¿Cómo funciona el Internet satelital?

I-Satellite Internet iwubuchwepheshe obusha obuvumela ukudluliswa kwedatha ngamasathelayithi futhi bunikeze ukuxhumana ezindaweni ezikude lapho ezinye izindlela zokufinyelela ku-inthanethi zinomkhawulo noma zingekho. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuthi i-inthanethi yesathelayithi isebenza kanjani, kusukela ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile kuya kunqubo yokudlulisa idatha, ukuze siqonde ngokugcwele lobu buchwepheshe obuthakazelisayo. Njengoba singena emininingwaneni yobuchwepheshe, sizothola ukuthi amasathelayithi aba kanjani izixhumanisi ezibalulekile ekunikezeni ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi emhlabeni wonke, aguqule indlela esixhuma ngayo nesixhumana ngayo emhlabeni jikelele.

1. Isingeniso se-inthanethi yesathelayithi nokusebenza kwayo

I-inthanethi yesathelayithi iwuhlobo lokuxhumana olusebenzisa amasathelayithi ku-Earth orbit ukunikeza ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi ezindaweni lapho ukuxhumana okusemhlabeni kukhawulelwe noma kungekho khona. Ngokungafani noxhumano lwasemhlabeni, i-inthanethi yesathelayithi isebenzisa amasiginali athunyelwa futhi atholwa ngezitsha zesathelayithi ezifakwe ezindlini noma emabhizinisini.

Ukusebenza kwe-inthanethi yesathelayithi kuhilela izinyathelo ezimbalwa. Okokuqala, umsebenzisi uthumela isicelo sokuxhuma ngesitsha sabo sesathelayithi kwisathelayithi yezokuxhumana eku-orbit. Isathelayithi ithola isignali bese iyithumela kabusha esiteshini esingaphansi, esaziwa nangokuthi i-teleport. Ku-teleport, isignali iguqulelwa kusignali yasemhlabeni futhi ithunyelwe ngenethiwekhi ye-fiber optic ku-Internet Service Provider (ISP).

Uma isiku-ISP, isignali ixhuma kunethiwekhi ye-inthanethi yomhlaba wonke, ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bafinyelele zonke izinsiza namasevisi aku-inthanethi. Ukuxhumana okubuyayo nakho kungenzeka ngenqubo efanayo: isignali ithunyelwa isuka ku-ISP, iguqulelwe isignali yesathelayithi ku-teleport futhi idluliselwe kumsebenzisi ngesitsha sesathelayithi. Ukusebenzisa i-inthanethi yesathelayithi kunganikeza uxhumano olunesivinini esikhulu, oluthembekile, nakuba kungase kube nokubambezeleka okuthile ngenxa yebanga isignali okufanele ilihambe ukuya nokubuya kusathelayithi. Okubaluleke kakhulu, inika amandla ukuxhumana ezindaweni ezikude lapho izindlela zokuxhuma zinomkhawulo.

2. Izingxenye ezibalulekile ze-inthanethi yesathelayithi: izinti namasathelayithi

I-inthanethi yesathelayithi isebenzisa izingxenye ezimbili ezibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwayo: izinti namasathelayithi. Lezi zakhi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekudluliselweni kwedatha okungenantambo futhi zinike amandla ukuxhumana kwe-inthanethi ezindaweni zasemaphandleni noma ezikude lapho ingqalasizinda yasemhlabeni inomkhawulo noma ingekho khona.

Ama-antenna: Ama-antenna amadivaysi asetshenziselwa ukwamukela nokudlulisa amasignali efrikhwensi yomsakazo ukuya noma kusuka kumasathelayithi azungezayo. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezimpondo, njenge-parabolic ne-yagi. Izitsha zesathelayithi zivame kakhulu ekufakweni kwe-inthanethi yesathelayithi futhi zibonakala ngokuma kwazo. Lawa ma-antenna aklanyelwe ukugxilisa isignali yomsakazo ngasesathelayithi, okuvumela ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo nokuthembekile.

