Indlela Yokuthatha Isithombe Sesikrini: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wokuthwebula Izithombe zesikrini sakho
Esikhathini sedijithali Namuhla, ikhono lokuthwebula izithombe zesikrini selingaphezu kwesidingo esilula. Ukuthi ufuna ukubhala iphutha kukhompuyutha yakho, ubonise indlela yokusebenzisa isici esithile, noma umane ulondoloze isithombe-skrini sesikhathi esikhethekile, yazi ukuthi kanjani thatha isithombe isikrini siyikhono elibalulekile. Kulesi sihloko, sizokwethula umhlahlandlela ophelele wokuthatha isithombe-skrini eqenjini lakho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenzisa i-a Ikhompyutha yeWindows, i-Mac, noma idivayisi yeselula.
Ngaphambi kokungena ezinyathelweni ezithile, kubalulekile ukugqamisa ukuthi umsebenzi wokuthatha isithombe sesikrini ungahluka kancane kuye ngedivayisi kanye nesistimu yokusebenza oyisebenzisayo. Nokho, umqondo oyisisekelo uhlala unjalo: thwebula isithombe esimile salokho okuboniswa esikrinini sakho nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ngenhlanhla, iningi lamadivayisi wesimanje anikezela ngalo msebenzi ngokwemvelo noma ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezilandekayo.
Okulandelayo, sizohlola izindlela ezihlukile zokuthatha isithombe-skrini amadivayisi ahlukene futhi izinhlelo zokusebenza. Kusukela ezinhlanganisela eziyinhloko ku-Windows noma i-Mac PC, kuya kuzinketho ze isithombe-skrini ku-iPhone noma Idivayisi ye-Android, sizobhekana nezinyathelo ezithile zenkundla ngayinye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sizokunikeza futhi amathiphu namaqhinga ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yezithombe-skrini, kanye nokuhlela nokugcina izithombe eziwumphumela.
Ngamafuphi, ngalo mhlahlandlela ophelele wokuthi Usithatha Kanjani Isithombe Sesikrini, uzolungela ukuthwebula kalula noma yisiphi isithombe esifanele esikrinini sakho. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi udinga ukubhala udaba lobuchwepheshe noma umane ufuna ukwabelana ngokuqukethwe okuthakazelisayo, ukuba ingcweti kwaleli khono kuzokuvumela ukuthi uxhumane ngempumelelo nangokwengeziwe Ngakho-ke qaphela izinyathelo namathiphu anikeziwe kulesi sihloko ulungele ukuthwebula noma yisiphi isikrini ngokuzethemba. Ake siqale!
Amasu Angcono Kakhulu Ukuthatha Isikrini Sesithombe
Uma ungumuntu othanda izithombe noma uthanda ukuthwebula izikhathi ezikhethekile, uke wazibuza ukuthi kanjani yenza isikrini sesithombeUngakhathazeki, lapha sethula amanye amasu angcono kakhulu okukufeza ngempumelelo futhi ochwepheshe.
1. Thola ukukhanya okungcono kakhulu: Ukukhanya kungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezithombeni, futhi uma kuziwa ekuthatheni izithombe esikrinini, akunjalo. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa ukukhanya okuthambile, okusabalalisa ukugwema ukukhanya okucasulayo noma izithunzi ezingathandeki. Ungafinyelela lokhu ngokubeka i-diffuser phezu komthombo wokukhanya, njengesihlungi noma ikhethini elibonisa ngale.
2. Sebenzisa i-tripod: Lapho uthatha izithombe-skrini, kubalulekile ukugcina ukuzinza kwekhamera ukuze uthole izithombe ezibukhali nezicacile. I-tripod izokunikeza ukuqina okudingekayo futhi izokuvumela ukuthi ulungise ifreyimu ngokuya ngokuthanda kwakho. Futhi, kuzokunikeza inkululeko eyengeziwe yokuhlola ama-engeli okudala nezindlela.
