Amagciwane e-USB abe yinto ehlala ikhathaza kubasebenzisi yemishini yokugcina yangaphandle. Ukubhekana negciwane idrayivu ye-USB flash Kungaba inselele ngokobuchwepheshe njengoba kubalulekile ukususa usongo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa amafayela abalulekile. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izixazululo ezihlukahlukene zobuchwepheshe nezindlela zokususa amagciwane e-USB ngaphandle kokufaka ubuqotho bamafayela ethu engozini. Kusukela ekuhloleni isofthiwe ye-antivirus ebuyekeziwe kuya ekusebenziseni amathuluzi akhethekile, sizothola ukuthi sizisingatha kanjani lezi zinkinga. ngempumelelo futhi siqinisekisa ukuphepha kwedatha yethu. Uma uzithola ubhekene nesimo esikukhungathekisayo segciwane le-USB, funda ukuze ufunde ukuthi ungayisusa kanjani ngempumelelo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa amafayela abalulekile.
1. Isingeniso kumagciwane e-USB nomthelela wawo kumafayela
Amagciwane e-USB ayizinhlelo ezinonya ezisabaleleka ngemishini yokugcina izinto eziningi njengezinti zokukhumbula kanye nama-hard drive angaphandle. Lawa magciwane angabangela umonakalo omkhulu kumafayela akukhompyutha yakho, ngokuwonakalisa, ukuwasusa, noma ukuwenza angafinyeleleki. Umthelela wamagciwane e-USB kumafayela ungaba mkhulu, ikakhulukazi uma kuyimibhalo ebalulekile noma idatha yomuntu siqu ebucayi.
Ukuqeda amagciwane e-USB ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa amafayela, kubalulekile ukulandela uchungechunge lwezinyathelo nezinyathelo zokuphepha. Okokuqala, udinga ukusebenzisa isofthiwe ye-antivirus ebuyekeziwe nethembekile ukuze uskene futhi ususe noma yiziphi izinsongo ezikhona ku-USB stick. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuhle ukunqamula uxhumano lwe-inthanethi ngenkathi le nqubo yenziwa, ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwamagciwane ngenethiwekhi.
Uma idrayivu ye-USB isikeniwe futhi yahlanzwa, kubalulekile ukuthi ungawavuli ngokuqondile amafayela agcinwe kuyo, ngoba angase atheleleke. Esikhundleni salokho, kuyanconywa ukuthi ukopishe amafayela kufolda ku i-hard drive kusuka kukhompyutha yakho bese uwahlaziya nge-antivirus ngaphambi kokuwavula. Uma i-antivirus ithola ifayela elinegciwane, izinqubo ezidingekayo kufanele zenziwe ukuze kuhlanzwe noma kususwe, ngaleyo ndlela kugwenywe ukubeka ubuqotho bamanye amafayela engozini. Ngaso sonke isikhathi khumbula ukugcina isofthiwe yakho ye-antivirus ibuyekeziwe futhi wenze izikena ezivamile emishinini yakho yokugcina ukuze uvimbele ukusabalala nokuvikela kwanoma iliphi igciwane amafayela akho kubalulekile.
2. Ukuhlonza Igciwane le-USB: Izinhlobo Ezivamile kanye Nezimpawu Zokutheleleka
Ezweni lanamuhla ledijithali, amagciwane e-USB awusongo oluvamile olungafaka ebucayini isistimu yethu futhi lubeke amafayela ethu engcupheni. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukubona nokukhipha la magciwane ngokuphephile futhi ngempumelelo. Kulokhu okuthunyelwe, sizokufundisa izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zamagciwane e-USB kanye nezimpawu zokutheleleka okufanele uzazi.
Amagciwane e-USB ngokuvamile ahlukaniswa abe izigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko: i-autorun, i-malware, nezikelemu. Igciwane le-autorun lenziwa lisebenze ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho ufaka idrayivu ye-USB embobeni, isebenzisa noma yiluphi uhlelo olunegciwane ngaphandle kolwazi lwethu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha luyizinhlelo eziyingozi ezingalimaza noma ziguqule amafayela ethu. Izikelemu zisakazeka ngokushesha zisuka kwenye idivayisi ziye kwenye, zithelela wonke amafayela asendleleni yazo.
