Indlela yokwenza isekethe kagesi

Izwe lanamuhla esiphila kulo liqhutshwa ugesi, futhi ukuqonda indlela yokwenza isekethe kagesi kubalulekile ukuze uqonde ukusebenza kwemishini nezinhlelo zikagesi eziningi. Ukuthi ufuna ukungena kweze-elekthronikhi njengento yokuzilibazisa noma ufuna ukusebenzisa ulwazi lwakho empilweni yakho yansuku zonke, ukwazi kahle izinto eziyisisekelo zamasekhethi kagesi kubalulekile. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ngendlela yobuchwepheshe nengathathi hlangothi izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokuklama nokwakha isifunda sikagesi esisebenzayo nesiphephile. Kusukela ekukhethweni okufanele kwezingxenye kuya ku- indlela eyiyo Ngokuzixhuma, sizofunda indlela yokuguqula ukugeleza kukagesi kube yizenzo eziphathekayo. Lungela ukungena ezweni elithakazelisayo likagesi futhi usungule isisekelo esiqinile ekudaleni amasekhethi kagesi!

1. Isingeniso kumjikelezo kagesi: Iyini futhi isebenza kanjani?

Umjikelezo kagesi wuhlelo oluvaliwe lwezingxenye ezivumela ukujikeleza kwamandla kagesi. Yakhiwe ngomthombo wamandla, njengebhethri noma ijeneretha, amakhondatha aphethe amandla amanje, kanye namadivayisi anjengama-resistors, ama-capacitor, namaswishi alawula ukugeleza kwamandla. Amandla kagesi ageleza kusekethe elandela imithetho yefiziksi, futhi angasetshenziswa ukunika amandla amadivayisi nokwenza umsebenzi owusizo.

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi umjikelezo kagesi usebenza kanjani, kuyadingeka ukuqonda imiqondo ethile eyisisekelo. Amandla kagesi amelelwa ukugeleza kwama-electron ngomqhubi. Isiqondiso samanje kushiwo ngokujwayelekile njengokusuka esigxotsheni esihle kuya esigxotsheni esibi, nakuba empeleni ama-electron ahamba abheke kolunye uhlangothi. Iyunithi yokulinganisa yamanje yi-ampere (A).

Ukuze isifunda sikagesi sisebenze ngendlela efanele, kubalulekile ukulandela izimiso ezithile ezibalulekile. Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuxhuma zonke izingxenye zesifunda ngendlela efanele, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abaqhubi banamathele ngendlela efanele ezingxenyeni. Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlonipha i-polarity yezakhi, ngaphandle kwalokho amasekhethi amafushane noma ukulimala kwezingxenye kungenzeka. Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukumelana kwesekethe, okungathinta inani lamanje eligeleza kulo. Ukusebenzisa ama-resistors afanelekile kubalulekile ukugwema ukugcwala kanye nokulimala ohlelweni.

2. Izinhlobo zamasekhethi kagesi kanye nezingxenye zawo eziyisisekelo

Amasekhethi kagesi ayingxenye ebalulekile yamadivayisi amaningi nezinhlelo esizisebenzisayo ezimpilweni zethu. impilo yansuku zonke. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zamasekhethi kagesi asetshenziselwa izinhloso ezahlukene. Amasekhethi kagesi ahlukaniswe abe izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: amasekhethi ochungechunge nama-parallel circuits.. Emjikelezweni wochungechunge, izingxenye zixhunywe ngokulandelana, ukuze zamanje zigeleze kuzo ngokulandelana. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kumjikelezo ohambisanayo, izingxenye zixhunywe ngendlela yokuthi okwamanje ihlukaniswe phakathi kwabo futhi igeleza kuzo kanyekanye.

Izingxenye eziyisisekelo zesekethe kagesi zihlanganisa imithombo yamandla, njengamabhethri noma amajeneretha, amakhondakta, njengezintambo zensimbi noma izintambo, y ukulayisha amadivaysi, njengama-resistors noma amalambu. Ngaphezu kwalezi zingxenye eziyisisekelo, ezinye izakhi ezifana nokushintsha, ama-fuse, nama-capacitor angasetshenziswa ukulawula ukugeleza kwamandla kumjikelezo nokuvikela izingxenye emonakalweni.

Ukuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zamasekhethi kanye nezingxenye zawo eziyisisekelo kubalulekile ekwakhiweni nasekuxazululeni izinkinga zamasistimu kagesi. Ulwazi oluhle lwamasekhethi kagesi kanye nezingxenye zawo lungaba usizo emikhakheni efana ne-electronics, ugesi wendawo yokuhlala kanye nezimboni, kanye nobunjiniyela bukagesi ngokuvamile. Ukufunda ukuhlonza nokuhlaziya amasekethe kagesi kuzokuvumela ukuthi uqonde ukuthi amadivaysi kagesi asebenza kanjani nokuthi ungaxazulula kanjani izinkinga ngawo. kahle futhi iphephile.

3. Amathuluzi adingekayo ukuze kuhlanganiswe isekethe kagesi

Ukwakha isekethe kagesi ifomu elisebenzayo, kubalulekile ukuba namathuluzi afanele. Lawa mathuluzi azokuvumela ukuthi wenze ukuxhumana okudingekayo ngendlela ephephile futhi ngempumelelo. Ngezansi amanye amathuluzi abalulekile ozowadinga:

1. Amapulangwe: Amapulangwe abalulekile ekugobeni nasekusikeni izintambo, kanye nokubamba izingxenye lapho usebenza kusekethe. Qiniseka ukuthi unodlawu lwekhala kanye nodlawu lokusika ukuze kube lula ukuphatha izingxenye.

2. Ama-Screwdrivers: Izikulufa ziyadingeka ukuze ukhulule futhi uqinise izikulufu zezingxenye zesekethe. Qiniseka ukuthi unesethi yama-screwdriver anamathiphu ahlukene ukuze afake izinhlobo ezihlukene zezikulufu ozohlangana nazo.

3. I-Wire Stripper: I-wire stripper izokuvumela ukuthi ususe isembozo se-insulating ezintanjeni zikagesi ngaphandle kokulimaza ama-conductor angaphakathi. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze wenze ukuxhumana ngendlela efanele futhi ugweme izifunda ezimfushane.

4. I-Multimeter: I-multimeter iyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuhlola okwamanje, i-voltage kanye nokumelana kumjikelezo. Qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa i-multimeter ehambisana nezidingo zakho nokuthi uyakwazi ukuyisebenzisa ngendlela efanele.

5. I-Soldering iron: Uma udinga ukusoda isifunda sakho, ukuba ne-soldering iron ne-tin kubalulekile. Qinisekisa ukuthi une-ayina e-soldering enamandla afanelekile futhi ulandele izinyathelo zokuphepha lapho u-soldering.

Khumbula ukuthi kubalulekile ukusebenzisa la mathuluzi ngendlela ephephile futhi anele. Ngaphambi kokuqala ukuhlanganisa isifunda, zijwayeze ukusebenza nokusetshenziswa kwethuluzi ngalinye. Cwaninga futhi ulandele izincomo zomkhiqizi ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi uzisebenzisa ngendlela efanele futhi ugweme izingozi. Ngamathuluzi afanele, ungakwazi ukuhlanganisa isekethe kagesi ye indlela ephumelelayo futhi iphephile.

4. Izinyathelo zangaphambilini okufanele uzilandele ngaphambi kokwakha isekethe kagesi

Ngaphambi kokuqala ukwakha umjikelezo kagesi, kubalulekile ukulandela uchungechunge lwezinyathelo zangaphambilini ezizosisiza ukuthi siqinisekise ukusebenza kwayo okulungile futhi sigweme amaphutha angenzeka. Ngezansi izinyathelo okufanele uzilandele ngaphambi kokuqala ukwakha:

1. Chaza inhloso yesekethe: Isinyathelo sokuqala siwukuba kucace ngenhloso yomjikelezo kagesi ozokwakhiwa. Lokhu kuzosivumela ukuthi sinqume izingxenye ezidingekayo kanye nokuxhumana okudingekayo ukuze sifinyelele umphumela oyifunayo.