3. Lungisa izilungiselelo zekhamera: Ngokuya ngendawo kanye nomthelela ofuna ukuwufinyelela, kubalulekile ukwazi kahle izilungiselelo zekhamera yakho. Ukwengeza, isebenzisa ukugxila okunembile ukugqamisa imininingwane ebaluleke kakhulu esithombeni.
1. Ukubaluleka kokukhanyisa ezithombeni zesikrini
Esinye sezihluthulelo eziyisisekelo zokuzuza a isithombe sesikrini sekhwalithi ingabe ukukhanya okwanele. Ukukhanyisa kubalulekile ukuze kugqanyiswe imininingwane nemibala yesithombe, kanye nokudala umoya ofunekayo. Ngaphandle kokukhanya okuhle, izithombe zesikrini zingabonakala ziyisicaba futhi zingaphili.
Ukuqinisekisa a ukukhanya okuhle, kubalulekile ukucabangela izici eziningana. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqonda Izinga lokushisa lombala kokukhanya okusetshenziswayo. Umbala izinga lokushisa lisho ithoni kokukhanya, kusuka kumathoni afudumele (okuphuzi nokubomvu) kuya kumathoni abandayo (okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuhlaza). Kuye ngomkhathi ofuna ukuwufinyelela, amazinga okushisa emibala ehlukene angasetshenziswa.
Esinye isici okufanele sicatshangelwe yi- isiqondiso sokukhanya. Indlela ukukhanya okuvela kuyo ingaba nomthelela omkhulu esithombeni sesikrini. Isibonelo, ukukhanya okungaphambili kukhanyisa ngqo isihloko sesithombe, kugqamisa yonke imininingwane yaso. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhanya okusemaceleni noma ukukhanya kwangemuva kudala izithunzi futhi kunezela ukujula kwesithombe Ukukhethwa kokuqondisa kokukhanya kuzoxhomeka kumphumela oyifunayo futhi yomlando ofuna ukukusho ngesithombe.
2. Izisetshenziswa ezidingekayo zokuthola isikrini sesithombe sekhwalithi a
Ukufeza isikrini sesithombe sekhwalithi, kubalulekile ukuba nemishini efanele. Nalu uhlu lwezinto ezibalulekile ozozidinga ukuze uthole imiphumela ehamba phambili:
1. Ikhamera ye-DSLR: Ikhamera yedijithali ye-SLR yekhwalithi ephezulu ibalulekile ekuthwebuleni izithombe ezibukhali, ezinemininingwane. Ikhamera ye-DSLR okungenani enama-megapixel angu-12 ukulungiswa kuyanconywa ezithombeni ezinencazelo ephezulu.
2. I-Tripod: I-tripod eqinile ibalulekile ukuze ugweme noma yikuphi ukunyakaza noma ukudlidliza ngenkathi uthatha isithombe. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi isithombe sokugcina sigxilile ngokuphelele futhi ngaphandle kokufiphalisa okungafuneki.
3. Ukukhanya okwanele: Ukukhanyisa kusemqoka ekuthwebuleni futhi kubaluleke nakakhulu esikrinini sesithombe, kuyancomeka ukusebenzisa inhlanganisela yokukhanya kwemvelo nokukhanya okwenziwa. Isethi yamalambu e-studio noma i-diffuser ekhanyayo yizinketho ezinhle kakhulu zokuthola ukukhanya okufanayo nokugqamisa imininingwane yesithombe.
3. Amathiphu okukhetha nokulungiselela ingemuva elilungile
Uma kuziwa ekuthatheni isithombe-skrini, ukukhetha ingemuva elilungile kubalulekile ukuze uthole isithombe esihle. Isizinda esikhethwe kabi noma esingalungiselelwe kahle singonakalisa ngokuphelele ikhwalithi yesithombe. Ngenhlanhla, kukhona amathiphu ambalwa angakusiza ukuthi ukhethe futhi ulungiselele ingemuva elikahle lezithombe zakho.
