Indlela Injini Ye-Hydrogen Esebenza Ngayo

Isebenza kanjani Injini Ye-Hydrogen: Umbono wezobuchwepheshe nokungathathi hlangothi

Emhlabeni Namuhla, ekufuneni ezinye izindlela ezisimeme nezisebenza kahle, injini ye-hydrogen iye yavela njengesixazululo esithembisayo. Nakuba ukusebenza kwayo kusesesigabeni sokuqala, ukuqonda ukuthi lolu hlobo lwenjini lusebenza kanjani kubalulekile ukuze kuhlolwe amandla ayo embonini yezimoto kanye nasembonini yezimoto. ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza.

Injini ye-hydrogen, eyaziwa nangokuthi injini ye-hydrogen yangaphakathi evuthayo, iyithuluzi eliyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu elihlanganisa amakhemikhali e-hydrogen ukuze likhiqize amandla. Ngokungafani nezinjini zendabuko ezivuthayo zangaphakathi, ezisebenzisa uphethiloli noma udizili, injini ye-hydrogen incike ekuphenduleni phakathi kwe-hydrogen nomoya-mpilo ukukhiqiza amandla emishini.

Okokuqala, kufanele siqonde ukuthi i-hydrogen iyikhemikhali evutha kakhulu futhi eqhumayo lapho kukhona umoya-mpilo. Isebenzisa lesi sakhiwo, injini ye-hydrogen isebenzisa igumbi elivuthayo lapho i-hydrogen ixutshwa nomoya-mpilo ovela emoyeni. Le ngxube, ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, ikhiqiza ukuqhuma okulawulwayo okushayela amaphistoni enjini futhi, yona, ikhiqize ukunyakaza kwemishini.

Kodwa-ke, ukufeza ukusebenza kahle nokunciphisa imiphumela emibi, njengokungcola, ekushiseni, ukulawulwa ngokucophelela kwengxube ye-hydrogen ne-oxygen. Ngalokhu, injini ye-hydrogen ihlanganisa amasistimu omjovo nawokuthungela, afana nalawo atholakala ezinjinini ezivamile zangaphakathi. Lezi zinhlelo zenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ingxenye eyanele ye-hydrogen nomoya-mpilo, kanye nokuqhunyiswa okulungile kwengxube egunjini elivuthayo.

Ngaphezu kwamasistimu okulawula, injini ye-hydrogen idinga futhi isitoreji se-hydrogen kanye nesistimu yokuhlinzeka. Ngoba i-hydrogen ayikho esimweni samanzi ngokwemvelo, kufanele kusetshenziswe ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile ukubugcina nokuyihambisa emotweni. Njengamanje, izinhlelo ezivame kakhulu amathangi anengcindezi ephezulu aqukethe i-hydrogen enegesi.

Sengiphetha, injini ye-hydrogen iyinketho ethembisayo yokuhamba kwesikhathi esizayo, njengoba isebenzisa insiza eningi futhi ihlanza imvelo. indawo ezungezile ngokungakhiqizi igesi engcolisayo. Nokho, ukuqaliswa kwayo ngezinga elikhulu kusamele izinselelo zobuchwepheshe nezomnotho. Ukuqonda ukuthi le njini isebenza kanjani kusivumela ukuthi sihlole izinzuzo nemikhawulo yayo, futhi siqhubeke nokuhlola amandla ayo embonini yezimoto nakwezinye izindawo.

1. Isingeniso senjini ye-hydrogen: Incazelo yomqondo nezinjongo zokusebenza kwayo

Injini ye-hydrogen iyisisetshenziswa esisebenzisa i-hydrogen njengophethiloli ukuze sikhiqize amandla futhi siqhubekise imoto. Lo mqondo usekelwe ekushisweni kwe-hydrogen lapho kukhona umoya-mpilo, okhiqiza umhwamuko wamanzi njengowukuphela komkhiqizo, okuwenza ube inketho esimeme futhi evumelana nemvelo uma kuqhathaniswa nezinjini ezivamile zangaphakathi.

