Ukuvula amafayela angaziwa kungaba umsebenzi oyinselele kulabo abangazazi izici zobuchwepheshe zekhompyutha. Ezweni lanamuhla ledijithali, lapho inani lamafomethi wefayela nezandiso lingenamkhawulo, kubalulekile ukuba nolwazi olufanele namathuluzi okufinyelela ulwazi oluqukethwe kulawa mafayela. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola amasu nezindlela ezahlukene ongazisebenzisa ukuze uvule amafayela angaziwa. ngokuphephile futhi isebenza kahle.
1. Ukuhlonzwa kwamafayela angaziwa: Indlela namathuluzi
Ukuhlonza amafayela angaziwa kuyinqubo ebalulekile ekulawuleni ulwazi lwedijithali. Kuvamile ukuthola amafayela ifomethi yawo noma isandiso esingabonwa ngokuzenzakalelayo yi- izinhlelo zokusebenza noma izinhlelo ezijwayelekile. Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga, kunezindlela ezikhethekile namathuluzi akwenza kube lula ukuhlonza nokuhlukanisa lawa mafayela.
Enye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuhlonza amafayela angaziwa ukuhlaziya ukwakheka kwawo nokuqukethwe kusetshenziswa amathuluzi e-digital forensics. Lawa mathuluzi akuvumela ukuthi uhlole ukwakheka kwangaphakathi kwamafayela ngokuningiliziwe, uhlonze amaphethini nezici ezingasiza ukunquma ifomethi nomsebenzi wawo. Ukwengeza, kunezizindalwazi eziku-inthanethi eziqukethe ulwazi mayelana namafomethi wefayela ahlukene, okungaba usizo kakhulu ekuhlonzeni amafayela angaziwa.
Esimeni samafayela esithombe angaziwa, isibonelo, ithuluzi elifana ne-ExifTool lingasetshenziswa ukukhipha imethadatha nezici zobuchwepheshe zefayela, njengohlobo lokuminyanisa, ukulungiswa, ukujula kombala, phakathi kokunye. Ngokunjalo, kukhona amathuluzi akhethekile okuhlonza amafayela alalelwayo namavidiyo, afana ne-MediaInfo, ehlinzeka ngolwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana ne-codec, ubude besikhathi, i-bitrate, phakathi kwezinye izici zobuchwepheshe. Kuyafaneleka futhi ukucinga kuwebhu isofthiwe ethile ethile yokuhlaziya nokubonwa kwamafomethi efayela angaziwa, njengoba kunezinketho eziningi ezitholakalayo.
2. Izinhlobo zamafayela angaziwa nezici zawo
Umhlaba wamafayela angaziwa ungadida futhi ukhungathekise. Kwesinye isikhathi, sihlangana namafayela anezandiso eziyinqaba esingakwazi ukuwavula, ukuwahlela noma ukuwaqonda. Kulesi sigaba, sizohlola ezihlukahlukene, ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi zingasingathwa kanjani.
1. Amafayela E-BIN: Amafayela anesandiso esithi .BIN anambambili, okusho ukuthi, aqukethe ulwazi ngefomethi kanambambili engahunyushwa futhi isetshenziswe umshini. Lawa mafayela ngokuvamile ahlotshaniswa nezinhlelo ezisebenzisekayo ezinhlelweni ezisebenzayo njengeWindows. Ukuze usebenze ngamafayela e-BIN, ungasebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile anjengesiqaqa noma i-debugger ukuze uhlaziye okuqukethwe kwawo noma uzame ukuguqulela kufomethi efundeka kakhudlwana.
2. Amafayela e-TMP: Amafayela anesandiso se-.TMP aziwa njengamafayela esikhashana. Lawa mafayela adalwa ngokuzenzakalelayo izinhlelo ezahlukene noma amasistimu okusebenza ukuze agcine idatha yesikhashana ngesikhathi umsebenzi wenziwa. Lawa mafayela ngokuvamile awadingeki ngemva kokuba umsebenzi usuqediwe futhi angasuswa ngokuphephile. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela lapho ususa amafayela e-TMP, njengoba ezinye izinhlelo zingawadinga ukuze asebenze kahle. Kutuswa ukusebenzisa amathuluzi okuhlanza idiski noma ukuhlanza isikhala ukuze ulawule ngokuphepha futhi ususe lawa mafayela esikhashana.
