Osomkhathi, abahloli basemkhathini abanesibindi, babhekana nochungechunge lwezinselelo eziyingqayizivele phakathi nomsebenzi wabo. Ukusuka ekungabini nesisindo kuya ekuchayekeni emazingeni aphezulu emisebe, zonke izici zokuphila emkhathini zidinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela nokubulawa. Kodwa ingabe wake wazibuza ukuthi benza kanjani omunye wemisebenzi eyisisekelo ekuphileni? impilo yansuku zonke? Kuleli phepha elimhlophe, sizohlola ngokuningiliziwe inqubo yokuthi osomkhathi badlala kanjani emkhathini, siveze izindlela nobuchwepheshe okwenza lo msebenzi obalulekile ube nokwenzeka endaweni ye-microgravity. Zilungiselele ukujula emhlabeni othakazelisayo wesayensi yemvelo yasemkhathini futhi uthole ukuthi indle yomuntu ilawulwa kanjani endaweni yonke.
1. Isingeniso se-physiology yamathumbu osomkhathi
I-physiology yamathumbu osomkhathi iyisihloko esibaluleke kakhulu ocwaningweni lwasemkhathini. Phakathi nohambo olunwetshiwe emkhathini, osomkhathi baba nezinguquko ezibalulekile ezinhlelweni zabo zokugaya ukudla ngenxa yokungabikho kwamandla adonsela phansi nezinye izici zemvelo.
Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu osomkhathi ababhekana nazo ukulawula isimiso sabo samathumbu. Ngaphansi kwezimo ze-microgravity, kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi ukunyakaza kwe-peristaltic kwamathumbu kungasebenzi kahle, okungaholela ezinkingeni zokugaya nokuqunjelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuntuleka kwamandla adonsela phansi nakho kuthinta ukumuncwa kwezakhamzimba emgudwini wamathumbu.
Ukuze kubhekwane nalezi zinkinga, kuye kwasungulwa amasu namasu ahlukene emkhakheni we-spatial physiology yamathumbu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwezidlo ezikhethekile, izithasiselo ezithile zokudla, nezinhlelo zokuzivocavoca eziklanyelwe ukugqugquzela ukusebenza kahle kwesimiso samathumbu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe obusha, njengokuphathwa kwama-probiotics, buyaphenywa ukuze kuthuthukiswe impilo yamathumbu osomkhathi ngesikhathi semishini yasemkhathini eyandisiwe.
2. Izinselele zokuzikhulula ku-microgravity
Ukukhipha isisu ku-microgravity kungenye yezinselelo ezinzima kakhulu osomkhathi ababhekana nazo emkhathini. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamandla adonsela phansi, inqubo evamile yokukhipha imfucuza eqinile iba sengozini, idinga izixazululo ezintsha neziqondile zokuqinisekisa inhlanzeko nempilo yamalungu eqembu. Ngezansi izinyathelo zokubhekana nale nselele:
1. Ukuklanywa kwezinhlelo ezifanele: Onjiniyela basemkhathini baye basungula amasistimu ezindlu zangasese ezikhethekile ezisebenzayo ngempumelelo ku-microgravity. Lezi zindlu zangasese zenzelwe ukwenza lula ukuqoqwa kanye nokugcinwa kahle kwemfucuza. Basebenzisa i-vacuum, ukugeleza komoya kanye nezinhlelo zokuvala uphawu ze-hermetic ukuvimbela ukuhlakazeka kwemfucumfucu futhi bagcine indawo yemikhumbi-mkhathi ihlanzekile.
2. Izinqubo zokuphuma: Osomkhathi kufanele balandele izinqubo ezithile ukuze bakhiphe imfucumfucu emkhathini. Ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yokuvimbela kuyanconywa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi usomkhathi uhlala endaweni ngesikhathi senqubo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasistimu okumunca kanye nezikhwama zeziqukathi zisetshenziselwa ukubamba imfucuza futhi kugwenywe izinkinga zokungcola noma iphunga elibi.
3. Izinqubo zomzimba ezilungiselwe ukulahlwa kwemfucuza emkhathini
Emkhathini, osomkhathi kumele babhekane nenselelo yokukhipha udoti emizimbeni yabo a indlela ephumelelayo. Ngenhlanhla, umzimba womuntu wenze izindlela ezivumelaniswe nalesi simo. Enye yezinqubo ezibaluleke kakhulu ukuchama, okubandakanya ukuqedwa koketshezi kanye nemikhiqizo engcolile ngezinso nesinye. Ngesikhathi sokundiza emkhathini, osomkhathi benza le nqubo besebenzisa isistimu eyisipesheli ebuyisela kabusha futhi isebenzise uketshezi.
