Indlela yokukhononda lapho isevisi yedijithali yehluleka: ifomu, i-ODR kanye nomzila osemthethweni

¿Ungakhononda kanjani lapho isevisi yedijithali yehluleka? Uma isevisi yedijithali yehluleka—okubhaliselwe okungasebenzi, ukulethwa okungafiki, noma uhlelo lokusebenza olungasebenzi njengoba bekulindelekile—kukhona indlela ecacile yesikhalazo. E-Spain, kunamathuluzi asebenzayo namahhala akuvumela ukuthi ufune ukuthi amalungelo akho omsebenzisi ahlonishwe. Kulo mhlahlandlela, ngichaza ngokuningiliziwe indlela yokusebenzisa ifomu lesikhalazo, lapho inkundla ye-European ODR ifaneleka, nokuthi yiziphi izinketho zomthetho onazo uma inkampani ingaphenduli. Okubalulekile ukwazi imizila futhi uyisebenzise ngokulandelana kwayo.

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukubhalela inkampani, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inkinga yakho iwela ngaphansi komthetho wabathengi. Izimangalo zabathengi zikhava ukuthengwa kwezimpahla noma amasevisi ukuze asetshenziswe ngasese okwenziwe ngumuntu ovela ebhizinisini.Azifanele izingxabano phakathi kwabantu abazimele (isibonelo, ukuthengisa ku-Wallapop) noma ukukhwabanisa noma imikhonyovu, okumele kubikwe emaphoyiseni noma enkantolo yobugebengu. Lapho sekucacisiwe, ake siqhubeke isinyathelo ngesinyathelo.

Kunini lapho isikhalazo sithathwa njengesikhalazo somthengi?

Akuwona wonke ukungqubuzana kwedijithali okuyingxabano yabathengi. Ukuze kubhekwe njengengxabano yomthengi, kufanele kube nobudlelwano phakathi komthengi nebhizinisi (B2C) futhi kufanele kubandakanye ukuthengwa noma inkontileka eyenzelwe ukusetshenziswa kwangasese. Izivumelwano phakathi kwabantu abazimele kanye nobugebengu azifakwa. (imikhonyovu, ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi, njll.), obulandela ezinye iziteshi.

Uma udaba lwakho luwudaba lomthengi, unesethi yamalungelo nezinqubo zokuqinisekisa ukuthi inkampani iyaphendula. Lezi zinqubo zenzelwe ukuthi zibe lula, mahhala, futhi zibe nezinsuku zokugcina ezicacile.ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisa ifomu lesikhalazo noma ukulamula kwabathengi/ukulamula.

Uhlaka olufanayo lusebenza ezinsizeni zedijithali nasezinkundleni zokuxhumana ngokuthenga komuntu siqu, ngemininingwane eqondene nendawo eku-inthanethi. Inkontileka ye-elekthronikhi isebenza ngokugcwele futhi idala izibopho zazo zombili izinhlangothi.Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukugcina ubufakazi.

Izinyathelo ngaphambi kwanoma yisiphi isimangalo

Qala ngokuqoqa ubufakazi. Londoloza ama-invoyisi, amarisidi, izithombe-skrini, ama-imeyili, izingxoxo, nanoma ibuphi ubufakazi benkokhelo noma isivumelwano (bona ukuthi kanjani). gcina ama-invoyisi neziqinisekiso). Ukubhala kahle icala kuyimpumelelo engu-50%.ikakhulukazi uma kamuva udinga ukulamula noma ukuthatha isinyathelo somthetho.

Xhumana nenkampani futhi ucele isixazululo. Izinkampani eziningi zinenqubo yangaphakathi yokusingatha isikhalazo. Bhala ngokucacile, namathisela ubufakazi, futhi ugcine ukuvuma ukuthi ukutholile. noma isiqinisekiso sokuthi bawutholile umlayezo wakho. Uma inkampani inamafomu ezikhalazo atholakalayo, ungawacela: kudingeka ukuthi akunikeze futhi agxivize ikhophi yakho.