2. Yenza idizayini yokuqala: Uma inhloso yesifunda isicacile, kubalulekile ukwenza umklamo wokuqala ephepheni noma usebenzisa isofthiwe yokuklama isifunda. Lo mklamo uzosivumela ukuthi sibone ngeso lengqondo ukuhlelwa kwezingxenye kanye nokuxhumana ngaphambi kokuqala ukwakha isifunda ngokomzimba.

3. Buyekeza ukucaciswa kwengxenye: Ngaphambi kokuthenga izingxenye ezidingekayo zesekethe, kubalulekile ukubukeza imininingwane ngayinye yazo. Lokhu kuzosivumela ukuthi siqinisekise ukuthi izingxenye zihambisana nomunye nomunye futhi zihlangabezana nezidingo ze-voltage, zamanje kanye nokumelana ezidingekayo kumjikelezo.

Ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo zangaphambilini ngaphambi kokwakha isifunda sikagesi, sizobe sikulungele ukugwema amaphutha okungenzeka futhi siqinisekise ukusebenza okulungile kwesekethe kuzo zonke izigaba zayo. Khumbula ukuthi kubalulekile ukuba namathuluzi afanele futhi ulandele imithetho yokuphepha kagesi kuyo yonke inqubo yokwakha isifunda. Isigaba esilandelayo sizochaza ngezinyathelo okufanele zilandelwe ekwakhiweni kwangempela kwesekhethi kagesi.

5. Indlela yokuklama umdwebo we-schematic wesekethe kagesi

Ukuklama umdwebo we-schematic wesekethe kagesi, kubalulekile ukulandela uchungechunge lwe izinyathelo ezibalulekile lokho kuzosisiza ukuthi simelele kahle ukwakheka nokuxhumana kwezingxenye zesifunda. Ngezansi inqubo enemininingwane isinyathelo ngesinyathelo ongayilandela:

1. Thola izingxenye zikagesi: Ngaphambi kokuqala ukuklama umdwebo, kuyadingeka ukukhomba izingxenye zikagesi ezizoba yingxenye yesifunda. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izakhi ezinjengama-resistors, ama-capacitor, ama-inductors, izinsiza zikagesi, amaswishi, phakathi kokunye.

2. Dweba isekethe eyinhloko: Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukudweba isifunda esiyinhloko, okungukuthi, indlela eyisisekelo lapho izingxenye zizoxhunywa khona. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kusetshenziswa imigqa ejwayelekile nezimpawu ezimele isici ngasinye esikhonjwe ngaphambilini. Ungathola okokufundisa ku-inthanethi ngezibonelo zezimpawu ezijwayelekile zikagesi.

3. Xhuma izingxenye: Uma usudwetshiwe umjikelezo oyinhloko, sekuyisikhathi sokuxhuma izingxenye zikagesi ndawonye. Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa imigqa ukumela izintambo kanye nezimpawu zezingxenye zokuxhuma ngokuvumelana nokuxhumana kwazo kwangempela. Lapha kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi uxhumano ngalunye kufanele lunembe futhi lulandele ukucaciswa kwesekethe ebonakalayo oyiklamayo.

6. Umhlangano wesifunda: uxhumano lwezingxenye kanye nezintambo

Ukuhlanganiswa kwesekethe kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuxhumana kwengxenye nenqubo yezintambo. Ukufeza ukufakwa ngempumelelo, kubalulekile ukulandela i-oda le-methodological futhi ucabangele ukucaciswa kwengxenye ngayinye. Lapha sethula umhlahlandlela wesinyathelo ngesinyathelo ukuze ukwazi ukwenza lo msebenzi ngempumelelo:

1. Hlela amathuluzi akho nezinto zokwakha: Ngaphambi kokuqala ukuhlanganisa, qiniseka ukuthi unawo wonke amathuluzi adingekayo, njengezikulufa, amapulangwe, izinqamuleli zamakhebula, i-soldering iron, njll. Kubalulekile futhi ukuba nezingxenye kanye nezintambo ezidingekayo zesekethe esandleni. Hlela yonke into endaweni ehlanzekile nehlelekile, ugweme noma yiluphi uhlobo lwesithiyo.