Enye indlela ebalulekile ukukhishwa kwendle, okubandakanya ukukhishwa kwemfucuza eqinile ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi le nqubo yenziwa ngendlela efanele emkhathini, kuye kwathuthukiswa izinhlelo zokukhucululwa kwendle ezithuthukisiwe ezivumela osomkhathi ukuba bazikhulule ngokuhlanzekile nangempumelelo. Lezi zinhlelo ngokuvamile zisebenzisa i-vacuum nokushisa ukusiza ekukhipheni nasekugcinweni okulandelayo kwemfucuza.
Ngaphezu kwalezi zindlela, umzimba womuntu nawo unezinye izindlela zokususa imfucuza emkhathini. Ukujuluka kuyisibonelo esiyinhloko, njengoba kuvumela ukuqedwa kobuthi ngezindlala zomjuluko esikhumbeni. Nokho, ngenxa yezimo zesikhala, umjuluko awuhwamuki kalula futhi unganqwabelana emzimbeni. Ngakho-ke, osomkhathi kufanele basebenzise izinhlelo ezikhethekile zokungenisa umoya ukuze balawule futhi basuse umjuluko ngendlela efanele.
4. Ukuklanywa kwendlu yangasese yesikhala: isixazululo sobuchwepheshe esisha
Ukuklanywa kwendlu yangasese yasemkhathini kuyinselelo yezobuchwepheshe edinga isisombululo esisha sokuqinisekisa ukunethezeka nokuhlanzeka kosomkhathi ngaphansi kwezimo ze-gravity eziyi-zero. Isixazululo sezobuchwepheshe sizokwethulwa ngezansi. Igxathu emvakwe gxathu eye yathuthukiswa ngongoti kulo mkhakha.
1. Idizayini ye-Ergonomic: Ukuze uvumelane nezidingo ezithile zosomkhathi, indlu yangasese yasemkhathini kufanele iklanywe ngendlela evumelana nezimo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukucabangela isikhundla somzimba kanye nokusebenziseka kalula ezimeni ze-gravity eziyiziro. Amathuluzi okumodela nawokulingisa asetshenzisiwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi indlu yangasese inikeza okuhlangenwe nakho okunethezekile nokuphephile.
2. Izinhlelo zokugaywa kabusha: Esinye sezici ezibalulekile zomklamo wendlu yangasese yasemkhathini yikhono layo lokugaya kabusha nokusebenzisa kabusha imfucuza yomuntu. Ukufeza lokhu, kusetshenziswa izinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe zokuhlunga nokuhlanza ezivumela ukuthi umchamo uguqulwe ube amanzi okuphuza kanye nokugaywa kabusha okuqinile ukuze kusetshenziswe ekukhiqizweni kokudla noma ekukhiqizeni amandla.
3. Ukunakekela nokuhlanza: Njengoba indlu yangasese yasemkhathini izosetshenziswa isikhathi eside ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu, kubalulekile ukuba nohlelo olusebenzayo lokulungisa. Lokhu kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingagqoki futhi kulula ukuzihlanza, kanye nokuqaliswa kwezinqubo zokuhlanza njalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhlanzeka nokusebenza kahle kwendlu yangasese.
Kafushane, ukuklanywa kwendlu yangasese yesikhala kudinga isixazululo sezobuchwepheshe esisha esicabangela i-ergonomics, izinhlelo zokugaywa kabusha kanye nokugcinwa okufanele. Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe yenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukwakha indlu yangasese yasemkhathini ehlangabezana nalezi zidingo, ihlinzeka ngokunethezeka nokuhlanzeka kosomkhathi ngesikhathi sohambo lwabo lwasemkhathini. Kuyisici esibalulekile ukuqinisekisa impilo kanye nenhlalakahle yabasebenzi abasemkhathini.
5. Inqubo yokukhipha amathumbu ezimeni ezingenasisindo
Kuyinto ethakazelisayo eyenzeka emzimbeni womuntu lapho usendaweni engaphandle noma endaweni ye-microgravity. Ngokungafani nasemhlabeni, lapho amandla adonsela phansi edlala indima enkulu enqubweni yokunyakaza kwamathumbu, ukungabi nesisindo kuveza izinselele eziyingqayizivele ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla.
