Ungacaphuna kanjani i-UN APA

Ukucashunwa okufanele kwemithombo kubalulekile lapho kubhalwa umsebenzi wezemfundo, futhi lokhu kuyasebenza futhi lapho kukhulunywa ngemibhalo nokushicilelwe kweNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene (UN). Kulesi sihloko, sizofunda ukuthi singacaphuna kanjani ngendlela efanele ngokwesitayela se-American Psychological Association (APA), esivumela ukuthi sigcine isethulo sobuchwepheshe nesingathathi hlangothi lapho sikhuluma ngezinsiza ezibalulekile ezinikezwa yile nhlangano ebalulekile yamazwe ngamazwe. Qhubeka ufunde ukuze uthole imihlahlandlela nezibonelo ezisebenzayo zokucaphuna imithombo ye-UN ngokuvumelana neziqondiso ze-APA.

1. Isingeniso sokucaphuna kwe-UN ngokuya ngefomethi ye-APA

Ukucaphuna imithombo kuyingxenye ebalulekile yanoma yimuphi umsebenzi wezemfundo noma wocwaningo, njengoba kuhilela ukunikeza udumo emithonjeni yolwazi olusetshenzisiwe. Kulokhu, isingeniso sengcaphuno sizokwethulwa ngokwefomethi ye-APA (American Psychological Association) kubhekiselwa ku-United Nations (UN).

Ifomethi ye-APA isungula imithetho ethile yokucaphuna ngokulungile imithombo engaphakathi kombhalo nasohlwini lwereferensi ekupheleni komsebenzi. Lo mhlahlandlela uzohlinzeka ngemininingwane nezibonelo Igxathu emvakwe gxathu ukucaphuna ngokufanelekile izincwadi ze-UN. Ukwengeza, kuzofakwa izeluleko zokuthi ungacaphuna kanjani izinhlobo ezahlukene zemibhalo, njengemibiko, izinqumo nezivumelwano.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukucaphuna okufanele kusiza ukugwema ukukopela futhi kukhombisa inhlonipho kubabhali bokuqala, kanye nokuvumela abafundi ukuthi balandelele imithombo ekhonjiwe futhi bafunde okwengeziwe ngesihloko. Kuso sonke lesi sigaba, izibonelo ezinemifanekiso zizokwethulwa futhi kuzonikezwa amathuluzi awusizo ukuze kube lula ukucaphuna kwe-APA kokushicilelwe kwe-UN.

2. Okuyisisekelo kokucaphuna ngesitayela se-APA

Isitayela sokucaphuna se-APA (American Psychological Association) sisetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni zemfundo ezifana nokusebenza kwengqondo, isayensi yezenhlalo, kanye nezemfundo. Lesi sitayela sisekelwe ochungechungeni lwezisekelo okufanele zilandelwe lapho kucashunwa imithombo yomsebenzi wezemfundo.

Esinye sezisekelo ezibaluleke kakhulu kwisitayela se-APA ukucaphuna ngokunembile imithombo esetshenzisiwe, kokubili embhalweni nasohlwini lwezinkomba ekupheleni komsebenzi. Ukuze ucaphune umbhali embhalweni, kufanele ufake isibongo sombhali kanye nonyaka okushicilelwe ngawo umsebenzi okhonjiwe, ohlukaniswe ngekhoma. Ohlwini lwezinkomba, igama eliphelele lombhali, unyaka wokushicilelwa, isihloko somsebenzi kanye nedatha yokushicilelwa kufanele kufakwe.

Esinye isici esibalulekile ukwethulwa okwanele kwezingcaphuno zezwi nezwi ezishiwo ngamagama. Imibhalo ecashuniwe kufanele ifakwe ezimpawu zokucaphuna bese ilandelwa isibongo sombhali, unyaka wokushicilelwa kanye nenombolo yekhasi okuthathwe kuyo leyo quotation. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izingcaphuno ezihlaziywe azidingi izimpawu zokucaphuna, kodwa isibongo sombhali kanye nonyaka okushicilelwe kufanele kuphawulwe. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi zonke izingcaphuno kufanele zihambisane nereferensi yazo ehambisanayo ohlwini lwereferensi.