Satélites: Amasathelayithi ayizinto zokwenziwa ezizungeza Umhlaba futhi ezisebenza njengezixhumanisi zokuxhumana ohlelweni lwe-inthanethi yesathelayithi. Lawa masathelayithi aku-geosynchronous orbit, okusho ukuthi ahlala engaguquki maqondana nendawo yoMhlaba. Lokhu kuvumela ukuxhumana njalo nezinti zasemhlabeni. Amasathelayithi asetshenziswa ku-inthanethi yesathelayithi afakwe ama-radio frequency transmitters kanye namukelayo ukuze amukele futhi athumele idatha ezintini zasemhlabeni, ngaleyo ndlela aqinisekise ukuxhumana okuzinzile nokunesivinini esikhulu.

3. Inqubo yokudlulisa idatha ku-inthanethi yesathelayithi

Ku-inthanethi yesathelayithi, inqubo yokudlulisa idatha idlala indima ebalulekile ekulethweni kolwazi phakathi kwabasebenzisi. Izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokwenza le nqubo zichazwe ngezansi. ngempumelelo:

1. Ukwenziwa kwedatha: Okokuqala, noma yikuphi ukudluliswa kwedatha kuqala ngokukhiqizwa kolwazi oluzothunyelwa. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuthumela ama-imeyili, ukufinyelela amakhasi ewebhu, ukudlulisa amafayela, phakathi kokunye. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi idatha ihlelwe kahle futhi ifomethiwe ukuze idluliselwe.

2. Ukushintshwa kwesignali: Uma idatha isikhiqiziwe, ukuguqulwa kwesignali kuyadingeka ukuze kudluliselwe ngesathelayithi. Ukushintshashintshashintshashintshashintshashintshayo kuhilela ukuguqulwa kwedatha yedijithali ibe ifomu elifanele ukudluliselwa ngamaza omsakazo. Le nqubo iqinisekisa ukuthi idatha ingadluliselwa ngempumelelo futhi enokwethenjelwa ngokusebenzisa imidiya yesathelayithi.

3. Ukudlulisa nokwamukela: Uma isignali isishintshiwe, idluliswa isuka esiteshini esiphansi iye kwisathelayithi. Isathelayithi ithola isignali futhi iyidlulisele kwezinye iziteshi ezingaphansi noma abasebenzisi bokugcina. Phakathi nale nqubo yokudlulisa, kubalulekile ukucabangela izinga lesiginali, i-bandwidth etholakalayo, kanye nezithiyo ezingase zibe nomthelela ekudluliseni. Esiteshini esingaphansi kwendawo, ukwamukela isignali nokwehlisa kwenziwa ukuze kubuyiselwe idatha yoqobo.

4. Amasathelayithi e-Geostationary: indima yawo ekuxhumekeni ku-inthanethi

Amasathelayithi e-Geostationary adlala indima ebalulekile ekuxhumekeni kwe-inthanethi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezikude noma ezindaweni ezinokufinyelela okunzima emhlabeni. Lawa masathelayithi azungeza uMhlaba endaweni ephakeme ngamakhilomitha angama-35.786 ngaphezu kwenkabazwe, okuwavumela ukuthi ahlale endaweni engashintshi ngokuphathelene nomhlaba. Ngenxa yalesi sici, zisebenza njengeziphindaphinda zesiginali, zivumela ukudluliswa kwedatha kumabanga amade.

Inqubo yokusungula ukuxhumana ngamasathelayithi e-geostationary ihilela izinyathelo ezimbalwa. Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukufaka isitsha sesathelayithi esibheke isathelayithi oyifunayo. Lolu thi kufanele lube nosayizi owanele wokwamukela nokudlulisa isignali. indlela ephumelelayo. Ngokufanayo, imodemu ekhethekile iyadingeka ukuze kusungulwe uxhumano, enesibopho sokuthumela nokwamukela ulwazi ngothi.