Uma ungayitholi impendulo noma ingakugculisi, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukwenza isikhalazo sakho sibe semthethweni. Isikhalazo esibhalwe kahle kufanele sifake imininingwane yakho, incazelo yokulandelana kwezikhathi zalokho okwenzekile, nesixazululo osicelayo. (isibonelo, ukulungisa, ukushintshwa, ukubuyiselwa imali, noma ukugcwaliswa kwesevisi).

Ifomu lesikhalazo: liyini, lisetshenziswa nini nokuthi ligcwaliswa kanjani

Ifomu lesikhalazo liyifomu elisemthethweni okufanele libe nalo noma iyiphi inkampani, kuhlanganisa nalezo ezisebenza ku-inthanethi. Akusona isikhalazo sobugebengu, kodwa kuyindlela yokuphatha ebophezela inkampani ukuthi iphendule. zingakapheli izinsuku zokusebenza eziyi-10, ngokuya ngemithetho yesifunda.

Ngiyisebenzisa kanjani? Icele esitolo esiphathekayo noma ucele ifomethi yedijithali uma yonke into iphethwe ku-inthanethi. Gcwalisa imininingwane yakho, chaza izehlakalo ngezinsuku, futhi unamathisele ubufakazi.Cacisa ngesixazululo osicelayo (ukulungisa, ukubuyisela imali, njll.).

Kumamodeli amaningi endabuko kunamakhophi amathathu: elokuPhatha, elinye elenkampani kanye nelakho. Thumela lawo asebenzayo futhi ugcine ikhophi yakho enesitembungoba kuwubufakazi bakho bezinqubo zesikhathi esizayo neHhovisi Lolwazi Lwabathengi (OMIC) noma nomphakathi wakho ozimele.

Uma inkampani ingaphenduli noma impendulo ingagculisi, ungadlulisela udaba ku-ejensi yokuvikela abathengi. Ihhovisi Lolwazi Lwabathengi (OMIC) noma indikimba yesifunda izovula inqubo yokulamula futhi, uma kunesidingo, iphakamise ukulamula..

Thumela ifomu lesikhalazo nge-inthanethi

Imiphakathi eminingi ezimele ikuvumela ukuthi ucubungule isimangalo sakho 100% ku-inthanethi. Ngokuvamile uzodinga isitifiketi sedijithali, ikhadi le-ID elisebenza ngogesi (i-DNIe), noma i-Cl@ve PIN. Ifomu lizocela imininingwane yakho, imininingwane yenkampani, i-akhawunti yokwenzekile, nokunamathisela ubufakazi..

Ngemva kokuhambisa, isistimu ikhiqiza inombolo yefayela ukuze ilandelelwe. Gcina irisidi lakho lokubhalisa kanye nanoma yiziphi izaziso ezivela kuphothali.Lokhu kuzoba usizo ekubuzeni isimo noma uma uhlinzeka ngamadokhumenti engeziwe.

Ithiphu eliwusizo: Uma ukuthenga bekuku-inthanethi futhi ungawutholanga umkhiqizo, namathisela ubufakazi benkokhelo kanye nenkontileka noma isiqinisekiso se-oda. Ubufakazi bokwenziwe kanye nesibopho sokulethwa kuqinisa isimangalo sakho.

Kwamanye amaphothali esifunda, uma umasipala wakho uneHhovisi Lolwazi Lwabathengi (i-OMIC), uzodlulisela icala ngokuzenzakalelayo. Uzokwaziswa ngokudluliswa futhi ngeke kudingeke wenze noma yini enye.Abaphathi abaningi babika ukuthi amaphesenti aphezulu ezimangalo axazululwa ngalesi siteshi samahhala.

I-ODR: inkundla yaseYurophu yokuxazulula izingxabano ku-inthanethi

Uma ukuthenga kwakho ku-inthanethi kunenkampani evela kwelinye izwe le-EU (noma uma nobabili wena nenkampani nise-EU, Norway, Iceland, noma Liechtenstein), ungasebenzisa inkundla ye-ODR ye-European Union. Kungenye isistimu yokuxazulula izingxabano eyenzelwe ukuhweba nge-inthanethi okuwela umngcele..