3. Ungacaphuna kanjani imibhalo ye-UN ngesitayela se-APA

Imibhalo yeNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene (UN) iyizinsiza ezibalulekile zocwaningo lwezemfundo nolwengcweti. Ukuze ucaphune kahle lawa madokhumenti ngesitayela se-APA, udinga ukulandela imihlahlandlela ethile. Lapha ethulwa izinyathelo okufanele zilandelwe:

1. Thola ulwazi olubalulekile lombhalo: Ngaphambi kokuqala ukucaphuna, kubalulekile ukuqoqa ulwazi olulandelayo: umbhali (uma ekhona), unyaka wokushicilelwa, isihloko sombhalo, inombolo yombhalo (uma ikhona) kanye iwebhusayithi ye-UN.

2. Ukucaphuna umbiko weNhlangano Yezizwe: Uma ucaphuna umbiko, ukwakheka kwengcaphuno kufanele kube kanje: Isibongo, Isiqalo sombhali. (Unyaka). Isihloko sombiko (Inombolo yedokhumenti). Kubuyiswe ku-URL. Isibonelo: Smith, J. (2022). Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu endaweni Ikhulu lama-21 (Umbiko No. 1234). Kubuyiswe ku-https://www.un.org/climatechange-report.

3. Ukucaphuna isinqumo seNhlangano Yezizwe: Uma ucaphuna isinqumo, ukwakheka kwengcaphuno kufanele kube kanje: Isihloko Sesinqumo, inombolo yesinqumo (Unyaka). Isibonelo: Isinqumo Ngamalungelo Abantu, Isinqumo 1234 (2020). Kulokhu, i-URL ayidingeki njengoba izinqumo zivame ukutholakala kumarekhodi asemthethweni e-UN.

Ngaso sonke isikhathi khumbula ukuhlola izidingo ezithile zesikhungo sakho semfundo noma ingqungquthela ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi okucashuniwe kuyahlangabezana namazinga azo. Ukucaphuna kahle amadokhumenti e-UN ngesitayela se-APA kubalulekile ukuze usekele izimpikiswano zakho futhi uqinisekise ukwethembeka kwemithombo yakho.

4. Caphula imibiko ye-UN ngefomethi ye-APA: Imihlahlandlela eyisisekelo

Ukucaphuna umbiko we-UN ngefomethi ye-APA kungase kudide uma ungazazi iziqondiso eziyisisekelo. Ngenhlanhla, ngosizo lweziqondiso ezithile ezicacile, le nqubo Kungaba lula kakhulu. Kulokhu okuthunyelwe, sizokwabelana ngezinyathelo okufanele sizilandele ukuze sicaphune kahle umbiko we-UN ngesitayela se-APA.

1. Ukucaphuna umbiko we-UN, kufanele uqale ngokukhomba umthombo. Lokhu kubandakanya umbhali(ababhali), isihloko sombiko, usuku lokushicilela, kanye nenombolo kamazisi yombiko, uma ikhona.

2. Uma usunalo lonke ulwazi oludingekayo, ukwakheka kwengcaphuno kufanele kulandele ifomethi elandelayo: umbhali(ababhali) (usuku). Isihloko sombiko. Inombolo kamazisi (uma ikhona). Kubuyiswe ku-URI

3. Khumbula ukuthi i-URI isho isixhumanisi noma i-URL lapho umbiko utholakala khona. Uma ufaka ikheli lewebhu, qiniseka ukuthi lifundeka ngokuphelele futhi lisebenza ngendlela efanele.

Ngokulandela lezi ziqondiso eziyisisekelo, uzokwazi ukucaphuna kahle imibiko ye-UN ngefomethi ye-APA. Hlala ukhumbula ukuthi unemba futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ulwazi olunikezayo luphelele futhi lusesikhathini samanje. Ukucaphuna imithombo efanele kubalulekile ukuze unikeze ababhali udumo nokuhlonipha amazinga ezemfundo.