Uma i-antenna nemodemu zifakwe kahle, kuyadingeka ukwenza inkontileka yesevisi yomhlinzeki we-inthanethi wesathelayithi. Lo mhlinzeki uzophatha ukuphatha ukuxhumana nokuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwesignali. Thanda nezinye izinsizakalo I-inthanethi, kunezinhlelo ezahlukene kanye nesivinini sokuxhuma esitholakalayo, esivumela isevisi ukuthi ivumelane nezidingo ezithile zomsebenzisi ngamunye.

5. Amabhendi emvamisa asetshenziswa ku-inthanethi yesethelayithi

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene, ngayinye inezici zayo kanye nezinzuzo zayo. Ngezansi amanye amabhendi avamile asetshenziswa kulo mkhakha:

• Ka Band: Le bhendi yefrikhwensi iku-26.5 kuya ku-40 GHz Isetshenziselwa kakhulu izinsiza zokufinyelela ku-inthanethi zesathelayithi kanye nokudluliswa kwedatha.
• Ku Band: Ibhendi ye-Ku isebenza kububanzi obungu-12 kuya ku-18 GHz Isetshenziswa kakhulu kumasevisi kamabonakude wesathelayithi kanye nokufinyelela ku-inthanethi ezindaweni zasemakhaya.
• Ibhendi ye-C: Le bhendi iku-4 kuya ku-8 GHz futhi isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi izinsiza zikamabonakude zesathelayithi zamabanga amade kanye nokuxhumana kukahulumeni.

Ibhendi ngayinye yefrikhwensi inezinzuzo zayo kanye nemikhawulo. Isibonelo, i-Ka band inikeza umthamo omkhulu wokudlulisa idatha, okuvumela isivinini se-inthanethi esisheshayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Ku band inikezela ngembobo enkulu futhi ifaneleka kakhulu ezindaweni ezinokuminyana kwabantu abaphansi.

Kubalulekile ukucabangela ibhendi yefrikhwensi esetshenziswa umhlinzeki wesevisi ye-inthanethi yesethelayithi lapho ukhetha isevisi. Kubalulekile futhi ukucabangela izinto ezifana nendawo kanye nezimo zezulu, njengoba zingathinta ikhwalithi nokuthembeka kokuxhumana. Ngokuhlola ngokucophelela izinketho ezahlukene zebhendi yefrikhwensi, ungenza isinqumo unolwazi ukuze uthole isevisi ye-inthanethi yesathelayithi ehamba phambili.

6. Ama-uplinks nama-downlinks ekudluliselweni kwesathelayithi

Zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwezinhlelo zokuxhumana ngesathelayithi. Ama-uplink abhekisela ekudlulisweni kwamasignali ukusuka esiteshini somhlaba kuya kusathelayithi ezungezayo, kuyilapho ama-downlink ebhekisela ekudluliseleni amasignali asuka kusathelayithi abuyele esiteshini somhlaba. Lezi zixhumanisi zidlala indima ebalulekile kwikhwalithi nokuthembeka kwedatha nokudluliswa kwezwi ngesathelayithi.

Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-uplink ne-downlink, izici ezimbalwa zidinga ukucatshangelwa. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukukhetha imvamisa efanele yokudlulisela. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukucatshangelwa kwezinto ezinjengokuphazamiseka kazibuthe kagesi, ukuncishiswa kwesignali nokutholakala kwe-spectrum. Kutuswa ukwenza ukuhlaziya isixhumanisi ukuze kutholwe imvamisa efanele futhi kuhlolwe ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukudlulisa ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukene.

