Indlela yokuvula ifayela le-C

Indlela yokuvula ifayela le-C: umhlahlandlela wezobuchwepheshe

Uma ungumhleli wezinhlelo noma ufunda ukwenza izinhlelo, kungenzeka ukuthi ngesinye isikhathi uzozithola usudinga vula ifayela C. Amafayela ⁤ anesandiso se-.c aqukethe ikhodi yomthombo ebhalwe ngolimi luka-C lokuhlela⁤, futhi ukuze uwaguqule noma uwasebenzise, ​​kuyadingeka ukuthi ube nolwazi olwanele lokuthi avulwa kanjani ngendlela efanele. Kulesi sihloko, sizokuqondisa isinyathelo ngesinyathelo sendlela yokwenza ngokuphumelelayo futhi ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Ake siqale!

Okokuqala, qinisekisa ukuthi une-C compiler efakwe kusistimu yakho. Ngaphambi kokuvula ifayela elingu-C, kubalulekile ukuthi ube nesihlanganisi esifanelekile salolu limi. Kuye ngokuthi isistimu esebenzayo Noma ngabe usebenzisa ini, kunezinketho ezahlukene ezitholakalayo. Ezinye izibonelo ezidumile zifaka i-GCC yezinhlelo ze-UNIX, i-MinGW ye-Windows, kanye ne-Clang⁢ ye-macOS. Qiniseka ukuthi isihlanganisi sifakiwe futhi silungiswe kahle ngaphambi kokuqhubeka.

Manje, vula itheminali yakho noma umugqa womyalo. Abadidiyeli abaningi be-C bagijima emgqeni womyalo, ngakho-ke kufanele sivule itheminali noma umugqa womyalo ukuze sibasebenzise. Ezinhlelweni ze-UNIX noma ze-macOS, ungasesha ukuphela kumenyu yezinhlelo zokusebenza noma usebenzise isinqamuleli sekhibhodi. Ku-Windows, ungavula umyalo womyalo ngokucindezela ukhiye "Win + R" bese uthayipha "cmd" ebhokisini lengxoxo.

Bese uzulazulela endaweni yefayela C. Uma usuvule itheminali noma umugqa womyalo, kufanele uzule uye kuhla lwemibhalo lapho ifayela le-C ofuna ukulivula likhona. Sebenzisa imiyalo ethi "cd" elandelwa indlela yohla lwemibhalo ukuze udlule kumafolda uze ufike endaweni efanele. Khumbula ukuthi kubalulekile ukuthola ifayela le-⁤C ngaphambi kokuzama ukulivula.

Ekugcineni, sebenzisa i-C compiler ukuze uvule ifayela. Uma ususendaweni yefayela elingu-C, ungasebenzisa i-compiler ehambisanayo ukuyivula. Imvamisa, i-syntax yokuhlanganisa ifayela le-C ithi «compiler_name file.c -o executable_name», lapho i-"compiler_name" kuyigama lomhlanganisi oyisebenzisayo futhi "file.c" kuyigama lefayela ofuna ukulivula. Lokhu kuzokhiqiza ifayela elisebenzisekayo ongalisebenzisa noma ulisebenzise ngokwezidingo zakho.

Manje njengoba usuzazi izinyathelo eziyisisekelo⁢ zokuthi vula ifayela C, uzokwazi ukukhohlisa nokusebenzisa ikhodi yakho yomthombo kalula. Ngaso sonke isikhathi khumbula ukufaka isihlanganisi esifanele, vula itheminali noma umugqa womyalo, zulazula uye endaweni efanele yefayela, futhi usebenzise isihlanganisi ukuvula ifayela. ngempumelelo. Hlola futhi ujabulele umhlaba wezinhlelo ze-C!