5. Izingcaphuno zezinqumo ze-UN ngesitayela se-APA: Amazinga nezibonelo

Izingcaphuno zezinqumo ze-UN ngesitayela se-APA ziyingxenye ebalulekile yocwaningo lwezemfundo. Lezi zingcaphuno zinikeza ulwazi oludingekayo ukuze kusetshenziswe ireferensi efanele kanye nokuqashelwa kwemithombo esetshenzisiwe. Ngezansi kunemithetho nezibonelo zokucaphuna izinqumo ze-UN ngokwesitayela se-APA.

Ukuze usho isinqumo se-UN ngesitayela se-APA, kufanele ufake igama eliphelele lesinqumo, inombolo yesinqumo, igama eliphelele lenhlangano ye-UN ekhiphe isinqumo, usuku lokutholwa, kanye nenombolo yekhasi ngaphakathi kwedokhumenti. Ngokwesibonelo:

• I-United Nations General Assembly Resolution 61/295, Ukuvikelwa kanye nokukhuthazwa kwamalungelo abantu: izimo ngabanye kanye namacala. Kuthathwe ngoSepthemba 13, 2007, p. 3.

Endabeni yokucaphuna isinqumo esithile, igama leseshini lifakwa kusithenjwa. Ngokwesibonelo:

• Isinqumo soMkhandlu Wezokuphepha 242 (1967). S/RES/242 (1967), November 22, 1967, k. 10.

6. Ukucashunwa kwezivumelwano nezivumelwano ze-UN ngendlela ye-APA

Ngesitayela se-APA, izingcaphuno zezivumelwano nezivumelwano ze-UN zilandela imihlahlandlela ethile. Ngezansi ngizokukhombisa ukuthi ungacaphuna kanjani lolu hlobo lwemibhalo ngendlela efanele.

1. Igama lesivumelwano noma umgomo: Kunkomba yezincwadi, igama eliphelele lesivumelwano noma umhlangano kufanele livele ngomalukeke. Uma igama lilide, lingafushaniswa kusetshenziswa ama-initials, kodwa qiniseka ukuthi unikeza uhlu lwezifinyezo ekugcineni kwedokhumenti.

2. Usuku: Kubalulekile ukufaka usuku isivumelwano noma isivumelwano esasayinwa ngaso. Lokhu kunikeza ulwazi olufanele mayelana nenguqulo ethile obhekisela kuyo. Usuku kufanele luvele ngemva kwegama lesivumelwano noma umhlangano, kubakaki.

3. Indawo okusayinwe kuyo: Ngaphezu kosuku, kumelwe ubonise indawo lapho kusayinwa khona isivumelwano noma umhlangano. Lokhu kusiza ekuhlonzeni idokhumenti ngendlela efanele futhi kubonise ukuhambisana kwayo endaweni ethile. Indawo yesiginesha kufanele ivele ngemva kosuku, ihlukaniswe ngekhoma.

Khumbula ukuthi kubalulekile ukunemba nokungaguquguquki lapho ucaphuna izivumelwano nezivumelwano ze-UN ngesitayela se-APA. Sebenzisa izinsiza ezitholakalayo, njengohlu lwezifinyezo kanye neziqondiso zesitayela se-inthanethi, ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi usebenzisa imithetho ngendlela efanele. Ngale mihlahlandlela, uzokwazi ukusho le mithombo ngokufanelekile nangokunembile emaphepheni akho ezemfundo noma ocwaningo.

7. Ungacaphuna kanjani imibhalo esemthethweni ye-UN ngesitayela se-APA

Kunemihlahlandlela ethile ethile yokucaphuna imibhalo esemthethweni yeNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene (UN) ngesitayela se-APA (American Psychological Association). Ngezansi, sethula umhlahlandlela onemininingwane ozokusiza wenze izingcaphuno ezinembile nezilungile:

1. Thola ulwazi oluyisisekelo lwedokhumenti: Ngaphambi kokuqala ukucaphuna, kubalulekile ukuqoqa ulwazi oludingekayo. Sesha igama eliphelele ledokhumenti, okuhlanganisa nesihloko, inombolo yokushicilela (uma ikhona), usuku lokushicilela, kanye negama lenhlangano ngaphakathi kwe-UN enesibopho sokuyikhipha.