Ngesikhathi sokungabi nesisindo, indle ayikwazi ukuxoshwa ngokwemvelo ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamandla adonsela phansi. Lokhu kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinjengokuqunjelwa kanye nokungaphatheki kahle kosomkhathi ohambweni lwasemkhathini olude. Kodwa-ke, amasu namadivayisi ahlukene athuthukisiwe ukusiza ukusiza inqubo yokuhambisa amathumbu kulezi zimo.
Enye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwe-vacuum systems. Lawa masistimu avumela amandla okumunca alawulwayo ukuthi asetshenziswe ukusiza ukukhipha indle. Ukwengeza, kusetshenziswa amathuluzi okuvikela avimbela indle ukuthi ingantanti ngokukhululeka endlini yendlwana yasemkhathini. Lawa madivaysi ngokuvamile anesimo se-ergonomically futhi alingana kahle nomzimba kasomkhathi ukuze aphume ngendlela efanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunconywa ukuba ulandele ukudla okufanele futhi udle ukudla okucebile ku-fiber ukukhuthaza ukujwayela kwamathumbu.
6. Ukunakekelwa nokucatshangelwa ukugcina inhlanzeko eyanele ku-International Space Station
Ukuqinisekisa inhlanzeko eyanele ku-International Space Station (ISS) kubalulekile ukugcina impilo kanye nenhlalakahle yosomkhathi emkhathini. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamandla adonsela phansi kanye nendawo evaliwe ye-ISS, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezengeziwe ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwamagciwane nokugcina indawo ehlanzekile nephephile.
Ngezansi kukhona ukunakekelwa okubalulekile nokucatshangelwa okufanele ukukhumbule ukugcina inhlanzeko efanele ku-ISS:
- Ukugeza izandla okuvamile: Osomkhathi kufanele bageze izandla njalo, besebenzisa insipho namanzi. Ukwengeza, bahlinzekwa nge-sanitizer yesandla esekwe etshwaleni abazoyisebenzisa lapho bengakwazi ukufinyelela emanzini ahambayo. Lokhu kusiza ekuvimbeleni ukusabalala kwamagciwane nezifo.
- Ukuhlanza nokubulala amagciwane: Ukuhlanzwa kaningi nangokucophelela kwazo zonke izindawo nezinto zokusebenza ze-ISS kufanele kwenziwe kusetshenziswa imikhiqizo egunyaziwe yokubulala amagciwane. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlanza amaphaneli okulawula, izindawo zokusebenza, nemishini yokuzivocavoca, phakathi kokunye. Ukwengeza, kufanele kulandelwe izimiso ezithile zokulawulwa kwemfucuza kanye nokulahlwa kwemikhiqizo engcolile.
- Ukulawula ikhwalithi yomoya: Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yomoya kubalulekile ekugcineni indawo enempilo ku-ISS. Ukuhlunga komoya kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlanza kufanele ziqashwe futhi zigcinwe njalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle. Ukuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile kufanele futhi kwenziwe ukuze kutholwe ukuba khona kokungcola futhi kugcinwe amazinga ekhwalithi yomoya ngaphakathi kwemingcele eyamukelekayo.
Ukugcina inhlanzeko efanele ku-International Space Station kudinga indlela eqinile neqhubekayo yosomkhathi kanye nethimba labasekeli eMhlabeni. Ngokulandela ngokucophelela lokhu kunakekela nokucatshangelwa, indawo ehlanzekile nephephile ingaqinisekiswa evumela osomkhathi ukuthi benze imisebenzi yabo emkhathini ngendlela efanele futhi ngaphandle kwezingozi empilweni yabo.
7. Umthelela wokungabi nesisindo ekusebenzeni kohlelo lokugaya ukudla komuntu
Ukungabi nesisindo, okubonakala ngokuntuleka kwamandla adonsela phansi, kunomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwesimiso sokugaya ukudla komuntu ngesikhathi sokuhamba emkhathini. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, osomkhathi bahlangabezana nochungechunge lwezinguquko ezingathinta ukugayeka kokudla kanye nokumuncwa kokudla, kanye nokuhamba kwamathumbu.