Ukwengeza, izici namandla ezinti ezisetshenziswa kuma-uplinks nama-downlinks kumele kubhekwe. Ama-antenna adlala indima ebalulekile ekudluliselweni nasekumukeleni amasiginali wesathelayithi. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinti ziqondaniswe kahle nesathelayithi futhi zinenzuzo eyanele ukuze kunxeshezelwe ukulahleka kwesignali ngesikhathi sokudlulisa. Izinyathelo kufanele futhi zithathwe ukuze kugwenywe ukuphazamiseka nezithiyo ezingase zithinte ikhwalithi yesignali.

Ngamafuphi, ziyizici ezibalulekile zokuqinisekisa ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo. Ukukhethwa kwemvamisa efanele, ukuhlaziya isixhumanisi nokusebenza okufanele kwezinti kuyizici ezibalulekile zokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle. Ukuthatha lezi zici kuzovumela ukudluliswa kwesathelayithi okuthembekile futhi ikhwalithi ephezulu. Kubalulekile ukulandela ngokucophelela izinyathelo kanye nezincomo zobuchwepheshe ukuze uthole imiphumela engcono kakhulu yokudlulisa nokwamukela amasignali ngesathelayithi..

7. Izimiso zokuxhumana ezisetshenziswa ku-inthanethi yesethelayithi

Izimiso zokuxhumana zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwe-inthanethi yesethelayithi. Lawa maphrothokholi angamazinga avumela ukudluliswa nokwamukela idatha ngendlela efanele futhi ngokuvikelekile. Kulesi sigaba, sizohlola amanye amaphrothokholi asetshenziswa kakhulu ku-inthanethi yesathelayithi nokuthi athonya kanjani ukuxhumana phakathi kwamadivayisi ahlukene.

Enye yezivumelwano ezivame kakhulu yi-TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol). Le protocol inesibopho sokuhlukanisa idatha ibe amaphakethe ukuze idluliselwe ngenethiwekhi yesathelayithi. Iphinde isungule ukuxhumana phakathi komthumeli nomamukeli ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi idatha ithunyelwa futhi yamukelwe ngendlela efanele. Ukwengeza, i-TCP/IP ihlanganisa ukuhlola amaphutha kanye nama-algorithms okulawula ukuminyana ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxhumana okuthembekile nokusebenzayo.

Enye iphrothokholi ebalulekile i-Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). I-TCP itholakala kungqimba yezokuthutha yemodeli yereferensi ye-OSI futhi isetshenziselwa ukudluliswa kwedatha ekupheleni kuya ekupheleni. Ihlinzeka ngokulawulwa okuthembekile kokugeleza kwedatha, iqinisekisa ukuthi idatha ayilahleki noma ifika ngokulandelana okungalungile. Ngokungeziwe ku-TCP, siphinde sithole i-Internet Protocol (IP), enesibopho sokuqondiswa kanye nomzila wamaphakethe wedatha ngenethiwekhi yesathelayithi.

8. Ubuchwepheshe bokushintshashintsha nokubhala amakhodi obusetshenziswa ekudluliselweni kwedatha

Ubuchwepheshe bokushintshashintsha nokubhala amakhodi budlala indima ebalulekile ekudluliselweni kwedatha, njengoba buvumela ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle kokuxhumana nokwethembeka. Kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene ezisetshenziselwa le njongo, ngayinye enezici ezithile kanye nezicelo.

Obunye bobuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa kakhulu i-amplitude modulation (AM), ehlanganisa ukuhluka kwe-amplitude yesiginali yenkampani yenethiwekhi kuye ngesignali yokufaka. Le nqubo isetshenziswa kakhulu ekudluliselweni kwezimpawu zomsakazo, njengoba ivumela ikhwalithi yomsindo enhle futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa.

Enye indlela evame ukusetshenziswa i-frequency modulation (FM), lapho imvamisa yesiginali yenkampani yenethiwekhi ihlukahluka kuye ngesignali yokufaka. Le nqubo isetshenziswa kabanzi ekudluliselweni kwezimpawu zomsindo, njengoba ivumela ukwethembeka okuphezulu nokungavikeleki komsindo okungcono.