2. Ifomethi yokucaphuna yamadokhumenti aphrintiwe: Uma ucaphuna idokhumenti ephrintiwe, ifomethi yokucaphuna ye-APA imi kanje:
- Ababhali be-UN (uma bekhona). Uma engekho umbhali, sebenzisa igama lenhlangano njengombhali.
- Unyaka wokushicilelwa kubakaki.
– Isihloko esibhalwe omalukeke nosonhlamvukazi sohlamvu lokuqala lwegama lokuqala nemibhalo engezansi ebalulekile.
– Inombolo yokushicilela kubakaki uma ikhona.
- Indawo yokushicilela: Idolobha, Izwe (uma ungaqiniseki, sebenzisa I-New York, I-USA).
– Igama lomshicileli.

3. Ifomethi yokucaphuna yamadokhumenti aku-inthanethi: Uma ucaphuna idokhumenti etholwe ku-inthanethi, ifomethi yokucaphuna ye-APA kufanele ilandele imihlahlandlela efanayo neyamadokhumenti aphrintiwe, kodwa okuhlanganisa i-URL noma isixhumanisi esiqondile sedokhumenti. Ukwengeza, kuwumqondo omuhle ukwengeza idethi yokufinyelela ekupheleni kwekhotheshini ukuze ubonise ukuthi uthole nini ulwazi.

Khumbula ukuthi izingcaphuno ezifanele zibalulekile ukuze ugweme ukukopela futhi unikeze udumo kubabhali bokuqala bemibhalo esemthethweni ye-UN. Ngokulandela le mihlahlandlela, uzokwazi ukwenza izingcaphuno ezinembile ngesitayela se-APA futhi uthuthukise ikhwalithi yamaphepha akho ezemfundo noma ocwaningo.

8. Ukucaphuna izitatimende nezinkulumo ze-UN ngokuya ngefomethi ye-APA

Ukucaphuna izitatimende nezinkulumo ezivela kuNhlangano Yezizwe (UN) ngokwefomethi ye-APA kubalulekile ukuze kusekelwe futhi kunikezwe udumo emithonjeni esetshenziswa emsebenzini wezemfundo. Ngezansi izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokucaphuna kahle lolu hlobo lombhalo usebenzisa isitayela se-APA:

1. Khomba umbhali wesitatimende noma inkulumo. Endabeni ye-UN, umenzi wobubi ngokuvamile kuyoba inhlangano ngokwayo.

2. Faka unyaka incwadi eyakhishwa ngawo kubakaki. Uma unyaka othile ungatholakali, sebenzisa isifinyezo esithi “sf” (alukho usuku).

3. Cacisa isihloko sesitatimende noma inkulumo ebhalwe ngomalukeke noma ezimpawu zokucaphuna, kulandelwe igama elithi “Isitatimende” noma “Inkulumo” kubakaki abayisikwele. Uma idokhumenti ingenaso isihloko esithile, ungasebenzisa incazelo emfushane kodwa ecacile.

Ngezansi isibonelo sendlela yokucaphuna isitatimende se-UN ngokwefomethi ye-APA:

UN [unyaka«Isihloko sesitatimende noma inkulumo» [Isitatimende/Inkulumo]. Itholwe kusukela I-URL.

Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi, uma ufinyelele idokhumenti ku-inthanethi, kufanele ufake i-URL okutholwe kuyo isitatimende noma inkulumo. Uma idokhumenti ikufomethi ephrintiwe, akudingekile ukuthi ufake i-URL. Khumbula ukuthi kubalulekile ukulandela imithetho neziqondiso ezisungulwe ifomethi ye-APA ukuze uqinisekise ukunemba nokuba semthethweni komsebenzi wakho wezemfundo.

