Ulisusa Kanjani Ifayela

Amandla okususa ukubethela kwefayela emhlabeni wedijithali sekuyisidingo esivamile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungenxa yezizathu zokuphepha, ukutholwa kolwazi, noma nje ilukuluku, abasebenzisi abaningi bazithola bebhekene nenselele yokuzama ukudalula okuqukethwe kwefayela elibethelwe. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola Igxathu emvakwe gxathu inqubo yokuqanjwa kwefayela, ukubhekana namathuluzi ezobuchwepheshe kanye nemiqondo ebalulekile edingekayo ukuze kufezwe lo msebenzi ngempumelelo.

1. Isingeniso sokubethela kwefayela

Ukubethelwa kwefayela kuyinqubo lokho kusetshenziswa ukuvikela imininingwane eyimfihlo futhi uqinisekise ubumfihlo bakho. Kuqukethe ukuguqula idatha kufayela ibe ifomethi engafundeki, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-ciphertext, ngokusebenzisa ama-algorithms ezibalo. Lo mbhalo wemfihlo ungasuswa ukubethela kuphela yilabo abanokhiye wokubhala olungile, okuqinisekisa ukuthi abantu abagunyaziwe kuphela abangakwazi ukufinyelela ulwazi.

Kukho konke lokhu okuthunyelwe, sizokuqondisa isinyathelo ngesinyathelo ngenqubo yokubethela ifayela. Sizokunikeza okokufundisa kokuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani amathuluzi alungile, amathiphu ezinqubo ezingcono kakhulu zokubethela, nezibonelo ezibonisa indlela yokusebenzisa le nqubo ezimweni zomhlaba wangempela.

Ukubethelwa kwefayela sekuphenduke indlela yokuphepha ebalulekile emhlabeni wanamuhla wedijithali. Ayivikeli nje kuphela ubuqotho nokugcinwa kuyimfihlo kwedatha, kodwa futhi ivimbela ukungenela okungagunyaziwe kanye nokusetshenziswa kabi kolwazi. Ukufunda mayelana nokubethelwa kwefayela kuzokuvumela ukuthi uvikele idatha yakho futhi uyigcine iphephile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhompyutha yakho siqu, efwini noma ngesikhathi ukudluliselwa kwefayela nge-inthanethi.

2. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamafayela abethelwe

Amafayela abethelwe a indlela ephephile ukugcina imininingwane eyimfihlo, njengoba ingafinyelelwa kuphela kusetshenziswa ukhiye wokukhipha ukubethela. Ngalo mqondo, kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zamafayela abethelwe asetshenziselwa izinjongo ezahlukene. Azochazwa ngezansi:

1. Amafayela E-ZIP Abethelwe: Amafayela e-ZIP ayifomethi yokuminyanisa esetshenziswa kabanzi yokuhlanganisa amafayela amaningi abe elilodwa. Ukwengeza, kuyenzeka ukubethela lawa mafayela e-ZIP ukuze uvikele okuqukethwe kwawo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma wabelana ngamafayela abucayi kusetshenziswa izindlela zikagesi noma emafini. Ukuze ususe ukubethela kwefayela le-ZIP, iphasiwedi noma ukhiye wokukhipha ukubethela kufanele kusetshenziswe.

2. Amafayela abethelwe kusetshenziswa isofthiwe ekhethekile: Kunezinhlelo eziklanyelwe ngokuqondile ukubethela amafayela, ezinikeza isendlalelo esengeziwe sokuphepha. Lezi zinhlelo ngokuvamile zinikeza izinketho ezihlukahlukene zokubethela, njengama-algorithms okubethela athuthukile kanye namazinga ahlukene okuphepha. Ezinye izibonelo zesoftware yokubethela iFileVault yeMac, iBitLocker yeWindows, kanye neVeraCrypt yazo zombili izinkundla. Lezi zinhlelo zikuvumela ukuthi ubethele amafayela ngamanye noma izingxenye zonke kusuka ku-hard drive.

