Cómo cambiar la codificación de un archivo de texto a UTF-8 o Windows 1251

Ukubhalwa kwezinhlamvu zohlamvu kuyisici esibalulekile lapho usebenza ngamafayela ombhalo, njengoba kunquma ukuthi izinhlamvu zimelelwa kanjani nokuthi ulwazi lugcinwa kanjani kufayela. Ngezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka ukushintsha umbhalo wekhodi kusuka kufayela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingahunyushwa ngendlela efanele ngamasistimu nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene. Lesi sihloko sizohlola ukuthi ungakushintsha kanjani ukubhala ngekhodi kwefayela lombhalo libe yi-UTF-8 noma i-Windows 1251, amakhodi amabili asetshenziswa kakhulu emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe. Kuzonikezwa imiyalelo ecacile nenembayo ukuze kwenziwe lo msebenzi, ngenhloso yokwenza lula inqubo nokugwema izinkinga zokuhambisana okungenzeka. Uma ufuna ukufunda ukuphatha umbhalo wezinhlamvu emafayilini akho yombhalo, qhubeka ufunda!

1. Isingeniso sombhalo wekhodi wombhalo

Ukubhala ngekhodi amafayela wombhalo kuyinqubo eyisisekelo ekuthuthukisweni kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zekhompyutha namasistimu. Kuqukethe ukwabela inani eliyingqayizivele lenombolo kuhlamvu ngalunye efayeleni lombhalo, elivumela ukumelwa nokuguqulwa kwalo ezisekelweni ezahlukene kanye izinhlelo zokusebenza. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi le nqubo isebenza kanjani, kuyadingeka ukuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zokubhala amakhodi nemithelela yazo.

Kunamazinga amaningana wombhalo wekhodi wombhalo wekhodi, njenge-ASCII, Unicode, ne-UTF-8, ngayinye enezici zayo kanye nezinzuzo zayo. I-ASCII indinganiso endala futhi esekelwa kabanzi, nakuba ingamela kuphela izinhlamvu zesiNgisi nezinye izimpawu ezikhethekile. I-Unicode, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iyindinganiso yesimanjemanje futhi ebanzi engamela izinhlamvu ezivela kuzo zonke izinhlamvu nemibhalo.

Izinga le-UTF-8, elisekelwe ku-Unicode, lisetshenziswa kabanzi ngenxa yokusebenza kahle nokuhambisana ne-ASCII. Ivumela ukumelwa kwezinhlamvu zanoma yiluphi ulimi futhi iqinisekisa nokuthi amafayela ahlala efundeka lapho edluliswa phakathi kwamasistimu nezinkundla ezahlukene. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi lezi zindinganiso zokubhala amakhodi zisebenza kanjani nokuthi ungakhetha kanjani elifanele kuhlelo lokusebenza ngalunye noma uhlelo.

2. Kungani uguqulele umbhalo wekhodi wefayela ube yi-UTF-8 noma i-Windows 1251?

Ukushintsha umbhalo wekhodi wefayela ube yi-UTF-8 noma i-Windows 1251 kungase kudingeke ezimeni ezithile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinhlamvu ziboniswa ngendlela efanele. Lokhu kufakwa kwekhodi okubili kusetshenziswa kabanzi futhi kusekelwa kumasistimu amaningi nezinhlelo zokusebenza, okuwenza kube ukukhetha okuvamile lapho kubhekwana nezinkinga zezinhlamvu ezikhethekile.

Uma uhlangabezane nezinhlamvu ezingajwayelekile, izimpawu, noma ungavezi umbhalo ngendlela efanele efayeleni, ungase udinge ukushintsha umbhalo wekhodi uye ku-UTF-8 noma i-Windows 1251. Kokubili imibhalo yekhodi ikuvumela ukuthi umelele uhla olubanzi lwezinhlamvu zezilimi ezahlukene kanye nezinhlelo zokubhala.

Ukuze uguqule umbhalo wekhodi wefayela ube yi-UTF-8, ungalandela lezi zinyathelo:

• Vula ifayela kusihleli sombhalo esisekelwayo.
• Bheka inketho yokushintsha umbhalo wekhodi noma inketho ethi "Londoloza Njenge".
• Khetha i-UTF-8 ohlwini lwezinketho zombhalo wekhodi.
• Londoloza ifayela ngombhalo wekhodi omusha.

