El iseva Iyingxenye ebalulekile kunoma iyiphi inethiwekhi yekhompyutha, njengoba inesibopho sokuphatha nokuhlinzeka ngezinsiza kumadivayisi axhunyiwe. Ukuze uqonde indima yayo, kubalulekile ukuhlaziya izici zeseva kumaleveli ayo amabili: hardware nesofthiwe. Ezingeni lehadiwe, iseva ihlukaniswa ngamandla ayo okucubungula, umthamo wokulondoloza, nezinketho zokuxhuma. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezingeni lesofthiwe, igqamisa amandla ayo okuphatha idatha, izinhlelo zokusebenza nabasebenzisi, kanye nokuthembeka nokuphepha kwayo Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ngokuningiliziwe izici ezibalulekile ezichaza iseva at womabili amaleveli, ngenjongo yokuqonda ukubaluleka kwayo ekusebenzeni kwenethiwekhi.
- Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo ➡️ Izici ze-a server kumazinga ayo amabili
- Izici zeseva kumaleveli ayo amabili
1. Iseva ingahlukaniswa ngamaleveli amabili ahlukene: iseva yehadiwe kanye neseva yesofthiwe.
2. Iseva yehadiwe isho okokusebenza okuphathekayo okunesibopho sokugcina, ukucubungula nokuphatha idatha namasevisi kunethiwekhi. Lolu hlobo lweseva lunezingxenye ezithile, ezifana namadrayivu aqinile, i-RAM, namaphrosesa anamandla.
3 Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iseva yesoftware Iwuhlelo olunomthwalo wemfanelo wokuphatha nokunikeza izinsizakalo kumakhasimende axhumeka kunethiwekhi. Le seva isebenzisa izinhlelo ezikhethekile ukwenza imisebenzi efana nokubamba ikhasi lewebhu, i-imeyili, ukuphathwa kwesizindalwazi, phakathi kwabanye.
4. Phakathi kwezici zeseva yehadiwe, amandla ayo okugcina nokucubungula, kanye nokuthembeka nokutholakala kwayo, kuyagqama. Lawa maseva ngokuvamile aklanyelwe ukusebenza ngokungaphazanyiswa, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amasevisi atholakala njalo kubasebenzisi.
5. Ngokwengxenye yayo, iseva yesofthiwe ihlukaniswa ngamandla ayo okuphatha ukuxhumana okuningi ngesikhathi esisodwa, ukuphepha kwayo kanye nokuphathwa kwayo kalula. Lolu hlobo lweseva kufanele lukwazi ukuphendula izicelo zeklayenti ngendlela efanele futhi ngokuphephile, luqinisekise ubumfihlo nobuqotho bolwazi.
6. Kafushane, iseva emazingeni ayo amabili kufanele ihlanganise ukuqina namandla okucubungula eseva yehadiwe, ngokusebenza kahle nokuvikeleka kweseva yesoftware, ukuze inikeze izinsizakalo ezithembekile nezisezingeni kubasebenzisi.
Q&A
Ayini amaleveli amaseva amabili nezici zawo?
- Ileveli yezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha: Leli zinga libhekisela kungqalasizinda ebonakalayo yeseva, okokusebenza kwayo nezingxenye.
- Izinga lesofthiwe: Leli zinga lihlanganisa isistimu yokusebenza, izinhlelo zokusebenza nezinhlelo ezisebenza kuseva.
Iziphi izicieziveleleizinga lezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha zeseva elinazo?
- Ukusatshalaliswa kwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha: Amaseva angakhelwa ukusebenza okuphezulu, isitoreji esiningi, i-virtualization, phakathi kokunye.
- Imininingwane yobuchwepheshe: Amaphrosesa anamandla, i-RAM enkulu, nesitoreji somthamo omkhulu yizici ezivamile ezingeni lezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha zeseva.
Yiziphi izici ezibaluleke kakhulu zeleveli yesoftware yeseva?
- Isistimu yokusebenza eqinile: Amaseva ngokuvamile asebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza eziklanyelwe ngokukhethekile izindawo zeseva, njenge-Windows Server, Linux, noma i-Unix.
- Isoftware yokuphatha nezokuphepha: Amaseva anamathuluzi okuphatha nawokuvikela ukuze aqinisekise ukusebenza kwawo nokuvikela imininingwane egciniwe.
Yimiphi imisebenzi eyenziwa ileveli yehadiwe yeseva?
- Ukucutshungulwa kwedatha: Ileveli yehadiwe inesibopho sokwenza izibalo nokusebenza kahle.
- Isitoreji sedatha: Amaseva agcina inani elikhulu lolwazi ngendlela evikelekile nefinyelelekayo.
Yini ukubaluleka kwezinga lesofthiwe in iseva?
- Ukulawula nokuphatha: Izinga lesofthiwe likuvumela ukuthi ulungise, ulawule futhi uphathe ukusebenza kweseva ukude noma endaweni.
- Ukuvikela nokuvikeleka: Isofthiwe yeseva iqinisekisa ukuvikeleka kolwazi nokuvikelwa ezinsongweni ze-inthanethi.
Izingxenye zeleveli yezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha zinethonya kanjani ekusebenzeni kweseva?
- Ukusebenza okuphezulu: Ihadiwe enamandla futhi elungiselelwe kahle inganikeza ukusebenza okungcono ngokwejubane namandla okucubungula.
- Ukwehluka: Ingqalasizinda yezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha yeseva ithinta ikhono layo lokukhula nokujwayela izidingo ezintsha.
Yiziphi izinzuzo ezinikezwa ileveli yesofthiwe yeseva?
- Ukuvumelana nezimo nokuvumelana: Isofthiwe yeseva ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise izinhlelo zokusebenza nezinhlelo ezahlukene, futhi uhlanganise nezinye izinhlelo.
- Umsebenzi ozenzakalelayo: Izinga lesofthiwe lisiza ukuzenzekelayo kwezinqubo nemisebenzi, okwandisa ukusebenza kahle.
Yimuphi umehluko phakathi kweseva ebonakalayo kanye neseva ebonakalayo?
- Ingqalasizinda: Iseva ebonakalayo ingumshini wangempela, kuyilapho iseva ebonakalayo isebenza ngaphakathi kwendawo eyenziwe ngokubonakalayo.
- Ukusebenza kahle nokuvumelana nezimo: Amaseva abonakalayo avumela ukusetshenziswa okungcono kwezinsiza futhi avumelana nezimo ngokuya ngokulinganisa nokuphatha.
Yiziphi izinto zokuvikeleka ezibalulekile kuseva?
- Ama-firewall nama-antivirus: Sebenzisa izinyathelo zokuvikela ezingeni le-software ukuze uvimbele ukuhlaselwa ku-inthanethi.
- Iziqephu nezibuyekezo: Gcina isofthiwe yeseva ibuyekeziwe ukuze ulungise ubungozi obaziwayo.
Kungani kubalulekile ukukhetha iseva efanele yenkampani noma iphrojekthi?
- Ukusebenza nokuthembeka: Iseva eyanele iqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo zokusebenza nezinsizakalo zenkampani.
- Ukuvikela nokuvikeleka: Ukukhetha okufanele kweseva kunomthelela ekuvikelweni kolwazi kanye nokuvinjelwa kwezinkinga zokuphepha.
Ngingu-Sebastián Vidal, unjiniyela wekhompyutha ozifelayo ngobuchwepheshe kanye ne-DIY. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngingumdali we tecnobits.com, lapho ngabelana khona ngezifundo zokwenza ubuchwepheshe bufinyeleleke kakhudlwana futhi buqonde wonke umuntu.