
Ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-, kubalulekile ukuhlaziya ukuthi le nqubo yenzeka kanjani. Okokuqala, izinkampani zitshala imali eningi ekukhangiseni nasekukhangiseni amasu okukhangisa imikhiqizo yazo. Basebenzisa iziteshi ezahlukene zokuxhumana, njengethelevishini, i-inthanethi, amanethiwekhi omphakathi namabhodi ezikhangiso, ukuze kufinyelelwe inhlobonhlobo yabathengi abangaba khona.
Ukukhangisa konxiwankulu bezentengiselwano kugxile ekuvuseni izifiso nezidingo kubathengi, kudala ukuxhumana okungokomzwelo nemikhiqizo noma amasevisi ahlinzekwayo. Ngamasu athonyayo, izinkampani zifuna ukudonsa ukunaka futhi zenze isithakazelo esisheshayo kubathengi, zibashukumisele ukuba bathenge. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lezi zikhangiso zenzelwe ukugqamisa izici ezikhanga kakhulu zemikhiqizo, ukufihla izici ezingaba ezimbi noma izithiyo.
11. Isibopho senhlalo yebhizinisi ku-capitalism yezohwebo
OkwamanjeI-Corporate social responsibility (CSR) isiphenduke isihloko esifaneleka kakhulu endaweni yonxiwankulu bezentengiselwano. I-CSR idinga izinkampani ukuthi zazi ngomthelela wazo kwezenhlalo, ezemvelo, kanye nezimiso zokuziphatha futhi zizibophezele ekwenzeni umnikelo omuhle emphakathini ezisebenza kuwo.
Enye yezindlela eziyinhloko izinkampani ezingabonisa ngazo umthwalo wemfanelo womphakathi wenkampani ukwamukela izinqubo ezizinzile. Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa umkhondo wabo wemvelo, njengokusebenzisa izinqubomgomo zokugaywa kabusha, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla namanzi, nokusebenzisa izinto ezivuselelekayo nezisetshenziswa. Ukwengeza, izinhlangano zingabamba iqhaza emisebenzini yomphakathi yokupha, njengokunikela kwezingenzi-nzuzo noma izinhlelo zokuzithandela.
Umthwalo wemfanelo webhizinisi kumphakathi nawo udinga ukuthi izinkampani zihloniphe amalungelo abantu futhi zithole izinqubo ezinobulungiswa zabasebenzi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nokuqinisekisa amaholo afanelekile nezimo zokusebenza eziphephile kubasebenzi babo, kanye nokukhuthaza ukwehlukahlukana namathuba alinganayo emsebenzini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkampani kufanele zihambisane nayo yonke imithetho neziqondiso ezisebenzayo, kazwelonke nezamazwe ngamazwe, futhi zenze izinto ngokuziphatha kukho konke ukusebenza kwazo.
12. I-International Trade and Commercial Capitalism
yizici ezimbili ezibalulekile zomnotho wanamuhla womhlaba. Uhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe lubhekisela ekuthengeni nasekudayiseni izimpahla nezinkonzo phakathi kwamazwe, kuyilapho i-Commercial Capitalism iwuhlelo lwezomnotho lapho abantu ngabanye namabhizinisi befuna ukuzizuzisa bona ngohwebo. Yomibili imiqondo ihlobene eduze futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni komnotho kanye nokuxhumana kwezizwe emhlabeni jikelele.
Uhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe luvumela amazwe ukuthi agxile ekukhiqizeni izimpahla nezinsizakalo lapho anezinzuzo eziqhathaniswayo, ngaleyo ndlela andise ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuphila kahle. Lokhu kufezwa ngokungeniswa nokuthekelisa kwezimpahla namasevisi, okukhuthaza ukuncintisana kanye nokufinyelela emikhiqizweni eyahlukene. Uhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe luphinde lukhuthaze ukukhula komnotho ngokudala amathuba omsebenzi kanye nokugqugquzela ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe, okunomthelela ekuthuthukisweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezimo zokuphila.
I-Commercial Capitalism, ngakolunye uhlangothi, isekelwe ebunikazini bangasese bezindlela zokukhiqiza kanye nokuphishekela inzuzo yezomnotho ngokuhwebelana. Lolu hlelo lwezomnotho lukhuthaza ukuncintisana kwamahhala kanye nokuhwebelana kwamahhala kwezimpahla namasevisi, okugqugquzela ukusebenza kahle nokusungula izinto ezintsha. I-Commercial Capitalism ibonakala ngokuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo emakethe, lapho amanani enqunywa ibhalansi phakathi kokuhlinzeka nokufunwa. Lolu hlobo lwenhlangano yezomnotho lubonakale lusebenza kahle ekwabeni izinsiza nasekukhiqizeni ingcebo, nakuba luphinde lwagxekwa ngemiphumela yalo emibi engaba khona mayelana nokungalingani kanye nokugxila kwamandla ezomnotho.
13. Ikusasa le-capitalism yezohwebo emhlabeni jikelele
Emhlabeni wanamuhla womhlaba wonke, ikusasa le-capitalism yezohwebo lihlanganisa uchungechunge lwezinselelo namathuba. Okokuqala nokubaluleke kakhulu, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukubaluleka kokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezintsha zemakethe yomhlaba, lapho ukuncintisana kuya ngokuya kushuba. Ukuze kuzuzwe lokhu, izinkampani kufanele zizimisele ngokuhlala ziqamba izinto ezintsha futhi zizisungulele kabusha, zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha kanye nezitayela ukuze zihlale zibalulekile endaweni eshintsha ngokushesha.