Ukuhlonza ukutheleleka ngegciwane le-USB kungase kungabonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi, kodwa kunezimpawu ezivamile okufanele sizinake. Uma i-USB ihamba kancane noma isikhala esikhululekile sincipha ngendlela engaqondakali, ingase itheleleke. Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlola ukuthi amafayela ethu ashintshiwe yini ngaphandle kokungenelela kwethu futhi uma kuvela amafayela angaziwa. Uma ubona noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, kuhle wenze ukuhlanza ngokushesha ukuze ususe igciwane futhi uqiniseke ukuthi awulahlekelwa amafayela akho abalulekile.
3. Amathuluzi okuphepha okuthola nokukhipha amagciwane kumadivayisi e-USB
Namuhla, amadivaysi e-USB abalulekile ekuthuthweni nasekudluliseni idatha. Nokho, nazo ziyisango lamagciwane ekhompyutha. Ngenhlanhla, kukhona amathuluzi okuvikela asisiza ukuthi sithole futhi sisuse noma yiziphi izinsongo kumadivayisi ethu e-USB ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa amafayela abalulekile.
Elinye lamathuluzi asebenza kahle kakhulu okukhipha amagciwane kumadivayisi e-USB i-antivirus ebuyekeziwe. Qiniseka ukuthi une-antivirus ethembekile efakiwe futhi uhlale ugcine eyakho isizindalwazi kusesikhathini. Skena njalo amadivayisi akho e-USB usebenzisa leli thuluzi ukuze uthole futhi ususe noma imaphi amagciwane noma uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompyutha okungenzeka ukuthi lungene ngokunyenya. Khumbula ukuthi ukuvimbela kungukhiye, ngakho-ke sincoma ukuthi uvule futhi ukuvikela kwesikhathi sangempela kwe-antivirus yakho.
Ngokungeziwe ku-antivirus, akhona amanye amathuluzi ongawasebenzisa ukususa amagciwane kumadivayisi e-USB. Enye yazo wuhlelo olukhethekile ekususeni uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha, njenge-Malwarebytes. Ungakhohlwa ukubuyekeza lolu hlelo njalo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi unezincazelo zakamuva zohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha.
Ngamafuphi, uma ufuna ukususa amagciwane kumadivayisi e-USB ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa amafayela abalulekile, kufanele usebenzise amathuluzi okuphepha akhethekile. Uhlelo olubuyekeziwe lwe-antivirus nokususwa kwe-malware lubalulekile ukuze kutholwe futhi kuqedwe noma yiziphi izinsongo. Khumbula ukuskena njalo amadivayisi akho e-USB futhi ugcine wonke amathuluzi akho okuvikela esesikhathini samanje. Ngale ndlela, ungajabulela ukuthula kwengqondo kokwazi ukuthi amafayela akho avikelekile.
4. Izinyathelo zokususa igciwane le-USB ngaphandle kokuthinta amafayela agciniwe
Namuhla, amagciwane awusongo oluvamile kumakhompyutha ethu. Kuvamile ukuthi amadivaysi e-USB athintwe amagciwane kanye nohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha, olungabeka amafayela ethu ayigugu engozini.
Isinyathelo sokuqala sokususa igciwane ku-USB ngaphandle kokuthikameza amafayela agciniwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi sibuyekeze isofthiwe yokulwa namagciwane efakwe kusistimu yethu. Lokhu kuzosivumela ukuthi sithole futhi sisuse noma iyiphi i-malware engaba khona kudivayisi yethu ye-USB. Hlala ukhumbula ukugcina isivikeli magciwane sakho sibuyekeziwe ukuze uqinisekise ukuvikeleka okusebenzayo.
Uma sesifake i-antivirus, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuskena idivayisi ye-USB ukuze uthole amagciwane. Ukuze wenze lokhu, xhuma i-USB kukhompyutha yakho bese uvula isofthiwe ye-antivirus. Khetha inketho egcwele yokuskena bese ulinda uhlelo ukuze luskene konke okuqukethwe kwedivayisi. Uma amagciwane etholwa, isofthiwe izobonisa uhlu lwezinsongo ezitholiwe. Qiniseka ukuthi ubuyekeza lolu hlu ngokucophelela futhi ulandele imiyalelo yohlelo ukuze ususe amagciwane kuwo indlela ephephile.