3. Amafayela abethelwe nge-imeyili: Izikhathi eziningi kuyadingeka ukuthumela imininingwane eyimfihlo nge-imeyili. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lawa mafayela awafundwa abantu abangagunyaziwe, amafayela abethelwe anamathiselwe emyalezweni angasetshenziswa. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi umamukeli olungile kuphela ongasusa ukubethela futhi afinyelele okuqukethwe kokunamathiselwe. Amafayela abethelwe nge-imeyili avamise ukudalwa kusetshenziswa izinhlelo zokuminyanisa nokubethela, njenge-PGP noma i-GPG.

Ngamafuphi, afaka amafayela e-ZIP abethelwe, amafayela abethelwe kusetshenziswa isofthiwe ekhethekile, namafayela abethelwe nge-imeyili. Lezi zinhlobo zamafayela zinikeza isendlalelo esengeziwe sokuvikeleka nobumfihlo kulwazi olubucayi futhi lungafinyelelwa kuphela abantu abagunyaziwe kusetshenziswa ukhiye wokukhipha ukubethela. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izindlela zokubethela ezinokwethenjelwa futhi uvikele amagama ayimfihlo noma okhiye bokukhipha umbhalo osetshenzisiwe.

3. Izici ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe ngaphambi kokususa ukubethela kwefayela

Ngaphambi kokususa ukubethela kwefayela, kubalulekile ukucabangela izici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ezizoqinisekisa inqubo ephumelelayo nevikelekile. Nanka amaphuzu abalulekile okufanele uwakhumbule:

Uhlobo lwefayela: Ngaphambi kokuqala inqubo yokususa ukubethela, kufanele ukhombe uhlobo lwefayela ozama ukulisusa ukubethela. Amanye amafayela angase adinge izindlela ezithile zokususa ukubethela ngokuya ngefomethi yawo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba nalolu lwazi ukuze ukhethe ithuluzi elilungile.

Amathuluzi Wokususa Ukubethela Nesofthiwe: Kunamathuluzi amaningi nesofthiwe etholakalayo ku-inthanethi yokususa ukubethela kwamafayela, kodwa akuwona wonke athembekile noma aphephile. Kubalulekile ukwenza ucwaningo lwakho bese ukhetha ithuluzi elithembekile emthonjeni othembekile. Qiniseka ukuthi ufunda izibuyekezo, uhlole isithunzi sesofthiwe, futhi uqiniseke ukuthi isekela uhlobo lwefayela ofuna ukulisusa ukubethela.

Ukuphepha nokuvikeleka: Ukususa ukubethela kwefayela kungaba inqubo ebucayi ebandakanya ukufinyelela kulwazi olubucayi. Kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ukuze uvikele idatha yakho futhi uqinisekise ukuphepha phakathi nenqubo. Sebenzisa amathuluzi athembekile okususa ukubethela asebenzisa ukubethela okuqinile futhi uqinisekise ukuthi uxhumano lwakho lwe-inthanethi luvikelekile. Futhi, qiniseka ukwenza amakhophi ayisipele we amafayela akho ngaphambi kokwenza noma yikuphi ukubethela ukuze ugweme ukulahleka kwedatha.

4. Amathuluzi nezinhlelo ezisetshenziselwa ukususa ukubethela kwamafayela

Enqubweni yokukhishwa kwefayela, kunamathuluzi nezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene ezingasetshenziswa ukuthola ukufinyelela olwazini olubethelwe. Ngezansi ezinye zezinketho ezivame kakhulu ezisetshenziswa ochwepheshe be-cybersecurity nezigebengu zezimiso zokuziphatha ukuze kuqashwe amafayela.

1. UJohn uMkhuzi: Leli thuluzi laziwa kabanzi futhi lisetshenziselwa amakhono alo okuqhekeka kwephasiwedi. UJohn the Ripper angenza ukuhlasela kwe-brute force, ahlole amagama ayimfihlo futhi enze izichazamazwi zephasiwedi. Ukwengeza, inamandla okusebenzisa imicu eminingi ukusheshisa inqubo yokubhala. Kunconywa ukuthi uzijwayeze ngemibhalo esemthethweni nezifundiso ngaphambi kokusebenzisa leli thuluzi ngenxa yobunkimbinkimbi balo kanye nokusetshenziswa kabi okungaba khona.