Inqubo ilula: ubhalisa isimangalo, unamathisele imibhalo, bese inkundla isithumela enkampanini. Uma inkampani yamukela inqubo ye-ODR, kufanele ikhethe indikimba ye-ALR eyodwa noma ngaphezulu zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-30. Uzokhetha eyodwa yazo, ukuhlola amazinga, ububanzi kanye nenqubo.

Okubalulekile: Uma phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-30 ungawamukeli inhlangano yesinqumo noma kungekho sivumelwano sokuthi yisiphi, inkundla ngeke ilicubungule icala. Uma umphumela ukhishiwe, uzothola isaziso esinesinqumo.I-European Consumer Center ingakusiza phakathi nenqubo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitolo eziku-inthanethi nezimakethe kudingeka ukuthi zifake isixhumanisi esibonakalayo seplathifomu ye-ODR. Uma ungakuboni kuwebhusayithi, ungakhumbuza inkampani noma ukufake njengengxabano esikhalazweni sakho..

Ukulamula nokulamula kwabathengi

Uma isivumelwano esiqondile nenkampani singenakufinyelelwa, i-Consumer Protection Agency ivamise ukuzama ukulamula. Lena inqubo yokuzithandela, esheshayo, futhi yamahhala ehlose ukufinyelela esivumelwaneni esilinganayo. Uma ukulamula kungasebenzi futhi inkampani iyilungu le-Consumer Arbitration System, ungacela ukunxeshezelwa..

Ukulamula nakho kumahhala futhi kungokokuzithandela kuzo zombili izinhlangothi (ngaphandle kwalapho kwakuvunyelwene ngaphambilini ukubamba iqhaza). Ithimba labaxazululi lizohlola icala, lingaphakamisa ubufakazi, futhi lizokhipha umklomelo obhaliwe. Umklomelo uyabophezela futhi uyasebenziseka, futhi uma usukhishiwe awukwazi ukuya enkantolo kamuva ngodaba olufanayo..

Ukuze uthole ukuthi inkampani iyilungu yini, hlola iwebhusayithi yayo noma uthintane nemininingwane yomphakathi yamabhodi okulamula emphakathini wakho. Lapho kufanele khona, ukulamula kunikeza isixazululo esiqinile ngaphandle kwesidingo sokumangalela..

Kukhona nezinhlangano ezizimele ezinamakhodi okuziphatha, njenge-Confianza Online. Uma inkampani iyilungu, lezi zinhlangano zinikeza izindlela zokuxhumanisa. Azingeni esikhundleni Sokuphatha, kodwa zingasiza ekufinyeleleni izivumelwano ezisheshayo..

Isinyathelo somthetho: nini futhi kanjani

Uma uncamela ukumangalela noma ungenzi lutho kulezi ezingenhla, ungaya ezinkantolo ezijwayelekile. Ezimangalweni ezifika ku-€2.000, ummeli noma ummeli akadingeki.okwehlisa izindleko nokwenza kube lula ukuthi abathengi basebenzise.

Uma kunembangela evamile kwabanye abasebenzisi, kungacatshangwa icala lesenzo sekilasi. Ngaphambi kokuthatha lesi sinyathelo, kuyancomeka ukuthi ufune izeluleko ezinsizeni zezomthetho emphakathini wakho. Hlala uhlola ukuthi kukhona yini ukwephulwa kwenkontileka okucacile nokuthi unabo yini ubufakazi obuqinile..

Khumbula: uma usuvele uwutholile umklomelo wokulamula wabathengi, awukwazi ukuya enkantolo kamuva ngengxabano efanayo. Khetha indlela ucabangela isivinini, izindleko, nokuthembeka kwesixazululo.

Amalungelo abalulekile ekuthengeni ku-inthanethi: ukuhoxa, iziqinisekiso nokuthunyelwa

Ukuthenga amabanga (i-inthanethi, ucingo), ungakhansela inkontileka ngaphandle kokunikeza isizathu zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-14 zekhalenda zokulethwa. Kufanele wazise umdayisi; kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, uzoba nezinye izinsuku ezingu-14 zokubuyisela umkhiqizo. Umdayisi kufanele akubuyisele imali zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-14 zokuxhumana kwakho, nakuba angase alinde aze athole umkhiqizo noma ubufakazi bokubuyisela..