Omunye wemiphumela eyinhloko yokungabi nesisindo ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla ukwabiwa kabusha koketshezi lomzimba. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, amandla adonsela phansi asiza ukugcina uketshezi lusendaweni yalo efanele, kodwa lapho kungabikho amandla adonsela phansi, uketshezi luvame ukunqwabelana engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba, okungabangela ukuvuvukala kobuso nokucinana kwekhala. Ukwengeza, ukuntuleka kwamandla adonsela phansi kungenza ukuthulula kwesisu kube nzima, okungaholela emizweni yokugcwala kanye nesicanucanu kosomkhathi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungabi nesisindo kungathonya nokumuncwa kwezakhi. Ukungabikho kwamandla adonsela phansi kunciphisa ukufinyela kwemisipha yezitho zokugaya, okuthinta ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo yokumuncwa. Lokhu kungaholela ekwehleni kokumuncwa kwezakhi ezibalulekile njengamaprotheni, amaminerali namavithamini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuntuleka kwamandla adonsela phansi kungashintsha izitshalo zamathumbu, ezingaba nemiphumela emibi empilweni nasenhlalakahleni yosomkhathi.
8. Izinqubo namasu asetshenziswa osomkhathi ukulahla imfucuza
Osomkhathi basebenzisa izinqubo nezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokulahla imfucuza emkhathini. Enye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kokuqoqwa kwemfucuza kanye nezinhlelo zokulondoloza. Lawa masistimu enzelwe ukuthwebula nokuqukatha ngokuphephile udoti okhiqizwa osomkhathi ngesikhathi behlala e-International Space Station.
Ngaphezu kwezinhlelo zokuqoqwa kwemfucuza nezokugcina, osomkhathi baphinde basebenzisa amasu akhethekile ukwelapha udoti owuketshezi. Le mfucumfucu ewuketshezi iba nenqubo yokuhwamuka, okuvumela amanzi aqukethwe kuyo ukuba ahlukaniswe futhi agaywe kabusha ukuze asetshenziswe kabusha esiteshini. Le nqubo yenziwa kudivayisi ebizwa nge-International Space Station Water Treatment System.
Enye indlela esetshenziswa osomkhathi ukulahla imfucuza ukugaywa kabusha. Isiteshi sinezinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe zokugaywa kabusha ezivumela udoti oqinile ukuthi uguqulwe ube izinto ezisebenziseka kabusha. Lezi zinhlelo zisebenzisa izinqubo zokwenza umquba kanye nezinqubo zokuvala inzalo ukuze ziguqule udoti wezinto eziphilayo zibe umanyolo futhi zisuse noma yikuphi ukungcola. Ukwengeza, imfucuza eqinile iyahlanganiswa futhi igcinwe ukuze ibuyiselwe eMhlabeni kamuva. Kafushane, osomkhathi banezinhlelo namasu akhethekile okuqinisekisa ukuphathwa kahle kwemfucuza emkhathini.
9. Izinselele zesikhathi esizayo: Ungathuthukisa kanjani izinhlelo zokususa imfucumfucu yasemkhathini?
Enye yezinto ezisemqoka okufanele sibhekane nazo ukuze siqinisekise ukuthi indawo esimeme yasemkhathini ukwenza ngcono izinhlelo zokulahla imfucumfucu yasemkhathini. Njengoba umsebenzi wasemkhathini ukhula, ukunqwabelana kwemfucumfucu yasemkhathini sekufinyelele emazingeni akhathazayo, okubeka engcupheni enkulu nengqalasizinda ekhona kanye nemisebenzi yasemkhathini yesikhathi esizayo. Ngezansi kunezinselele nezisombululo ezingase zixazululwe le nkinga.
1. Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokuqoqwa nokulahla: Kubalulekile ukuthi kutshalwe imali ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe obuphambili obungaqoqa futhi bulahle. ngempumelelo imfucumfucu yendawo. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukusebenzisa izimoto eziyisipesheli zamarobhothi ezihlomeke ngamathuluzi okubamba kanye namasistimu okuhambisa ukuze kuthwebule imfucumfucu futhi iyisuse. ngokuphephile.
2. Ukuqaliswa kwemithetho nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe: Ukubambisana komhlaba wonke kuyadingeka ukuze kubhekwane nenkinga yemfucumfucu yasemkhathini. Kubalulekile ukusungula imithetho yamazwe ngamazwe edinga amazwe nama-ejensi asemkhathini ukuthi alandele ukuqaliswa okuphephile kwesathelayithi nezinqubo zokulahla. Lokhu kungase futhi kubandakanye nezinyathelo zokuqinisekisa ukuthi amasathelayithi angasasebenzi ayasuswa emzileni ngendlela ephephile nelawulwayo.