2. I-Hashcat: Leli thuluzi elinamandla lokuthola iphasiwedi lisebenzisa “ukuhlasela kwe-brute force” kanye nezindlela “zokuhlasela kwesichazamazwi” ukuze kuqoshwe amafayela ngamaphasiwedi. I-Hashcat iyakwazi ukusebenzisa amandla okucubungula we-GPU ukusheshisa inqubo yokuqhekeka, ikwenze kube inketho ephumelela kakhulu yamaphasiwedi ayinkimbinkimbi. Nakuba kuyithuluzi elinamandla kakhulu, kuyanconywa ukuthi ulisebenzise ngokuzibophezela nangokucacile, njengoba lingasetshenziswa kabi ngezinhloso ezingekho emthethweni.

3. I-Aircrack-ng: Leli thuluzi likhethekile ekususeni ukubethela kokhiye bokuphepha bamanethiwekhi angenawaya avikelwe ngephrothokholi ye-WEP noma ye-WPA/WPA2. I-Aircrack-ng iyakwazi ukuthwebula amaphakethe edatha futhi yenza ukuhlasela okunamandla ukuze iphule iphasiwedi yenethiwekhi. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukusebenzisa leli thuluzi ngaphandle kokugunyazwa komnikazi wenethiwekhi akukho emthethweni futhi kwephula ubumfihlo. Njalo sebenzisa i-Aircrack-ng ngokuziphatha nangokuzibophezela ukuze ugweme imiphumela yezomthetho.

Lezi ezinye nje ze. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kufanele kube nesibopho futhi ngokuhambisana nemithetho nemithethonqubo esebenzayo. Khumbula ukuthi ukususa ukubethela kwamafayela ngaphandle kwemvume kungase kubhekwe njengokwephulwa kobumfihlo futhi kungase kube nemiphumela yezomthetho. Njalo qinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukugunyazwa okufanele ngaphambi kokusebenzisa lawa mathuluzi kunoma yimuphi umongo.

5. Izinyathelo zokususa ukubethela kwefayela elibethelwe isinyathelo ngesinyathelo

Ngezansi kunezinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze kuqashwe ifayela elibethelwe isinyathelo ngesinyathelo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi le nqubo ingahluka kuye nge-algorithm esetshenziselwa ukubethela kanye namathuluzi atholakalayo, kodwa izinyathelo ezilandelayo zizohlinzeka ngomhlahlandlela ojwayelekile wokubhekana nale nkinga.

1. Khomba i-algorithm yokubethela esetshenzisiwe: Into yokuqala okufanele yenziwe ukunquma ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lokubethela olusetshenziswe kufayela. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuhlaziya ikhodi yomthombo yohlelo lokusebenza noma ukubuyekeza noma imaphi amadokhumenti noma ukulungiselelwa kwesistimu okutholakalayo.

2. Thola amathuluzi adingekayo: Uma i-algorithm yokubethela isihlonziwe, amathuluzi adingekayo kufanele atholwe ukuze kususwe ukubethela kwefayela. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukufaka isofthiwe ethile noma ukusebenzisa imitapo yolwazi noma izinhlelo zomugqa womyalo.

6. Izinselelo ezivamile lapho ususa ukubethela kwamafayela nokuthi ungawanqoba kanjani

Ukususa ukubethela kwamafayela kungethula izinselele ezihlukahlukene zobuchwepheshe, kodwa ngolwazi olufanele namathuluzi alungile, ungawanqoba. Ngezansi kunezinselelo ezivamile lapho ususa ukubethela kwamafayela nendlela yokuwaxazulula:

1. Amaphasiwedi Angaziwa: Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu lapho kususwa ukubethela kwamafayela yilapho iphasiwedi ingaziwa. Kulezi zimo, ungazama izindlela ezilandelayo:

• Sebenzisa amathuluzi okuthola iphasiwedi: Kukhona amathuluzi athile atholakalayo angakusiza ukuthi uthole amaphasiwedi akhohliwe noma alahlekile. Lawa mathuluzi asebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene, njengokuhlasela kwe-brute force noma isichazamazwi, ukuzama ukuqhekeza igama eliyimfihlo.
• Bheka igama-mfihlo kumafayela ahlobene: Uma ifayela elibethelwe lihlobene namanye amafayela noma amasevisi, ungabheka imikhondo mayelana nephasiwedi kulawo mafayela noma kuzilungiselelo zalawo masevisi.