Ngokungeziwe kulawa masu okushintshashintsha, amasu ahlukene okubhala amakhodi nawo ayasetshenziswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle nokuthembeka kokudluliswa kwedatha. Amanye alawa masu ahlanganisa ukubhala ngekhodi komugqa we-bipolar, ukufakwa kwekhodi kwe-Manchester, kanye nekhodi ye-4B/5B. Ngayinye yalezi zindlela inezinzuzo zayo ezithile kanye nezicelo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukukhetha okufanele kakhulu ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zesistimu yokudlulisela.

Kafushane, ubuchwepheshe bokuguquguquka nokubhala amakhodi budlala indima ebalulekile ekudluliselweni kwedatha, okuvumela ukusebenza kahle nokuthembeka kokuxhumana ukuthi kuthuthukiswe. Ukukhethwa kwesu elifanele kuncike ezicini ezithile kanye nezidingo zohlelo ngalunye lokudlulisa.

9. Izinhlelo zomhlaba vs. amasistimu omkhathi ku-inthanethi yesathelayithi

Amasistimu asemhlabeni yilawo atholakala phezu komhlaba futhi axhunywe ngezintambo noma amanethiwekhi angenawaya. Lawa masistimu asebenzisa ingqalasizinda ebonakalayo njengemibhoshongo yokudlulisela, izimpondo, namakhebuli ukuze adlulise futhi amukele idatha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amasistimu omkhathi ku-inthanethi yesathelayithi asebenzisa amasathelayithi okwenziwa emkhathini ukuze axhumane namanye kanye nezinhlelo zasemhlabeni.

Omunye umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinhlobo zombili zezinhlelo ukumboza. Amasistimu omhlaba avame ukuba nokufakwa okulinganiselwe ngenxa yemingcele yendawo kanye nesakhiwo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amasistimu asemkhathini ku-inthanethi yesathelayithi ahlanganisa umhlaba wonke, okusho ukuthi anganikeza ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi ezindaweni ezikude lapho amasistimu angaphansi angakwazi ukufinyelela khona.

Omunye umehluko obalulekile yijubane. Amasistimu asemhlabeni anganikeza isivinini esiphezulu ngenxa yokubambezeleka okuphansi kanye nomthamo omkhulu wokudlulisa idatha ngezintambo ze-fiber optic. Kodwa-ke, amasistimu omkhathi ku-inthanethi yesathelayithi asathuthuka futhi ahlinzeka ngesivinini esiphansi uma kuqhathaniswa. Naphezu kwalokhu, intuthuko kubuchwepheshe besathelayithi yenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthuthukisa isivinini sokuxhuma emkhathini.

10. Ukubambezeleka nokubambezeleka ku-inthanethi yesethelayithi: izimbangela nezisombululo

Ukubambezeleka nokubambezeleka ku-inthanethi yesethelayithi kungaba inkinga evamile kubasebenzisi abaningi. Ukubambezeleka kubhekisela esikhathini esisithathayo ukuze iphakethe ledatha lihambe lisuka kumthumeli liye kumamukeli futhi okuphambene nalokho, kuyilapho ukubambezeleka kubhekisela ekubambezelekeni okwengeziwe okubangelwa ibanga eliphakathi komsebenzisi nesathelayithi.

Kunezimbangela ezimbalwa ezingaba nomthelela ekubambezelekeni nasekubambezelekeni kwe-inthanethi yesathelayithi. Enye yezimbangela eziyinhloko yibanga elingokomzimba okufanele isignali ilihambe isuka eMhlabeni iye kwisathelayithi futhi ngokuphambene nalokho. Uma ibanga likhulu, i-latency inkulu. Ukwengeza, izici ezifana nokuminyana kwenethiwekhi, ingqalasizinda yezokuxhumana esetshenziswayo, kanye nekhwalithi namandla emishini yokudlulisa nakho kungathinta.