Inhloso eyinhloko yokusebenza kwenjini ye-hydrogen ukufeza ukukhululwa okulawulwayo kwamandla aqukethwe igesi ye-hydrogen futhi iguqule ibe amandla omshini, angasetshenziswa ukuhambisa imoto. Ukuze kufezwe lokhu, injini iklanywe nge-fuel cell ehlanganisa i-hydrogen nomoya-mpilo emoyeni bese ikhipha ama-electron. Lawa ma-electron asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ugesi, wona osetshenziselwa ukushayela imoto.

Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zenjini ye-hydrogen ukusebenza kwayo okuphezulu nomthelela ophansi kwemvelo. Ngokungafani nezinjini ezivamile zangaphakathi ezivuthayo, azikhiqizi isisi esibamba ukushisa noma izinto ezingcolisa umoya, njengoba okuwukuphela komkhiqizo wawo amanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-hydrogen ingatholakala emithonjeni evuselelekayo, njengamandla elanga noma omoya, okwenza kube inketho ethakazelisa kakhulu yokunciphisa imiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.

2. Ukwakheka kwenjini ye-hydrogen: Imininingwane yezingxenye ezihlukene nezingxenye ezakha uhlelo

Injini ye-hydrogen iwubuchwepheshe obusafufusa obunikeza enye indlela yezemvelo nesebenza kahle yokuqhuba imoto. Ngezansi kukhona izingxenye ezahlukene kanye nezingxenye ezakha lolu hlelo loguquko.

1. Iseli ye-Electrolytic: Lena yingxenye eyisisekelo yenjini ye-hydrogen, lapho inqubo ye-electrolysis yenziwa khona. Iqukethe ama-electrode amabili acwiliswe emanzini futhi ahlukaniswe yi-electrolyte, njenge-potassium hydroxide. Lapho kusetshenziswa umsinga kagesi, ama-molecule amanzi ayaphulwa, akhiqize i-hydrogen ku-anode nomoya-mpilo ku-cathode.

2. Isiqukathi se-Hydrogen: Igesi ye-hydrogen ekhiqizwa iseli ye-electrolytic igcinwa lapha. Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa iziqukathi ezimelana nokucindezela ezinamavalvu afanelekile okugcwalisa nokukhipha i-hydrogen. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunconywa ukusebenzisa izinto ezifana nensimbi engagqwali noma i-carbon fiber ukuvimbela ukuvuza nokugcina ubumsulwa be-hydrogen.

3. Uhlelo lokulawula: Le ngxenye yenjini ye-hydrogen inomthwalo wemfanelo wokulawula inani legesi elingena enjinini evuthayo yangaphakathi. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswe amadivaysi afana nama-valve okulawula, izinzwa zokucindezela kanye nama-flowmeters. Lolu hlelo luqinisekisa ukutholakala njalo kwe-hydrogen enjinini futhi luvimbela ukuguga okungenzeka noma ukulimala kuyo.

Kafushane, injini ye-hydrogen yenziwe iseli le-electrolytic ukuze kukhiqizwe igesi, isitsha sokugcinwa kwayo kanye nesistimu yokulawula elawula ukugeleza kwayo enjinini yangaphakathi evuthayo. Lolu hlelo luhlinzeka ngenye indlela ethembisayo yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi engcolisayo kanye nokuncika kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi. Hlola lobu buchwepheshe futhi ube yingxenye yekusasa elisimeme lokuhamba!

3. Inqubo yomlilo: Incazelo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo yokuthi ukuvutha kwenzeka kanjani enjini ye-hydrogen

Ukushisa enjini ye-hydrogen Kuyinqubo okubalulekile oshayela ukusebenza kwalolu hlobo lwenjini. Nansi incazelo Igxathu emvakwe gxathu ukuthi le nqubo yenzeka kanjani:

1. Ukunikezwa kwe-hydrogen: Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuhlinzeka nge-hydrogen enjinini. Le hydrogen ingagcinwa isesimweni esiwuketshezi noma igesi, futhi yethulwa enjinini ngevalvu yokudonsa.
2. Ukucindezelwa kweHydrojeni: Uma i-hydrogen ingena enjinini, icindezelwa yi-piston ngenkathi isesimweni sokucindezela. Lokhu kucindezela kwandisa izinga lokushisa nokucindezela kwe-hydrogen.
3. Kuvuliwe: Uma i-hydrogen isiminyanisiwe, kwethulwa inhlansi kagesi ngamapulaki ezinhlansi ukuze kuthungele ingxube ye-hydrogen-air. Le nhlansi ibangela ukuthungela kwe-hydrogen, ngaleyo ndlela iqale inqubo yokuvutha.