10. Izinyathelo zokuphepha nokukhucululwa kwendle emkhathini: ukuqinisekisa impilo yosomkhathi
Emkhathini, izinyathelo zokuphepha nokukhucululwa kwendle zibalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe impilo kanye nokuphila kahle kosomkhathi. Lezi zinyathelo zifuna ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwezifo kanye nokugcina indawo ehlanzekile nenempilo emisebenzini yasemkhathini. Ngezansi ezinye zezinyathelo ezibalulekile okufanele zithathwe:
- Ukugcinwa okuvamile kwemishini namasistimu: Kubalulekile ukuhlola njalo nokunakekelwa kwemishini nezinhlelo ezisemkhathini ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi zisebenza ngendlela efanele. Lokhu kubandakanya ukuqapha amasistimu okuhlunga komoya namanzi, kanye nokugcina izinhlelo zokugaywa kabusha kwemfucuza.
- Ukukhipha amagciwane ebusweni: Kubalulekile ukuhlale ubulala amagciwane esiteshini sasemkhathini ukuze uvimbele ukwakheka kwamagciwane namagciwane. Imikhiqizo ephephile nesebenzayo yokubulala amagciwane kufanele isetshenziswe engenabo ubuthi kosomkhathi noma eyingozi endaweni ezungezile. indawo ezungezile.
- Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yomoya namanzi: Umoya namanzi asemkhathini kufanele kuhlolwe ikhwalithi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kuphephile ukusetshenziswa nokuphefumula. Lokhu kubandakanya ukuqapha njalo ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye ne-microbiological emoyeni namanzi, kanye nokususwa kwanoma yikuphi ukungcola noma izinto eziyingozi.
Ngamafuphi, izinyathelo zokuphepha nokukhucululwa kwendle emkhathini zibalulekile ekuvikeleni impilo yosomkhathi ngesikhathi sohambo lwasemkhathini. Ukugcinwa njalo kwemishini, ukubulala amagciwane endaweni, kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi yomoya namanzi ngezinye zezinto ezibalulekile okufanele zenziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe indawo enempilo emkhathini. Lezi zinyathelo zivumela osomkhathi ukuthi bagxile emisebenzini yabo futhi bakhulise ukusebenza kwabo ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokugula okungenzeka noma ukungcola endaweni yasemkhathini.
11. Ukuthi ukudla emkhathini kuwathinta kanjani amaphethini osomkhathi wokuzikhulula
Izimo ezihlukile zesikhala zithinta kakhulu amaphethini osomkhathi wokuzikhulula. Ukuntuleka kwamandla adonsela phansi kanye nokuchayeka isikhathi eside ezindaweni ezivaliwe, ezivalekile kungabangela izinguquko ezinhlelweni zokugaya ukudla kosonkanyezi, okungase kuthinte imikhuba yabo yokuzikhulula.
1. Izinkinga zamathumbu: Ukuntuleka kwamandla adonsela phansi emkhathini kushintsha indlela uhlelo lokugaya ukudla olusebenza ngayo ngokujwayelekile. Ngenxa yokungabikho kwamandla adonsela phansi, uketshezi lomzimba luvame ukunqwabelana engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba, kuhlanganise nomgudu wokugaya ukudla. Lokhu kungaholela ekwandeni kwamagesi noketshezi ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla, okungabangela ukuqunjelwa, ukuphatheka kabi kwesisu, kanye ne-flatulence kosomkhathi.
2. Ukuqunjelwa: Ukuqunjelwa kungenye inkinga evamile osomkhathi abasemkhathini ababhekana nayo. Ukuntuleka kwamandla adonsela phansi kwenza kube nzima ukuthi ukudla kudlule ngokujwayelekile ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla, okungaholela ekubambezelekeni kwenqubo yokukhipha indle. Ukwengeza, ukudla okukhethekile kosomkhathi abasemkhathini, ngokuvamile okuba namaprotheni amaningi kanye ne-fiber encane, kungenza ukuqunjelwa kube kubi nakakhulu.