Uma ukhetha ukushintsha umbhalo wekhodi ube Windows 1251, izinyathelo zizofana:

• Vula ifayela kusihleli sombhalo esisekelwayo.
• Bheka inketho yokushintsha umbhalo wekhodi noma inketho ethi "Londoloza Njenge".
• Khetha Windows 1251 ohlwini lwezinketho zokubethela.
• Londoloza ifayela ngombhalo wekhodi omusha.

Khumbula ukuthi ukushintsha umbhalo wekhodi wefayela kungaba nomthelela endleleni umbhalo ovezwa ngayo ezinhlelweni zokusebenza nezinhlelo ezahlukene. Qiniseka ukuthi ubheka ukuthi ifayela libukeka kanjani ngemuva kokushintsha umbhalo wekhodi futhi, uma kunesidingo, wenze izinguquko ezengeziwe ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi izinhlamvu ziboniswa ngendlela efanele.

3. Izinyathelo zokuqala ngaphambi kokushintsha umbhalo wekhodi wefayela lombhalo

Ngaphambi kokushintsha umbhalo wekhodi wefayela lombhalo, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuqala zokuqinisekisa ukuthi inqubo yenziwa ngendlela efanele. Lezi zinyathelo zizosiza ukuvimbela ukulahleka kolwazi kanye namaphutha okungenzeka kufayela. Ngezansi izinyathelo okufanele uzilandele:

1. Yenza i- isipele del archivo: Ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinguquko kufayela, kutuswa ukuba ukwenze isipele ukugwema ukulahleka kwedatha uma kuba nanoma iyiphi inkinga phakathi nenqubo.

2. Khomba umbhalo wamanje: Kubalulekile ukwazi umbhalo wekhodi wamanje wefayela lombhalo. Lokhu Kungenziwa ukuvula ifayela kusihleli sombhalo bese ubheka inketho yombhalo wekhodi kumenyu. Kwezinye izimo, kungabuye kuqinisekiswe ngokuvula ifayela kusibukeli se-hex.

3. Khetha umbhalo wekhodi omusha: Uma umbhalo wekhodi wamanje sewaziwa, kuyadingeka ukunquma ukuthi yikuphi umbhalo wekhodi omusha okufanele unikezwe wona. Lokhu kuzoncika enjongweni yefayela nesethi yohlamvu odinga ukuyisebenzisa. Umbhalo wekhodi ovame kakhulu yi-UTF-8, UTF-16 ne-ISO-8859-1. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ezinye izinhlamvu efayelini zingase zingahambisani nombhalo wekhodi omusha okhethiwe, okungase kuphumele ekushintsheni kwezinhlamvu noma ekulahlekeni.

4. Indlela 1: Shintsha umbhalo wekhodi wefayela lombhalo libe yi-UTF-8

Uma uzithola udinga ukushintsha umbhalo wekhodi ku-UTF-8, nansi indlela elula yokufeza lokhu. Le nqubo iwusizo uma ifayela linezinhlamvu ezingaziwa noma ezingafundeki ngenxa yombhalo wekhodi ongalungile. Ukuze ulungise le nkinga, mane ulandele izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

1. Vula ifayela lombhalo enomhleli wombhalo ohambisanayo, njenge-Notepad++ noma Umbhalo Ophansi. Laba bahleli bakuvumela ukuthi uguqule umbhalo wekhodi wefayela ngendlela elula.

2. Hlola umbhalo wekhodi wamanje yefayela ngokuvula izinketho noma izici zefayela kusihleli sombhalo. Lapho ungathola umbhalo wekhodi osetshenziswa njengamanje, okungaba ANSI, UTF-8, UTF-16, phakathi kokunye.