Ukushiswa kwe-hydrogen kudala ukusabela kwamakhemikhali exothermic, kukhiphe inani elikhulu lamandla. La mandla asetshenziselwa ukushayela ukunyakaza kwepiston, exhunywe ku-crankshaft, futhi ekugcineni iguqule amandla amakhemikhali abe amandla emishini. Njengoba i-piston ihamba phansi, umjikelezo womsebenzi wenjini uyenzeka, okhiqiza amandla okusebenza kwayo.

4. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen: Izindlela nobuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa ukuthola i-hydrogen nobudlelwano bayo nenjini

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen kuyinqubo eyisisekelo yokusetshenziswa kwayo njengophethiloli ezinjinini. Kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene kanye nobuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa ukuthola i-hydrogen ngempumelelo futhi kuphephile.

Enye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu i-electrolysis yamanzi, eyenziwa ngokusebenzisa ugesi ukuhlukanisa ama-molecule amanzi abe yi-hydrogen nomoya-mpilo. Le nqubo isetshenziswa kabanzi ngenxa yobulula nokutholakala kwezinto ezidingekayo ukuze isetshenziswe.

Enye indlela esetshenziswayo ukuguqula igesi yemvelo, ehlanganisa ukuguqula i-methane ekhona kugesi yemvelo ibe i-hydrogen ne-carbon dioxide. Le nqubo yenziwa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kusetshenziswa ama-catalysts athile. Kuyindlela ephumelelayo nenenzuzo, kodwa ihilela ukukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa.

5. Ukugcinwa nokunikezwa kwe-hydrogen: Incazelo yezinhlelo nezindlela ezisetshenziswa ukugcina nokusabalalisa i-hydrogen enjinini.

Kulesi sigaba, kuzonikezwa incazelo eningiliziwe yezinhlelo nezindlela ezisetshenziswa ukugcina nokuhlinzeka nge-hydrogen enjinini. Ukugcinwa nokusabalalisa i-hydrogen yizici ezibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwe-fuel cell kanye nobuchwepheshe benjini ye-hydrogen.

Kunezindlela ezimbalwa ezijwayelekile zokugcina i-hydrogen ezisetshenziswa embonini. Enye yazo indawo yokugcina ithangi elinomfutho ophezulu, lapho i-hydrogen icindezelwa futhi igcinwe kumasilinda noma emathangini ngomfutho ophakeme kakhulu. Enye indlela iwukugcina esimweni soketshezi, lapho i-hydrogen ipholiswa khona ibe izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu ukuze ibe uketshezi futhi igcinwe emathangeni e-cryogenic.

Mayelana nokusatshalaliswa kwe-hydrogen, izinhlelo zamapayipi zisetshenziselwa ukuthutha igesi ukusuka ezindaweni zokukhiqiza kuya ezindaweni zokusetshenziswa. Lezi zinhlelo zamapayipi kufanele ziklanywe futhi zakhiwe ukuze zimelane nokucindezela okukhethekile nezimo ezidingekayo ku-hydrogen. Ukwengeza, amasistimu okucindezela asetshenziselwa ukwandisa ingcindezi ye-hydrogen kanye nezinhlelo zokunciphisa amandla zisetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ingcindezi ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa ezinjinini nasemangqamuzaneni kaphethiloli.

6. Ukusebenza kabusha nokusebenza: Ukuhlolwa kwezici zokuphinda zisebenze kwe-hydrogen kanye nomthelela wayo ekusebenzeni kwenjini

Ukuze uhlole izici zokuphinda zisebenze kwe-hydrogen kanye nomthelela wayo ekusebenzeni kwenjini, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuhlaziya okuphelele okuhlanganisa izici ezihlukene. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-hydrogen iyasebenza kakhulu futhi ingaletha izingozi zokuphepha uma ingaphathwa kahle. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.

