Ungawakha kanjani amagciwane e-PC

Emkhakheni wokuphepha kwekhompiyutha, ukudalwa kwamagciwane e-PC kuyisihloko esivela njalo esidala kokubili isithakazelo nokukhathazeka. Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi impikiswano ngokuziphatha ezungeze ukudalwa nokusetshenziswa kwalezi zinhlelo "ezimbi", kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi zikhula kanjani futhi zisakazeke kanjani, ukuze zilungiselelwe kangcono ukutholwa kwazo kanye nokungakhethi. Kulesi sihloko sizohlola izisekelo zobuchwepheshe ngemuva kokudala amagciwane e-PC, sihlola izindlela eziyinhloko nokucatshangelwa okufanele ochwepheshe bezokuphepha bekhompyutha bakucabangele. Ukugcina isimo sokungathathi hlangothi, umgomo wethu uwukukunikeza ulwazi olubalulekile ukuze ⁤uqonde ⁣ukusebenza kwangaphakathi kwalezi zinhlelo nokuthi ungalwa kanjani nazo. ngempumelelo.

1. Isingeniso ekudaleni amagciwane e-PC

Ukwakhiwa kwamagciwane e-PC kuyisihloko esibucayi nesiyimpikiswano emhlabeni wekhompyutha. Nakuba singakukhuthazi noma singakusekeli ukusetshenziswa kwamagciwane, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi lezi zinhlelo ezinonya zikhula futhi zisakazeke kanjani ukuze sizivikele kangcono kuzo.

Kulesi sigaba, sizohlola izisekelo zokudala amagciwane e-PC. Kusukela ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zamagciwane akhona, njengeTrojan, izikelemu kanye ne-ransomware, kuya ezindleleni ezisetshenziselwa ukudalwa nokusabalalisa kwawo. Sizophinde sihlaziye izisusa zalabo abazinikele ekuthuthukiseni lezi zinhlelo kanye nemiphumela abangaba nayo. kubasebenzisi afectados.

Kuzo zonke lezi zigaba, sizothola amathuluzi namasu avumela abahleli bezinhlelo ukuthi bakhe amagciwane e-PC. Sizohlola imiqondo efana nokupakisha uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha, ukusebenzisa izinto ezisetshenziswayo, kanye nobunjiniyela bezenhlalo ukukhohlisa abasebenzisi nokusabalalisa amagciwane. Ukwengeza, sizohlinzeka ngamathiphu abalulekile okuvikela ikhompuyutha yakho nolwazi lomuntu siqu kulezi zinsongo ezingaba khona.

2. Izinhlobo zamagciwane kanye nokuziphatha kwawo ezinhlelweni zamakhompiyutha

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamagciwane ekhompyutha, ngalinye linokuziphatha okuhlukile kumasistimu. Ngezansi, amanye amagciwane avame kakhulu kanye nomthelela wawo ezinhlelweni zamakhompiyutha azokwethulwa:

Virus de archivos adjuntos: Lawa magciwane asakazwa ngokunamathiselwe kuma-imeyili noma ngokulanda i-inthanethi. Uma okunamathiselwe sekwenziwe, igciwane lisebenza futhi lithelele uhlelo. Angalimaza amafayela nezinhlelo, abambezele ukusebenza yekhompyutha futhi untshontshe imininingwane yomuntu.

Izikelemu zekhompyutha: Izikelemu zisakazeka ngamanethiwekhi nezinhlelo, zisebenzisa ubungozi bokuphepha. Inhloso yayo enkulu ukuphindaphinda nokusabalalisa kwezinye izinhlelo ngokushesha. Angabangela ukuminyana kwenethiwekhi, ukusetshenziswa okweqile kwensiza, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwesevisi.

AmaTrojan: Ama-Trojan azenza isofthiwe esemthethweni yokukhohlisa abasebenzisi ukuthi bavumele ukufinyelela okukude okungagunyaziwe. Bangantshontsha⁢ ulwazi oluyimfihlo⁤,⁢ barekhode ukuchofoza izinkinobho, futhi balawule isistimu ethintekile. Ngokuvamile kunzima ukuzibona ngenxa yemvelo yazo ecashile.