5. Indlela yesi-2: Guqula umbhalo wekhodi ube yi-Windows 1251

Uma unefayela lombhalo futhi udinga ukuguqulela umbhalo wekhodi kube Windows 1251, ungalandela lezi zinyathelo ukuze ulungise inkinga:

1. Okokuqala, qiniseka ukuthi unesihleli sombhalo esifanele esifakiwe esikuvumela ukuthi uguqule umbhalo wekhodi wefayela. Ezinye izinketho ezinconyiwe zifaka i-Notepad++ yeWindows, Umbhalo ongaphansi weWindows, macOS, neLinux, kanye ne-Atom yeWindows, macOS, neLinux.
2. Vula ifayela kusihleli sombhalo. Bese, bheka inketho noma isilungiselelo esikuvumela ukuthi uguqule umbhalo wekhodi. Lokhu kuvame ukutholakala kumenyu ethi “Londoloza Njenge” noma “Londoloza Njengoba Kubethelwe”.
3. Uma usuyitholile inketho yokushintsha umbhalo wekhodi, khetha okuthi “Windows 1251” njengombhalo wekhodi omusha wefayela. Qiniseka ukuthi ukhetha le nketho ngendlela efanele, njengoba ukukhetha umbhalo wekhodi okungalungile kungaholela ezinhlamvwini ezingcolile noma ezihunyushwe kabi.

Ngemuva kokulandela lezi zinyathelo, ifayela lakho lombhalo lizoshintshwa ngempumelelo libe yi-Windows 1251 encoding. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yibuphi ubunzima phakathi nale nqubo, kuyancomeka ukuthi ubheke okokufundisa okuqondene nesihleli sombhalo osisebenzisayo.

6. Ukuhlola nokuxazulula inkinga lapho ushintsha umbhalo wekhodi wefayela

Lapho ushintsha umbhalo wekhodi wefayela, ungase uhlangabezane nezinkinga ezihlobene nokuboniswa noma ukuphathwa kwezinhlamvu ezikhethekile. Nokho, lezi zinkinga zingalungiswa ngokulandela izinyathelo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile:

1. Thola inkinga: into yokuqala okufanele siyenze ukunquma ukuthi hlobo luni lwenkinga esibhekene nayo. Izinhlamvu zingase ziboniswe ngokungalungile, izimpawu ezingajwayelekile zingavela, noma ifayela lingase lingavuleki ngendlela efanele. Ukuhlonza inkinga ethile kuzosisiza ukuthi sithole isisombululo esifanele.

2. Hlola umbhalo wekhodi wamanje: Ngaphambi kokushintsha umbhalo wekhodi wefayela, kubalulekile ukuhlola ukuthi kuyini umbhalo wamanje. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokuvula ifayela kusihleli sombhalo bese ubheka inketho yombhalo wekhodi noma ngokusebenzisa ithuluzi lokuthola umbhalo wekhodi. Ukwazi umbhalo wekhodi wamanje kuzosivumela ukuthi sikhethe ukubhala ngekhodi okulungile lapho sikushintsha.

3. Shintsha ukubhala ngekhodi kwefayela: Uma sesiyibonile inkinga futhi sesibuyekeze umbhalo wamanje, singaqhubeka nokukushintsha. Lokhu kungenziwa kusetshenziswa isihleli sombhalo esifana ne-Sublime Text, Notepad++ noma Ikhodi ye-Visual Studio. Sibheka inketho yokushintsha umbhalo wekhodi bese sikhetha leyo esiyibona ifaneleka kakhulu kufayela lethu. Kubalulekile ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi ulondoloza ifayela ngombhalo wekhodi omusha ukuze izinguquko zisetshenziswe ngendlela efanele.

7. Ukucatshangelwa okwengeziwe Lapho Ushintsha Umbhalo Wekhodi Wefayela Lombhalo

Lapho ushintsha umbhalo wekhodi wefayela, kunokucatshangelwa okwengeziwe okufanele sikucabangele ukuze sigweme izinkinga ezingaba khona. Ngezansi kukhona izincomo namathiphu okwenza le nqubo ngempumelelo:

1. Yenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni yefayela lokuqala: Ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinguquko ekubhalweni ngekhodi kwefayela, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unesipele sefayela lokuqala. Ngale ndlela, uma kwenzeka kwenzeka iphutha phakathi nenqubo, singakwazi ukubuyisela inguqulo yokuqala ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa idatha.

2. Sebenzisa ithuluzi elifanele: Kunamathuluzi ahlukahlukene atholakalayo akuvumela ukuthi uguqule umbhalo wekhodi wefayela lombhalo. Kubalulekile ukukhetha ithuluzi elithembekile elisinika izinketho ezicacile nezilula zokwenza lolu shintsho. Amanye amathuluzi aziwa kakhulu afaka i-EditPlus, i-Sublime Text, ne-Notepad++.