2. Ifomethi yefayela engaziwa: Kwesinye isikhathi, ungase uhlangane namafayela abethelwe ngefomethi ongayazi. Kulezi zimo, ungalandela lezi zinyathelo ukuze ubone ifomethi bese ususa ukubhala kwefayela:

• Cwaninga ifomethi yefayela: Yenza usesho lwe-inthanethi ukuze uthole ulwazi mayelana nefomethi yefayela. Ungathola okokufundisa, imibhalo noma amathuluzi aqondene naleyo fomethi.
• Sebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile: Kunamathuluzi aklanyelwe ukususa ukubethela amafayela ngamafomethi athile. Lawa mathuluzi angakusiza ukuthi ufunde futhi ususe ukubhala ngemfihlo okuqukethwe kwefayela ngefomethi engaziwa.

3. Archivos dañados o corruptos: Kwesinye isikhathi, amafayela abethelwe angonakala noma onakaliswe, awenze kube nzima ukuwasusa. Ukuze unqobe le nselele, zama lezi zixazululo:

• Lungisa ifayela eyonakele: Uma ifayela lonakele kancane, ungazama ukulilungisa usebenzisa amathuluzi okulungisa amafayela aqondene naleyo fomethi.
• Phinda uthole eyodwa isipele: Uma unekhophi yasenqolobaneni yefayela elibethelwe, zama ukubuyisela ifayela kusukela kuleso sipele. Lokhu kungakusiza ugweme izinkinga ngamafayela owonakele noma awonakele.
• Xhumana nomhlinzeki wefayela: Uma uthole ifayela kumhlinzeki noma isevisi, xhumana nabo ukuze uthole usizo. Bangase babe nezixazululo eziqondile zezinkinga zokubethela noma amafayela owonakele.

7. Izinyathelo zokuphepha ezengeziwe okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho ususa ukubethela kwamafayela

Lapho ususa ukubethela kwamafayela kubalulekile ukucabangela ezinye izinyathelo zokuphepha ezengeziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubuqotho bedatha nokuvimbela ubungozi obungaba khona. Ngezansi kukhona izincomo okumele uzilandele:

1. Utiliza herramientas de confianza: Ukuze wenze isiqiniseko sokuthi inqubo yokuqaqwa kwekhodi yenziwe ngokuphephile, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa amathuluzi athembekile nesofthiwe. Yenza ucwaningo lwakho bese ukhetha inketho eyaziwayo emakethe enikeza iziqinisekiso zokuphepha. Gwema ukusebenzisa amathuluzi angaziwa, njengoba angaqukatha uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha noma onakalise ulwazi.

2. Buyekeza izinhlelo zakho namasistimu: Gcina kokubili izinhlelo zakho zokubethela namasistimu okusebenza kusesikhathini samanje. Izibuyekezo ngokuvamile zihlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kokuvikeleka okunciphisa ubungozi obungaba khona. Yenza njalo izibuyekezo ezinconywe abahlinzeki besofthiwe futhi ugcine amasistimu akho evikelekile ezinsongweni ezingaba khona.

3. Yenza amakhophi agciniwe: Ngaphambi kokuqala noma iyiphi inqubo yokususa ukubethela, yenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni yamafayela asekuqaleni. Ngale ndlela, uma kukhona okungahambi kahle ngesikhathi senqubo futhi kwenzeka ukulahleka kwedatha, ungayibuyisela kalula. Gcina izipele endaweni ephephile futhi uzibuyekeze njalo ukuze ugweme noma yiziphi izigameko ezimbi.

8. Izingozi ezihlobene nokuqoshwa kwefayela okungalungile

Zingaba ezibalulekile futhi zithinte kokubili abantu ngabanye nezinhlangano. Uma kwenziwa ngendlela engafanele, ukuchithwa kwefayela okungalungile kungaholela ekulahlekelweni unomphela kwedatha ebalulekile, inkohlakalo yefayela, kanye nokwephulwa kobumfihlo. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula lokhu kucabangela ngaphambi kokuzama ukususa ukubhala ngekhodi noma yiliphi ifayela ukuze ugweme imiphumela engadingeki.