9. Izingcaphuno ezivela kumamagazini e-UN ngesitayela se-APA

Izingcaphuno ezivela ezincwadini ze-UN, ezifana nomagazini namaphephandaba, kufanele zilungiswe ngokulandela isitayela se-APA (American Psychological Association). Lesi sitayela sisebenzisa isakhiwo esithile ukuze sicaphune imithombo yolwazi ngendlela efanele. Ngezansi kunemihlahlandlela yokucaphuna amaphephabhuku e-UN ngesitayela se-APA:

1. Um(Aba)bhali: Isibongo kanye nama-initials ombhali noma ababhali kufanele kuhlinzekwe. Uma engekho umbhali okhonjiwe, igama lenhlangano ye-UN noma i-ejensi kufanele lifakwe ohlwini njengombhali.

2. Unyaka wokushicilelwa: Unyaka wokushicilelwa kufanele ufakwe kubakaki ngemuva kwegama lombhali.

3. Isihloko se-athikili: Isihloko se-athikili kufanele sibe ngomalukeke kanye nohlamvu lokuqala lwesihloko futhi noma yimuphi umbhalo ongezansi kufanele ube ngosonhlamvukazi. Isihloko se-athikili kufanele silandelwe yinkathi.

4. Isihloko semagazini: Isihloko semagazini kufanele sibe ngomalukeke futhi kufanele sibhalwe ngokugcwele. Kumele ilandelwe yikhoma.

5. Inombolo yevolumu nenombolo yokukhishwa: Uma i-athikili inenombolo yevolumu nenombolo yokukhishwa, lezi kufanele zinikezwe ngemuva kwesihloko sejenali, zihlukaniswe ngekhoma.

6. Amakhasi we-athikili: Amakhasi lapho i-athikili itholakala khona kufanele anikezwe ngemuva kwenombolo yevolumu kanye nenombolo yokukhishwa, ehlukaniswe i-hyphen.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izingcaphuno zesitayela se-APA kufanele zihambisane kulo lonke uhlu lwereferensi. Ngakho-ke, qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa le mihlahlandlela kuzo zonke izingcaphuno zezikhathi ze-UN ephepheni lakho locwaningo.

10. Ukucashunwa kwemithombo ye-elekthronikhi ye-UN ngefomethi ye-APA

Izingcaphuno zemithombo ye-elekthronikhi ye-UN ngefomethi ye-APA zilandela imihlahlandlela ethile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ireferensi elungile kanye nokubalulwa kolwazi olusetshenzisiwe. Ngezansi, izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokucaphuna imithombo ye-elekthronikhi ye-UN izochazwa ngokuhambisana nayo Izindinganiso ze-APA.

1. Umbhali: Uma umbhali ehlinzekelwe ngomthombo we-elekthronikhi, isibongo sakhe kanye nama-initials kufanele afakwe. Uma engekho umbhali ongakhonjwa, igama lenhlangano lingasetshenziswa njengombhali.

2. Unyaka wokushicilelwa: Unyaka umthombo we-elekthronikhi oshicilelwe ngawo noma idethi yakamuva kakhulu obuyekezwe ngayo kufanele unikezwe. Kunconywa ukuthi ufake lolu lwazi kubakaki, ngokushesha ngemva kwegama lombhali.

3. Isihloko somthombo: Isihloko somthombo we-elekthronikhi kufanele sibe ngomalukeke noma ngokugqamile, futhi uhlamvu lokuqala lwegama ngalinye elibalulekile kufanele lubhalwe ngosonhlamvukazi. Ukwengeza, incazelo yefomethi kufanele ifakwe kubakaki abayisikwele, njengokuthi [Idokhumenti ye-PDF] noma [Ifayela Levidiyo].

11. Izibonelo ezisebenzayo zengcaphuno ye-UN ngesitayela se-APA

Emisebenzini ehlukahlukene yezemfundo, kuyadingeka ukusho kahle imithombo esetshenzisiwe. I-United Nations (UN) ingumthombo owaziwa kakhulu futhi osetshenziswa ezindaweni ezahlukene zokufunda. Kulesi sihloko, sizokunikeza izibonelo ezisebenzayo zokucaphuna ngesitayela se-APA ukuze ubhekisele kumadokhumenti e-UN.