1. Cabangela injongo nesihloko sesithombe: Ngaphambi kokukhetha ingemuva lakho, kubalulekile ukucabangela injongo netimu yesithombe ofuna ukusithwebula. Uma uthwebula isithombe somkhiqizo, isibonelo, khetha ingemuva elihambisanayo futhi eligqamisa izici zento okukhulunywa ngayo. Uma uthatha isithombe sokuma ngobude, bheka ingemuva elilula futhi elingaphazamisi esihlokweni esikhulu.
2. Khetha isizinda esiphambene nesihloko sakho: Ukuze wenze isihloko sesithombe sakho sigqame, kuyancomeka ukuthi ukhethe ingemuva eliphikisana naso. Uma isihloko sakho sikhanyayo noma sinombala okhanyayo, khetha ingemuva elimnyama. Uma isihloko sakho simnyama noma simnyama ngombala, khetha ingemuva elikhanyayo. Lokhu kuzosiza ukudala ukugqama okubonakalayo okuzokwenza isithombe sakho sihehe kakhudlwana futhi sihehe.
3. Lungiselela ingemuva ngaphambi kokuthatha isithombe: Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukuthatha isithombe, qiniseka ukuthi ingemuva lihlanzekile futhi alinazo iziphazamiso. Gwema izinto ezingafuneki noma izakhi ezingemuva, njengoba zingaphambukisa ukunaka esithombeni esikhulu. Uma kudingekile, sebenzisa ingemuva noma ishidi lephepha ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ingemuva lihlanzekile Ungakwazi futhi ukuhlola ukwakheka namaphethini ukuze ungeze isithakazelo esibonakalayo esithombeni.
Khumbula ukuthi ukukhetha nokulungiselela ingemuva elilungile kubalulekile ukuze uthole isithombe sesikrini sekhwalithi ephezulu. Qiniseka ukuthi ucabangela injongo nesihloko sesithombe, khetha ingemuva eliphambene nesihloko, futhi usilungiselele ngaphambi kokuthatha isithombe. Ngokulandela lawa macebiso, uzokwazi ukuthola izithombe ezimangalisayo nezihehayo ezizogqama esixukwini.
4. Ama-engeli angcono kakhulu nokuma ukuze kugqanyiswe isikrini
Emhlabeni Ezithombeni, i-engeli kanye nokuma kudlala indima ebalulekile ekugqamiseni isikrini sedivayisi yethu. Lapha sethula i ama-engeli amahle kakhulu nokuma ongasebenzisa ukuze uzuze izithombe ezinhle kakhulu. Qhubeka ufunda futhi uthole ukuthi usithatha kanjani isithombe-skrini njengochwepheshe!
1. I-engeli ephansi: Ukuthwebula isithombe nge-engeli ephansi kudala umphumela wokubukwayo othokozisayo ogqamisa isikrini. Ungabeka idivayisi yakho endaweni eyisicaba futhi uthathe isithombe ngombono ophansi, okuzonikeza umbono wokuthi isikrini siphakanyisiwe. Le engeli ilungele ukuthwebula imininingwane esikrinini futhi ukhiphe imibala egqamile.
2. I-engeli eseceleni: Uma ufuna ukugqamisa ukuklama kwedivayisi nesikrini sayo ngesikhathi esisodwa, i-engeli eseceleni iyindlela enhle kakhulu. Tshekisa idivayisi yakho futhi uthathe isithombe sayo eceleni. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi uthwebule i-contour yedivayisi futhi ugqamise isikrini ngombono ohlukile.
3. Ukuma kwemvelo: Ukuze ufinyelele isithombe-skrini esikhangayo, hhayi i-engeli kuphela ebalulekile, kodwa futhi ukuma. Gwema ukuqina ekumeni kwakho futhi uthole ukuma okungokwemvelo okwengeziwe, okufana nokubamba idivayisi ngesandla sakho noma ukuyibeka endaweni enethezekile. Lokhu ngeke nje kwenze isithombe sibukeke siyiqiniso, kodwa futhi kuzokuvumela ukuthi ubonise isikrini ngendlela ekhangayo nengokoqobo.