1. Isingeniso sefayela C kanye nesakhiwo salo esiyisisekelo

Ulimi lokuhlela lwe-C Ingenye esetshenziswa kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwesoftware nezinhlelo zokusebenza ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwayo nokuguquguquka. Ukuze usebenze ngamafayela C, kubalulekile ukuqonda ⁢isakhiwo⁢ sawo esiyisisekelo kanye nendlela yokuwavula ngendlela efanele. Ifayela elingu-C limane liyisethi yezinhlamvu ezimele imiyalelo noma idatha uhlelo olungayifunda noma oluyibhale.

Isakhiwo esiyisisekelo sefayela elingu-C ihlanganisa izingxenye ezihlukene okufanele zibe khona ukuze ifayela lisebenze futhi lisetshenziswe ngendlela efanele. Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukufaka imitapo yolwazi edingekayo usebenzisa isiyalelo #faka. Lawa mamitapo aqukethe imisebenzi nezincazelo ezizosetshenziswa ohlelweni.

Enye ingxenye ebalulekile esakhiweni esiyisisekelo sefayela C wumsebenzi oyinhloko okuyinhloko(). Lona umsebenzi oyinhloko ⁢wohlelo futhi yilapho ukwenza kuqala khona. Ngaphakathi komsebenzi omkhulu(), iziqondiso nezitatimende ezahlukene zingabhalwa ezizokwenziwa ngokulandelana kwazo. Kukulo msebenzi lapho ungaphinda uvule khona ifayela usebenzisa umsebenzi i-fopen() bese usetha imodi yokuvula, njengokuthi ⁤funda, bhala, noma kokubili.

2. Ukukhetha indawo yokuthuthukisa ukuze uvule ifayela elingu-C

Kunezimo ezihlukene zokuthuthukisa esingazisebenzisa ukuze sivule futhi sihlele amafayela C Ukukhethwa kwendawo kuzoncika ezidingweni zethu zomuntu siqu kanye nalokho esikukhethayo. Ukwengeza, kufanele sicabangele izici ezifana nokusebenziseka kalula, amandla okulungisa amaphutha, nezici ezengeziwe ezinikezwa indawo ngayinye.

1. Izindawo zokuthuthukisa ezididiyelwe (IDE): Ama-IDE angamathuluzi aphelele angasivumeli kuphela ukuthi sihlele ikhodi C, kodwa futhi nokuhlanganisa, ukulungisa iphutha, nokusebenzisa uhlelo. Amanye ama-IDE aziwa kakhulu yi-Visual Studio Code, i-Eclipse, ne-Code::Blocks. Lezi zindawo ezizungezile zivame ukuba nesixhumi esibonakalayo ⁢ sokuqhafaza kanye nokunikeza⁤ amasu ekhodi, ukugqamisa i-syntax, namanye amathuluzi okuthuthukisa intuthuko.

2. Abahleli bombhalo: ⁢Uma sidinga kuphela ukuvula nokuhlela ifayela elingu-C ngaphandle kwesidingo semisebenzi eyengeziwe ye-IDE, singakhetha umhleli wombhalo. Izibonelo zabahleli bombhalo zifaka i-Notepad++, I-Sublime Text, kanye ne-Atom Laba bahleli ngokuvamile balula futhi bagxila ekuhleleni umbhalo, kodwa abanazo izici ezithuthukisiwe ze-IDE.

3.⁢ Izinkundla⁤ eziku-inthanethi: Enye inketho ekahle ukusebenzisa izinkundla eziku-inthanethi ezisivumela ukuthi sihlele futhi sihlanganise ikhodi C ngqo ku- isiphequluli sewebhu, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokufaka noma yiluphi uhlelo olwengeziwe kukhompyutha yethu. Ezinye zalezi zinkundla zifaka i-Replit, ideone kanye ne-JDoodle Lezi zinkundla ziwusizo ikakhulukazi uma sifuna ukwabelana ngekhodi yethu nabanye onjiniyela noma uma sidinga ukusebenzela amadivayisi ahlukene ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa intuthuko yethu.