Uma izinyathelo zokuphepha sezisunguliwe, izici zokuphinda zisebenze kabusha kwe-hydrogen zingahlolwa kusetshenziswa izindlela namasu ahlukene. Phakathi kwezindlela ezivame kakhulu i-mass spectroscopy, i-gas chromatography, nokuhlolwa kokusebenza kabusha kwamakhemikhali. Lezi zindlela zisivumela ukuba sinqume izinga lokusabela kwe-hydrogen kanye nekhono layo lokufeza ukusabela kwamakhemikhali ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukene.

Ukusebenza kwenjini kuhlobene ngokuqondile nezakhiwo ezisebenzayo ze-hydrogen. I-hydrogen esebenza kakhulu ingathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuvutha enjinini, okuholela ekutheni a ukusebenza okuphezulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-hydrogen engasasebenzi kahle ingathinta kabi ukusebenza kwenjini. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuhlola nokwandisa izici zokuphinda zisebenze kwe-hydrogen ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kwenjini.

7. Izinzuzo nezinselelo zenjini ye-hydrogen: Ukuhlaziywa kwezinzuzo nezithiyo ezihambisana nokuqaliswa kwalobu buchwepheshe.

Injini ye-hydrogen iwubuchwepheshe obunikeza izinzuzo nezinselelo ezihlukahlukene ekusebenzeni kwayo. Ngezansi kuzoba nokuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwezinzuzo nezithiyo ezihambisana nalobu buchwepheshe obuguquguqukayo.

Enye yezinzuzo eziphawuleka kakhulu zenjini ye-hydrogen umthelela wayo ophansi kwezemvelo. Ngokusebenzisa i-hydrogen njengophethiloli, ukushiswa kukhiqiza umhwamuko wamanzi kuphela, kuqede ukukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa futhi kunciphise ukungcoliswa komoya. Lesi sici sikwenza kube enye indlela ekhangayo yokuhamba okusimeme nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-hydrogen iyinsiza eningi, eqinisekisa ukutholakala kwayo isikhathi eside namandla okunciphisa ukuncika kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi.

Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwenjini ye-hydrogen nakho kunezinselelo ezinkulu. Esinye sezithiyo ezinkulu yingqalasizinda yokuhlinzeka. Njengamanje, inethiwekhi yeziteshi ze-hydrogen refueling ilinganiselwe, okwenza ukwamukelwa ngobuningi balobu buchwepheshe kube nzima. Kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa inethiwekhi ebanzi yeziteshi ze-hydrogen ezivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bashaje kabusha izimoto zabo noma kuphi. Enye inselele isekugcineni okuphephile nokusatshalaliswa kwe-hydrogen, njengoba iyigesi evutha kakhulu. Kudingeka izinyathelo zokuphepha eziqinile ukuze kugwenywe izingozi ezingase zibe khona.

8. Ukusimama kanye nemvelo: Ukuhlola ukuthi injini ye-hydrogen ihambisana kanjani nokukhathazeka komhlaba wonke mayelana nokusimama kanye nomthelela wayo kwezemvelo.

Injini ye-hydrogen iwubuchwepheshe obuhambisana nokukhathazeka komhlaba wonke ngokusimama kanye nomthelela emvelweni. Njengoba umhlaba ufuna ezinye izindlela ezihlanzekile, ezonga amandla kakhudlwana, i-hydrogen iyavela njengendlela ethembisayo. Lawa mafutha, lapho eshisiwe, akhiqiza kuphela umhwamuko wamanzi njengomkhiqizo, ngaphandle kokukhipha amagesi abamba ukushisa noma izinto ezingcolisa umoya. Ngakho-ke injini ye-hydrogen iyisixazululo esinobungani nemvelo njengoba inciphisa kakhulu ukungcola okuyingozi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi.