2. Khomba izingxenye zesekethe: Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukufaka izintambo, zijwayeze ingxenye ngayinye yesekethe. Qinisekisa ukuthi anomthamo ofanele nezici zohlelo lokusebenza ofuna ukulenza. Bheka ishidi ledatha yobuchwepheshe engxenyeni ngayinye ukuze uqinisekise indawo efanele nokuxhumana.

3. Xhuma izingxenye: Qala ngengxenye eyinhloko, ngokuvamile i-microcontroller noma i-motherboard. Landela imiyalelo yomkhiqizi ukuze uxhume kahle izintambo nezingxenye kumachweba azo. Sebenzisa i-soldering iron ne-solder ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izixhumanisi ziqinile futhi zihlala isikhathi eside. Khumbula ukuthi ukuxhumana okulungile kwezingxenye kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwesekethe.

Ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo futhi ucabangele ukucaciswa kanye nezincomo zengxenye ngayinye, uzokwazi ukwenza umhlangano wesifunda ngokuphumelelayo nangempumelelo. Khumbula njalo ukulandela imithetho yokuphepha futhi uthintane nezifundo noma izibonelo uma uhlangabezana nezinkinga noma imibuzo phakathi nenqubo. Ngokubekezela nokunakekelwa, uzofinyelela ukuxhumana okuhle kakhulu kanye nezintambo zesekethe yakho.

7. Amasu e-soldering ukuze ajoyine kahle izingxenye zesifunda sikagesi

Ukuqinisekisa inyunyana efanele futhi ehlala njalo yezingxenye zesekethe kagesi, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa amasu afanele we-solder. Ngezansi ezinye izinyathelo ezibalulekile zokukusiza uzuze ibhondi eqinile nethembekile:

1. Ukulungiswa kwendawo: Ngaphambi kokuqala, kubalulekile ukuhlanza nokulungisa izindawo ezizohlanganiswa. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukususa noma yikuphi ukunamathela, ukugqwala noma ukungcola okungenza ukushisela kube nzima. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa isihlanzi esithile samasekhethi e-elekthronikhi kanye nebhulashi elithambile le-bristle ukususa ukungcola ngobumnene.

2. Ukukhetha i-ayina e-soldering efanele: Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa i-ayina yokusoda yekhwalithi enhle futhi uyibeke ezingeni lokushisa elifanele. Ngokuvamile, kunconywa insimbi eqinile enamandla okungenani ama-watts angu-30 kanye nethiphu elincanyana elihlanzekile. Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukulungisa izinga lokushisa le-soldering iron kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lwe-soldering kanye nezingxenye okumele zihlanganiswe. Ngaso sonke isikhathi landela izincomo zomkhiqizi futhi ugweme izinsimbi ezishisayo kakhulu, njengoba zingalimaza izingxenye.

3. I-Tin soldering: Indlela evamile yokuhlanganisa izingxenye zesekhethi kagesi iwukuhlanganisa ithini. Ukuze uqale, shisa i-solder iron bese usebenzisa i-solder ethile esihlokweni. Okulandelayo, faka ichopho lensimbi ye-solder phezu kokuhlangana kwezingxenye bese usebenzisa i-solder encane endaweni. Qinisekisa ukuthi ithini liyancibilika futhi lisakazwa ngokulinganayo, okwenza uxhumano oluqinile. Ekugcineni, vumela i-solder ipholile futhi iqinise ngaphambi kokuphatha izingxenye.

Ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo futhi ucabangele izinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo, uzokwazi ukujoyina izingxenye zesekethe yakho kagesi ngendlela efanele futhi enokwethenjelwa. Hlala ukhumbula ukusebenza endaweni engenawo umoya futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele zokuphepha, njengokugqoka izibuko zokuzivikela namagilavu. Inhlanhla ngephrojekthi yakho yokushisela!

8. Ukuhlolwa nokulungiswa kokwehluleka okungenzeka kumjikelezo kagesi

La kuyinqubo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kokufakwa kukagesi. Ngezansi izinyathelo okufanele uzilandele ukuhlonza nokuxazulula noma iyiphi inkinga kusekethe kagesi:

1. Ukuhlola okubonakalayo: Qala ngokwenza ukuhlola okubonwayo kwayo yonke isekethe kagesi ukuze uthole umonakalo ongase ube khona, njengezintambo ezixegayo, izintambo ezigqwalile, noma izingxenye ezishile. Futhi hlola amaswishi namafuse ukuze uthole noma yiziphi izimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle.