Ngezansi ezinye izingozi ezivamile ezihlobene nokususwa kwekhodi okungalungile kwefayela:

1. Ukulahleka kwedatha: Uma indlela engalungile noma ukhiye ongalungile usetshenziswa ukususa ukubethela kwefayela, kunengozi yokuthi idatha ingase ilahleke ngendlela engenakuhlehliswa. Lokhu kungaba yinkinga ikakhulukazi uma usebenza ngamafayela abalulekile noma abalulekile.

2. ukonakala kwefayela: Ukukhipha ukubethela okungalungile kungase kulimaze isakhiwo nokuqukethwe kwefayela, okuholela ekonakaleni kwalo. Lokhu ngingakwenza yenza ifayela lingafinyeleleki noma lingasebenziseki, okusho ukumosha isikhathi nezinsiza uzama ukubuyisela noma ukulungisa ifayela.

3. Ukwephulwa kobumfihlo nokuvikeleka: Ukukhishwa kwemfihlo okungafanele kwamafayela kungadalula ulwazi olubucayi noluyimfihlo kubantu abangagunyaziwe. Lokhu kungafaka engozini ubumfihlo babantu ngabanye kanye nokuphepha kwenhlangano, ikakhulukazi uma amafayela equkethe idatha yomuntu siqu noma izimfihlo zohwebo.

Ukuze ugweme lezi zingozi, kubalulekile ukulandela ngokucophelela izinqubo ezinconyiwe lapho ususa ukubethela kwamafayela. Qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa amathuluzi afanelekile nezindlela, futhi khumbula ukubaluleka kokuba nokhiye abalungile bokubethela. Uma ungenaso isiqiniseko noma ungenalwazi ekubhalweni kwefayela, kuhle ukuthi ufune usizo lochwepheshe bezokuphepha bekhompyutha ukuze unciphise izingozi futhi uqinisekise inqubo ephumelelayo nephephile.

9. Ezinye izindlela zokukhipha ukubethela kwefayela: kunini lapho kungcono ukungafihli?

Kunezimo lapho kungase kube ngcono khona ukungafihli amafayela. Nazi ezinye izindlela ongazicabangela:

Sesha izipele: Uma unekhophi yasenqolobaneni yakamuva yamafayela abethelwe, kungase kube lula kakhulu ukuwabuyisela kusukela lapho esikhundleni sokuzama ukuwasusa. Qiniseka ukuthi uhlala unezipele zakamuva ukuze ugweme ukulahlekelwa idatha.

Xhumana nochwepheshe bezokuphepha: Uma amafayela abethelwe equkethe ulwazi olubalulekile futhi awukwazi ukuwahlehlisa ngokwakho, kungcono ukufuna usizo kuchwepheshe wezokuphepha kwekhompyutha. Bangase babe namathuluzi akhethekile noma ulwazi lokukusiza ukuxazulula inkinga.

Hlola umthelela ongaba khona: Ngaphambi kokunquma ukuthi uzowasusa yini ukubethela amafayela akho, hlola umthelela ongaba khona wokwenza kanjalo. Uma amafayela engenalo ulwazi olubalulekile noma eshintshwa kalula, kungase kube lula kakhulu ukuwashiya ebethelwe futhi ugxilise imizamo yakho kweminye, imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu.

10. Ungawabhala kanjani amakhodi kumasistimu athile wokusebenza

Ukususa ukubethela kwamafayela ezinhlelweni ezithile zokusebenza kungase kubonakale kuwumsebenzi onzima, kodwa ngezinyathelo ezifanele namathuluzi afanele, kungenziwa ngempumelelo. Ngezansi ezinye izinyathelo ezibalulekile ezizokuqondisa enqubweni yokukhishwa kwefayela kumasistimu athile wokusebenza:

1. Thola isistimu esebenzayo: Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale, qiniseka ukuthi ucacile mayelana nokuthi iyiphi isistimu yokusebenza oyisebenzisayo, njengoba izinyathelo zingahluka kuye ngesistimu. Khumbula ukuthi zikhona izinhlelo ezahlukene izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana neWindows, macOS kanye neLinux, futhi ngayinye inamathuluzi ayo nezinqubo zokuqoshwa kwefayela.