8. Amathuluzi anconyiwe nesofthiwe ukushintsha umbhalo wekhodi wefayela

Kulesi sigaba, sizohlinzeka ngohlu lwamathuluzi anconyiwe nesofthiwe ezokusiza ukuthi uguqule umbhalo wekhodi wefayela ngempumelelo. Qiniseka ukuthi ulandela isinyathelo ngasinye ngokucophelela ukuze ugweme amaphutha okungenzeka noma ukulahleka kwedatha.

1. Abahleli bombhalo abathuthukile: Enye yezinketho ezivame kakhulu zokushintsha umbhalo wekhodi ukusebenzisa umhleli wombhalo oseqophelweni eliphezulu njengombhalo ongaphansi noma i-Notepad++. Lezi zinhlelo zikuvumela ukuthi uvule ifayela bese ukhetha umbhalo owufunayo ngokusebenzisa inketho ethi "Londoloza Njenge". Ngaphezu kwalokho, bahlinzeka ngemisebenzi ehlukahlukene ukuze kube lula ukuhlela nokubuka ifayela.

2. Iziguquli zombhalo wekhodi: Uma ufuna ukushintsha umbhalo wekhodi wamafayela amaningana ngesikhathi esisodwa, ungasebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile njenge-iconv noma ikhodi kabusha. Lezi zinhlelo zikuvumela ukuthi uguqule amafayela kusuka ohlotsheni lombhalo wekhodi uye kolunye ngokushesha futhi kalula. Khumbula ukuthi kubalulekile ukwenza isipele amafayela akho ngaphambi kokwenza noma yikuphi ukuguqulwa.

3. Imibhalo nezinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo: Uma udinga ukushintsha ukubhala ngekhodi kwenombolo enkulu yamafayela njalo, kungase kusize ukwakha imibhalo yakho siqu noma izinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo. Isibonelo, ungasebenzisa i-Python kanye nomtapo wezincwadi we-chardet ukuze uhlonze ngokuzenzakalelayo umbhalo wekhodi wefayela bese uwuguqulela ekubhalweni kwekhodi oyifunayo.

Khumbula ukuthi kubalulekile ukuqonda ukubaluleka kokukhetha umbhalo wekhodi ofanele wamafayela akho, njengoba kungenjalo kungabangela izinkinga zokubonisa noma ukutolika okungalungile kwedatha. Zizwe ukhululekile ukuhlola ikhophi yefayela lakho ngaphambi kokwenza izinguquko zokugcina.

9. Amathiphu Okuphatha Okuphumelelayo Kombhalo Wekhodi Wombhalo Wekhodi

Ukuphatha okuphumelelayo kombhalo wekhodi wombhalo kubalulekile ukuze uqinisekise ukuboniswa okulungile nokucutshungulwa kolwazi. Nawa amanye amathiphu angakusiza ukuthi uphathe le nqubo ngempumelelo:

1. Funda ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zokubhala amakhodi: Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukusebenza ngamafayela ombhalo, kubalulekile ukuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zombhalo wekhodi, njenge-UTF-8, ASCII, noma ISO-8859-1. Uhlobo ngalunye lunezici zalo kanye nemikhawulo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukukhetha umbhalo ofanele wephrojekthi yakho.
2. Utiliza herramientas de conversión: Uma udinga ukushintsha ukubhala ngekhodi kwefayela lombhalo, kunamathuluzi amaningana atholakalayo ukukusiza kule nqubo. Ungasebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza eziku-inthanethi, njengokuthi "iconv", ezikuvumela ukuthi uguqule kalula ifomethi yefayela. Ukwengeza, abahleli bombhalo abaningi banenketho yokushintsha umbhalo wekhodi kuzilungiselelo zabo.
3. Yenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele: Ngemva kokufaka ikhodi yefayela lombhalo, kubalulekile ukwenza ukuhlola okubanzi ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ulwazi lubonisiwe futhi lucutshungulwe ngendlela efanele. Lokhu kubandakanya ukubuyekeza isibonisi ku amadivayisi ahlukene namasistimu okusebenza, kanye nokwenza izivivinyo zokucubungula ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile. Lapho wenza lezi zivivinyo, qiniseka ukuthi ucabangela izinhlamvu ezikhethekile nama-accents, njengoba lokhu kungase kuthikamezeke ngombhalo wekhodi.