2. Ukuhlolwa kokuqhubeka: Sebenzisa i-multimeter ukwenza izivivinyo zokuqhubeka ezintanjeni nasekuxhumekeni kwesekethe kagesi. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi ubone iziphazamiso ezingaba khona ekugelezeni kwamanje. Qiniseka ukuthi ulandela zonke izinyathelo zokuphepha futhi uvale amandla ngaphambi kokwenza lokhu kuhlola.

3. Ukushintsha izingxenye ezingasebenzi kahle: Uma ukhomba noma iyiphi ingxenye enesici phakathi nokuhlolwa noma ukuhlola kokulandelela, kubalulekile ukufaka entsha esikhundleni sayo. Qiniseka ukuthi uthenga ingxenye eyidingayo futhi ulandele imiyalelo yomkhiqizi ukuze uyifake.

Khumbula ukuthi ukusebenza ngamasekethe kagesi kungaba yingozi, ngakho-ke kuhle ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuba nosizo lochwepheshe oqeqeshiwe. Uma ungenalo ulwazi noma ukuzethemba kumakhono akho, kungcono ukufuna usizo kumuntu osebenza ngogesi oqinisekisiwe. Ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele kubalulekile ukuze ugweme izingozi futhi uvimbele izingozi.

9. Ukwenziwa kanjani ukuhlola nezilinganiso kusekethe kagesi

Ukwenza izivivinyo nezilinganiso kusekethe kagesi kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwawo okulungile nokuthola amaphutha okungenzeka. Ngezansi kunezinyathelo ezidingekayo zokwenza lezi zivivinyo. ngempumelelo:

1. Ukulungiselela: Ngaphambi kokuqala ukuhlola, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi konke ukuxhumana kuvikelekile nokuthi isifunda sinqanyuliwe emthonjeni wamandla. Ukwengeza, kuyatuseka ukuthi ube namathuluzi afanele, njenge-multimeter kanye nemikhondo yokuhlola.

2. Ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo: Ukuhlolwa kokuqala okungenziwa ukuhlolwa kokuqhubeka, okuqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona yini ukugeleza okuqhubekayo kukagesi kumjikelezo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa umsebenzi wokuqhubeka we-multimeter bese ubeka izinkomba zokuhlola kumaphuzu ofuna ukuwahlola. Uma i-multimeter ikhala noma ibonisa ukufundwa eduze no-zero, kusho ukuthi kukhona ukuqhubeka kumjikelezo.

3. Isilinganiso sokumelana ne-voltage: Okunye ukuhlola okubalulekile ukulinganisa ukumelana ne-voltage ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zesekethe. Ukuze ulinganise ukumelana, khetha isikali esifanelekile ku-multimeter bese ubeka umkhondo owodwa wokuhlola ekugcineni kwengxenye noma ikhebula elizolinganiswa. Ukufundwa ku-multimeter kuzobonisa inani lokumelana. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukala i-voltage, isikali esifanelekile sikhethiwe futhi enye yezinkomba zokuhlola ibekwe endaweni lapho ufuna ukukala khona i-voltage kanye nokunye ukuhola endaweni yokubhekisela noma emhlabathini. Ukufundwa ku-multimeter kuzokhombisa inani le-voltage kulelo phuzu kusekethe.

10. Ukuphepha kukagesi: izinyathelo okufanele zicatshangelwe kuyo yonke inqubo

Ukuphepha kukagesi kubaluleke kakhulu kunoma iyiphi iphrojekthi noma inqubo ebandakanya ugesi. Ngezansi kukhona uchungechunge lwezinyathelo zokuphepha okufanele zicatshangelwe ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuze kuncishiswe ubungozi futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwabantu abahilelekile.

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi konke ukufakwa kukagesi kuklanywe ngendlela efanele futhi kuhambisana nemithetho yamanje yokuphepha. Kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo nezincomo zabakhiqizi bezingxenye zikagesi, ezifana nokushintsha, amapulaki nezintambo.