3. Amathuluzi nezinhlelo zokudala amagciwane e-PC

Namuhla, kunamathuluzi nezinhlelo eziningi ezitholakalayo zalabo abathanda ukudala amagciwane e-PC. Lawa mathuluzi asetshenziswa kakhulu izigebengu nezigebengu ze-inthanethi ukwenza imisebenzi engekho emthethweni. Okulandelayo, sizokwethula amanye amathuluzi ayinhloko⁢ nezinhlelo⁤ ezisetshenziswa kulo mongo.

1. Amathuluzi okuphatha akude: Lawa mathuluzi avumela ababhali begciwane ukuthi bathathe ukulawula kude kwe-PC enegciwane. Ngabo, bangakwazi ukufinyelela ulwazi lomuntu siqu, bantshontshe amaphasiwedi futhi basabalalise uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha kwamanye amadivayisi. Amanye amathuluzi asetshenziswa kakhulu yiRAT (Remote Access Trojan) kanye ne-Backdoor.

2. I-Exploit Kits: Lawa makhithi asetshenziselwa ukucinga ubungozi ezinhlelweni kanye izinhlelo zokusebenza, ukuze ⁢udale ⁤amagciwane kanye⁤ nohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha olungasebenzisa lobu bungozi⁢. Amakhithi okuxhaphaza ngokuvamile aqukethe ukuxhaphaza, okuyizinhlelo ezincane ezisebenzisa ngokunenzuzo amaphutha okuvikela ukuze zingene kusistimu futhi zikhiphe ikhodi enonya.

3. Amakhodi akhiqiza amakhodi anonya: Lolu hlobo lohlelo luvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi benze ikhodi enonya ngendlela ezenzakalelayo. Lawa majeneretha ngokuvamile ahlanganisa imisebenzi ehlukahlukene engenziwa ngokwezifiso kanye nezici, njengokukwazi ukufihla igciwane, ukushintsha ukuziphatha kwalo noma ukuzivumelanisa nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukene. ⁢Ezinye izibonelo⁤ zamakhodi anonya⁢ amajeneretha iZeus, i-SpyEye kanye⁣ Blackhole.

4. Amasu okuhlela athuthukile asetshenziswa ekudaleni amagciwane

Emhlabeni wanamuhla we-cybersecurity, kubalulekile ukuqonda i-. Lezi zindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi zivumela abadali bohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha ukuthi bagweme izindlela zokuphepha futhi babangele umonakalo omkhulu kumasistimu ekhompyutha. Ngalo mqondo, ezinye zezindlela ezivame kakhulu neziyingozi zihlanganisa:

1. I-Polymorphism: le nqubo ihlanganisa ukuguqula njalo ikhodi yegciwane ukugwema ukutholwa amagciwane. izinhlelo zokulwa namagciwane. Igciwane "liyazifihla" ngokushintsha ukwakheka kwalo nokuqukethwe isikhathi ngasinye lapho lisabalala, okwenza kube nzima ukulibona nokuliqeda.
2. Umjovo Wekhodi: Le ndlela ihlanganisa ukufaka ikhodi enonya ezinhlelweni ezisemthethweni noma amafayela Ngokuthelela lawa mafayela, igciwane lisebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho ifayela livulwa noma uhlelo luqhutshwa, lusakazeka buthule futhi lufihlwe.
3. Ama-Rootkits: Lezi izinhlelo eziklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukufihla ubukhona begciwane ohlelweni lwe-Rootkits lungashintsha noma lunqande imisebenzi yohlelo. isistimu esebenzayo ukugwema ukutholwa izinhlelo ze-antivirus futhi uvumele igciwane ukuthi lisebenze ngaphandle kwemingcele.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ulwazi lwalezi zinqubo akufanele lukhuthaze ukuziphatha okunonya. Esikhundleni salokho, umgomo oyinhloko kufanele kube ukuthuthukiswa kwezinyathelo eziphumelelayo zokulwa nokuthuthukiswa kokuphepha ku-inthanethi. Ochwepheshe beCybersecurity kumele baqeqeshwe kahle futhi bavuselelwe ukuze bathole futhi bavimbele lawa masu ukuze kuvikelwe izinhlelo nedatha yezinhlangano nabasebenzisi.

5. Ukuhlaziywa kwezingozi ezihlobene nokudala amagciwane e-PC

Izingozi ezihlobene nokudala amagciwane e-PC ziwukukhathazeka njalo emhlabeni wokuphepha kwekhompyutha.