Ngaphezu komthelela wayo kwezemvelo, injini ye-hydrogen nayo inezinzuzo mayelana nokusimama. I-Hydrogen iyisici esichichima kakhulu endaweni yonke futhi ingatholakala emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, njengamanzi, igesi yemvelo kanye nezinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi. Ukukhiqizwa kwayo akunqunyelwe ukutholakala kwezinsiza futhi akukho ngaphansi kokuguquguquka kwentengo kawoyela negesi. Ukwengeza, i-hydrogen ingagcinwa futhi ihanjiswe indlela ephumelelayo, elenza kube lula ukusatshalaliswa nokusetshenziswa kwayo emikhakheni ehlukene, njengezokuthutha, izimboni nezindawo zokuhlala.

Kodwa-ke, nakuba injini ye-hydrogen ibonisa amandla amakhulu okuthuthukisa ukusimama nokunciphisa umthelela wendawo, zisekhona izinselele okufanele zixazululwe. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen kudinga inani elikhulu lamandla, okuphakamisa umbuzo wokuthi ungawathola kanjani la mandla emithonjeni evuselelekayo esikhundleni sokusebenzisa izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi. Ukwengeza, ingqalasizinda yokusatshalaliswa kwe-hydrogen nokuhlinzekwa kwayo isalinganiselwe, okwenza kube nzima ukutholwa kwe-hydrogen. Naphezu kwalezi zinselele, injini ye-hydrogen isalokhu iyinketho ethembisayo futhi kulindeleke ukuthi idlale indima ebalulekile ekushayeleni ikusasa elisimeme nelinobungani kwemvelo.

9. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amasistimu okuqhubela phambili: Ukuqhathanisa phakathi kwenjini ye-hydrogen nezinye izindlela ezingasetshenziswa emakethe.

Injini ye-hydrogen iyindlela ethembisayo emkhakheni wokuqhuba, futhi kulesi sigaba kuzokwenziwa ukuqhathanisa okuphelele nezinye izindlela ezikhona. emakethe. Ngezansi, ezinye zezici eziyinhloko nomehluko phakathi kwenjini ye-hydrogen nezinye izinhlelo ezivamile zokuphehla zizokwethulwa.

1. Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla: Injini ye-hydrogen igqama ngokusebenzisa amandla ayo aphezulu. Ngokungafani nezinjini ezivamile zangaphakathi ezivuthayo ezisebenzisa uphethiloli noma udizili, injini ye-hydrogen iguqula amandla amakhemikhali e-hydrogen abe amandla asetshenziswayo, angakhiqizi nhlobo imfucuza engcolisayo. Lokhu kusebenza kahle kuvumela ukusebenza okukhulu kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa.

2. Isitoreji nokuzimela: Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zenjini ye-hydrogen amandla okugcina amandla. Ngokungafani namabhethri emoto kagesi, ukuzimela kwawo kunqunyelwe umthamo wawo wokugcina, i-hydrogen ingagcinwa ngobuningi, okuvumela ukuzimela okukhulu kwezimoto ezinikezwa yilolu hlobo lwenjini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhathi sokushajwa kabusha kwe-hydrogen sifushane kakhulu uma siqhathaniswa nesikhathi esidingekayo ukushaja ibhethri.

3. Ingqalasizinda yokuhlinzeka: Nakuba injini ye-hydrogen inezinzuzo ezimbalwa, enye yezinselelo ezinkulu ezihlobene nokwamukelwa kwayo ngobuningi ukuntuleka kwengqalasizinda yokuhlinzeka. Njengamanje, inethiwekhi yeziteshi ze-hydrogen refueling ilinganiselwe uma iqhathaniswa neziteshi zokushaja izimoto zikagesi noma iziteshi ezivamile zokugcwalisa amafutha. Kodwa-ke, isidingo esikhulayo kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kuqhuba ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda ye-hydrogen ebanzi futhi efinyeleleka kalula. kubasebenzisi.

Sengiphetha, ukuqhathanisa phakathi kwenjini ye-hydrogen nezinye izindlela ezikhona emakethe kugqamisa izinzuzo maqondana nokusebenza kahle kwamandla, ukugcinwa nokuzimela. Naphezu kwezinselele ezihambisana nengqalasizinda yokuhlinzeka, injini ye-hydrogen ivela njengesixazululo esimeme futhi esithembisayo emkhakheni wokuqhubeza phambili, enamandla okunciphisa ukukhishwa okungcolile nokwandisa ukuzimela kwezimoto.