Ukwengeza, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa amathuluzi afanele kanye nemishini ukugwema izingozi zikagesi. Lapho usebenza ngogesi, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa amagilavu ​​avaliwe, izibuko zokuzivikela kanye nezingubo ezifanele ezingashi. Kubuye kunconywe ukusebenzisa amathuluzi anezibambo ezifakiwe futhi uhlole isimo sazo ngaphambi kokuwasebenzisa.

11. Ukuthuthukisa isifunda: amathiphu okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwawo nokusebenza kahle

Ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza nokusebenza kahle kwesekethe, kubalulekile ukulandela uchungechunge lwamathiphu nemikhuba emihle. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukwenza ukuhlaziya okuphelele kwesekethe ukuze kutholwe izinkinga ezingaba khona noma izindawo okufanele zithuthukiswe. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuhlola ukuxhumana nezingxenye, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye ezifanele zisetshenziselwa umsebenzi ngamunye.

Uma izinkinga ezingenzeka sezihlonziwe, izindlela ezihlukene zokuthuthukisa zingasetshenziswa. Esinye isincomo ukunciphisa ubude bezintambo zethusi kanye nemikhondo ukuze kuncishiswe ukumelana nokuvimbela. Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukugwema ukusebenzisa izingxenye ezingadingekile noma ezingadingekile njengoba lokhu kungase kuthinte ukusebenza okuphelele kwesifunda.

Elinye isu eliwusizo ukusebenzisa i-computer-aid design (CAD) namathuluzi okulingisa ukumodela nokuhlola umjikelezo ngaphambi kokuwusebenzisa ngokoqobo. Lawa mathuluzi akuvumela ukuthi ulingise ukuziphatha kwesekethe, wenze ukuhlaziya ukusebenza, futhi wenze izinguquko ngaphambi kokwakhiwa ngokomzimba. Kubalulekile futhi ukucabangela izinto ezifana nezinga lokushisa, ugesi wokunikezela, nokubekezelelwa kwengxenye ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza kahle kwesikhathi eside.

12. Ukusetshenziswa okungokoqobo kwamasekhethi kagesi nokusetshenziswa kwawo okuningi

Ezweni Amasekhethi kagesi esimanje anezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzayo kanye nokusetshenziswa ezimbonini nasezimbonini ezahlukahlukene. Ukuguquguquka nokuguquguquka kwamasekhethi kagesi kuwenza abe yithuluzi elibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezixazululo zobuchwepheshe kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula. Ngezansi sizokwethula ezinye zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezivame kakhulu zamasekhethi kagesi nokuthi zisetshenziswa kanjani ekuphileni kwansuku zonke.

1. Izinto zikagesi zabathengi: Amasekhethi kagesi abalulekile emishinini kagesi esiyisebenzisa nsuku zonke, njengomakhalekhukhwini, amakhompyutha, omabonakude, izidlali zomculo nezinto zikagesi zasendlini. Lawa madivaysi aqukethe amasekhethi ayinkimbinkimbi avumela ukuguqulwa kwamandla kagesi abe izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamandla, njengomsindo, ukukhanya noma ukunyakaza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-circuits aphinde alawule imisebenzi ehlukene kanye nezici zalawa madivaysi, njengokulungiswa kwevolumu, ukukhanya noma ukuxhumana. namanye amadivayisi.

2. I-Industrial automation: Amasekhethi kagesi asetshenziswa kakhulu embonini ukulawula nokwenza izinqubo zokukhiqiza. Amasistimu okulawula asekelwe kumasekhethi kagesi avumela ukuqapha nokulawulwa kwezinto eziguquguqukayo ezifana nezinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, isivinini kanye nesimo emishinini nasezinsizeni. Lezi zifunda zingabandakanya izinzwa, ama-actuator nezilawuli ezixhumana zodwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle nokuphephile kwezinqubo zezimboni.