Ukuhlaziywa okuphelele kwalezi zingozi kubalulekile ukuze uqonde imithelela nemiphumela yokudalwa nokusabalala kwegciwane le-PC. Ngezansi ezinye zezingozi ezivame kakhulu ezihlobene nalolu hlobo lomsebenzi:

• Ukulimala kobuqotho nokugcinwa kuyimfihlo kolwazi: Amagciwane e-PC angalimaza noma abhubhise amafayela abalulekile nayimfihlo, angabangela ukulahleka kwedatha okungenakubuyiseka.
• Ubungozi ekuvikelekeni kwesistimu yokusebenza: Amagciwane e-PC angasebenzisa ubungozi obukhona kusistimu yokusebenza futhi avumele ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe. kukhompyutha. Lesi gebe sokuvikeleka singasetshenziselwa ukufaka uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha eyengeziwe noma kwebiwe ulwazi olubucayi.
• Umthelela Ekusebenzeni Kwe-PC: Amagciwane e-PC adla izinsiza zesistimu, ezingabambezela ukusebenza kwe-PC. Lokhu kubangela ukuncipha kokukhiqiza kanye nokwanda kwesikhathi esidingekayo ukuze kuqedelwe imisebenzi.

Ukuze unciphise izingozi ezihlobene nokudala amagciwane e-PC, kubalulekile ukuba nezinyathelo eziqinile zokuphepha, ezifana nokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe zokulwa namagciwane kanye nokuqaliswa kwezinqubomgomo zokuphepha zekhompyutha. Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukugqugquzela ukuqwashisa nokufundisa mayelana nokuphepha kwekhompyutha, kokubili ezingeni lomuntu ngamunye nangaphakathi kwezinhlangano.

6. Izinyathelo zokuphepha⁤ zokuvikela ukusabalala kwamagciwane e-PC

Ukusabalala kwamagciwane e-PC kungadala umonakalo kumasistimu ethu futhi kubeke engcupheni ukuphepha kwedatha yethu Kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele ukuze sivikele amakhompyutha ethu futhi sivimbele ukusabalala kwalawa magciwane. Nazi ezinye izinyathelo ongazithatha ukuze uqinisekise ukuvikeleka kwakho amadivayisi akho:

1. Gcina uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza kanye⁢ nesofthiwe ebuyekeziwe: Abathuthukisi be-software bavame ukukhulula izibuyekezo namapeshi ukuze balungise ubungozi obaziwayo. Qiniseka ukuthi ugcina uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza, iziphequluli zewebhu, izinhlelo zokulwa namagciwane, nezinye izinhlelo zibuyekeziwe ukuze uvale noma yiziphi izikhala zokuphepha.

2. Sebenzisa uhlelo oluthembekile lwe-antivirus: Uhlelo lwe-antivirus lubalulekile ukuthola nokukhipha amagciwane e-PC. Qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa isofthiwe ethembekile ye-antivirus futhi ugcine imininingwane yayo ivuselelwe njalo ukuze uhlale uvikelekile ezinsongweni zakamuva.

3. Qaphela lapho uvula izinanyathiselwa noma uchofoza izixhumanisi: Amagciwane amaningi e-PC asabalalisa ngezinamathiselo ze-imeyili noma izixhumanisi ezinonya. Njalo hlola umthombo wokunamathiselwe⁢ noma isixhumanisi ngaphambi kokuvula noma ukuchofoza kuso. Ungawavuli ama-imeyili asolisayo, ngisho noma abonakala evela emithonjeni ethembekile.

7. Izimiso zokuziphatha kanye nokuba semthethweni ekudaleni amagciwane e-PC

Ukwakhiwa kwamagciwane e-PC yinkinga ephakamisa imibuzo ebalulekile yokuziphatha nezomthetho. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, kubalulekile ukuhlaziya imiphumela yezenzo ezinonya ezenziwa ngokwakhiwa kwamagciwane ekhompyutha. Lapha sizohlola ukucatshangelwa okuyinhloko kokuziphatha kanye nezomthetho okuzungezile lo mkhakha.