• Kwe-Windows:
• Sebenzisa amathuluzi okubethela afana ne-BitLocker noma i-EFS (Isistimu Yefayela Elibethelwe) ukuze ukhiphe amafayela. Lawa mathuluzi ngokuvamile akhelwe ohlelweni futhi anikeza izinketho zokususa ukubethela kwamafayela ngamanye noma wonke i-hard drive.
• Uma ifayela livikelwe ngephasiwedi, sebenzisa izinhlelo ezikhethekile zokususa ukubethela okufana ne-Passware Kit noma i-Advanced Office Password Recovery.
• Nge-macOS:
• Vula uhlelo lokusebenza lweDisk Utility bese ukhetha ifayela elibethelwe.
• Chofoza kuthebhu yefayela bese ukhetha okuthi Vula noma Faka inketho yokususa ukubhala kwefayela. Ungase ucelwe ukuthi ufake iphasiwedi esetshenziswe ngesikhathi sokubethela.
• Uma inketho engenhla ingasebenzi, ungazama ukusebenzisa isoftware yomuntu wesithathu efana neDisk Drill noma FileSalvage ukuze ubuyisele idatha efayelini elibethelwe.
• Nge-Linux:
• Ngokuya ngokusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux kanye nesistimu yefayela esetshenzisiwe, kunezinketho ezimbalwa zokukhipha ukubethela kwamafayela. Okunye ukusatshalaliswa, okufana no-Ubuntu, kunamathuluzi akhelwe ngaphakathi njenge-eCryptfs ne-GnuPG.
• Uma usebenzisa isistimu yefayela ye-EncFS, ungasebenzisa ithuluzi le-Cryptkeeper ukuze ususe ukubethela kwamafayela.
• Uma ifayela livikelwe ngephasiwedi, ungasebenzisa izinhlelo ezifana no-John the Ripper noma i-Hashcat ukuze uhlukanise iphasiwedi futhi ufinyelele ifayela.

Khumbula ukuthi ukususa ukubethela kwamafayela kungaba inqubo ebucayi futhi kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo ngokucophelela. Uma unemibuzo, kuhle ukuthi ubheke okokufundisa okuqondile ukuze uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza kanye nohlobo lwefayela. Sikufisela inhlanhla enqubweni yakho yokubhala ikhodi!

11. Ukususa ukubethela kwamafayela ngokubethela okuthuthukile: amasu nezincomo

Ukubethela okuthuthukile kuyisinyathelo esivamile sokuvikela ukuvikela amafayela abucayi. Nokho, uma ubhekene nomsebenzi wokukhipha ukubethela kwefayela ngokubethela okuthuthukile, kungaba inselele. Kulesi sihloko, sizokunikeza amasu nezincomo zokukusiza ukuthi ususe ukubethela lawa mafayela ngempumelelo.

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqonda uhlobo lokubethela olusetshenziswe efayeleni. Kunama-algorithms wokubethela athuthukile amaningana, njenge-AES, i-RSA ne-Blowfish. Ngamunye wabo udinga indlela ehlukile yokuchaza. Ungakwazi ukunquma uhlobo lokubethela ngokuhlola izandiso zefayela noma ukusesha ulwazi kumadokhumenti efayela.

Uma usuhlonze uhlobo lokubethela, ungasebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile atholakala ku-inthanethi ukuze ususe ukubethela kwefayela. Ezinye izinhlelo ezidumile zifaka i-OpenSSL, i-GnuPG, ne-Hashcat. Lawa mathuluzi ahlinzeka ngokusebenza okuthuthukisiwe nezinketho zangokwezifiso zokukusiza enqubweni yokususa ukubethela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyatuseka ukuthi uphenye futhi wazi izinketho zokumisa kanye nokusetshenziswa okufanele kwalawa mathuluzi ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle.

12. Ungabugcina kanjani ubuqotho nokugcinwa kuyimfihlo kwamafayela asusiwe

Esikhathini sedijithali, ukuphepha kwefayela kanye nokuvikelwa kolwazi olubucayi yizici ezibalulekile. Lapha sizokukhombisa iziqondiso ezithile zokugcina ubuqotho nokugcinwa kuyimfihlo kwamafayela asusiwe.

1. Sebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo aqinile: Qiniseka ukuthi wenza amagama ayimfihlo ayinkimbinkimbi futhi ugweme ukusebenzisa ulwazi lomuntu siqu olufinyeleleka kalula noma olubikezelwe. Ihlanganisa izinhlamvu ezinkulu nezincane, izinombolo nezinhlamvu ezikhethekile. Futhi gwema ukusebenzisa iphasiwedi efanayo kumafayela noma amasevisi ahlukene.