3. Amandla avuselelekayo: Amasekhethi kagesi nawo adlala indima ebalulekile ekuthwebuleni nasekusabalaliseni amandla avuselelekayo, njengelanga nomoya. Kuzinhlelo ze-photovoltaic, amasekhethi asetshenziselwa ukuguqula amandla elanga abe ugesi osebenzisekayo kanye nokuphatha ukushaja nokukhipha amabhethri. Ezinhlelweni zomoya, amasekhethi alawula ukucutshungulwa nokusatshalaliswa kwamandla akhiqizwa izinjini zomoya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasekhethi e-elekthronikhi angasetshenziswa futhi ukuqapha nokuphatha ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kwalezi zinhlelo.

Kafushane, amasekhethi kagesi anezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingokoqobo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, kusukela kumishini kagesi yabathengi kuya kumasistimu ezishintshayo zezimboni kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla avuselelekayo. Ukuguquguquka nokuguquguquka kwazo kuzenza zibe ithuluzi elibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezixazululo zobuchwepheshe kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula. Intuthuko kubuchwepheshe besekethe kagesi iyaqhubeka nokushayela emisha futhi ivule amathuba amasha nathakazelisayo emikhakheni ehlukene.

13. Ukuxazululwa kwezinkinga ezivamile kumasekhethi kagesi

Kulesi sihloko, sizokwethula izixazululo ezivamile zezinkinga ezingase ziphakame kumasekhethi kagesi. Uma uhlangabezana nenkinga ngomjikelezo wakho kagesi, landela lezi zinyathelo ukuze uthole isixazululo:

1. Hlola uxhumo: Isizathu esivame kakhulu sezinkinga kumasekhethi kagesi ukuxhuma okuxekethile noma okugqwalile. Qala ngokuhlola zonke izixhumanisi ezisesekethe bese uqinisekisa ukuthi ziqinile futhi zihlanzekile. Uma uthola noma yikuphi ukuxhumana okuxekethile noma okugqwalile, vala amandla ngaphambi kokuzama ukukulungisa. Ukuxhumana okulungile kwezintambo kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle komjikelezo kagesi.

2. Hlola amaswishi: Uma uhlangabezana nokucisha kukagesi endaweni ethile yekhaya lakho noma ehhovisi, hlola ukuze ubone ukuthi iswishi ehambisanayo isendaweni efanele yini. Thola inkinobho efanelekile kuphaneli ye-breaker futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ivuliwe. Uma i-breaker ikhubekile, zama ukuyisetha kabusha ngokuyiphusha yonke indlela uye endaweni ethi "ku".

3. Yenza izivivinyo zokuqhubeka: Uma uhlole uxhumo namaswishi futhi kusenenkinga endaweni yakho kagesi, kungase kudingeke wenze ukuhlola kokuqhubekayo ukuze uthole noma imaphi amaphutha ezintambo noma izingxenye. Sebenzisa i-multimeter ukukala ukuqhubeka kuyo yonke isekethe futhi uqiniseke ukuthi kukhona conductivity kuzo zonke izingxenye ezidingekayo. Uma uthola ukuntuleka kokuqhubeka, ungashintsha ingxenye enephutha noma ulungise ikhebula elimele. Ukuhlolwa kokuqhubeka kubalulekile ukuze kutholwe nokuxazulula izinkinga endaweni kagesi.

Khumbula, kubalulekile njalo ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha lapho usebenza ngamasekhethi kagesi. Ngaphambi kokwenza noma yikuphi ukulungisa, qiniseka ukuthi ucisha amandla futhi usebenzise amathuluzi afanele. Uma ungazizwa ukhululekile ukuzilungisela ngokwakho, ungangabazi ukufonela uchwepheshe kagesi ukuze uthole usizo.

14. Ukugcinwa nokunakekelwa okufanele kwesekethe kagesi ukuze kunwetshwe ukuphila kwayo okuwusizo

Ukugcinwa nokunakekelwa okufanele kwesekethe kagesi kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwayo ngendlela efanele futhi kwandise ukuphila kwayo okuwusizo. Ngezansi kunezinkombandlela ezibalulekile nezincomo zokwenza lo msebenzi. indlela ephumelelayo:

• Hlola ngezikhathi ezithile: Kubalulekile ukuhlola njalo isekethe kagesi ukuze kutholwe izinkinga ezingaba khona noma ukuguga. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlola ukuxhumana, izintambo, amaswishi namadivayisi kagesi. Uma kutholakala ukuthi izinto zonakele noma zisesimweni esingesihle, kufanele zishintshwe ngokushesha.
• ukuhlanza okuvamile: Ukugcina isekethe kagesi ihlanzekile futhi ingenalo uthuli nokungcola kubalulekile ukuze uvimbele amasekhethi amafushane. Sebenzisa indwangu eyomile noma emanzi kancane ukuze uhlanze izingxenye zikagesi, ugweme ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali abrasive noma uketshezi olungase luzilimaze.
• Ukuvikelwa kokulayisha ngokweqile: Ukufaka izivikeli zokuhlinza ezifanele namafuse kungasiza ukuvikela isekethe kagesi ekulayishweni ngokweqile namasekhethi amafushane. Lawa madivayisi asebenza "njengama-fuse" aphukayo lapho i-current idlula ileveli ephephile, ivimbela ukulimala okwengeziwe ohlelweni.

Ngaphezu kwalezi ziqondiso ezijwayelekile, kubalulekile ukucabangela amaphuzu athile abalulekile ukuze unakekele ngempumelelo isekethe kagesi:

• Ungalayishi kakhulu isekethe: Gwema ukuxhuma izinto eziningi zikagesi noma izinto zikagesi endaweni eyodwa, njengoba lokhu kungalayisha kakhulu isekethe futhi kubangele izinkinga ezinkulu. Sabalalisa umthwalo kagesi phezu kwezitolo eziningana noma cabanga ukufaka amasekhethi engeziwe uma kudingeka.
• Bhekana nezinkinga ngokushesha: Uma ubona noma yikuphi ukungahambi kahle ekusebenzeni kwesekhethi kagesi, njengamalambu alokozayo noma ama-fuse avame ukushaywa, ungakuzibi. Lokhu kungase kube izimpawu zezinkinga ezinkulu ezicashile futhi kubalulekile ukubhekana nazo ngokushesha.
• Qasha amasevisi ochwepheshe: Uma ungenalo ulwazi lobuchwepheshe oludingekayo, kuhle ukuqasha uchwepheshe kagesi ukuze enze ukuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile nokugcinwa kwesekethe kagesi. Banolwazi namathuluzi alungile okwenza le misebenzi ngokuphepha nangempumelelo.

Kafushane, ukufunda ukwenza isekethe kagesi kubalulekile ekuqondeni nasekusebenziseni izimiso eziyisisekelo zikagesi. Kulesi sihloko, sihlole izinto ezibalulekile zesekethe, okubandakanya izinto zikagesi, ama-conductor, izakhi, nokuxhumana. Siphinde sahlola izinhlobo ezahlukene zamasekhethi kanye nezinkombandlela zokuphepha okufanele zilandelwe lapho usebenza ngogesi.

Khumbula ukwenza uhlelo oluningiliziwe ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukwakha isifunda sakho, ukhomba izingxenye ezidingekayo futhi udwebe umdwebo. Qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa izinto ezisetshenziswayo namathuluzi afanele, futhi ulandele imiyalelo enikezwa abakhiqizi.

Uma ufuna amaphrojekthi athuthuke kakhulu, ungahlola amasekhethi ayinkimbinkimbi, njengamasekhethi ahambisanayo noma ama-series-parallel. Ukwengeza, ungahlala ucwaninga futhi uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi, njengama-resistors, ama-capacitor, ama-inductors, nama-transistors, ukuze wandise amakhono akho ekwakheni ama-circuits kagesi.

Futhi khumbula ukuhlala ukhumbula ukuphepha lapho usebenza ngogesi. Vala amandla ngaphambi kokuthinta izingxenye, futhi usebenzise amagilavu ​​nezingilazi zokuzivikela lapho kudingeka. Kuhlale kuhle ukuthi kube nokugadwa komuntu omdala noma ochwepheshe uma kwenzeka kuvela imibuzo noma ubunzima.

Sithemba ukuthi lesi sihloko sikunikeze ulwazi oludingayo ukuze uqale ukudala amasekhethi akho kagesi. Manje yisikhathi sokuvumela ubuhlakani bakho bundize futhi uhlole amathuba angapheli anikezwa umhlaba kagesi!