Izimiso Zokuziphatha:

• Ukulimala: Ukwakhiwa kwamagciwane e-PC kuyingozi enkulu yokudala umonakalo kumasistimu ekhompyutha nakubantu abawasebenzisayo. Akulungile ngokomthetho ukulimaza abanye ngamabomu.
• Ukugcinwa okuyimfihlo: Amagciwane e-PC angonakalisa ubumfihlo kanye nokugcinwa kuyimfihlo kolwazi lomuntu siqu nolubucayi olugcinwe kumasistimu athintekile. Lokhu kwephula izimiso zokuziphatha zokuhlonipha nokuvikela ubumfihlo babantu ngabanye.
• Ubuqotho: Amagciwane e-PC abukela phansi ubuqotho bezinhlelo zekhompiyutha, awenze asebenze ngokungalungile noma ngokungavikeleki. Lokhu kwephula izimiso zokuziphatha zokwethembeka nokuzibophezela ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe.

Ukusemthethweni:

• Ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe: Ukudalwa kwamagciwane e-PC ⁣okusetshenziselwa ukuthola ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kumasistimu ekhompyutha kunqatshelwe ⁤imithetho yamazwe ⁢aningi. Akukho emthethweni ukungena ezinhlelweni zabanye abantu ngaphandle kwemvume, noma ngabe inhloso kuwukukhombisa ubungozi.
• Ukulimala kwamabomu: Ukulimaza ngamabomu amasistimu ekhompyutha ngokusebenzisa amagciwane kuwubugebengu ezindaweni eziningi.
• Ukusabalala: ​Ukusabalala kwamagciwane ekhompyutha ngaphandle⁤ kwemvume yalabo abathintekile⁤ nakho akukho emthethweni. Lokhu kuhlanganisa⁤ ukuthumela ama-imeyili noma⁤ ukusabalalisa ngamabomu amafayela ⁤athelelekile ngomgomo⁤ wokuthelela amasistimu nokusabalalisa igciwane.

8. Izincomo zokugwema ukuba yisisulu segciwane le-PC

Izinsongo zegciwane lekhompyutha ziya ngokuya ziba ziningi futhi ziba yinkimbinkimbi. Nokho, kunezinyathelo ezimbalwa zokuvimbela ongazithatha ukuze unciphise ingozi yokuba yisisulu segciwane. ku-PC yakho. Lapha sethula izincomo ezibalulekile:

• Gcina isistimu yakho yokusebenza isesikhathini samanje: Abakhiqizi be-software bavame ukukhulula izibuyekezo zokuphepha ukuze bavikeleke ezinsongweni zakamuva. Qiniseka ukuthi ufaka zonke izibuyekezo ezifanele ku-PC yakho.
• Sebenzisa isofthiwe ethembekile ye-antivirus: Faka i-antivirus eyaziwayo futhi uyigcine ibuyekeziwe. Yenza ukuskena okujwayelekile kwamagciwane nohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha, bese usetha ithuluzi ukuthi lisebenze ngemuva.
• Gwema ukuvula ama-imeyili angaziwa noma izinanyathiselwa: Ama-imeyili nezinanyathiselwa ziyi-vector evamile yokusabalalisa amagciwane. Uma uthola i-imeyili engacelwanga noma esolisayo, ungachofozi noma yiziphi izixhumanisi noma ulande noma yiziphi izinanyathiselwa.

Sebenzisa amaphasiwedi aqinile: Sebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo ahlukile, amade, nayinkimbinkimbi kuma-akhawunti akho aku-inthanethi futhi ungene ku-PC yakho. Hlanganisa izinhlamvu ezinkulu nezincane, izinombolo, nezinhlamvu ezikhethekile. Futhi, gwema ukusebenzisa igama-mfihlo elifanayo kumasevisi ahlukene.

Gwema ukuchofoza izixhumanisi ezisolisayo noma ukuvakashela amawebhusayithi angaphephile: Lapho upheqa i-inthanethi, qaphela lapho uchofoza izixhumanisi ezingaziwa noma ezisolisayo. Amawebhusayithi angaphephile angase aqukathe ⁢okuqukethwe okunonya okungase kuthelele i-PC yakho. Sebenzisa amathuluzi okuphepha esiphequluli ukuze uvimbele amawebhusayithi ayingozi.

9. Indima yama-antivirus ekutholeni nasekuqedeni amagciwane

Ama-antivirus adlala indima ebalulekile ekutholeni nasekuqedeni amagciwane emishinini yethu ye-elekthronikhi Lawa mathuluzi okuvikela amakhompyutha athuthukile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuze avumelane nezinsongo nokuhlaselwa kwe-inthanethi. Nazi ezinye izindlela ama-antivirus ⁤awenza ngazo umsebenzi wawo wokuvikela:

Ukutholwa okusebenzayo: Ama-antivirus asebenzisa amasu okuhlonza asebenzayo ukuze ahlonze amagciwane amasha nokuhlukile Lokhu kuhilela ukuhlaziya ukuziphatha kwezinhlelo namafayela ukuze bathole izimpawu zemisebenzi enonya. Ngokusebenzisa ama-algorithms athuthukisiwe nezizindalwazi ezibuyekezwa njalo, ama-antivirus angathola futhi avimbe izinsongo ezivelayo ngaphambi kokuthi zidale ukulimala.