10. Ucwaningo lwenjini ye-hydrogen oluqhubekayo noluzayo: Isifinyezo socwaningo lwamanje namathemba esikhathi esizayo emkhakheni wezinjini ze-hydrogen.

Njengamanje, kwenziwa ucwaningo oluningi emkhakheni wezinjini ze-hydrogen, ngenhloso yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwazo nokusebenza kwazo. Enye yezindawo ezithembisayo zocwaningo ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe be-fuel cell, okuvumela i-hydrogen ukuthi iguqulwe ibe ugesi ngendlela ehlanzekile nephumelelayo. Ososayensi basebenzela ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana kaphethiloli ahlangene futhi alula, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwama-catalyst amasha avumela ukusabela okushesha nakakhulu nangempumelelo kakhudlwana. Lezi zindlela ezintsha zingagcina ziholele ekwamukelweni kwezinjini eziningi ze-hydrogen emikhakheni ehlukahlukene efana nezokuthutha kanye nokuphehla ugesi.

Enye indawo ebalulekile yocwaningo ukugcinwa kwe-hydrogen, njengoba ukugcinwa kwayo okuphephile nokusebenza kahle kubalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwayo njengophethiloli. Kucutshungulwa izindlela ezihlukene zokugcina, njengokugcinwa komfutho ophezulu, ukugcinwa ngendlela yama-hydrides ensimbi, nokugcinwa ngendlela yoketshezi lwe-cryogenic. Abacwaningi baphinde bahlole nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezintsha, njengezinto ze-nanostructured, ukuthuthukisa umthamo wokulondoloza nokunciphisa izingozi ezihlobene.

Ngokuqondene nekusasa lenjini ye-hydrogen, ucwaningo lwamanje kulindeleke ukuthi luholele ekuthuthukisweni okuphawulekayo ekusetshenzisweni kwayo ngezinga elikhulu. Njengamanje, izinjini ze-hydrogen zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwe-niche kanye nama-prototypes okuhlola, kodwa kulindeleke ukuthi zibe inketho esebenzayo neqhubekayo yokuhamba kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe nengqalasizinda ehlobene iqhubeka nokuthuthuka, singase sibone ukuthunyelwa okukhulu kwezinjini ze-hydrogen ezimotweni, emalolini, ezitimeleni, ngisho nasekukhiqizeni amandla amakhulu.

11. Ukusetshenziswa kwamanje kwenjini ye-hydrogen: Ukwethulwa kwezindawo lapho lobu buchwepheshe busetshenziswe ngempumelelo.

Injini ye-hydrogen ithole izinhlelo zokusebenza eziphumelelayo emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, egqamisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo embonini yezimoto, ukukhiqiza ugesi kanye nezokuthutha zasolwandle. Emkhakheni wezimoto, lobu buchwepheshe busetshenziswe ezimotweni zabagibeli nezentengiso, ngenhloso yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi engcolisayo kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli.

Emkhakheni wokukhiqiza amandla, injini ye-hydrogen isetshenziselwe ukukhiqizwa kukagesi ezitshalweni zamandla avuselelekayo. Lokhu kufezwa ngokushiswa kwe-hydrogen, ekhiqiza umhwamuko wamanzi oshayela izinjini zomoya noma amajeneretha kagesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwale njini ekuhlanganiseni nasekusetshenzisweni kwesistimu yokusekelayo kufakazele ukuthi kuyisixazululo esisebenzayo nesimeme.

Enye indawo lapho injini ye-hydrogen isetshenziswe khona ngempumelelo ukuthutha olwandle. Imikhumbi esebenzisa i-hydrogen fuel cell njengomthombo wamandla iyindlela ethembisayo kunezinjini ezivamile zikadizili. Le mikhumbi iyonga amandla kakhudlwana futhi ikhipha izinto ezingcolisayo ezimbalwa, ngaleyo ndlela ibe negalelo ekwehliseni indawo yemvelo olwandle.