Uma isitolo singakwazisanga kahle ngelungelo lakho lokuhoxa, umnqamulajuqu unwetshwa ube yizinyanga eziyi-12 kusukela ngedethi yokuphela kwesikhathi sokuqala. Uma wazisiwe phakathi nalezo zinyanga eziyi-12, uzoba nezinsuku eziyi-14 kusukela ngosuku othola ngalo lolo lwazi. Kukhona okuhlukile kumthetho wokuhoxiswa, okumele ngabe kwaziswa kusenesikhathi..

Mayelana nezindleko zokuthumela: inkampani kufanele ibuyisele izindleko zokuqala zokuthumela lapho ukhansela, kodwa ingakhokhisa izindleko zokubuyisela ukuthunyelwa uma ikwazisile kusengaphambili. Njalo hlola imigomo nemibandela futhi ulondoloze izithombe-skrini zenqubomgomo yokubuyisela..

Iziqinisekiso: Ngokuthenga okusha kusukela ngo-2022 kuye phambili, isiqinisekiso esisemthethweni iminyaka emi-3; ngokuthenga kwangaphambilini, iminyaka emi-2, ngama-nuances athile. Uma kukhona ukuntula ukuhambisana noma iphutha lokukhiqiza, umdayisi unesibopho sokulungisa, ukufaka esikhundleni, noma ukubuyisela imali.Amalungelo akho esikhalazo kanye nolwazi awancishiswa ngoba uthenge ku-inthanethi.

Uma i-oda lakho lingafiki, isitolo se-inthanethi kufanele siqinisekise inkontileka noma sikunikeze ukuvuma ukuthi ulitholile. Endabeni yezinkokhelo zekhadi eziwumgunyathi noma ezingagunyaziwe, ungacela ukukhanselwa ngokushesha kokhiphayo.Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela izingozi ezifana I-NFC kanye ne-cloning yekhadiEkudlulisweni kwemali, ukubuyisela imali kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kungase kudinge ukuya enkantolo.

Ukuthengwa kwendawo yemakethe: ngubani onesibopho nokuthi uqhubeke kanjani

Kumapulatifomu afana ne-Amazon noma i-Fnac, umthengisi angaba inkundla ngokwayo noma umuntu wesithathu. Kufanele zikhombise ngokucacile ukuthi umthengisi uyibhizinisi noma umuntu. Uma kungumuntu ozimele, imithetho yabathengi ayisebenzi ngendlela efanayo. futhi amalungelo angahluka.

Inkundla kufanele ichaze ukuthi izibopho zihlukaniswa kanjani phakathi komthengisi nendawo yemakethe, yiziphi iziqinisekiso noma umshwalense ewunikezayo, nokuthi yiziphi izindlela zokuxazulula izingxabano ezikhona. Uma kunezinkinga, xhumana njalo ngeziteshi zangaphakathi zemakethe futhi ukhokhe ngesistimu yazo. ukuze irekhodwe futhi ukwazi ukuzuza ekuvikelweni kwayo.

Izinketho ezengeziwe: ubambiswano, iziphathimandla, nezinsiza eziwusizo

Uma uzithola ubambekile, ungafuna usizo ezinhlanganweni zabathengi. Lezi zinhlangano zinikeza izeluleko, zicubungule izikhalazo, futhi zinikeze ukusekelwa ngokulamula noma ngisho nezinyathelo zomthetho (ubulungu ngokuvamile buyadingeka). Abakwazi ukujezisa izinkampani noma ukukhipha izinqumo, kodwa ulwazi lwabo lusheshisa amacala amaningi.

Ungaphinda udlulisele isikhalazo kuziphathimandla zokuvikela abathengi: ezingeni lendawo (OMIC), ezingeni lesifunda (Ama-General Directorates of Consumer Affairs) noma, uma inkampani ingaphandle kwe-Spain, uye ku-European Consumer Center (ECC). Lezi zikhungo zinikeza isiqondiso, ukulamula, futhi, lapho kufanele, zenze kusebenze izindlela zokulawula.

Izinsiza zomphakathi ezithakaselwayo: Amabhodi Okulamula Kwabathengi, Abaqondisi Jikelele Bezifunda, i-OMIC kanye ne-CEC. Hlola amawebhusayithi abo asemthethweni ukuze uthole izinombolo zocingo, amafomu, namamephu ehhovisi.