10. Ukuqhathanisa phakathi kwe-UTF-8 ne-Windows 1251: Izinzuzo nokungalungi

I-UTF-8 ne-Windows 1251 amasethi ezinhlamvu ezimbili ezidumile asetshenziswa ekubhalweni kwekhodi yombhalo. Nakuba bobabili benezinzuzo zabo kanye nokubi, kubalulekile ukuqonda umehluko wabo ukuze unqume ukuthi iyiphi evumelana kangcono nezidingo zakho.

Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko ze-UTF-8 yikhono layo lokumela izinhlamvu ezihlukene, ezihlanganisa isiLatini, isiGreki, isiCyrillic, izinhlamvu zezinhlamvu zesiShayina, nezinye eziningi. Ukwesekwa kwayo kwe-Unicode kuyenza ibe yisinqumo esihle uma udinga ukusebenza ngemibhalo enezilimi eziningi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Windows 1251 ivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ze-Windows futhi ifaneleka kakhulu imibhalo yezilimi ezifana nesiRashiya nezinye izilimi ezisekelwe kuzinhlamvu zesiCyrillic.

Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-UTF-8 ingadinga indawo yokugcina eyengeziwe uma iqhathaniswa ne-Windows 1251 ukumela izinhlamvu ezikhethekile, ezingase zibe nomthelela ekusebenzeni kwezinye izimo. Ukwengeza, i-UTF-8 ingabangela izinkinga zokusebenzisana nezinhlelo zokusebenza namasistimu angayisekeli ngokwemvelo i-Unicode. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Windows 1251 ingase ingaguquguquki kancane ngokwemibandela yokusekelwa kwamasethi abalingiswa abahlukene, ikakhulukazi uma udinga ukusebenza ngemibhalo enezilimi eziningi.

Ngamafuphi, ukukhetha phakathi kwe-UTF-8 ne-Windows 1251 kuncike kakhulu ohlotsheni lombhalo nezinhlamvu okudingeka usebenze nazo. Uma udinga umbhalo wekhodi osekela izinhlobonhlobo zezilimi nezinhlamvu, i-UTF-8 iyisinqumo esifanele kunazo zonke. Kodwa-ke, uma ugxile kakhulu olimini oluthile, ikakhulukazi izilimi ezisuselwa kuzinhlamvu zamagama zesiCyrillic, iWindows 1251 ingaba inketho engcono kakhulu. Qiniseka ukuthi uhlola izidingo zakho futhi ucabangele izinzuzo nezingozi zenketho ngayinye ngaphambi kokwenza isinqumo sokugcina!

11. Izimo ezivamile zokusetshenziswa kohlobo ngalunye lombhalo wekhodi

Emkhakheni wokufaka amakhodi, kukhona amaningana. Lezi zimo zokusetshenziswa zichaza ukuthi indlela ngayinye etholakalayo yokwenza amakhodi kufanele isetshenziswe kanjani futhi nini. Ngezansi kunezibonelo ezithile zezibonelo zombhalo wekhodi osetshenziswa kakhulu:

• Base64: Lokhu kubhala ngekhodi kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuguqula idatha kanambambili ibe isethulo sombhalo se-ASCII. Iwusizo ikakhulukazi uma udinga ukudlulisa noma ukugcina idatha kanambambili endaweni yombhalo kuphela, njengamasistimu e-imeyili. Iphinde isetshenziswe ekuthuthukisweni kwewebhu ukuhlanganisa izithombe ezishumekiwe efayeleni le-HTML nokunciphisa usayizi wokudlulisa.
• URL Encoding: Lokhu kubhala ngekhodi kusetshenziswa kakhulu ukudlulisa ulwazi ngama-URL. Isetshenziselwa ukuguqula izinhlamvu ezikhethekile, njengezikhala nezimpawu ezingezona izinombolo nezinombolo, zibe ukulandelana kokuphunyuka okungahunyushwa ngendlela efanele isiphequluli sewebhu. Ibalulekile ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zewebhu eziphatha amapharamitha e-URL, njengoba ivimbela izinhlamvu ezikhethekile ukuthi ziphazamise ukwakheka kwe-URL.
• Umbhalo wekhodi we-HTML: Lokhu kufakwa kwekhodi kusetshenziselwa ukumela izinhlamvu ezikhethekile ngaphakathi kwamadokhumenti e-HTML. Ikuvumela ukuthi ubonise izimpawu ezifana nokuthi «<" kanye ">» ngaphandle kokuthi zitolikwe njengengxenye yekhodi ye-HTML. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ubuqiniso nokuvikeleka kwe- amawebhusayithi, njengoba igwema izinkinga ezifana nokutolikwa okungalungile kwezinhlamvu ezikhethekile yisiphequluli kanye nokujovwa okungenzeka kwekhodi enonya kube amafomu namazwana.