Linga ngama-engeli ahlukene kanye nokuma ukuze uthole lawo afanele idivayisi yakho nesitayela sakho kangcono! Khumbula ukuthi ukuzijwayeza nokubekezela kuyisihluthulelo sokuthola imiphumela egculisayo Ungesabi ukuzama imibono emisha futhi uzothola ukuthi ungagqamisa kanjani isikrini sedivayisi yakho kunanini ngaphambili. Iba nobuciko futhi ujabule ukuthwebula izithombe-skrini ezimangalisayo!
5. Ungakulungisa kanjani ukugxila nokuchayeka ukuze uthole isithombe esibukhali
Ukuze uthole isithombe esibukhali ezithombeni zakho, kubalulekile ukunaka ukugxila kanye nokulungiswa kokuchayeka. Nazi ezinye amasu namathiphu ongayilandela ukuze uthole imiphumela enembe kakhulu:
1. Sebenzisa imodi yokugxila efanele:
- Uma uthwebula isihloko esimile, esifana nokwakheka kwezwe noma into, ungakhetha i-autofocus (AF-S). Qiniseka ukuthi iphoyinti lokugxila lisendaweni oyifunayo bese ulinda ikhamera ukuthi iqinisekise ukugxila ngaphambi kokuthwebula isithombe.
- Ezifundweni ezihambayo, njengabantu noma izilwane, sebenzisa i-continuous focus (AF-C). Le modi ivumela ikhamera ukuthi ilandele isihloko futhi ihlale ilungisa ukugxilwa kwayo ngenkathi uthwebula isithombe.
2. Lungisa ukuchayeka ngendlela efanele:
- Linganisa ukukhanya esigcawini futhi usebenzise imitha yokuchayeka yekhamera yakho ukuze uthole ibhalansi elungile phakathi kwezithombe ezinhle kakhulu nezithunzi.
- Ungalungisa ukuchayeka usebenzisa isinxephezelo sokuchayeka. Uma isithombe sibonakala simnyama kakhulu, khulisa isinxephezelo sokuchayeka ngokunyuka okungu-+0.3 noma +0.5 ukuze uvumele ukukhanya okwengeziwe kungene inzwa. Uma isithombe sibonakala silula kakhulu, yehlisa isinxephezelo sokuchayeka ngokunyuka okungu--0.3 noma -0.5.
3. Gwema ukuzamazama kwekhamera:
- Ukunyakaziswa kwekhamera kungabangela izithombe ezilufifi, ikakhulukazi ezimeni zokukhanya okuphansi. Sebenzisa i-tripod noma phumuza ikhamera endaweni ezinzile ukuze ugweme ukuxhawula.
- Uma ungenayo i-tripod esandleni, zama ukubamba ikhamera inganyakazi futhi uyikhiphe kancane ngaphambi kokucindezela i-shutter. Lokhu kuzosiza ukunciphisa ukuzamazama kwekhamera okungahlosiwe futhi kukuvumela ukuthi uthole izithombe ezibukhali.
Khumbula ukuthi ukugxila okufanele nokuchayeka kubalulekile ukuze uthole izithombe ezibukhali, ezivezwe kahle. Linga futhi uzilolonge ngokucupha okuhlukahlukene ukuze uthole inhlanganisela ephelele esimweni ngasinye. Ngale ndlela, uzofinyelela izithombe ngekhwalithi ehlukile!
6. Izinhlelo zokusebenza eziwusizo namathuluzi okuhlela nokuthuthukisa izithombe-skrini zakho
Uma ungomunye walabo abathanda ukuthwebula izikhathi ezikhethekile esikrinini sakho, nawe ungakuthanda hlela futhi uthuthukise lezo izithombe. Ngenhlanhla, kukhona amaningana izinhlelo zokusebenza namathuluzi etholakalayo ekuvumela ukuthi ukwenze ngendlela elula nephumelelayo. Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza namathuluzi azokunikeza izinketho zokulungisa ukukhanya, ukugcwaliswa kwesimo, ukugqama, nezinye izici eziningi zezithombe zesikrini sakho, ukuze uthole imiphumela yobungcweti ngaphandle kokuthi ube umpetha wokuhlela izithombe.