Izikhalazo ngomkhakha: ngubani ongathintana naye esimweni ngasinye

Eminye imikhakha inabalawuli abathize noma izinsiza zezikhalazo. Ukuzisebenzisa kuyalula futhi kuhlele inqubo. Lezi yizindawo okuyizona ezihamba phambili ngokohlobo lwengxabano:

• Amabhange nezikhungo zezimali: Isevisi Yezikhalazo Yebhange LaseSpain.
• Ukutshalwa kwezimali nezibambiso: Ikhomishini Yemakethe Yezibambiso Kazwelonke (CNMV).
• Umshwalense nezimpesheni: I-Directorate General of Insurance kanye Nezikhwama Zempesheni.
• Ezokuxhumana ngocingo: Telecommunications User Service Office.
• Ezokuthutha ngendiza: I-State Aviation Safety Agency (AESA).
• Ezokuthutha zasolwandle: imizimba enekhono ekukhanselweni nasekubambezelekeni.
• Izinsiza (ugesi, igesi, amanzi): Ihhovisi Lendawo Yolwazi Lwabathengi (i-OMIC) noma iHhovisi Jikelele lesifunda Lezindaba Zabathengi.
• Ukuvikelwa Kwedatha: I-Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD).

Ukuya enhlanganweni efanele kungasho ukuthi isicelo sakho sizocutshungulwa kusetshenziswa indlela yobuchwepheshe evela emkhakheni. Lokhu kwandisa izixazululo eziningi, ikakhulukazi ezokuxhumana, ezamabhange, kanye nomshwalense..

Indlela Abaphathi abaphatha ngayo ifayela lakho

Uma isimangalo sakho sesitholiwe, i-Administration ibheka ukuthi ingabe ikhona yini imibhalo engekho futhi ingase iyicele kuwe. Uma umasipala wakho uneHhovisi Lolwazi Lwabathengi (i-OMIC), bazodlulisela ifayela lakho lapho futhi bakwazise.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, bazothumela isikhalazo sakho enkampanini ehlongoza ukulamula.

Abaphathi abaningi babika ukuthi iningi lezicelo ziyaxazululwa kulesi sigaba ngaphandle kwenkokhiso kuwe; abanye bakhuluma ngamaphesenti asondele ku-60%. Uma ukulamula kwehluleka futhi inkampani ivuma, ukulamula kuyaqaliswa., ephetha ngomklomelo oyisibopho wazo zombili izinhlangothi.

Noma kunini ungabheka isimo sefayela kuphothali yomphakathi wakho noma ngeziteshi ezikhonjiwe. Gcina inombolo yakho yokubhalisa futhi uhlole izaziso zakho ukugwema umnqamulajuqu noma izimfuneko ezingekho.

Uma, naphezu kwakho konke, singekho isisombululo, ungacabangela isinyathelo somthetho. Hlaziya izindleko, izikhathi ezimisiwe, namathuba okuphumelela ngokusekelwe enanini nobufakazi obutholakalayo..

Okwamabhizinisi nezingcweti: indlela yokuphatha kahle isimangalo sedijithali

Uma ungumhlinzeki wesevisi, isikhalazo esingasingathwanga kahle singakhula futhi sithinte isithunzi sakho, izindleko, kanye nebhizinisi. Ukuzijwayeza okuhle kuqala ngokuphendula ngokushesha nangesizotha, ukulalela ngaphandle kokuvuma iphutha ngokuzenzakalelayo. Phendula ngamaqiniso, chaza inqubo yakho, futhi unikeze ezinye izindlela ezinengqondo.

Buyekeza inkontileka noma imibandela eyamukelwe iklayenti: izinsuku zokugcina, izinto ezilethwayo, iziqinisekiso namazinga esevisi. Isisekelo esingokomthetho sanoma yikuphi ukungqubuzana sikulokho okuvunyelwene ngakho.Yingakho izimo ezicacile ziyizivikelo zakho ezingcono kakhulu zokuvikela.