2. Bethela amafayela abucayi: Ukwengeza isendlalelo esengeziwe sokuvikeleka, cabanga ukusebenzisa amathuluzi okubhala ngemfihlo ukuze ubethele amafayela ngaphambi kokuwathumela noma ukuwagcina kumadivayisi angaphandle. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi abantu abagunyaziwe kuphela abakwazi ukufinyelela ulwazi.

3. Gcina isofthiwe yakho ibuyekeziwe: Abathuthukisi besofthiwe bakhipha izibuyekezo ezivamile ukuze balungise ubungozi bokuphepha. Qiniseka ukuthi ufaka izinguqulo zakamuva zezinhlelo zakho namasistimu okusebenza, njengoba lezi zibuyekezo ngokuvamile zihlanganisa ukulungiswa kwezinkinga zokuphepha ezaziwayo. Ungakubukeli phansi ukubaluleka kokugcina isofthiwe yakho ibuyekeziwe ukuze uvikele amafayela akho.

13. Izimo ezingokoqobo zokusebenzisa ukususa ukubethela kwamafayela ezindaweni zamabhizinisi

Ezindaweni zebhizinisi, isidingo sivame ukuvela ukuze kubhalwe amafayela ukuze ufinyelele idatha ebucayi egcinwe kuwo. Ngezansi kukhona izimo ezithile ezisebenzayo zokususa ukubethela kwamafayela kulezi zinhlobo zendawo:

1. Phinda uthole amagama ayimfihlo awukhohliwe: Ngezinye izikhathi, abasebenzi bangase bakhohlwe amagama abo ayimfihlo kumafayela abethelwe, okwenza kube nzima ukufinyelela ukwaziswa okubalulekile. Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga, amathuluzi athile aklanyelwe ukususa ukubethela kwamafayela kusetshenziswa ukutholwa kwephasiwedi angasetshenziswa. Lawa mathuluzi ngokuvamile asebenzisa amasu e-brute force noma izichazamazwi zephasiwedi ezichazwe ngaphambilini ukuze asuse ukubethela kwamafayela. Okubalulekile, lawa mathuluzi kufanele asetshenziswe ngokuziphatha nangemvume yomnikazi wefayela.

2. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Forensic: Emkhakheni wokuphepha kwamakhompiyutha, ukuhlaziya kwe-forensic kubalulekile ukuze uphenye izehlakalo futhi uthole izinsongo ezingaba khona. Abahlaziyi be-Forensic ngokuvamile badinga ukususa ukubethela amafayela ukuze bahlole okuqukethwe kwawo futhi bathole ubufakazi obufanele. Kunamathuluzi amaningana e-forensic atholakalayo akuvumela ukuthi ukhiphe ukubethela amafayela ezindaweni zebhizinisi futhi ubuyisele idatha ukuze uhlaziywe okwengeziwe. Lawa mathuluzi ngokuvamile anezici ezithuthukile ezifana nokukhipha ulwazi olukhethiwe kanye nokwakhiwa kabusha kwamafayela asusiwe.

3. Ukuthobela imithetho: Izinhlangano eziningi zingaphansi kwemithethonqubo edinga ukubuyekezwa nokuhlolwa kwamafayela azo abethelwe. Ukususa ukubethela kwalawa mafayela kubaluleka ukuze kuboniswe ukuthobela izinqubomgomo nemithetho yamanje. Ngale njongo, amathuluzi okususa ukubethela angasetshenziswa ahlinzeka ngerekhodi elinemininingwane yemisebenzi eyenziwayo, eqinisekisa ukulandeleka kanye nokungafihli kwayo yonke inqubo yokukhishwa kwekhodi.

Sengiphetha, ziyahlukahluka futhi zivumelana nezidingo ezithile zezinhlangano nochwepheshe. Kusukela ekutholeni iphasiwedi eselikhohliwe kuya ku-forensics kanye nokuthobela imithetho, kunamathuluzi akhethekile namasu akuvumela ukuthi ukhiphe ukubethela amafayela ngokuphepha nangempumelelo. Kubalulekile ukucabangela umthetho nezimiso zokuziphatha uma usebenzisa lawa mathuluzi, njalo uthola imvume ehambisanayo futhi uqinisekisa ukuvikelwa kolwazi olubucayi.