3. Amafayela e-DAT: Amafayela anesandiso se-.DAT amafayela edatha ejwayelekile angaqukatha ulwazi ku-. amafomethi ahlukene. Lawa mafayela angasetshenziswa izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Ngokuvamile, amafayela e-DAT awaklanyelwe ukuvulwa noma ukuhlelwa ngokuqondile ngabasebenzisi bokugcina, njengoba ukwakheka kwawo kwangaphakathi kungaba yinkimbinkimbi futhi kucace ohlelweni oluwadalayo. Uma udinga ukusebenza ngefayela le-DAT, kuyatuseka ukuthi ubheke imibhalo yohlelo oluhlobene ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nendlela yokuvula noma ukukhohlisa lawa mafayela.
Ngamafuphi, amafayela angaziwa angaletha inselele yokusingatha. Kodwa-ke, ngolwazi olufanele kanye namathuluzi afanelekile, kungenzeka ukubhekana nalawa mafayela futhi uqonde izici zawo. Khumbula njalo ukuqapha lapho usebenza ngamafayela angaziwa futhi wenza izipele kwamafayela abalulekile ngaphambi kwanoma yikuphi ukukhohlisa.
3. Indlela yokuhlaziya ukwakheka kwamafayela angaziwa
Ukuhlaziya ukwakheka kwamafayela angaziwa kungase kubonakale kuyinselele, kodwa ngendlela efanele namathuluzi afanele, kungaxazululwa ngokushesha. Nazi izinyathelo ezintathu ezibalulekile zokukusiza uqonde ukwakheka kwanoma yiliphi ifayela elingaziwa:
- Uphenyo lokuqala: Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukuhlaziya ifayela elingaziwa, yenza ucwaningo lokuqala ukuze uthole umbono ojwayelekile wokuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwefayela obhekene nalo. Hlola isandiso sefayela bese usesha ku-inthanethi ngolwazi olumayelana namafomethi wefayela avamile asebenzisa leso sandiso. Lokhu kuzokunikeza isisekelo solwazi sokuqala esizokusiza ezinyathelweni ezilandelayo.
- Sebenzisa amathuluzi okuhlaziya: Kunamathuluzi amaningana okuhlaziya atholakalayo angakusiza uhlole isakhiwo kusuka kufayela isihambi. Amanye amathuluzi aziwa kakhulu afaka abahleli be-hex, izibukeli zefayela, nabahlaziyi besakhiwo. Lawa mathuluzi akuvumela ukuthi uhlole ifayela ngokuningiliziwe, ubonise elikuqukethe ngamafomethi ahlukene, futhi ubheke amaphethini noma amasiginesha esakhiweni sefayela.
- Qhathanisa nezibonelo ezaziwayo: Uma usuthole ulwazi oluyisisekelo mayelana nefayela futhi usebenzise amathuluzi okuhlaziya, qhathanisa ukwakheka kwefayela elingaziwa nezibonelo ezaziwayo zamafayela afanayo. Uma ukwazi ukufinyelela kumafayela ayisampula anesandiso esifanayo noma esifanayo, qhathanisa izakhiwo ukuze ubone ukufana nokuhluka. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi uthole ukwakheka okujwayelekile kanye namafomethi okungenzeka asetshenziswe efayeleni elingaziwa.
Ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo ezintathu, uzokwazi ukuhlaziya ukwakheka kwamafayela angaziwa ngempumelelo. Khumbula ukuthi ukuzijwayeza nokujwayelana namafomethi wefayela ahlukene kuzosiza kule nqubo. Ungesabi ukuzama futhi ufunde!
4. Amathuluzi athuthukile okukhishwa kwedatha kumafayela angaziwa
Kukhona abangakwazi ukusiza lo msebenzi. Ngezansi ezinye zezinketho ezidume kakhulu nezisebenzayo:
- Ithuluzi A: Leli thuluzi linemisebenzi eminingi evumela ukuthi ukhiphe idatha kumafayela angaziwa ngokushesha nangokunembile. I-interface yayo enembile yenza kube lula ukuyisebenzisa, futhi inezifundo eziku-inthanethi zokuqondisa abasebenzisi esinyathelweni ngasinye senqubo yokukhipha.