Ngamafuphi, ukususa igciwane ku-USB ngaphandle kokuthikameze amafayela agciniwe kuyinqubo edinga ukulandela izinyathelo ezithile ezibalulekile Qiniseka ukuthi ubuyekeze isofthiwe yokulwa namagciwane efakwe kusistimu yakho, skena idivayisi ye-USB ukuze uthole amagciwane futhi ulandele imiyalelo yohlelo ukuze uqede izinsongo ezitholakele. . Hlala ukhumbula ukwenza amakhophi ayisipele amafayela akho abalulekile ukuze unciphise ubungozi bokulahleka kwedatha.
5. Ukusebenzisa isofthiwe ye-antivirus ebuyekeziwe nethembekile ukuqinisekisa ukususwa okusebenzayo
Ukuze ususe ngempumelelo amagciwane e-USB ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa amafayela, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa isofthiwe ye-antivirus ebuyekeziwe nethembekile. Amagciwane ekhompyutha ayizinhlelo ezinonya eziklanyelwe ukulimaza, ukweba ulwazi, noma ukuphazamisa ukusebenza kocingo. Kungakho ukuba ne-antivirus ethembekile kubaluleka ukuvikela amafayela ethu nokugcina ukuphepha kwemishini yethu.
Ngokusebenzisa isofthiwe ye-antivirus yakamuva, siqinisekisa ukuthi unokuvikela kwakamuva kumagciwane akamuva kanye nezinsongo ze-inthanethi. Ama-antivirus abuyekeziwe anemininingwane egciniwe ehlanganisa ulwazi olumayelana namagciwane amasha nezindlela zokuwasusa. Lokhu kusivumela ukuthi sithole futhi siqede amagciwane e-USB ngempumelelo, ngaleyo ndlela sivimbele ukusabalala kanye nomonakalo angawudala.
Kubalulekile futhi ukwenza ukuskena okuvamile kumadivayisi ethu e-USB ukuze siqiniseke ukuthi awanawo amagciwane noma uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompyutha. Singamisa i-antivirus yethu ukuthi yenze ukuskena okuzenzakalelayo njalo lapho sixhuma idivayisi ye-USB. Le nqubo iyashesha futhi iyasebenza, futhi isinika ukuthula kwengqondo kokwazi ukuthi amadrayivu ethu e-USB awanakho noma yiluphi uhlobo losongo.
Ngamafuphi, ukusebenzisa isofthiwe ye-antivirus ebuyekeziwe nethembekile kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukususwa kwegciwane le-USB okuphumelelayo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa amafayela abalulekile. Ukugcina isivikelo sethu se-antivirus kusesikhathini samanje nokwenza ukuskena okujwayelekile kusivumela ukuthi sithole futhi sisuse noma yiziphi izinsongo ezingaba khona, ngaleyo ndlela sivimbele ukulahleka kwedatha futhi sigcine amadivayisi ethu evikelekile. Ungakubukeli phansi ukubaluleka kokuvikela amagciwane, amafayela akho nobuqotho bamadivayisi akho kuncike kukho.
6. Izinyathelo zokuphepha zokuvikela ukugwema ukutheleleka ngegciwane le-USB esikhathini esizayo
Igciwane le-USB lingadala umonakalo ohlelweni lwekhompyutha yakho, kodwa ungakhathazeki, kunezinyathelo zokuphepha ongazithatha ukuze ugweme izifo ezizayo. Nawa amanye amathiphu okugcina ikhompuyutha yakho ivikelekile:
- Sebenzisa isofthiwe enhle yokulwa namagciwane: Faka uhlelo oluthembekile lokuvikela amagciwane kukhompyutha yakho futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ulugcina luvuselelwe. Le softhiwe izoskena amafayela ku-USB yakho ukuze uthole izinsongo ezingaba khona futhi iwasuse ngaphambi kokuthi athelele uhlelo lwakho.
- Gwema ukuvula amafayela angaziwa: Ungalokothi uvule amafayela ku-USB uma ungawazi ukuthi avelaphi noma uma ebonakala esolisa. Amafayela asebenzisekayo, njengamafayela e-exe, angaqukatha amagciwane Njalo hlola okuqukethwe kwamafayela akho ngaphambi kokuwavula.