Ngenhlanhla, kunezixazululo ezingaba khona zokunciphisa ukubambezeleka nokubambezeleka ku-inthanethi yesethelayithi. Enye inketho ukusebenzisa izinsiza zokuthuthukisa inethiwekhi ezisiza ukuthuthukisa isivinini nokusebenza kahle koxhumo lwesathelayithi. Ukwengeza, isofthiwe yokuthuthukisa ithrafikhi ingasetshenziswa ukusiza ukubeka phambili nokuphatha ukuhamba kwedatha. ku-inthanethi. Ukwengeza, kunconywa ukuthi uhlole futhi ulungise izilungiselelo zemishini yokusakaza bukhoma, njengamarutha namamodemu, ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi asebenza kahle futhi usebenzisa izibuyekezo zakamuva nobuchwepheshe obutholakalayo. Lezi zinyathelo ezihlanganisiwe zingasiza ukunciphisa ukubambezeleka nokubambezeleka ku-inthanethi yesethelayithi futhi kuthuthukise ulwazi lomsebenzisi.

11. Izinzuzo nezinselele ze-inthanethi yesathelayithi yokuxhumana emhlabeni jikelele

I-inthanethi yesathelayithi ibonakale iyisixazululo esisebenzayo sokunqoba izithiyo zendawo kanye nokuhlinzeka ngoxhumano lomhlaba jikelele. Ngezansi, sizoxoxa ngezinye zezinzuzo nezinselele ezihlobene nalobu buchwepheshe.

Izinzuzo:

• Ukufakwa okubanzi: I-inthanethi yesathelayithi ingafinyelela ezindaweni ezikude lapho ingqalasizinda yasemhlabeni inomkhawulo noma ingekho khona. Lokhu kunikeza ithuba lokuxhuma abantu ababenqanyuliwe ngaphambilini.
• Ukuthunyelwa Okusheshayo: Ngokungafani nobunye ubuchwepheshe bokuxhuma, i-inthanethi yesathelayithi ingafakwa ngokushesha, okuvumela ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi ukuthi kuhlinzekwe ngesikhathi esifushane.
• Isivinini Sokulanda Nokulayisha: Ngenxa yentuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe, i-inthanethi yesathelayithi isiyakwazi ukuletha isivinini sokulanda nokulayisha esiqathaniswa noxhumo lwasemhlabeni.

Izinselele:

• Ukubambezeleka: Ngenxa yebanga amasignali okufanele ahambe ukusuka kumasathelayithi emkhathini ukuya eMhlabeni, i-inthanethi yesathelayithi ivamise ukuba nokubambezeleka okuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokuxhumana komhlaba. Lokhu kungase kuthinte ikhwalithi yamakholi wezwi nokudluliswa. ngesikhathi sangempela.
• Izindleko: Ingqalasizinda edingekayo ukuze kuhlinzekwe nge-inthanethi yesathelayithi kuyabiza ukuyisebenzisa nokuyinakekela. Lokhu kungase kubangele isevisi ebiza kakhulu. kubasebenzisi kowamanqamu.
• Imikhawulo yedatha: Miningi proveedores de Internet Amasevisi esathelayithi anama-data caps, okusho ukuthi abasebenzisi bangase bezwe isivinini esincishisiwe noma banqanyulwe lapho sebefinyelele inani elithile ledatha esetshenzisiwe. Lokhu kungaba yinkinga kulabo abadinga ukuxhumana okuhlala njalo nokuthembekile, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemaphandleni noma ezindaweni lapho ezinye izindlela zokuxhumana zingatholakali khona.