- Ithuluzi B: Ngaleli thuluzi, abasebenzisi bangahlaziya amafayela angaziwa futhi bakhiphe idatha edingekayo besebenzisa ama-algorithms okubonwa kwephethini athuthukile. Ithuluzi linikeza izinketho zokwenza ngendlela oyifisayo ukuze kuhlaliswe izinhlobo ezahlukene zamafayela, okwandisa ukunemba kwemiphumela.
Ngokungeziwe kulawa mathuluzi, kubalulekile ukukhumbula amathiphu athile nemikhuba emihle lapho ukhipha idatha kumafayela angaziwa:
- Isifundo Igxathu emvakwe gxathu: Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma yiliphi ithuluzi, kungakuhle ukuthi ufunde ngokucophelela izifundo neziqondiso ezitholakalayo. Le mibhalo inikeza imiyalelo enemininingwane yokuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani amathuluzi, okuwusizo ikakhulukazi uma ungenalo ulwazi lwangaphambili lokumba idatha.
- Hlola futhi ulungise: Lapho uhlaziya ifayela elingaziwa, kuyatuseka ukwenza izivivinyo zangaphambili usebenzisa ukulungiselelwa okuhlukile nezinketho zokukhipha. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi wenze ngcono imiphumela futhi uthole ukukhishwa okunembe kakhudlwana kwedatha.
5. Izinselele ezinkulu lapho uvula amafayela angaziwa
Uma ubhekene namafayela angaziwa, kuvamile ukubhekana nezinselele ezithile ezingenza kube nzima ukuwavula nokuwabuka ngendlela efanele. Ngezansi ezinye zezinselelo ezinkulu eziphakamayo lapho kuvulwa lezi zinhlobo zamafayela:
1. Ukungahambisani kwefomethi: Enye yezinselelo ezivame kakhulu lapho uvula amafayela angaziwa ukungahambisani kwefomethi. Kwesinye isikhathi ifomethi ifayela eligcinwe ngayo kungenzeka ingaziwa isoftware noma uhlelo lokusebenza kudivayisi yakho. Lokhu kungase kubangele ukuthi ifayela lingakwazi ukuvuleka noma okuqukethwe kwalo kuboniswe ngendlela engalungile. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa amathuluzi okuguqula ifayela noma ubheke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile ezingasekela ifomethi okukhulunywa ngayo.
2. Ingozi yokuphepha: Uma uvula amafayela angaziwa, kunengozi yokuthi aqukethe uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha noma amagciwane angalimaza idivayisi yakho noma enze ukuphepha kwayo engozini. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela lapho uvula amafayela emithonjeni engathembekile. Kunconywa ukuskena amafayela ngesofthiwe ebuyekeziwe ye-antivirus ngaphambi kokuwavula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyatuseka ukuthi uhlale unohlelo lokuvikela olufakiwe ukuze kuvinjelwe noma yiziphi izinsongo ezingaba khona.
3. Ukuntuleka kwesofthiwe efanelekile: Ngezinye izikhathi, lapho uvula ifayela elingaziwa, kungase kwenzeke ukuthi awunayo isofthiwe edingekayo ukuze uyivule ngendlela efanele. Kulezi zimo, kungase kusize ukuphenya nokukhomba uhlobo lwefayela ukuze unqume ukuthi yiluphi uhlelo noma ithuluzi elihambisana nokulibuka. Kunezinsiza eziku-inthanethi ezifana nezinkundla nemiphakathi lapho abanye abasebenzisi Banganikeza izixazululo nezincomo zokuvula amafayela angaziwa.
6. Izisekelo zobunjiniyela bokuhlehla ukuze uvule amafayela aluhlaza
I-Reverse engineering iyindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu yokuhlaziya nokubola amafayela aluhlaza abe izingxenye zawo ngazinye. Lolu hlelo lokusebenza luwusizo ikakhulukazi uma udinga ukufinyelela ulwazi oluqukethwe kufayela eliyisicaba kodwa ungenalo uhlelo lokusebenza noma ulwazi lokulivula. Ngenhlanhla, kukhona amathuluzi amaningana nezindlela ezitholakalayo ezikuvumela ukuthi wenze le nqubo ngempumelelo nangempumelelo.