3. Ukusetha indawo yokuthuthukisa ifayela C

Uma usudale ifayela lakho le-C, kubalulekile ukumisa kahle indawo yakho yokuthuthuka ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukusebenza kulo. Lapha sizokukhombisa izinyathelo ⁢ezilula zokuyifinyelela:

1. Faka i-⁤C compiler: ⁢ Into yokuqala ozoyidinga ⁢i-C compiler ukuze uhlanganise futhi uqalise ifayela lakho. Ezinye⁤ izinketho ezidumile i-GCC ye izinhlelo zokusebenza Isekelwe ku-Unix, njenge-Linux, kanye ⁢MinGW ye Izinhlelo zokusebenza zeWindows.⁢ Qiniseka ukuthi ufaka isihlanganisi esifanele ⁢isistimu yakho yokusebenza.

2. Lungiselela okuguquguqukayo kwemvelo: Uma usuyifakile i-compiler, kubalulekile ukulungisa kahle okuguquguqukayo kwendawo ukuze ukwazi ukufinyelela kumhlanganisi kunoma iyiphi indawo ohlelweni lwakho. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi uhlanganise futhi usebenze amafayela akho C ngaphandle kokuthi kube kuhlu lwemibhalo Bheka imibhalo yakho yomdidiyeli ukuze uthole imiyalelo yokuthi ungasetha kanjani okuguquguqukayo kwendawo efanele.

3. Vula ifayela lakho C kusihleli sombhalo: Manje njengoba ususungule indawo yakho yokuthuthuka, ungavula ifayela lakho C kusihleli sombhalo ukuze uqale ukusebenza kuso. Ungasebenzisa noma isiphi isihleli sombhalo ozikhethele sona, njenge Ikhodi ye-Visual Studio, Atom, noma Umbhalo Ophansi. Laba bahleli bombhalo ngokuvamile banokugqanyiswa kwe-syntax nezinye izici ezizokusiza ukuthi ubhale futhi ulungise ikhodi yakho ngempumelelo kakhudlwana.

Hlala ukhumbula ukulondoloza izinguquko zakho futhi uhlanganise ifayela lakho C ngaphambi kokuliqhuba ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi awekho amaphutha Ukusetha kahle indawo yakho yokuthuthukisa kuzokuvumela ukuthi usebenze ngokuphumelelayo futhi ujabulele ukuzizwisa kwezinhlelo ezishelelayo.

4. Ukuvula ifayela elingu-C nokuqonda elikuqukethe

Ingxenye ebalulekile yezinhlelo ngolimi lwe-C Kuyikhono lokuvula nokufunda amafayela. Lokhu kusivumela ukuthi sifinyelele ulwazi olugcinwe efayelini futhi silucubungule ngendlela esiyidingayo. Ukuvula ifayela ngo-C, sisebenzisa umsebenzi ⁤ i-fopen(), esivumela ukuthi sicacise igama lefayela kanye nemodi yokuvula. Lapho sivula ifayela, sithola i-pointer esakhiweni se-FILE, esizosetshenziselwa ukwenza imisebenzi yokufunda noma yokubhala efayeleni.

Uma sesilivulile ifayela, kubalulekile ukuthi sikwazi ukuqonda elikuqukethe Ukuze ufunde okuqukethwe kwefayela ku-C, sisebenzisa umsebenzi fscanf() o fgets(). Umsebenzi we-fscanf() usivumela ukuthi sifunde idatha efomethiwe efayelini, kuyilapho i-fgets() isivumela ukuthi sifunde umugqa wonke. kusuka kufayela. Ukukhetha phakathi kwale ⁤imisebenzi emibili⁢ kuzoncika kufomethi ⁤ulwazi​kufayela olugcinwe ngayo.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lapho sifunda ifayela elingu-C, kufanele siqiniseke ukuthi siyalivala uma sesiqedile ukulisebenzisa. Ngale ndlela, sikhulula izinsiza ezihambisana nefayela futhi sigweme izinkinga zememori ezingaba khona. Ukuze ⁢ukuvala ifayela ngo-C, sisebenzisa ⁤umsebenzi⁣ i-fclose(), sidlulisa njengepharamitha isikhombi esakhiweni se-FILE esisithole lapho sivula ifayela. Uma singavali ifayela ngemva kokulisebenzisa, singabangela ukulahleka kwedatha noma sikhiyele ezinye izinhlelo noma abasebenzisi ifayela.