Eliminación de malware: Ama-antivirus awatholi nje kuphela amagciwane, kodwa futhi anesibopho sokuwasusa ezinhlelweni zethu. Uma usongo seluphawuliwe, i-antivirus ingathatha isinyathelo sokususa uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha noma iluhlukanise. Ngokususa noma ukuhlukanisa amafayela anegciwane, uvimbela amagciwane ukuthi angasakazeki futhi abangele omunye umonakalo.

10. Amasu okuvikela ngempumelelo uhlelo lwekhompiyutha kumagciwane

Okunye okukhathaza kakhulu noma yimuphi umsebenzisi noma inkampani ukuvikela isistimu yabo yekhompyutha kuma-virus nokuhlaselwa kwe-cyber. Ngenhlanhla, kunamasu ahlukahlukene asivumela ukuthi siqinisekise ukusebenza kahle nokuvikeleka kohlelo. Ngezansi ezinye zezindlela ezihamba phambili zokuvikela isistimu yekhompyutha yakho kumagciwane:

1. Njalo buyekeza isistimu yokusebenza: Ukugcina isistimu yakho yokusebenza isesikhathini kubalulekile ukuze uyivikele ezingozini ezaziwayo. Qiniseka ukuthi ufaka izibuyekezo zakamuva namapeshi okuvikela anikezwe umkhiqizi.

2. Sebenzisa isofthiwe ethembekile yokulwa namagciwane: Faka uhlelo lokulwa namagciwane⁢ futhi ulubuyekeze njalo. Le softhiwe izoskena isistimu yakho ukuze ithole izinsongo, isuse amagciwane atholiwe, futhi ivimbele uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha ekufakweni ngaphandle kolwazi lwakho. Futhi khumbula ukwenza ukuskena ngezikhathi ezithile kwesistimu yakho.

3. Sebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo aqinile futhi ahlukile: Amagama-mfihlo ⁤awumugqa⁤ wokuqala⁢ wokuzivikela ⁢ukuhlaselwa kwe-cyber⁤. Dala amagama ayimfihlo ayinkimbinkimbi, uhlanganise osonhlamvukazi nabancane⁤, izinombolo nezinhlamvu ezikhethekile. Futhi, gwema ukwabelana ngamaphasiwedi akho futhi ungalokothi usebenzise iphasiwedi efanayo kuma-akhawunti amaningi.

11. Umthelela wezomnotho nezenhlalo wamagciwane e-PC

Amagciwane e-PC angaba nomthelela omkhulu kumnotho nasemphakathini. Ngezansi eminye yemiphumela eyinhloko yezomnotho nezenhlalo ehlobene nalawa magciwane:

Imiphumela yezomnotho:

• Ukulahlekelwa kwezimali: Amagciwane e-PC angabangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezezimali, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungenxa yesidingo sokutshala izixazululo zokuphepha zekhompyutha, ukulungisa amasistimu awonakele, noma ukwebiwa kolwazi oluyimfihlo.
• Ukuncipha kokukhiqiza: Amagciwane e-PC angabambezela ukusebenza kwezinhlelo zamakhompiyutha, okuholela ekwehleni kokukhiqiza kwamabhizinisi nezinhlangano.
• Ukuvalwa kwebhizinisi: Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, amagciwane e-PC angaholela ekuvaleni amabhizinisi angakwazi ukusimama emonakalweni obangelwe ukuhlasela kwe-inthanethi.