Ukuze uvule ifayela elingahluziwe usebenzisa ubunjiniyela obuhlanekezelwe, isinyathelo sokuqala ukujwayelana nefomethi yefayela futhi unqume ukwakheka kwalo kwangaphakathi. Lokhu kungafinyelelwa kusetshenziswa amathuluzi afana nomhleli we-hex, obonisa okuqukethwe kwefayela ngefomethi ye-hexadecimal futhi ikuvumela ukuthi uhlole idatha ngokuningiliziwe. Uma isakhiwo sefayela sesiqondwa, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuhlonza amaphethini namasignali ahlukile avumela izingxenye ezihlukene zefayela ukuthi zibonwe.
Uma izingxenye zefayela sezihlonziwe, amasu namathuluzi ahlukahlukene angasetshenziswa ukuze kukhishwe futhi kusetshenziswe ulwazi oluqukethwe kuzo. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukusebenzisa izinhlelo ezithile zokukhipha idatha, ukubhala imibhalo yangokwezifiso, noma ukuthuthukisa amathuluzi akho. Ukwengeza, kunezinsiza eziningi ze-inthanethi, ezifana nezifundo nezibonelo zekhodi, ezingaba usizo olukhulu kulabo abasha ukuze bahlehlise amafayela ayisicaba wobunjiniyela. Kafushane, ubunjiniyela obuhlehlayo buyindlela ebalulekile yokuvula amafayela angahluziwe futhi ufinyelele okuqukethwe kwawo, futhi ngamathuluzi afanele nezinsiza, noma ubani angathola izinto eziyisisekelo ezidingekayo ukuze enze lo msebenzi ngempumelelo.
7. Ungalihlonza kanjani ifomethi yefayela elingaziwa
Uma uhlangabezana nefayela ongaziwa, kungase kukhungathekise ukungazi ukuthi ulivula kanjani noma yiluphi uhlelo okudingeka ukwenze lokho. Nokho, kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokuhlonza ifomethi yefayela elingaziwa futhi unqume ukuthi yiluphi uhlelo ongalusebenzisa ukuze ulivule. Ngezansi izindlela ezintathu ezingakusiza ukuxazulula le nkinga:
1. Isandiso sefayela: Isandiso sefayela siyingxenye engemuva kwesikhathi sokugcina egameni lefayela. Isibonelo, kufayela elithi “document.txt”, isandiso sithi “.txt”. Izikhathi eziningi, isandiso sefayela sibonisa ifomethi kanye nohlelo oluhlotshaniswa nayo. Isibonelo, amafayela anesandiso esithi ".docx" avame ukuvulwa nge I-Microsoft Word.
2. Izinhlelo ezidumile: Kunezinhlelo eziningi zesofthiwe ezidumile ezisetshenziselwa ukuvula izinhlobo ezithile zamafayela. Uma ulwazi uhlobo olujwayelekile lwefayela onalo, ungasesha uhlelo oludumile oluhlotshaniswa naleyo fomethi. Isibonelo, uma unefayela lesithombe, ungalivula ngesofthiwe yokuhlela isithombe njenge I-Adobe Photoshop noma i-GIMP.
3. Amathuluzi aku-inthanethi: Ku-inthanethi, kunezinhlobonhlobo zamathuluzi aku-inthanethi amahhala angakusiza ukukhomba ifomethi yefayela elingaziwa. Vele ulayishe kalula ifayela ethuluzini futhi lizokukhombisa imininingwane enemininingwane mayelana nefomethi nezinhlelo ezihambisanayo. Amanye alawa mathuluzi akuvumela ukuthi uguqule ifayela libe yifomethi evamile uma kunesidingo.
8. Amasu okuvula amafayela angaziwa ezindaweni eziphephile
Ukuvula amafayela angaziwa ezindaweni eziphephile, kubalulekile ukulandela amasu nezinqubo ezithile ukuze ugweme izingozi ezingaba khona zokuphepha. Kulesi sihloko, sizokwethula izincomo ezibalulekile okufanele sizikhumbule lapho ubhekene namafayela angaziwa.
Sebenzisa isofthiwe ye-antivirus yakamuva: Ngaphambi kokuzama ukuvula noma yimaphi amafayela angaziwa, qiniseka ukuthi ubuyekeze isofthiwe yokulwa namagciwane efakwe kudivayisi yakho. Lokhu kuzokunikeza isendlalelo esengeziwe sokuvikela ngokuskena ifayela ukuze uthole izinsongo ezingase zibe khona ngohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha noma ngegciwane.