Bhala yonke into: ukuxhumana, ukudiliva, izinguqulo zesofthiwe, amalogi, noma izivivinyo zokusebenza. Ukulandela umkhondo okuqinile kukuvumela ukuthi uhlole ukuthi kube khona yini ukungathobeli kwangempela noma kwakuyindaba yezinto ebezilindelwe ezingalindelekile..

Noma nini lapho kungenzeka, xoxisana. Kwesinye isikhathi ukubuyiselwa imali okuyingxenye, iwaranti enwetshiwe, noma isixazululo esisheshayo sezobuchwepheshe kungcono kunengxabano ende. Uma uthola ukukholwa okungalungile (izinsongo zokubuyekezwa okungelona iqiniso, inkohliso), gcina ithoni yobungcweti kodwa wenze ngokuqina kwezomthetho..

Uma uyinkampani ethintwa umphakeli ohlulekayo ukuletha (isibonelo, iphrojekthi ehlulekile yokuthuthukisa iwebhu), ungafaka isicelo sokwephulwa kwenkontileka, umonakalo wezomnotho, kanye nokuntula ukukhuthala kochwepheshe. Cabangela ukulamula futhi, uma kufanele, uqale izinyathelo zomthetho ngokuhlaziya ukuthi kungenzeka yini..

Uhlu lokuhlola olusheshayo lokufuna isevisi yedijithali

Ngaphambi kokukhulisa icala lakho, qiniseka ukuthi unakho konke esandleni: umazisi, ubufakazi bokuthenga, inkontileka/imibandela, ubufakazi bephutha, kanye nokuxhumana. Isimangalo esihlelwe kahle nesiqondile sisheshisa inqubo futhi sithuthukise isikhundla sakho..

• I-ID: I-ID/NIE.
• Ubufakazi bokuthenga/inkontileka: ama-invoyisi, iziqinisekiso ze-oda noma okubhaliselwe.
• Ubufakazi benkinga: izithombe, ama-imeyili, izingxoxo, amavidiyo noma amarekhodi.
• Sula isicelo: Isiphi isixazululo osidingayo futhi ngaphakathi kwasiphi isikhathi esifanele?

Uma ukungqubuzana kukubhizinisi kwelinye izwe ngaphakathi kwe-European Economic Area, cabangela i-ODR. Uma kuwudaba lukazwelonke, yenza kusebenze ifomu lezikhalazo kanye nokulamula/ukulamula emphakathini wakho.Lapho uthenga ezimakethe, sebenzisa iziteshi zangaphakathi ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi ugcine irekhodi ledijithali.

Ungakutholaphi ukwesekwa kwesikhungo

Unamaphuzu amaningana okusekela umphakathi: I-European Consumer Centre yezingxabano ezinqamula imingcele, i-Directorate General yesifunda Yezindaba Zabathengi, I-OMIC kanye namabhodi okulamula kwabathengi. Bonke bashicilela izinkomba ze-inthanethi, amamephu, namafomu ukusheshisa izinqubo zakho.

Uma ungakwazi ukulithola ihhovisi lakho, imiphakathi eminingi ikuvumela ukuthi ufake isicelo ku-inthanethi futhi izokunikeza inombolo yokubhalisa ukuze uyilandele. Thatha ithuba lalowo mzila osemthethweni futhi uhlole isimo ngezikhathi ezithile.Uma kukhona amadokhumenti angekho, uzokwaziswa ukuze ukwazi ukukunikeza.

Izinhlangano zabathengi nazo zingabambisene nabo uma ubambekile. Bangasebenza njengabalamuli ezinkampanini, bakusize ubhale imibhalo, futhi, uma kunesidingo, bakweluleke ngesinyathelo esingcono kakhulu somthetho..

Ukufaka isikhalazo mayelana nesevisi yedijithali akudingeki kube inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi. Ngobufakazi, inhlangano, namathuluzi afanele—amafomu ezikhalazo, i-ODR, ukulamula/ukulamula, futhi, uma kunesidingo, izinkantolo—kungenzeka ngokuphelele ukubuyela esimeni futhi kutholwe isixazululo. Ukwenza ngendlela efanele nangesikhathi esinqunyiwe kwandisa amathuba okuphumelela futhi kunciphisa ukutubeka..