5. Ukuxazulula amaphutha avamile lapho uvula ifayela elingu-C

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Lapho usebenza ngamafayela C, kuvamile ukuhlangana namaphutha lapho uzama ukuwavula. Lawa maphutha angakhungathekisa, kodwa ngezixazululo ezifanele, ungawalungisa ngempumelelo. indlela ephumelelayo.​ Lapha sethula ezinye zezimo ⁤ ezivame kakhulu nokuthi ungazixazulula kanjani:

1. Ifayela ⁢alitholakali: Leli elinye lamaphutha ajwayelekile ongahlangana nawo lapho uzama ukuvula ifayela le-C Uhlelo lokusebenza kungenzeka lungalitholi ifayela elishiwo ngenxa yendlela engalungile noma iphutha egameni lefayela. Ngoba xazulula le nkinga, qiniseka ukuthi uhlola indlela kanye ⁢negama⁣ lefayela. Futhi,⁢ ihlola ukuthi ifayela likhona yini ohlwini lwemibhalo olushiwo. Uma ifayela lingakatholakali, ungazama ukulibheka kolunye uhla lwemibhalo noma umane uhlanganise ikhodi yomthombo ukuze ukhiqize ifayela elisha.

2. Izimvume ezinganele zokufinyelela: Esinye isimo esivamile ukuba nezinkinga zokuvula ifayela C ngenxa yezimvume ezinganele zokufinyelela. Lokhu kungenzeka uma uzama ukuvula ifayela elidinga amalungelo okuphatha. Ukuze ulungise le nkinga, zama ukuqalisa⁢ uhlelo noma umhleli ⁢C njengomlawuli. ⁤Lokhu kuzokunikeza izimvume ezidingekayo zokuvula ifayela. Futhi, qiniseka ukuthi ifayela alivuliwe kolunye uhlelo noma umhleli, njengoba lokhu kungase futhi kubangele izinkinga zokufinyelela.

3. Ifayela elilimele noma elingavumelekile: ⁢ Ngezikhathi ezithile, ungase uhlangabezane nesimo sokuthi ifayela le-C lonakele noma alivumelekile Lokhu kungase kwenzeke ngenxa yephutha ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa noma ukulandwa okungalungile kwefayela. Ukuze uxazulule le nkinga, zama ukuphinda uhlanganise ikhodi yomthombo ukuze uthole ifayela ⁤elisha⁢ elivumelekile. Uma ifayela livela emthonjeni wangaphandle, qiniseka ukuthi ukulanda kuqedwe ngempumelelo bese ulanda ifayela futhi uma kunesidingo. Uma ingekho kulezi zindlela ezixazulula inkinga yakho, ungase udinge ukufuna usizo olwengeziwe, njengokuxhumana nabanye onjiniyela noma ukusesha izinkundla zokuhlela.

6. Amathuluzi awusizo okusebenza ngamafayela ⁢C

Amafayela C abalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwesofthiwe njengoba aqukethe ikhodi yomthombo wohlelo ebhalwe ngolimi lokuhlela lwe-C Uma ufuna izindlela zokuvula nokusebenza ngamafayela C, nanka amathuluzi athile awusizo azokusiza ukukufeza ngempumelelo nangempumelelo. .

1. Abahleli bombhalo: Ukuze uvule futhi ulungise ifayela le-C, uzodinga umhleli wombhalo ofanelekile. Abanye abahleli abadumile bafaka umbhalo ophansi, obonakalayo Ikhodi Yesitudiyo kanye ne-Notepad++. Lawa mathuluzi akuvumela ukuthi ugqamise i-syntax yekhodi, amagama angukhiye wokuqedela ngokuzenzakalela, futhi unikeze isixhumi esibonakalayo esinembile sokusebenza namafayela C.