12. Imithetho nemithethonqubo: Incazelo yemithetho nemithethonqubo ethinta injini ye-hydrogen nokusetshenziswa kwayo emazweni ahlukene

Ezweni lobuchwepheshe benjini ye-hydrogen, kuyadingeka ukucabangela imithetho nemithethonqubo yamanje ethinta ukuthuthukiswa nokusetshenziswa kwayo emazweni ahlukene. Le mithethonqubo yakhelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha, ukusebenza kahle kanye nokusimama kwalobu buchwepheshe obusha.

Emazweni amaningi, njenge I-USA naseJalimane, kunemithetho ethile elawula ukuqaliswa nokusetshenziswa kwezinjini ze-hydrogen. Le mithetho isungula amazinga okuphepha kanye nokukhipha umoya okufanele izimoto ezifakwe lolu hlobo lwenjini zihlangabezane nazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, balawula izici ezihlobene namandla nokucindezela kwamathangi okugcina i-hydrogen, kanye nezinqubo zokugcinwa nokubuyekezwa kwalezi zinhlelo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amazwe athile nawo aye asungula izikhuthazo zezomnotho zokugqugquzela ukwamukelwa kwezinjini ze-hydrogen. Lezi zinzuzo zingabandakanya izinzuzo zentela, izibonelelo, kanye nezilinganiso ezincishisiwe zezimoto ezihlonyiswe ngalobu buchwepheshe. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi imithetho nemithethonqubo ingahluka kuye ngamazwe, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukwazi imithetho ethile yesifunda ngasinye ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma ukusebenzisa izinjini ze-hydrogen.

13. Izidingo zokunakekela nokuphepha: Ulwazi ngokunakekelwa kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha kwenjini ye-hydrogen.

Ulwazi ngokunakekelwa kanye nezindlela zokuphepha ezidingekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha kwenjini ye-hydrogen:

1. Ukugcina i-hydrogen efanele: kubalulekile ukugcina i-hydrogen igcinwe ngokuphephile ukugwema noma iyiphi ingozi. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa iziqukathi eziklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukugcinwa kwe-hydrogen, okumele zivalwe kahle futhi zibekwe ezindaweni ezinomoya omuhle. Ukwengeza, ukuthintana kwe-hydrogen nemithombo yokushisa noma amalangabi avulekile kufanele kugwenywe, njengoba lokhu kungase kubangele umlilo noma ukuqhuma. Ukugcinwa okuphephile kwe-hydrogen kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwenjini futhi kuncishiswe izingozi ezihlobene.

2. Ukugcinwa nokuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile: kuyadingeka ukunakekela njalo injini ye-hydrogen ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwayo ngendlela efanele. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlola nokuhlanza njalo izingxenye ezibalulekile ezifana nama-electrode kanye nesistimu yokulethwa kukaphethiloli. Ukwengeza, ama-gaskets, amapayipi nama-valve kufanele ahlolwe ngezikhathi ezithile futhi ashintshwe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuvuza kwe-hydrogen. Ukugcinwa kahle kwenjini kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwayo nokwelula impilo yayo..

3. Izinyathelo Zokuqeqesha Nokuphepha: Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa injini ye-hydrogen, kubalulekile ukuthola ukuqeqeshwa okwanele mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwayo ngokuphephile. Zonke izinyathelo zokuphepha kufanele zilandelwe, njengokugqoka izingubo zokuzivikela kanye nezinto zokuphepha ezifanele njengamagilavu ​​nezibuko zokuphepha. Ukwengeza, kufanele kuqashelwe lapho uphatha i-hydrogen, ugwema ukuhogela futhi uthintane ngqo nesikhumba noma amehlo. Ukuqeqeshwa nokuhambisana nezinyathelo zokuphepha kubalulekile ukuze kuvinjwe izingozi futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwakho kokubili injini nomqhubi..

Kafushane, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha kwenjini ye-hydrogen, kubalulekile ukugcina i-hydrogen ngokuphepha, ukwenza ukunakekelwa okuvamile, nokulandela zonke izinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo. Ukugcinwa okufanele, ukunakekelwa kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha ezilandelayo kubalulekile ekusetshenzisweni okuphephile nokusebenzayo kwenjini ye-hydrogen..