– Gcina uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza olusha: Hlala ubuyekeza eyakho isistimu esebenzayo futhi usebenzise zonke iziqephu zokuphepha. Abakhiqizi bezinhlelo zesoftware bahlala bekhipha izibuyekezo zokulungisa ubungozi futhi bavimbele ukuhlaselwa kohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha. Ukugcina isistimu yakho isesikhathini kuzokusiza ukuthi uyigcine iphephile ezifweni ezizayo.
7. Izincomo zokusekela njalo amafayela abalulekile agcinwe kumadivayisi e-USB
Ukuvikeleka kwamafayela ethu kubaluleke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa kumadivayisi e-USB esiwasebenzisela ukugcina ulwazi olubalulekile. Kubalulekile ukuba nesipele esivamile salawa mafayela ukuze ugweme ukulahleka kwedatha okungase kube khona. Lapha sikunikeza izincomo ezithile zokwenza isipele amafayela akho agcinwe kulawa madivayisi:
1. Sebenzisa isofthiwe yokusekelayo: Kunezinhlelo ezahlukene zesofthiwe ezitholakalayo ezikuvumela ukuthi wenze isipele ngokuzenzakalelayo amafayela akho. Lezi zinhlelo zikuvumela ukuthi ukhethe amafolda noma amafayela ofuna ukuwenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni futhi usethe isimiso esivamile ukuze isipele senziwe ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ezinye izinhlelo zize zikuvumela ukuthi udale isithombe esiphelele kusuka ku-hard drive, okwenza kube lula ukubuyisela wonke amafayela akho uma kwenzeka ehluleka.
2. Gcina amafayela akho efwini: Indlela esebenzayo yokwenza isipele amafayela akho abalulekile ukuwagcina kumasevisi wamafu afana ne-Google Drayivu noma iDropbox. Lapho ulayisha amafayela akho efwini, ungafinyelela kuzo kunoma iyiphi idivayisi enoxhumo lwe-inthanethi futhi ngaleyo ndlela ugweme ukulahlekelwa idatha uma idivayisi yakho ye-USB ilimele noma ilahleka. Ukwengeza, eziningi zalezi zinsizakalo zinikeza inketho yokuvumelanisa okuzenzakalelayo, okusho ukuthi noma yiziphi izinguquko ozenzayo kumafayela akho zizobuyekezwa ngokuzenzakalelayo efwini.
3. Dala amakhophi ayisipele amaningi: Ungathembeli kusipele esisodwa. Kubalulekile ukuba okungenani ube nezipele ezimbili, okungcono kakhulu amadivayisi ahlukene noma izindawo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi uma kwenzeka idivayisi ye-USB noma kwehluleke ifu, usengakwazi ukufinyelela amafayela akho abalulekile. Khumbula ukugcina izipele zakho zibuyekezwa njalo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi unenguqulo yakamuva kakhulu yamafayela akho enziwe ikhophi yasenqolobaneni.
Sengiphetha, ukususa igciwane le-USB ngaphandle ukulahlekelwa amafayela kungase kubonakale kuwumsebenzi onzima, kodwa ngamathuluzi alungile nezinyathelo zokuphepha, kungenzeka ukukufeza ngokuphepha nangempumelelo. Hlala ukhumbula ukubuyekeza isivikeli-magciwane sakho, wenze ukuskena okujwayelekile kwedivayisi yakho, futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokuvikelanjengokugwema ukusetshenziswa kwemishini engaziwa. Ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo, ungaqinisekisa ubuqotho bamafayela akho futhi ugcine isistimu yakho ivikelekile ezinsongweni ezingaba khona. Ungangabazi ukuxhumana nochwepheshe bekhompyutha uma udinga usizo olwengeziwe. Ukugcina idivayisi yakho ingenalo igciwane kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle nokuvikelekile.
Ngingu-Sebastián Vidal, unjiniyela wekhompyutha ozifelayo ngobuchwepheshe kanye ne-DIY. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngingumdali we tecnobits.com, lapho ngabelana khona ngezifundo zokwenza ubuchwepheshe bufinyeleleke kakhudlwana futhi buqonde wonke umuntu.