2. Abahlanganisi: Uma usuwenze izinguquko ezidingekayo kufayela lakho elingu-C, kufanele ulihlanganise ukuze ukhiqize ifayela elisebenzisekayo.⁢ Abahlanganisi baguqula ikhodi yomthombo ibe imiyalo⁣ esebenzisekayo umshini. Abahlanganisi abadumile bahlanganisa i-GCC (GNU Compiler Collection), Clang, kanye ne-Microsoft Visual C++ Laba bahlanganisi banikeza izinketho zokuthuthukisa nokulungisa iphutha ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza nokubona amaphutha kukhodi.

3. Izimo zokuthuthukisa ezididiyelwe (IDE): Ama-IDE angamathuluzi aphelele ahlanganisa abahleli bombhalo nemisebenzi yokuhlanganisa nokulungisa amaphutha endaweni eyodwa. Amanye ama-IDE adumile okusebenza ngamafayela C yiKhodi::Blocks, Dev-C++, kanye ne-Eclipse. Lawa mathuluzi anikezela ngezici ezithuthukile njengokugqamisa iphutha lokuhlanganisa, ukuqedelela ngokuzenzakalela ikhodi, kanye nekhono lokusebenzisa nokususa amaphutha ngokuqondile endaweni.

Ngokusebenzisa la mathuluzi ndawonye,​ uzokwazi ukuvula, ukuhlela, ukuhlanganisa nokulungisa amafayela C⁤ kahle. Khumbula ukuthi ithuluzi ngalinye linezici zalo kanye⁢ nezinzuzo, ngakho ⁢kuyalulekwa ukuthi ulihlole futhi ulithole. lokho kufanelana kangcono nezidingo zakho kanye nezintandokazi zakho. Qala ukusebenza kumaphrojekthi akho e-C ngokuzethemba nangempumelelo!

7. Izincomo zokuphatha kahle amafayela C

Khumbula ukufaka umtapo wolwazi odingekayo: Ngaphambi kokuvula ifayela elingu-C, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umtapo wolwazi ofanelekile ufakiwe. Sebenzisa i-directive #faka ‍ ukufaka umtapo ⁢ C okufakwayo nokuphumayo okujwayelekile Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi usebenzise imisebenzi edingekayo ukuze wenze imisebenzi yefayela. Ngaphandle kokufaka le labhulali, ngeke ukwazi ukusebenza ngamafayela ohlelweni lwakho.

Khetha imodi yokuvula efanele: Uma uvula ifayela ku-C, kufanele ucacise imodi yokuvula ofuna ukuyisebenzisa. Unezinketho ezahlukene ezitholakalayo, njengokuthi «r» ukuvula ifayela⁢ kumodi yokufunda, "w" ukuvula ifayela kwimodi yokubhala noma "kuya" ukuvula ifayela engeza okuqukethwe kwimodi yokuqeda. Kubalulekile ukukhetha imodi yokuvula efanele kuye ngokuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngefayela.

Phatha kahle amaphutha: Uma uvula ifayela ngo-C, kuhlale kunethuba lokuthi okuthile kungahamba kahle. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuphatha kahle amaphutha. Sebenzisa umsebenzi i-fopen() ukuze uvule ifayela futhi uhlole ukuthi inani elibuyisiwe liyi-NULL. Uma lokho kwenzeka, kusho ukuthi kube nephutha ekuvuleni ifayela futhi kufanele wazise umsebenzisi. ⁤Futhi, qiniseka ukuthi uvala ifayela ngemuva kokuthi usuqedile ukusebenza⁢ ngalo usebenzisa umsebenzi⁢ i-fclose(). ⁤Lokhu kuzogwema izinkinga ngokulahleka kwedatha⁤ kanye namaphutha angaba khona ekusebenzeni kwefayela okuzayo.