Lezi ezinye zezibonelo nje ze. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lombhalo wekhodi okufanele lusetshenziswe esimweni ngasinye ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukudluliswa okufanele kanye nokusetshenziswa kwedatha. Ukwengeza, maningi amanye amasu okubethela atholakalayo, futhi ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo kanye nokubi. Ngokwazi kahle lezi zindlela, abathuthukisi bangathuthukisa izinhlelo zabo zokusebenza futhi bathuthukise ulwazi lomsebenzisi wokugcina.

12. Izincomo zokugcina ubuqotho bezinhlamvu lapho ushintsha umbhalo wekhodi

Ngezansi sizokunikeza izincomo ezithile zokuqinisekisa ubuqotho bezinhlamvu lapho ushintsha umbhalo wekhodi wedokhumenti:

1. Ngaphambi kokushintsha umbhalo wekhodi, yenza ikhophi eyisipele yefayela lokuqala. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi ubuyisele izinguquko uma kwenzeka kukhona okungahambi kahle.
2. Sebenzisa ithuluzi elikhethekile ukuze uguqule umbhalo wefayela. Ungathola izinhlelo noma imibhalo eyenza lo msebenzi ngokuzenzakalelayo, ugweme amaphutha avamile futhi uqinisekise ukunemba kwenqubo.
3. Uma ukhetha ukukwenza mathupha, qiniseka ukuthi uyakwazi ukubhala ngekhodi kwamanje kwedokhumenti. Ungasebenzisa umhleli wombhalo oseqophelweni eliphezulu ukukukhombisa lolu lwazi, noma usebenzise imiyalo kulayini womyalo, kuye ngokuthi isistimu esebenzayo oyisebenzisayo.
4. Lapho ushintsha umbhalo wekhodi, khumbula ukuthi ezinye izinhlamvu ezikhethekile zingase zingasekelwa umbhalo wekhodi omusha okhethiwe. Ngaphambi kokuthi uqhubeke, hlola ukuthi umbhalo wekhodi omusha uyahambisana yini nezinhlamvu ezitholakala kudokhumenti yokuqala.
5. Ngemva kokushintsha umbhalo wekhodi, buyekeza idokhumenti ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi izinhlamvu ziboniswa ngendlela efanele. Naka ngokukhethekile labo ababenezinkinga ngaphambi koshintsho lwamakhodi.
6. Uma usahlangabezana nezinkinga ngobuqotho bezinhlamvu ngemva kokushintsha umbhalo wekhodi, ungazama ukusebenzisa amathuluzi okuthola izinhlamvu ezimbi kanye nokulungisa. Lawa mathuluzi azokuvumela ukuthi ubone futhi ulungise izinhlamvu ezingavezwanga ngendlela efanele.

Ngokulandela lezi zincomo ungakwazi ukugcina ubuqotho bezinhlamvu lapho ushintsha umbhalo wekhodi wamadokhumenti akho. Ngaso sonke isikhathi khumbula ukwenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinguquko futhi usebenzise amathuluzi akhethekile ukuze uqinisekise ukunemba kwenqubo. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi ugweme izinkinga futhi uqinisekise ukuthi izinhlamvu ziboniswa ngendlela efanele ngefomethi entsha.

13. Amasu Athuthukile Okuthutha Umbhalo Wekhodi Wamafayela Amaningi uye ku-UTF-8 noma i-Windows 1251

Ukuthutha umbhalo wekhodi wamafayela amaningi uye ku-UTF-8 noma Windows 1251 kungaba inselele, kodwa ngamasu athuthukile alungile, kungenzeka ukuxazulula le nkinga. ngempumelelo. Lesi sihloko sizohlinzeka ngochungechunge lwezinyathelo ezinemininingwane ezizokuqondisa kuyo yonke inqubo.