Phenya uhlobo lwefayela: Ngaphambi kokuvula ifayela elingaziwa, phenya uhlobo lwefayela bese unquma ukuthi liyifomethi ephephile noma engaba yingozi. Izandiso zefayela ezivamile, njenge-.docx noma i-.pdf, ngokuvamile ziphephile, kuyilapho izandiso ezingaziwa kancane zingase zibe ingozi enkulu. Bheka imibhalo yesofthiwe esetshenziselwa ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nefayela okukhulunywa ngalo.
Sebenzisa amathuluzi okuhlaziya ukuphepha: Kunamathuluzi ahlukahlukene aku-inthanethi akuvumela ukuthi uskene amafayela ukuze uthole izinsongo ezingaba khona. Lawa mathuluzi azoskena ifayela ukuze athole uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha, amagciwane, noma ezinye izinhlobo zesofthiwe eyingozi ngaphambi kokuyivula. Amanye alawa mathuluzi amahhala futhi kulula ukuwasebenzisa, okukuvumela ukuthi uthole ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kokuphepha kwefayela.
9. I-Digital Forensics: Izinqubo Zokuvula Amafayela Angaziwa
Lapho wenza ama-forensics edijithali, kungase kudingeke uvule amafayela angaziwa ukuze ufinyelele okuqukethwe kwawo futhi uthole ulwazi oluhlobene nophenyo. Ngenhlanhla, kunezinqubo ezithile namathuluzi angasiza kule nqubo. Ngezansi kunezinyathelo ezithile okufanele uzilandele ukuze uvule amafayela angaziwa ngokuphephile nangempumelelo kuma-forensics edijithali.
1. Thola uhlobo lwefayela: Into yokuqala okufanele yenziwe ukunquma uhlobo lwefayela olungaziwa. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokuhlola isandiso sefayela noma ngokusebenzisa ithuluzi lokuhlaziya ifayela elingakwazi ukuhlonza ifomethi. Uma uhlobo lwefayela seluhlonziwe, ungaqhubeka nokuthola ithuluzi elifanele lokulivula.
2. Sebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile: Kunamathuluzi amaningi e-digital forensic atholakalayo akuvumela ukuthi uvule inhlobonhlobo yamafayela angaziwa. Lawa mathuluzi aklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukuhlaziywa kwe-forensic futhi avuselelwa njalo ukuze avumelane namafomethi amasha wefayela. Amanye amathuluzi asetshenziswa kakhulu afaka i-Autopsy, EnCase, ne-FTK Imager. Kubalulekile ukukhetha ithuluzi elifaneleka kakhulu lohlobo lwefayela olungaziwa futhi uqiniseke ukuthi usebenzisa inguqulo yakamuva.
10. Ukuhlola okuqukethwe kwamafayela angaziwa ngamathuluzi okuhlaziya amile
Omunye wemisebenzi evamile emkhakheni wokuphepha kwekhompyutha ukuhlola okuqukethwe kwamafayela angaziwa ngamathuluzi okuhlaziya amile. Le nqubo isivumela ukuthi sihlonze izinsongo ezingaba khona noma ubungozi kumafayela asolisayo ngaphandle kokuthi siwasebenzise.
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukukhetha ithuluzi lokuhlaziya elimile. Ezinye izinketho ezidumile zifaka i-VirusTotal, i-Cuckoo Sandbox, ne-PEStudio. Lawa mathuluzi askena ifayela ukuze athole amaphethini anonya noma izici ezisolisayo kusetshenziswa isizindalwazi yamasiginesha kanye nama-algorithms we-heuristic.
Uma sesikhethe ithuluzi lethu, kufanele silayishe ifayela elisolisayo ukuze lihlaziywe. Ithuluzi lizokwenza uchungechunge lokuhlola ukuze linqume uhlobo lwefayela nanoma yiziphi izingcuphe ezingaba khona elizimelelayo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuhlaziya okumile kunikeza kuphela ukuhlola kokuqala futhi akuqinisekisi ukutholwa kwazo zonke izinsongo. Ngakho-ke, kuhlale kululeka ukugcwalisa lokhu kuhlaziya nezinye izindlela zokuphepha.