3. Izixazululo nezindlela zokuvimbela: Ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga, uchungechunge lwezixazululo luye lwaqaliswa emisebenzini yasemkhathini. Osomkhathi bathola ukuhlela ngokucophelela ukudla kwabo, okuhlanganisa ukudla okunefiber ephezulu kanye nokudla okwanele koketshezi. Ukwengeza, imithi ekhethekile nezithasiselo zisetshenziselwa ukusiza ukulawula uhlelo lokugaya ukudla kosomkhathi abasemkhathini. Imishini ekhethekile, njengezindlu zangasese ezinamasistimu e-vacuum, nayo yakhiwe ukuze kube lula ukuzikhulula ezimweni ezingenasisindo.
Kafushane, umsoco wasemkhathini unomthelela omkhulu kumaphethini osomkhathi wokuzikhulula ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamandla adonsela phansi kanye nokudla okukhethekile abakulandelayo emkhathini. Nakuba izixazululo ezihlukahlukene nezindlela zokuvimbela ziye zasetshenziswa, lezi zinkinga zesisu zisaqhubeka zibe yinselele kosomkhathi phakathi nomsebenzi wabo wasemkhathini.
12. Ukubaluleka kocwaningo lwe-physiology yamathumbu endaweni yasemkhathini
I-physiology yamathumbu emkhathini iyisihloko esibaluleke kakhulu ocwaningweni lwesayensi. Ukuqonda ukuthi izinhlelo zokugaya ukudla zosomkhathi zisebenza kanjani ngesikhathi sohambo olunwetshiwe lwasemkhathini kunikeza ulwazi olubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe inhlalakahle yabo nokusebenza kwabo emkhathini. Ukwengeza, lolu cwaningo lungase lube nezinhlelo zokusebenza ekuthuthukiseni impilo yamathumbu eMhlabeni, njengoba imiphumela ye-microgravity kanye nemvelo yesikhala ingase iveze ulwazi olusha mayelana nokusebenza kwesistimu yokugaya ukudla komuntu.
Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu zokwenza ucwaningo nge-physiology yamathumbu emkhathini ukuntuleka kwamandla adonsela phansi. Ukuntuleka kwamandla adonsela phansi kuthinta ngokuqondile ukuhamba kwamathumbu, kuguqula izinqubo zokugaya nokumuncwa kwezakhi. Lokhu kungaholela ezinkingeni zempilo, njengokuncipha kwemisipha nokungondleki. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa izindlela nobuchwepheshe obuvumela ukufunda nokugcina impilo yamathumbu osomkhathi emkhathini.
Ucwaningo kulo mkhakha luhlanganisa izici eziningi, kusukela ocwaningweni lwe-intestinal microbiota ezimeni ze-microgravity kuya ekuhlolweni kwezimpendulo zomzimba ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zokudla ngesikhathi sohambo lwasemkhathini. Kusetshenziswa amathuluzi nezindlela ezahlukahlukene, njengokuhlaziya i-genomic ye-intestinal microbiota, ukuhlolwa kokumuncwa kwezakhi kanye nokuqapha ukuhamba kwesisu. Lezi zifundo zinikeza idatha ebalulekile mayelana nokujwayela kwesistimu yokugaya ukudla endaweni yasemkhathini futhi isiza ukuthuthukisa amasu okugcina impilo nokuphila kahle kosomkhathi ngesikhathi semishini.
13. Amathuluzi athuthukile kanye nobuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa ezindlini zokugezela zasemkhathini
Zibalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhlanzeka nokunethezeka kosomkhathi ngesikhathi sohambo lwabo lwasemkhathini. Lokhu kuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukunqoba izinselele eziyingqayizivele ezethulwa indawo yasemkhathini futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izindlu zangasese zisebenza kahle futhi ngokuphepha.
Elinye lamathuluzi abaluleke kakhulu ukuqoqwa kwamanzi angcolile kanye nohlelo lokwelapha. Emkhathini, ithonsi ngalinye lamanzi liyigugu, ngakho kusetshenziswa izinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe ezihlukanisa uketshezi nezinto eziqinile futhi zihlanze amanzi ngempumelelo ukuze ziphinde zisetshenziswe. Lokhu kufezwa ngobuchwepheshe obufana nokuhwamuka nokuhlunga, okuvumela ukungcola ukuba kuqedwe kanye namanzi ahlanzekile afanele ukusetshenziswa okuhlukile.