Enye ye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidumile kakhulu ukuhlela nokuthuthukisa izithombe zesikrini I-Adobe Photoshop. Le software yokuhlela isithombe inikezela ngamathuluzi athuthukile nezici ezikuvumela ukuthi ulungise yonke imininingwane yezithombe zakho Ukusuka ekuthinteni kabusha ukungapheleli kuye ekungezeni imithelela ekhethekile, i-Photoshop iyinketho enamandla futhi eguquguqukayo. Enye inketho ethandwayo I-GIMP, uhlelo lokuhlela isithombe lomthombo ovulekile lwamahhala oluhlinzeka ngezici eziningi ezifana ne-Photoshop, kodwa ngaphandle kwenani eliphezulu.
Uma ukhetha ukuhlela izithombe zakho zesikrini kusuka kumakhalekhukhwini wakho, kunezinhlobonhlobo ze izicelo zamadivayisi eselula ongayisebenzisa. I-Snapseed iyisinqumo esihle kakhulu, njengoba inikezela ngezinhlobonhlobo zamathuluzi okuhlela nawokulungisa, kanye nezihlungi nemiphumela yokudala. Enye inketho enconyiwe Iselula ye-Lightroom, inguqulo yeselula yesofthiwe edumile ye-Adobe yokuhlela izithombe. Nge-Lightroom Mobile, unokufinyelela kumathuluzi okuhlela nawokulungisa, kanye nekhono lokuvumelanisa izithombe zakho nokulungiswa nge-Lightroom kukhompyutha yakho.
7. Indlela yokufeza ukwakheka okubukeka okukhangayo
Ukwakheka okubonakalayo kuyisici esibalulekile okufanele icatshangelwe lapho uthatha izithombe ukuze wenze isithombe sesikrini esimangalisayo nesikhangayo. Ngezansi, sethula amasu namathiphu athile okufeza ukwakheka okukhangayo:
1. Umthetho wokuthathu: Sebenzisa isimiso sokuthathu ukuze umise isihloko esiyinhloko noma izici ezithakaselwayo ezindaweni zokuphambana kwemigqa ecatshangwayo ehlukanisa isithombe sibe kwezintathu, ngokuvundlile nangokuqondile. Lokhu kusiza ukudala ukwakheka okunokulinganisela nokukhangayo.
2. Imigqa yomhlahlandlela: Isebenzisa imigqa ebonakalayo, njengemigwaqo, amathrekhi, noma imifula, ukuze iqondise amehlo ombukeli aye esihlokweni esiyinhloko sesithombe. Le migqa isiza ukwengeza amandla nokujula esithombeni, idale ukwakheka okuthakasela kakhulu.
3. I-Symmetry namaphethini: Bheka izici ezilinganayo noma amaphethini esigcawini angakwazi ukwengeza ukuvumelana nokuhleleka ekwakhiweni. Lezi zici zingaba imigqa ephindaphindayo, umumo, noma ngisho nezinto. Ukuwafaka kusithombe-skrini sakho kunganikeza umphumela obukekayo ozothatha ukunaka kwezibukeli.
8. Ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile lapho uthwebula izikrini zedivayisi yeselula
Izikrini zamadivayisi eselula zethula ukucatshangelwa okuthile okukhethekile lapho uzithwebula. Ukuze uthole ikhwalithi yesithombe engcono kakhulu futhi ugweme ukuboniswa okungafuneki, kubalulekile ukucabangela amaphuzu alandelayo:
1. Lungisa ukukhanya kwesikrini: Ngaphambi kokuthatha isithombe, kuyalulekwa ukuthi usethe ukukhanya kwesikrini kube kukhulu. Lokhu kuzovumela imininingwane kanye nemibala ukuthi ishuthwe ngokunembe kakhudlwana, ngaleyo ndlela kuvimbele isithombe ukuthi sibukeke simnyama noma sinephikiseli.