1. Khomba amafayela: Into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukuhlonza wonke amafayela adinga ukuthutha umbhalo wawo wekhodi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa kokubili amafayela namafayela angaphakathi kwamafolda noma amafolda amancane. Ungasebenzisa imiyalo yomugqa womyalo noma amathuluzi okusesha athuthukile ukwenza lesi sinyathelo sibe lula.

2. Guqula amafayela: Uma usuwahlonze wonke amafayela, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuguqula umbhalo wawo wekhodi ube yi-UTF-8 noma i-Windows 1251. Kunamathuluzi ahlukahlukene nezindlela ezitholakalayo zokwenza lokhu kuguqulwa. Ungasebenzisa abahleli bombhalo abathuthukile abakuvumela ukuthi uguqule umbhalo wekhodi, njenge-Notepad++ noma Umbhalo Ophansi. Ungaphinda ubhale imibhalo yangokwezifiso noma amamakhro ukuze wenze inqubo ngokuzenzakalelayo.

14. Iziphetho nezindlela ezihamba phambili uma ushintsha umbhalo wekhodi wefayela lombhalo

Uma ushintsha umbhalo wekhodi wefayela lombhalo, kubalulekile ukucabangela iziphetho ezithile kanye nemikhuba engcono kakhulu ezosivumela ukuthi senze lo msebenzi. ngempumelelo futhi ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Ngezansi izincomo zokugcina nokucatshangelwa okufanele ukukhumbule:

1. Yenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni yefayela lokuqala: Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nanoma yiziphi izinguquko ekubhalweni kwekhodi kwefayela, kubalulekile ukwenza ikhophi eyisipele yefayela lokuqala. Ngale ndlela, uma kwenzeka noma iyiphi inkinga phakathi nenqubo, singabuyela enguqulweni yokuqala ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa idatha.

2. Sebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile: Kunamathuluzi ahlukahlukene akhethekile angasisiza ukuthi siguqule umbhalo wekhodi wefayela lombhalo kalula futhi ngokushesha. Lawa mathuluzi ngokuvamile anikeza izinketho zokukhetha umbhalo wekhodi womthombo kanye nombhalo wekhodi wendawo, kanye nekhono lokuguqula amafayela amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Amanye amathuluzi adumile afaka i-Notepad++ kanye ne-Sublime Text.

3. Hlola umphumela wokugcina: Uma sesenze ushintsho lombhalo wekhodi, kubalulekile ukuhlola umphumela wokugcina ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ifayela liboniswa ngendlela efanele. Lokhu kuhilela ukuvula ifayela ezinhlelweni ezahlukene kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ukuze kubhekwe ukuthi izinhlamvu nezimpawu ziboniswa ngendlela efanele yini. Uma sithola noma yiziphi izinkinga, kungase kudingeke senze izinguquko ezengeziwe ekubhaleni ngekhodi noma sisebenzise amathuluzi okuthola izinhlamvu nawokulungisa.

Kafushane, ukushintsha ukubhalwa kwekhodi kwefayela lombhalo libe yi-UTF-8 noma i-Windows 1251 kungabaluleka ukuqinisekisa ukufundeka nokutolikwa okufanele kwezinhlamvu ezikhethekile. ezinhlelweni ezahlukene kanye nezicelo. Ngenhlanhla, le nqubo ingenziwa kalula futhi ngokushesha ngokulandela izinyathelo ezifanele. Kulesi sihloko, sihlole izindlela ezahlukene ezitholakalayo zokwenza lolu shintsho, kungaba ngabahleli bombhalo abakhethekile, imiyalo kutheminali, noma amathuluzi aku-inthanethi. Inketho ngayinye inezinzuzo kanye nokubi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuyihlola ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zomuntu ngamunye kanye nezintandokazi. Ngokwazi kahle le nqubo, abasebenzisi bazokwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nokuboniswa okulungile kwezinhlamvu kumafayela abo ombhalo, okuvumela ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo nokungenazihibe ezindaweni ezikhuluma izilimi eziningi. Ngakho-ke, ukwazi nokuqonda izimiso eziyisisekelo zombhalo wekhodi womlingiswa kuba yikhono elibalulekile nelidingekayo kubo bonke abasebenza ngemibhalo ezinhlelweni zamakhompiyutha.