Obunye ubuchwepheshe obuphawulekayo yindlu yangasese yesikhala. Lawa madivaysi aklanywe ngokucophelela ukuze asebenze ezimweni ezingenasisindo futhi anciphise ukukhiqizwa kwephunga nemfucuza. Bahlanganisa amasistimu okumunca kanye nokucindezelwa ukuze kususwe imfucumfucu ngokuhlanzekile, ngaphezu kokuba nezinqubo zokuvala uphawu ze-hermetic ukuvimbela ukuvuza nokugcina indawo ehlanzekile nephephile ngaphakathi komkhumbi-mkhathi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlu zangasese zesikhala zinobuchwepheshe bokulawula nokuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela. Lezi zinhlelo zivumela osomkhathi ukuthi baqaphe ukusebenza kwezingxenye ezahlukene zokugeza, njengokucindezela kwamanzi, izinga lokushisa kanye nezinga lokugeleza. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze uthole ukwehluleka okungenzeka noma amaphutha futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokulungisa ngokushesha nangempumelelo. Ngokunjalo, lezi zinhlelo zokulawula zisiza ukuqapha amazinga amanzi kanye nemfucuza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphathwa nokugcinwa kwazo ngendlela efanele endaweni.
14. Iziphetho kanye nemibono yesikhathi esizayo mayelana nokwenzeka kokuthunjwa emkhathini
Sengiphetha, lo mkhuba wokukhipha indle emkhathini uyinselelo yangempela okumele ixazululwe ngokuningiliziwe nangokucophelela. Kulo lonke lolu cwaningo, sihlole izici ezahlukene ezihlobene nale nkinga futhi sathola izixazululo ezingaba khona.
Elinye lamathemba amakhulu ekusasa ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zezindlu zangasese ezithuthuke kakhulu. Lezi zinhlelo kuzodingeka zicabangele izimo eziyingqayizivele zendawo ezungezile, njenge-microgravity kanye nokungadonseli phansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele zibe compact, zisebenze kahle ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi futhi iphephile kokubili osomkhathi kanye nomkhumbi-mkhathi.
Omunye umbono obalulekile wucwaningo oluqhubekayo lwezempilo kanye nokwakheka komzimba kosomkhathi abasemkhathini. Ukuqonda kangcono ukuthi uhlelo lokugaya lusebenza kanjani ku-microgravity kuzosivumela ukuthi sithuthukise izixazululo ezisebenzayo zokuzikhulula emkhathini. Ukwengeza, lolu cwaningo lungasisiza sihlonze izingozi zempilo ezingaba khona futhi sakhe izinyathelo zokuvimbela ezifanele.
Sengiphetha, ukuqonda inqubo yokuthi osomkhathi benza kanjani ngesikhathi sohambo lwabo lwasemkhathini kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe inhlalakahle yabo nokusebenza kwabo emkhathini. Ngokuklama okucophelelayo kanye nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bezinhlelo zezindlu zangasese zasemkhathini, enye yezinselelo eziyisisekelo kodwa ezibucayi ekuphileni kwansuku zonke kosonkanyezi isixazululiwe.
Ukusuka ekunakeni kuya emininingwaneni ekudaleni izindlu zangasese phakathi kwemikhumbi-mkhathi, ukuya ekuqondeni isayensi yemvelo kanye nezici zemvelo ye-microgravity, zonke izici zicatshangelwe ngokucophelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kanye nenhlanzeko enqubweni yokulahla imfucuza yomzimba.
Osomkhathi bahlinzekwa ngesistimu yokumunca eyinkimbinkimbi nokuhlunga evumela ukuqoqwa okuphephile nokulahlwa komchamo nendle, kuncishiswe ubungozi bokungcola kanye nokugcina indawo efanele impilo nokunethezeka kwabagibeli bemikhumbi-mkhathi.
Nakuba isihloko singase singakhululeki kwabaningi, ukuqonda ukuthi osomkhathi badlala kanjani emkhathini kubalulekile ukuze uqonde inkimbinkimbi nezinselele zokuphila nokusebenza ezindaweni ezingaphandle komhlaba. Ucwaningo oluqhubekayo kanye nokwenza ngcono kule ndawo kunomthelela ekwenzeni uhambo lwesikhathi esizayo lube oluphephile, oluzinzile futhi olunethezeke kakhudlwana kubahloli bethu bendawo abanesibindi.
Ngingu-Sebastián Vidal, unjiniyela wekhompyutha ozifelayo ngobuchwepheshe kanye ne-DIY. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngingumdali we tecnobits.com, lapho ngabelana khona ngezifundo zokwenza ubuchwepheshe bufinyeleleke kakhudlwana futhi buqonde wonke umuntu.