14. Ukucatshangelwa kwezimiso zokuziphatha kanye nomthetho lapho ususa ukubethela kwamafayela ayimfihlo

Lapho ususa ukubethela kwamafayela ayimfihlo, kubalulekile ukucabangela izimiso zokuziphatha nezomthetho ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubumfihlo nokuvikelwa kwedatha ehilelekile. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukufinyelela nokususa ukubethela kwamafayela ayimfihlo ngaphandle kokugunyazwa kungahlanganisa ukwephulwa komthetho, ngaphezu kokwephula amalungelo obumfihlo abantu abahilelekile. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukulandela imihlahlandlela ethile yokuziphatha nezomthetho lapho kubhekwana nalolu hlobo lwesimo.

Okunye okucatshangelwayo okuyinhloko kwezimiso zokuziphatha ukuthola imvume yomnikazi wefayela ngaphambi kokuzama ukulisusa ukubhala ngekhodi. Ngaphandle kwemvume efanele, sizobe sephula ubumfihlo bomuntu futhi singase sibhekane nemiphumela yezomthetho. Uma ifayela lingelenhlangano, kubalulekile ukuhlonipha izinqubomgomo nemithetho yangaphakathi ngaphambi kokuthatha noma yisiphi isinyathelo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba semthethweni kokususa ukubethela kwamafayela ayimfihlo ngokuya ngemithetho yendawo ngayinye. Izwe ngalinye linemithetho ethile yobumfihlo nokuvikelwa kwedatha, futhi kubalulekile ukuzijwayeza ngaphambi kokuthatha noma yisiphi isenzo. Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi ingabe ukususa ukubethela kwefayela kuyathetheleleka ngezizathu ezingokomthetho, njengophenyo lobugebengu olugunyazwe iziphathimandla ezinekhono. Kuhlale kuhle ukuthi ufune iseluleko sezomthetho esikhethekile ezimweni ezinzima nezingabazekayo.

Sengiphetha, ukususa ukubethela kwefayela kungaba inqubo eyinselele kodwa efinyelelekayo uma kulandelwa izinyathelo ezifanele namasu. Kulesi sihloko, sihlole izindlela ezihlukene ezisetshenziselwa ukususa ukubethela kwamafayela, kusukela ekusebenziseni amagama ayimfihlo kuya ekuhlaziyweni kwe-cryptographic kanye nobunjiniyela bokuhlehlisa.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukususa ukubethela kwefayela ngaphandle kokugunyazwa kungaba emthethweni futhi kungatshazwa ngokomthetho. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukulandela imithetho nemithethonqubo efanele lapho wenza noma yiluphi uhlobo lokukhishwa kwefayela.

Ngaphambi kokuzama ukususa ukubhala kwefayela, kuyatuseka ukuthi usebenzise zonke izinketho zokufinyelela ezisemthethweni futhi ucele imvume kumnikazi noma kumuntu obhekele ifayela. Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukuba nolwazi lobuchwepheshe namakhono adingekayo ukuze wenze lo msebenzi ngokuphepha futhi ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ubuqotho befayela noma ubumfihlo bolwazi oluqukethwe kulo.

Kuhlale kuhle ukuthi ufune usizo lochwepheshe bezokuphepha bekhompyutha noma i-cryptography uma uhlangabezana nefayela elibethelwe futhi ungenalo ulwazi oludingekayo lokulisusa ngokufanelekile nangokusemthethweni. Ezimweni eziningi, ochwepheshe banganikeza iseluleko esikhethekile nokusekelwa, ngaleyo ndlela kugwenywe izinkinga ezingadingekile kanye nemiphumela yezomthetho engaba khona.

Ngamafuphi, ukususa ukubhala kwefayela kungaba umsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi futhi obucayi, odinga ulwazi oluqinile lwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuqonda okujulile kwezindlela zokuphepha ze-cryptographic kanye nekhompyutha. Kuhlale kuwukuhlakanipha ukwenza izinto ngokuziphatha nangaphakathi kwemikhawulo engokomthetho lapho uzama ukususa ukubethela kwamafayela, ufuna usizo lochwepheshe lapho kudingeka.