Okulandelayo kuyaboniswa ezinye izibonelo Ungacaphuna kanjani imibhalo ye-UN ngesitayela se-APA:

1. Ukucashunwa kombiko we-UN:
– Isibongo sombhali, Iziqalo (Unyaka). Isihloko sombiko (Inombolo yombiko). Kubuyiswe [ku-URL yombiko].

Isibonelo: Smith, J. (2022). Ukuthuthukiswa okusimeme eLatin America (Umbiko No. 123). Kubuyiswe [ku-URL yombiko].

2. Ukucashunwa kwesinqumo se-UN:
- Izizwe Ezihlangene. (Unyaka). Isihloko sokulungiswa (Inombolo yokulungiswa). Kubuyiswe kusukela ku-[URL yokulungiswa].

Isibonelo: Inhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene. (2022). Isinqumo mayelana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu (Isinqumo No. 456). Kubuyiswe kusukela ku-[URL yokulungiswa].

3. Ukucashunwa komhlangano we-UN:
– Isihloko somhlangano, Isifinyezo segama lomhlangano, umthamo/usuku, ikhasi.

Isibonelo: Isivumelwano Samalungelo Engane, cin, 1989, 14.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuchaza kahle imithombo esetshenziswe emsebenzini wakho kubalulekile ekunikezeni udumo kubabhali nokugwema ukukopela. Ukwengeza, ukulandela ifomethi elungile yokucaphuna, njengesitayela se-APA, kusiza ukugcina umfaniswano nesakhiwo sochwepheshe emsebenzini wakho wezemfundo. Sebenzisa lezi zibonelo njengomhlahlandlela futhi ubheke imanuwali yesitayela ye-APA ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe yokuthi ungacaphuna kanjani kahle imibhalo ye-UN.

12. Amathiphu awusizo wokucaphuna i-UN ngendlela efanele ngefomethi ye-APA

Uma ucaphuna amagama noma imisebenzi yeNhlangano Yezizwe (UN) ngefomethi ye-APA, kubalulekile ukulandela izindinganiso ezimisiwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba nokwethembeka kolwazi. Lesi sigaba sizohlinzeka ngamathiphu awusizo azokuqondisa endleleni efanele yokucaphuna i-UN ngokuvumelana neziqondiso ze-APA.

1. Khomba umbhali: Esimeni sokucaphuna umbiko noma ukushicilelwa kwe-UN, kubalulekile ukunquma ukuthi ubani umbhali onomthwalo wemfanelo wedokhumenti. Ngokuvamile, i-UN ibhekwa njengomenzi wobubi, kodwa kwezinye izimo ingase ibe namagatsha amancane noma ama-ejensi okuyibo abenzi bobubi bangempela. Qiniseka ukuthi ukhomba kahle umbhali ngaphambi kokucaphuna.

2. Sebenzisa ifomethi efanele: Ku-APA, ifomethi yokucaphuna yokushicilelwa kwe-UN ilandela isakhiwo sombhali, unyaka, isihloko somsebenzi, isihloko somthombo esibhalwe ngomalukeke, ne-URL. Uma idokhumenti ingenayo i-URL, isihlonzi noma ikhodi yezinhlamvu nezinombolo kufanele ihlinzekwe. Qiniseka ukuthi uyahlola Izindinganiso ze-APA ibuyekezwa ukuze kutholwe ifomethi eqondile futhi isetshenziswe ngendlela efanele.

13. Ukubaluleka kokucaphuna okunembile nokufanelekile kwe-UN ngesitayela se-APA

Enye yezindaba ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele icatshangelwe lapho ubhala imibhalo ehlobene ne-UN ukucaphuna okunembile nokufanelekile ngesitayela se-APA. Ukucashunwa okulungile kuqinisekisa ukubonakala nokunemba kolwazi olwethuliwe, kanye nokwaneliseka kwezidingo zesitayela semfundo nokugwema ukukopela. Ngezansi kunemihlahlandlela eyisihluthulelo namathiphu okuqhuba ukubizela okufanelekile nokusebenzayo.