12. Izicelo kanye nokusetshenziswa okuvamile kwe-inthanethi yesathelayithi

I-inthanethi yesathelayithi isiphenduke isixazululo esisebenzayo salezo zindawo ezikude noma okunzima ukuzifinyelela lapho ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi okuvamile akunakwenzeka. Ngezansi ezinye zazo:

1. Ukuxhumana: I-inthanethi yesathelayithi ivumela ukuxhumana phakathi isikhathi sangempela ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana ne-imeyili, izingcingo zevidiyo kanye nemiyalezo esheshayo. Lokhu kuwusizo ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho ukuxhumana okuvamile ngocingo kungatholakali khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuxhumana kwesathelayithi, kungenzeka ukuthi uhlale uxhumekile ngisho nasezindaweni zezinhlekelele zemvelo noma izimo eziphuthumayo.

2. Navegación web: Abantu abasebenzisa i-inthanethi yesathelayithi bangafinyelela iwebhu ngendlela efanayo abebengenza ngayo ngoxhumano lwasemhlabeni. Nakuba kungase kube khona umehluko omncane ngesivinini sokuxhuma, abasebenzisi bangasesha ulwazi, ukufinyelela amanethiwekhi omphakathi, thenga ku-inthanethi futhi ujabulele okuqukethwe kwe-multimedia ngaphandle kwenkinga.

3. Ukudluliswa kwedatha: I-inthanethi yesathelayithi inikeza ithuba lokudlulisa imiqulu emikhulu yedatha ngempumelelo. Lokhu kuwusizo ikakhulukazi kumabhizinisi nezinhlangano ezidinga ukuthumela nokwamukela amafayela amakhulu, njengezithombe ezinokulungiswa okuphezulu noma amadokhumenti amakhulu, ngokushesha nangokuvikelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-inthanethi yesathelayithi iphinde isetshenziselwe ukudluliswa kwedatha ezinhlelweni zesayensi nezocwaningo.

13. Amasu amasha kanye nentuthuko emkhakheni we-satellite ye-inthanethi

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, inkambu ye-inthanethi yesathelayithi ihlangabezane nokuqanjwa okusha nokuthuthuka okuthembisa ukuguqula ezokuxhumana emhlabeni wonke. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kugxile ekuzuzeni isivinini esiphezulu, ukumbozwa okubanzi kanye nokuxhumana okuzinzile, ngisho nasezindaweni ezikude.

Enye yezinto ezintsha eziqanjiwe emkhakheni we-inthanethi yesathelayithi ukuthuthukiswa kwamasathelayithi esizukulwane esisha. Lawa masathelayithi mancane, alula futhi asebenza kahle, okuwavumela ukuthi anikeze umthamo omkhulu wokudlulisa idatha. Ukwengeza, ngenxa yentuthuko yobuchwepheshe be-antenna, lawa masathelayithi amasha angahlinzeka ngekhava ebanzi kanye nekhwalithi yokuxhumana engcono.

Enye inqubekelaphambili ebalulekile ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokuxhumana ngesathelayithi ezinezinga eliphezulu. Lawa masistimu asebenzisa amaza aphezulu ukuze adlulisele idatha, okuvumela isivinini esikhulu sokuxhuma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusetshenziswa izindlela ezithuthuke kakhulu zokumodulation, njenge-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), evumela ukuthi ukusebenza kahle okukhulu en la transmisión de datos.

Kafushane, inkambu ye-inthanethi yesathelayithi ibhekene nokuqanjwa kabusha okuqhubekayo kanye nentuthuko ethembisa ukuthuthukisa kakhulu isivinini, ukumbozwa kanye nekhwalithi yokuxhuma. Amasathelayithi esizukulwane esilandelayo kanye nezinhlelo zokuxhumana ngesathelayithi yamaza aphezulu aguqula indlela esixhuma ngayo ku-inthanethi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezikude lapho ingqalasizinda yasemhlabeni ingasebenzi. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kumelela ithuba elihle lokuletha ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi ezindaweni lapho bekungenzeki khona ngaphambilini, kuvule amathuba amasha maqondana nezemfundo, ukuthuthukiswa komnotho kanye nokuxhumana emhlabeni jikelele.