11. Ikhipha imethadatha kumafayela angaziwa: Amathuluzi namaphrothokholi
Emkhakheni wokukhipha imethadatha kumafayela angaziwa, kunamathuluzi ahlukene nezinqubo eziyisisekelo ezingasiza ukuxazulula le nselele. Lawa mathuluzi akuvumela ukuthi ukhiphe ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana namafayela, njengohlobo lwefayela, idethi yokudala, umbhali, nenye imethadatha efanelekile.
Elinye lamathuluzi asetshenziswa kakhulu kule ndawo I-ExifTool. Lolu hlelo lomugqa womyalo likuvumela ukuthi uthole imethadatha ezinhlobonhlobo zamafomethi wefayela, njengezithombe, imibhalo, namafayela emidiya eningi. Ukwengeza, i-ExifTool inikeza izinketho ezithuthukile zokuhlunga, ukuhlela nokuthekelisa imininingwane ekhishiwe.
Enye inketho ethandwayo yile I-Tika, umtapo wezincwadi we-Java okuvumela ukuthi ukhiphe imethadatha kumafayela angaziwa. I-Tika isebenzisa ukubonwa kwephethini ukuze ihlonze uhlobo lwefayela futhi ikhiphe imethadatha ehambisanayo. Leli thuluzi livumelana nezimo kakhulu futhi lisekela amafomethi amaningi avamile wamafayela njenge-PDF, i-Word, i-Excel, i-PowerPoint, namanye amaningi.
12. Ungazigwema kanjani izingozi lapho uvula amafayela angaziwa
Uma kuziwa ekuvuleni amafayela angaziwa, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokugwema izingozi ezingaba khona. Nansi eminye imihlahlandlela ongayilandela ukuze uzivikele wena nedivayisi yakho:
1. Sebenzisa isofthiwe ethembekile yokulwa namagciwane: Ngaphambi kokuvula noma yiliphi ifayela elingaziwa, qiniseka ukuthi isistimu yakho ivikelwe ngesofthiwe enhle, esesikhathini samanje yokulwa namagciwane. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi uthole futhi uvimbele izinsongo ezingaba khona ngaphambi kokuthi zilimaze idivayisi yakho.
2. Skena ifayela ngaphambi kokulivula: Uma unokungabaza ngobuqiniso noma ukuvikeleka kwefayela, liskene nge-antivirus yakho ngaphambi kokulivula. Iningi le izinhlelo zokulwa namagciwane Zikuvumela ukuthi uchofoze kwesokudla efayeleni bese ukhetha inketho "yokuskena". Lesi senzo sizohlola ukuthi ifayela linegciwane noma cha.
3. Qaphela ngezinanyathiselwa ze-imeyili: Izinanyathiselwa ze-imeyili ezingaziwa zingaba yingozi kakhulu, njengoba zingaqukatha uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha noma amagciwane. Uma uthola okunamathiselwe kumuntu ongamazi noma ongamlindele, kuhle ukuthi ungakuvuli. Njalo qinisekisa ubuqiniso bomthumeli ngaphambi kokulanda noma ukuvula noma yikuphi okunamathiselwe.
13. Ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-brute force ukuvula amafayela anezandiso ezingaziwa
Uma uhlangabezane nefayela elinesandiso esingaziwa futhi udinga ukulivula, inketho eyodwa ukusebenzisa indlela ye-brute force. I-Brute force iyindlela yokuzama zonke izinhlanganisela ezingaba khona uze uthole elungile. Nakuba kuyindlela enensayo futhi ayiqinisekisi njalo imiphumela, ingaba usizo ezimweni ezithile.
Okulandelayo, sizokuchazela:
1. Thola uhlobo lwefayela: Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale, kufanele ube nombono ojwayelekile wohlobo lwefayela osebenza nalo. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi ukhethe amathuluzi afanele kanye nendlela efanele. Ungathembela olwazini olunikezwe yi- isistimu esebenzayo noma wenze usesho lwe-inthanethi ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe.