Okokuqala nje, kubalulekile ukwazi izindinganiso ezisungulwe yi-Publication Manual ye-American Psychological Association (APA) ukuze kucashunwe imibhalo ehlobene ne-UN. Lawa mazinga ahlinzeka ngemihlahlandlela ethile yokucaphuna imibiko ye-UN, izivumelwano, izinqumo kanye neminye imibhalo esemthethweni. Ngokulandela le mihlahlandlela, uqinisekisa ukucaphuna okufanayo nokungaguquguquki ngesitayela se-APA.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona amathuluzi aku-inthanethi amahhala angaba usizo kakhulu ekukhiqizeni izingcaphuno ngefomethi ye-APA ngendlela ezenzakalelayo. Lawa mathuluzi asiza kakhulu inqubo yokucaphuna, njengoba udinga kuphela ukufaka ulwazi olufanele njengombhali, isihloko sedokhumenti, idethi yokushicilela, nesixhumanisi, futhi ithuluzi lizokhiqiza ngokuzenzakalelayo ukucaphuna ngefomethi efanele. Ngokusebenzisa lawa mathuluzi, unciphisa ubungozi bokwenza amaphutha ekucaphuneni futhi wonge isikhathi kunqubo.

14. Iziphetho kanye nezincomo zokugcina zokucaphuna i-UN ngokuvumelana namazinga e-APA

Sengiphetha, ukucaphuna kahle i-UN ngokwezindinganiso ze-APA, kubalulekile ukulandela imihlahlandlela esungulwe yi-American Psychological Association. Lokhu kusivumela ukuthi sinikeze ukuqashelwa okwanele kwemithombo okuxoxwe ngayo futhi siqinisekise ubuqotho bezemfundo bomsebenzi wethu.

Kunconywa ukusebenzisa ifomethi yedethi yombhali ukwenza izingcaphuno zombhalo. Isibonelo, uma ufuna ukusho umbiko we-UN mayelana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, kufanele ufake isibongo sombhali noma igama lenhlangano kanye nonyaka wokushicilelwa kubakaki, njengokuthi (UN, 2022). Lolu lwazi kufanele lufane nesithenjwa esigcwele esizofakwa ohlwini lwezithenjwa ekupheleni kwedokhumenti.

Ngokufanayo, kubalulekile ukulandela izindinganiso ze-APA lapho wenza uhlu lwezinkomba. Ulwazi oluphelele mayelana nomthombo okuxoxwe ngawo kufanele lufakwe, okuhlanganisa umbhali, isihloko, unyaka wokushicilelwa, isihloko sokushicilelwe, inombolo yevolumu noma yohlelo (uma ikhona), inombolo yekhasi (uma ikhona), ne-URL (uma ikhona). Kufanele usebenzise ama-indenti alengayo ukuze uthole izinkomba futhi uwahlele ngokulandelana kwama-alfabhethi.

Sengiphetha, ukucaphuna imithombo yeZizwe Ezihlangene (i-UN) ngefomethi ye-APA kudinga ukulandela imihlahlandlela ethile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba nokuhambisana nezindinganiso zemfundo. Kubalulekile ukufaka ulwazi oluphelele nolunembile, njengombhali, isihloko sedokhumenti, inhlangano, idethi yokushicilela, nesixhumanisi se-URL. Ukwengeza, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa imithetho yokufometha esungulwe yi-American Psychological Association (APA) ukwethula ingcaphuno ngendlela efanele. Ngokulandela le mihlahlandlela, abacwaningi nabafundi bangakwazi ukuhlanganisa ngokufanelekile nangempumelelo iminikelo ye-UN emisebenzini yabo yezemfundo, ngaleyo ndlela basekele ubuqiniso negunya lezimpikiswano zabo.