Esinye sezihluthulelo zokuqinisekisa ukuphumelela konxiwankulu bezentengiselwano esikhathini esizayo wukwakhiwa nokuphatha ngendlela efanele imifelandawonye yamasu omhlaba. Ukusungula ukusebenzisana nezinye izinkampani, ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwemingcele yethu, kunganikeza ukufinyelela ezimakethe ezintsha, ulwazi olukhethekile, nezinsiza ezihambisanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zivumelwano zikhuthaza ukudalwa kwama-synergies kanye nokwanda kwezinsiza ezitholakalayo, okubalulekile ukuze kugcinwe inzuzo yokuncintisana emhlabeni ohlangene kakhulu futhi oxhumene kakhulu.
Esinye isici esibalulekile esikhathini esizayo sobunxiwankulu bezentengiselwano kuwumthwalo wemfanelo womphakathi wenkampani. Izinkampani kumele ziqaphele umthelela wazo emphakathini kanye naku indawo ezungezilekanye nokwamukela izinqubo ezisimeme ezikhuthaza intuthuko elinganayo nesimeme. Lokhu akubandakanyi nje kuphela ukuthobela imithetho nezindinganiso, kodwa futhi nokuqhubekela phambili nokubamba iqhaza ngenkuthalo ekuxazululeni izinselele zomhlaba, njengobumpofu, ukungalingani, nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Izinkampani ezihlanganisa ngempumelelo isibopho somphakathi kumodeli yazo yebhizinisi zizoba sesimweni esingcono sokubhekana nezinselele zesikhathi esizayo futhi zithole ukwethenjwa ngabathengi nomphakathi uwonke.
14. Iziphetho nge-Commercial Capitalism
Ngamafuphi, i-capitalism yezohwebo iwuhlelo lwezomnotho olusekelwe kubunikazi bangasese bezindlela zokukhiqiza kanye nokuncintisana kwamahhala phakathi kwama-ejenti ezomnotho. Kuso sonke lesi sihloko, sihlaziye izici eziyinhloko nezici zalolu hlelo, kanye nomthelela nemiphumela yalo emphakathini.
Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko ze-capitalism yezohwebo ukusebenza kahle komnotho, njengoba ikhuthaza ukwabiwa kwezinsiza ngendlela efanele futhi ikhuthaza ukusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi kungadala ukungalingani kwezenhlalo, ukugxila kwamandla ezomnotho, kanye nezinkinga zemvelo.
Naphezu kokulinganiselwa kwabo, ubunxiwankulu bezentengiselwano busewuhlelo lwezomnotho oluhamba phambili emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele. Lokhu kudalwa kakhulu yikhono layo lokukhulisa umnotho nokwenza ngcono izinga lokuphila kwabantu. Kodwa-ke, izinqubomgomo nemithethonqubo efanele kufanele isetshenziswe ukuze kuncishiswe imiphumela yayo emibi futhi kuqinisekiswe ukusatshalaliswa okufanele kwezinzuzo zezomnotho.
Kafushane, i-Commercial Capitalism ime njengenye yezinsika eziyisisekelo zomnotho wesimanje womhlaba. Ukwakheka kwayo kwenhlangano kanye nokuphishekela inzuzo njalo kuholela ekwakhiweni kwenethiwekhi yezimpahla namasevisi eqhuba ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa komnotho. Ngokuncintisana kwamahhala nokuvulelekayo, abadlali be-Commercial Capitalism bafuna ukukhulisa umkhiqizo wabo nokusebenza kahle, ngaleyo ndlela badale indawo ekahle yokuqamba izinto ezintsha nokudala ingcebo.
Nakuba ubunxiwankulu bezohwebo buye bagxekwa ngokungalingani kwabo okungenzeka futhi bugxile enzuzweni, bubuye bafakazela ukuthi buwumgqugquzeli wenqubekelaphambili nentuthuko. Kungenxa yogqozi olunikezwa yilesi simiso sezomnotho ukuthi sibone intuthuko enkulu kwezobuchwepheshe, ukuthuthuka kwezinga lempilo yabantu, nezinga elingakaze libonwe lokukhethekile kanye nokuhlukahluka.
I-Commercial Capitalism, ngokuhlinzeka ngohlaka oluqinile lokusebenzelana kwamahhala kwababambe iqhaza kwezomnotho, ibe negalelo ekuqiniseni umnotho wezwe kanye nokukhula kohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi le modeli idinga ukulawulwa okwanele ukuvimbela ukuhlukumeza nokuqinisekisa ukulingana okukhulu phakathi kwabalingisi abahlukahlukene abahilelekile.
Ekugcineni, i-Commercial Capitalism ibonakale iwuhlelo lwezomnotho oluguqukayo nolushintshayo, olukwazi ukukhiqiza ukukhula nentuthuko emhlabeni wonke. Impumelelo yayo ilele ekhonweni layo lokugqugquzela ukuncintisana kanye nokusebenzelana kwamahhala phakathi kwama-ejenti ezomnotho, okubuye aqhubekisele phambili ukuqamba izinto ezintsha nokusebenza kahle. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuthola ukulingana okwandisa izinzuzo ze-Commercial Capitalism ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa umbono wezomphakathi kanye nezimiso zokuziphatha nazo eziyisisekelo ekuqhubekeleni phambili komuntu.
Ngingu-Sebastián Vidal, unjiniyela wekhompyutha ozifelayo ngobuchwepheshe kanye ne-DIY. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngingumdali we tecnobits.com, lapho ngabelana khona ngezifundo zokwenza ubuchwepheshe bufinyeleleke kakhudlwana futhi buqonde wonke umuntu.