14. Izindlela Ezinhle Kakhulu Zokuvula Amafayela Angaziwa Ngokuphepha
Uma uhlangabezana namafayela angaziwa, kubalulekile ukulandela izinqubo ezinconyiwe ukuze uqinisekise ukuvikeleka kwamasistimu ethu. Ngezansi izinyathelo okufanele uzilandele:
- Skena ifayela nge-antivirus software: Ngaphambi kokuvula noma yiliphi ifayela elingaziwa, qiniseka ukuthi uliskena ngesofthiwe ebuyekeziwe ye-antivirus. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi ubone noma yiziphi izinsongo ezingaba khona futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele zokuvikela uhlelo lwakho.
- Hlola umthombo wefayela: Uma uthola ifayela elingaziwa nge-imeyili noma ulilanda ku-inthanethi, hlola umthombo bese uqinisekisa ukuthi lithembekile. Gwema ukuvula izinanyathiselwa ezivela kubathumeli abangaziwa noma ababukeka besolisayo.
- Phenya uhlobo lwefayela: Ngaphambi kokuvula ifayela elingaziwa, cwaninga ngesandiso salo ukuze uqonde ukuthi hlobo luni lwefayela nokuthi yiziphi izinhlelo noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihambisana nalo. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokuthi ungaqhubeka kanjani.
Lungiselela izinketho zokuphepha ezinhlelweni: Qiniseka ukuthi unezinketho zokuphepha ezifanele ezisethwe ezinhlelweni zakho nezinhlelo zokusebenza ukuze uvimbele amafayela angaziwa ukuthi asebenze ngokuzenzakalelayo. Lokhu kulungiselelwa kuzokuvumela ukuthi ube nokulawula okukhulu futhi unciphise ingcuphe yokuba yisisulu sezinsongo ezingaba khona.
Ngamafuphi, ukuvula amafayela angaziwa ngokuphephile kudinga ukulandela izinqubo ezingcono kakhulu, njengokuskena ngesofthiwe ye-antivirus, ukuqinisekisa umthombo wefayela, ukuphenya uhlobo lwalo, nokumisa izinketho zokuphepha ezinhlelweni zakho. Ngokuthatha lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha, ungavikela isistimu yakho futhi ugweme izingozi ezingaba khona zokuvikeleka kudatha yakho namadivayisi.
Sengiphetha, ukufunda indlela yokuvula amafayela angaziwa kungaba yinzuzo kulabo ababhekene nezinselele zobuchwepheshe emsebenzini wabo noma abafuna nje ukwandisa amakhono abo okwenza ikhompuyutha. Ngalesi sihloko, sihlole amasu namathuluzi ahlukahlukene ukuze senze lo msebenzi ngempumelelo.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ngaphambi kokuvula noma yiliphi ifayela elingaziwa, udinga ukuqapha futhi ucabangele ukuphepha ku-inthanethi. Ukuqinisekisa umthombo nokusebenzisa isofthiwe ye-antivirus ebuyekeziwe yizinyathelo ezibalulekile ekuvimbeleni izinsongo ezingaba khona.
Ukwengeza, ukuba nolwazi oluyisisekelo lwezandiso zamafayela nokuthi yiziphi izinhlelo ezihambisana nazo kunikeza isisekelo esiqinile sokubhekana nalezi zinselele. Kunemithombo eminingi yolwazi kanye nemiphakathi eku-inthanethi enganikeza iziqondiso ezengeziwe uma kuba nobunzima obuthile noma imibuzo.
Kafushane, ukuvula amafayela angaziwa kudinga ilukuluku, ukubekezela, kanye nesisekelo esiqinile solwazi lobuchwepheshe. Ngokusebenzisa amasu namathuluzi okukhulunywe ngawo kulesi sihloko, uzokwazi ukwandisa amakhono akho ekhompiyutha futhi ubhekane ngokuzethemba nezinselele eziphakamayo lapho usebenzisana namafayela angaziwa. Hlala ukhumbula ukugcina isimo sengqondo sokuqapha futhi ubeke phambili ukuphepha ku-inthanethi. Hlola umhlaba ongaziwa ngokuzethemba nangekhono lobuchwepheshe!
Ngingu-Sebastián Vidal, unjiniyela wekhompyutha ozifelayo ngobuchwepheshe kanye ne-DIY. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngingumdali we tecnobits.com, lapho ngabelana khona ngezifundo zokwenza ubuchwepheshe bufinyeleleke kakhudlwana futhi buqonde wonke umuntu.