14. Iziphetho mayelana nokusebenza kwe-inthanethi yesathelayithi kanye nomthelela wayo kwezobuchwepheshe

Sengiphetha, i-inthanethi yesathelayithi ibonakale iyisixazululo esisebenzayo sokuletha ukuxhumana ezindaweni ezikude nezinzima ukufinyelela kuzo. Ikhono layo lokudlulisa idatha ebangeni elide lisebenzisa amasathelayithi azungezayo liye lashintsha ukufinyelela olwazini nokuxhumana emhlabeni wonke.

Lolu hlobo lokuxhumana lunikeza isivinini se-inthanethi esihloniphekile nesithembekile, esivumele imiphakathi yasemakhaya nezifunda ezinengqalasizinda elinganiselwe ukuthi zivune izinzuzo zenkathi yedijithali. Ukwengeza, i-inthanethi yesathelayithi ayincikile kumakhebuli akhona asemhlabeni noma olayini bocingo, okuyenza ibe wusizo ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezithintwe izinhlekelele zemvelo noma izingxabano.

Nakuba i-inthanethi yesathelayithi inezinzuzo zayo, kunezinselele okumelwe zinqotshwe. Ukubambezeleka, noma ukubambezeleka kokudluliswa kwedatha ngenxa yebanga lesiginali okufanele lihambe, kungaba inkinga kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zesikhathi sangempela, njengenkomfa ngevidiyo. Kodwa-ke, ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamasathelayithi emigudwini ephansi, lezi zinselele kulindeleke ukuthi zincishiswe esikhathini esizayo.

Ngamafuphi, i-inthanethi yesathelayithi iguqule indlela esixhuma ngayo nesixhumana ngayo emhlabeni jikelele. Uhlelo lwayo lokudlulisa idatha oluyinkimbinkimbi ngamasathelayithi ku-geosynchronous orbit lunikeza isisombululo esinokwethenjelwa nesisebenzayo ezindaweni ezikude nezasemaphandleni ebezingeke zibe nokufinyelela ku-inthanethi.

Ngebhendi ye-Ku ne-Ka, i-inthanethi yesathelayithi ivumela isivinini soxhumano oluphezulu kanye nezinga elimangalisayo lesevisi. Nakuba kungase kube khona ukulinganiselwa okuthile, okufana nokuphazamiseka kwesimo sezulu nokubambezeleka okuphezulu kancane uma kuqhathaniswa noxhumo lwasemhlabeni, kusewukhetho olusebenzisekayo kulabo abangenakho ukufinyelela kukhebula noma i-fiber optic Internet.

Ukufaka isistimu ye-inthanethi yesathelayithi kungase kudinge usizo lobuchwepheshe olukhethekile, njengoba kuhilela ukuqondiswa okufanele kwesitsha sesathelayithi kanye nokumisa okokusebenza kokwamukela nokudlulisa. Kodwa-ke, uma ifakwe kahle, inikeza uxhumano oluthembekile noluzinzile.

Okubalulekile, i-inthanethi yesathelayithi ishintshile futhi yaba ngcono kakhulu ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Ngokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe, kulindeleke ukuthi imikhawulo yamanje iphinde yehliswe futhi ukutholakala kuzokwanda, okuhlinzekele ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi ezindaweni ezikude nezingagcinwanga kahle emhlabeni jikelele.

Sengiphetha, i-inthanethi yesathelayithi imele inketho eqinile nefinyelelekayo yalabo abangakwazi ukufinyelela amanethiwekhi omdabu wasemhlabeni. Nakuba inokulinganiselwa okuthile, ikhono layo lokuhlinzeka ngoxhumano lwembulunga yonke nokufinyelela ezindaweni ezikude kuyenza ibe ithuluzi elibalulekile lokuxhumana. esikhathini sedijithali.