2. Susa ukucabanga: Ukuboniswa kwesikrini kungonakalisa isithombe esiyikhwalithi. Ukuze uzinciphise, kunconywa ukuthi uthathe isithombe endaweni enokukhanya okuphansi noma usebenzise i-diffuser ukuze uthambise ukukhanya okuqondile. Ukwengeza, ungazama ama-engeli ahlukene nezikhundla ukuze uthole indlela engcono kakhulu yokugwema ukubonakaliswa.
3. Sebenzisa indlela efanele: Uma uthwebula isikrini sedivayisi yeselula, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukugxila kubekwe kahle Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa umsebenzi we-autofocus noma ulungise mathupha ubude bokugxilisa ingqondo, okugqamisa imininingwane isikrini. Futhi khumbula ukuhlanza idivayisi nesikrini ngaphambi kokuthatha isithombe ukuze ugweme izimpawu noma ukungcola okungase kuthinte ikhwalithi yesithombe.
Unalokhu kucatshangelwa okukhethekile engqondweni, uzokwazi ukuthwebula izithombe zezikrini zedivayisi yeselula ngekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka. Linga ngezilungiselelo ezihlukene nokulungiswa ukuze uthole inhlanganisela ephelele futhi uzuze izithombe ezinhle. Ungakhohlwa ukuphinda ubuyekeze umphumela wokugcina futhi wenze noma yiziphi izinguquko ezidingekayo ngaphambi kokwabelana ngawo noma ukuwusebenzisa kunoma iyiphi iphrojekthi.
9. Amasu athuthukile okuthwebula izithombe zezikrini ezihambayo
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukwazi ukuthwebula izithombe zezikrini ezihambayo ngokunemba nangekhwalithi. Kulokhu okuthunyelwe, sizohlola okunye amasu athuthukile lokho kuzokuvumela ukuthi uthole izithombe zesikrini ezibukhali nezingafiphali, noma ngabe okuqukethwe kunyakaza.
Indlela yokuqala engenza umehluko ekuthumbeni izithombe zezikrini ezihambayo ilungisa izilungiselelo zekhamera noma idivayisi oyisebenzisayo. Qiniseka ukuthi usetha isivinini sakho se-shutter enanini eliphezulu ukuze umise ukunyakaza futhi ugweme noma yikuphi ukufiphala. Ukwengeza, ungazama ukuzwela kwe-ISO ukuze uthole ikhwalithi yesithombe engcono ezimeni zokukhanya okuphansi.
Enye indlela ewusizo ukusebenzisa i-tripod noma usekelo oluzinzile lwekhamera noma idivayisi yakho. Lokhu kuzokuvumela gcina ikhamera izinzile ngenkathi uthwebula isithombe sesikrini esinyakazayo, ngaleyo ndlela ugwema noma yikuphi ukuzamazama okungase kuthinte ikhwalithi yesithombe Ungasebenzisa futhi isibali sikhathi sekhamera noma ukukhishwa kwe-shutter ekude ukuze ugweme ukuthinta idivayisi ngesikhathi sokuthwebula, okunciphisa ukudlidliza okungenzeka nakakhulu. Khumbula ukuthi uma ikhamera izinzile, imiphumela etholakele izoba ngcono.
Lezi ezinye nje ze amasu athuthukile ongazisebenzisa ukuze uthwebule ngempumelelo izithombe zezikrini ezihambayo. Kubalulekile ukuzama futhi ujwayelane nalezi zindlela ezidingweni zakho kanye namathuluzi. Futhi khumbula ukuthi ukuzijwayeza njalo kungakusiza ucije amakhono akho futhi uthole imiphumela engcono nengcono. Ngakho-ke, ungangabazi ukuhlola nokuhlola ukuze uzuze izithombe zesikrini ezihlaba umxhwele!
Ngingu-Sebastián Vidal, unjiniyela wekhompyutha ozifelayo ngobuchwepheshe kanye ne-DIY. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngingumdali we tecnobits.com, lapho ngabelana khona ngezifundo zokwenza ubuchwepheshe bufinyeleleke kakhudlwana futhi buqonde wonke umuntu.