Imiphumela yomphakathi:

• Ukulahlekelwa ukwethenjwa: Amagciwane e-PC angaqeda ukuzethemba komsebenzisi ekuvikelekeni kobuchwepheshe bekhompyutha, okwenza kube nzima ukwamukela nokusebenzisa amathuluzi amasha nezinkundla zedijithali.
• Ukwephulwa kobumfihlo: Amagciwane e-PC angonakalisa ubumfihlo babantu ngokufinyelela kanye nokweba ulwazi lomuntu siqu noluyimfihlo, aveze ukukhathazeka emphakathini.
• Ukwanda kokuhlukaniswa kwedijithali: Amagciwane e-PC athinta kakhulu labo abangenakho ukufinyelela ezindleleni zokuphepha ezanele noma ulwazi oluthuthukisiwe lwezobuchwepheshe, olugqamisa ukuhlukana kwedijithali phakathi kwamaqembu ahlukene ezenhlalo nezomnotho.

Kafushane, amagciwane e-PC awameleli nje usongo ekuvikelekeni kwekhompyutha, kodwa futhi anemiphumela emibi ngokwemibandela yezomnotho nezenhlalo. Kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela futhi ufundise abasebenzisi ngezinqubo ezingcono kakhulu zokuphepha ukuze unciphise umthelela walawa magciwane.

12. Amacala adumile ama-PC virus kanye nemiphumela yawo

Emhlabeni we-computing, kube nezimo eziningi ezidumile zamagciwane e-PC ashiye uphawu lwawo emlandweni. Lezi zinhlelo ezinonya zidale umonakalo nemiphumela emibi kakhulu kumasistimu wamakhompiyutha, okubeke engcupheni ukuphepha kwezigidi zabasebenzisi emhlabeni wonke.

1.⁢ ILOVEYOU: Leli gciwane, elavela ngo-2000, lathunyelwa nge-imeyili enesihloko esingenabungozi njengokuthi “ILOVEYOU” (“I love you” ngesiNgisi). Lapho okunamathiselwe sekuvuliwe, igciwane lasabalala ngokushesha, lasusa amafayela futhi lathumela amakhophi alo kubo bonke abathintwayo bosulu. ⁢Kulinganiselwa ukuthi leli gciwane lidale umonakalo ongaphezu kuka-$10 billion.

2. I-WannaCry: NgoMeyi 2017, umhlaba wazibonela ukuhlasela kwe-inthanethi okukhulu kakhulu emlandweni. Le ransomware isabalale ngobungozi ezinhlelweni zokusebenza eziphelelwe yisikhathi, ukukhiya amafayela kumakhompiyutha anegciwane kanye nokufuna isihlengo ku-Bitcoin ukuze ikhishwe Izinkampani ezinkulu nezinhlangano zathinteka, okugqamisa ukubaluleka kokuba nezinhlelo ezivikelekile nezibuyekeziwe.

3. I-Stuxnet: Njengoba ibhekwa njengelinye lamagciwane ayinkimbinkimbi nayinkimbinkimbi emlandweni, i-Stuxnet yatholwa ngo-2010 futhi ihloselwe ukucekela phansi uhlelo lwenuzi lwase-Iran. ⁢Leli gciwane lingene kumasistimu okulawula ama-centrifuge asetshenziselwa ukucebisa i-uranium, likwazi ukuwakhubaza noma liguqule ukusebenza kwawo ⁤ngaphandle kokutholwa. Ukutholwa kwayo kugqamise amandla okucekela phansi okuhlasela kwe-inthanethi kanye nobungozi obumele ekuvikelekeni kwezwe.

13. Izinyathelo eziphuthumayo ngokumelene nokutheleleka ngegciwane le-PC

Ngokunokwenzeka kokutheleleka ngegciwane ku-PC yakho, kubalulekile ukuzilungiselela futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele zokunciphisa umonakalo nokuvikela ubuqotho bedatha yakho. Ngezansi ezinye zezinyathelo eziphuthumayo ezingase zisetshenziswe:

• Yenza kusebenze izipele Okuvamile: Kubalulekile ukugcina izipele zakamuva zawo wonke amafayela akho abalulekile. Ungasebenzisa izinsiza zesitoreji samafu noma amadivayisi angaphandle ukuze ugcine lezi zipele.
• Sebenzisa isivikeli magciwane esithembekile: Faka uhlelo lokulwa namagciwane oluthembekile futhi ulugcine luvuselelwe. Le softhiwe izokusiza ukuthi uthole futhi ususe noma yimaphi amagciwane noma uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha olukhona kusistimu yakho.
• Vuselela njalo isistimu yakho yokusebenza nezinhlelo zokusebenza: Izibuyekezo zesofthiwe zivame ukuqukatha iziqephu zokuphepha ezikhuluma ngobungozi obaziwayo. Gcina uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza nazo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifakiwe zivuselelwe ukuze unciphise ubungozi bokutheleleka.