14. Iziphetho: Ukubukezwa kabusha kwezici ezibalulekile nokucatshangelwa kokugcina kokuthi injini ye-hydrogen isebenza kanjani kanye nomthelela wayo ongaba khona embonini nasemvelweni.

Ekuphetheni, injini ye-hydrogen imelela ubuchwepheshe obuthembisayo obunamandla okuguqula kokubili imboni nendawo ezungezile ngokuphawulekayo. Kuso sonke lesi sihloko, siye saphinda izici ezibalulekile futhi sanikeza umbono omfishane wendlela esebenza ngayo. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuqeda, kubalulekile ukugqamisa ukucatshangelwa kokugcina ngalesi sihloko.

Esinye sezici ezibalulekile zenjini ye-hydrogen yikhono layo lokukhiqiza amandla ngaphandle kokukhiqiza ukungcola okuyingozi. Ngokungafani nezinjini ezivamile zangaphakathi ezivuthayo, ezikhipha amagesi abamba ukushisa nezingcolisa komoya, injini ye-hydrogen ikhiqiza umhwamuko wamanzi kuphela njengomkhiqizo. Lokhu kwenza kube inketho ekhangayo ukunciphisa izinga lekhabhoni embonini futhi kube neqhaza ekulweni nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.

Esinye isici esibalulekile okufanele sicatshangelwe ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kwenjini ye-hydrogen. Ngenqubo yayo yokuguqula i-electrochemical, i-hydrogen ingakwazi ukukhiqiza amandla amaningi uma iqhathaniswa nezibaseli zendabuko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuguquguquka kwayo ngokwezinhlelo zokusebenza nokusetshenziswa kwayo kuyenza ibe inketho esebenzayo emikhakheni eyahlukene yezimboni, okuhlanganisa ezokuthutha, ukukhiqizwa kukagesi kanye nokukhiqiza. Nakuba kusadingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe nokuthuthukiswa ukuze kuzuzwe ukuthunyelwa ngezinga elikhulu, umthelela omuhle ongaba khona wenjini ye-hydrogen. emphakathini futhi imvelo ayinakuphikwa.

Kafushane, injini ye-hydrogen iwuhlelo olusha kakhulu futhi oluthembisayo embonini yezimoto. Ukusebenza kwayo kusekelwe ekuguqulweni kwe-hydrogen ibe ugesi ngokusabela kwamakhemikhali okulawulwayo ku-fuel cell yayo. Njengoba i-hydrogen ihlangana nomoya-mpilo osemoyeni, amandla kagesi namanzi kukhiqizwa njengokuphela komkhiqizo, okwenza kube inketho yemvelo neqhubekayo.

Ngenjini ye-hydrogen, a ukusebenza kahle okukhulu amandla kanye nokwehliswa okukhulu kwekhabhoni engcolisayo. I-propulsion kagesi ehlinzekwa yilesi simiso inikeza ukusebenza kahle okunomthelela ophansi wemvelo.

Nakuba kusenezinselelo zobuchwepheshe nezengqalasizinda okufanele zinqotshwe, injini ye-hydrogen yethulwa njengenye indlela ethembisayo yokushayela ikusasa lokuhamba okusimeme. Ukuqaliswa kwayo ngezinga elikhulu kungase kuguqule indlela esihamba ngayo, kwehlise ukuthembela kwethu emafutheni ezinto ezimbiwa phansi futhi kube neqhaza ekunciphiseni ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu.

Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka futhi buthuthukiswa, singase sibone ukwanda kwezimoto ezifakwe izinjini ze-hydrogen emigwaqweni. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukwenza ucwaningo oluqhubekayo nolwenziwa ngokubambisana ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwalo, kanye nokuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda yokuphehla uphethiloli we-hydrogen ebanzi futhi efinyeleleka kalula.

Ngamafuphi, injini ye-hydrogen iyingxenye ebalulekile endleleni eya ekuhlanzeni nasekuhambeni okuzinzile. Njengoba kwenziwa ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa okwengeziwe, singase sibone ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwalobu buchwepheshe esikhathini esizayo, kuthuthukisa izinga lethu lempilo nokuvikela indawo yethu.