Esimeni lapho i-PC yakho itheleleke ngegciwane, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo ezisheshayo neziqondile zokuvimbela ukusakazeka okwengeziwe nokululama ngempumelelo. Ngezansi ezinye izenzo ezingenziwa:

• Hlukanisa ikhompuyutha yakho kunethiwekhi: Nqamula i-PC yakho ku-inthanethi nanoma iyiphi inethiwekhi yendawo ukuvikela ukuthi igciwane lingasabalali amanye amadivayisi.
• Skena uhlelo: Sebenzisa uhlelo lwakho lokuvikela amagciwane ukwenza ukuskena kwesistimu okuphelele futhi ususe noma yiziphi izinsongo ezitholiwe. Uma kunesidingo, sebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile ukuze ususe amagciwane athile.
• Buyisela ⁢kusuka kukhophi yasenqolobaneni: Uma wenze izipele ezivamile, ungakwazi ukubuyisela isistimu yakho ⁣kusuka enguqulweni yangaphambilini ehlanzekile. Qiniseka ukuthi izipele zakho azinalo igciwane ngaphambi kokuzibuyisela.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuvimbela kuyisihluthulelo sokuvikela i-PC yakho ezifweni zegciwane. Gcina isistimu yakho iphephile ngokulandela izinqubo ezinhle zokuphepha ze-inthanethi, ugweme ukuchofoza izixhumanisi ezisolisayo nokulanda, nokugcina izinhlelo zakho zisesikhathini samanje.

14. Imibono Yesikhathi Esizayo: I-PC Virus Landscape Esikhathini Sobuchwepheshe

Amagciwane e-PC aguquke kakhulu eminyakeni edlule, ajwayela intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe futhi eba yinkimbinkimbi. Kulindeleke ukuthi esikhathini esizayo siqhubeke nokubona ukwanda kwalolu hlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha esikhathini sobuchwepheshe, futhi kubalulekile ukuzilungiselela ukubhekana nezinselele ezintsha ezisazovela. Nawa amanye amathemba esikhathi esizayo ku-PC virus landscape:

1. Ukwanda kokuhlasela okuqondiwe: Ngokukhula kobuchwepheshe nokuxhumana, kungenzeka sibone ukwanda kokuhlaselwa okuqondiswe kubantu, amabhizinisi, kanye nohulumeni imbala. Izigebengu ze-Cybercriminal zizokhula zibe nentshisekelo yokweba ulwazi olubucayi, olufana namagama ayimfihlo asebhange, idatha yomuntu siqu kanye nezimfihlo zohwebo Ukuqinisa izinyathelo zokuphepha ukuze kuvikelwe kulokhu kuhlasela okuhlosiwe kuzoba bucayi.

2. Ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zobunjiniyela bezenhlalo: Amagciwane e-PC esikhathi esizayo azosebenzisa izindlela zobunjiniyela bokuxhumana nabantu ukukhohlisa abasebenzisi ukuthi bathole ukufinyelela kumasistimu abo. amanethiwekhi omphakathi noma ngisho nezingcingo eziwumgunyathi. ⁤Abasebenzisi kufanele baqaphele⁢ ngemizamo yokukhohlisa futhi ⁢bafunde ukukhomba nokugwema lawa maqhinga.

3. Ukukhula kokuhlaselwa kumadivayisi eselula: Ngokungeziwe kuma-PC, amadivaysi eselula azoba izinhloso ezikhangayo zamagciwane. Ngokusetshenziswa okwandayo kwama-smartphones kanye namathebulethi, kungenzeka sibone ukwanda kohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha oludizayinelwe ngokuqondile lezi zinkundla. Kuzobaluleka ukusebenzisa izixazululo ezithenjwayo zokuphepha futhi ugcine amadivayisi asesikhathini samanje ukuze uvikeleke kulokhu kuhlasela okuvelayo.

Imibuzo Nezimpendulo

Q: Liyini i-PC virus?
IMP: I-PC virus wuhlobo lwe-software enonya ehlelelwe ukuthelela nokulimaza amasistimu ekhompyutha, okonakalise ukusebenza kwawo okuvamile. Lezi zinhlelo zingantshontsha ulwazi oluyimfihlo, zisuse amafayela, zonakalise idatha, noma zivumele isilawuli kude sekhompyutha ethelelekile.

Umbuzo: Yiziphi izizathu zokudala igciwane le-PC?
IMP: Izizathu zokudala igciwane zingahlukahluka, kodwa ngokuvamile zihlobene nesifiso sokuzuza ngokwezimali, ukulimaza, noma ukumane kubangele isiphithiphithi. Abanye ababhali begciwane bazohlose ukweba imininingwane yomuntu siqu neyebhange, kanti abanye bangafuna ukuthinta izinkampani noma izikhungo ezithile.

Q: Lakhiwa kanjani igciwane le-PC?
A: Ukudala igciwane le-PC kudinga ulwazi lokuhlela oluthuthukisiwe, njengoba kuhilela ukukhohlisa ikhodi yomthombo ukuze kuthuthukiswe uhlelo olunonya. Imininingwane eqondile yokuthi igciwane lidalwa kanjani izoncika ezinhlosweni‍ nekhono lomhleli, kodwa⁤ ngokuvamile ihlanganisa⁤ ukufakwa kweziyalezo ezinonya ⁤kumafayela asebenzisekayo noma ⁢isistimu esebenzayo ngokwayo.

Umbuzo: Ingabe akukho emthethweni ukwakha igciwane le-PC?
IMP: Yebo, ukudala amagciwane e-PC akukho emthethweni emazweni amaningi futhi kungaphansi kwezinhlawulo ezingokomthetho ezibalulekile. Ukusetshenziswa kwamagciwane ukwenza ubugebengu bekhompuyutha, njengokweba imininingwane, ukulinyazwa kwezinhlelo noma ukuqola, nakho akuvunyelwe futhi kungaholela emiphumeleni enzima yezomthetho.

Q: Yiziphi izinyathelo ezingathathwa ukuze kuvikelwe amagciwane PC?
IMP: Ukuze uzivikele kumagciwane e-PC, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ezisebenzayo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukusebenzisa isofthiwe ye-antivirus esesikhathini samanje, ukulanda amafayela avela emithonjeni ethembekile kuphela, ukungachofa izixhumanisi ezisolisayo noma okunamathiselwe kwi-imeyili, kanye nokugcina isistimu yakho yokusebenza nezinhlelo zokusebenza zihambisana nesikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuqapha lapho upheqa i-inthanethi futhi ugweme ukunikeza ulwazi lomuntu siqu kumawebhusayithi angaphephile.

Q: Ngenzenjani uma ngisola ukuthi i-PC yami itheleleke ngegciwane?
A: Uma usola ukuthi i-PC yakho itheleleke ngegciwane, kuhle ukuthi wenze okuthile ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ungakwazi ukuskena ngokugcwele uhlelo lwakho usebenzisa isofthiwe ethembekile yokulwa namagciwane ukuze uthole futhi ususe izinsongo ezingaba khona. Uma isimo siqhubeka, kuyatuseka ukuthintana nochwepheshe we-cybersecurity noma uchwepheshe we-IT ukuze uthole usizo olukhethekile.

Amazwana Okugcina

Ekugcineni, sihlole ngokuningiliziwe inqubo⁢ yokwakha⁤ amagciwane e-PC. Kuso sonke lesi sihloko, sigcizelele izici ezihlukahlukene zobuchwepheshe ezidingekayo ukuze kwenziwe le nqubo, noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukudala amagciwane e-PC akukhona nje emthethweni, kodwa futhi kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu kokubili ezingeni lomuntu siqu kanye nemvelo yebhizinisi. .

Nakuba inhloso yethu yokuhlinzeka lolu lwazi ifundisa kuphela, kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi sikhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe ngendlela efanele nenesibopho idlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni amasistimu ethu kanye nobumfihlo babasebenzisi.

Sithemba ukuthi lesi sihloko sisebenze njengethuluzi elifundisayo lokuqonda kangcono izakhi ezihilelekile ekudalweni kwamagciwane e-PC. Kodwa-ke, sicela bonke abafundi ukuthi basebenzise ulwazi lwabo namakhono ukuze kuzuze ukuphepha ku-inthanethi nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, besebenzisana nochwepheshe bezokuphepha ku-inthanethi ukuze bavikele futhi balondoloze indawo yedijithali ephephile yawo wonke umuntu. Ngokubambisana, singakhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe ngendlela enesibopho nezimiso zokuziphatha ukuze kuphile kahle umphakathi.