Ungayibuyisela kanjani i-GRUB

Uyibuyisela kanjani i-GRUB: Igayidi yobuchwepheshe yokuxazulula izinkinga zokuqalisa ezinhlelweni ze-Linux.

Isilayishi se-bootloader se-GRUB (Grand Unified Bootloader) siyingxenye ebalulekile ezinhlelweni ze-Linux, ezinomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqala uhlelo lokusebenza futhi uvumele ukukhethwa kwezinketho zokuqalisa ezihlukene. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi kungenzeka ukuthi i-GRUB yonakale noma ibhalwe ngaphezulu, okubangela izinkinga zokuqalisa kusistimu. Kulesi sihloko, sizofunda indlela yokubuyisela i-GRUB futhi ukuxazulula ngempumelelo lezi zinkinga.

Isinyathelo se-1: Finyelela imidiya yokufaka i-Linux noma dala i-USB ebhuthayo.

Isinyathelo sokuqala sokubuyisela i-GRUB ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi unemidiya yokufaka i-Linux esandleni, njenge-CD/DVD yokufaka noma i-USB ebhuthayo. Uma ungenayo, kuyadingeka ukuthi udale i-USB ebhuthayo usebenzisa ithuluzi elifana ne-Rufus noma i-UNetbootin, usebenzisa isithombe sokufaka esihambisana nokusatshalaliswa kweLinux okusetshenziswayo. Le ndlela yokufaka izosivumela ukuthi sifinyelele indawo esingabuyisela kuyo i-GRUB.

Isinyathelo sesi-2: Qalisa isistimu kumidiya yokufaka.

Uma sesinemidiya yokufaka i-Linux noma i-USB ebhuthayo isilungile, siqalisa kabusha isistimu futhi siqinisekise ukuthi idivayisi ehambisanayo ikhethwa njengomthombo oyinhloko wokuqalisa kuzilungiselelo ze-BIOS noma i-UEFI yekhompyutha. Uma lokhu sekwenziwe, siqala uhlelo kusuka kumidiya yokufaka.

Isinyathelo se-3: Finyelela kusistimu yefayela yohlelo olufakiwe lwe-Linux.

Uma sesiqale isistimu kusuka kumidiya yokufaka, sifinyelela i-terminal noma ikhonsoli yomyalo lapho singasebenza khona nesistimu yefayela yohlelo olufakiwe lwe-Linux. Kuleli qophelo, kubalulekile ukuthola indawo yokuhlukanisa impande yesistimu, ngokuvamile imelwe ngu-"/". Ukwenza lokhu, singasebenzisa umyalo lsblk ⁢ukukhomba ⁢izingxenye kanye nendawo yazo.

Isinyathelo se-4: Faka kabusha i-GRUB kusistimu.

Uma sesihlonze ukuhlukaniswa kwezimpande zohlelo lwe-Linux, sisebenzisa umyalo impumu ukufinyelela ukwahlukanisa okushiwo futhi ngaleyo ndlela sisebenze nesistimu yefayela njengokungathi singaphakathi kwesistimu yokusebenza. Okulandelayo, sisebenzisa umyalo ‍ ukufaka-ukufaka kulandelwe idivayisi eqondiwe lapho ⁤GRUB⁣ kumele ifakwe kabusha, ngokuvamile ⁢imelwe ngu-"/dev/sda". Lokhu kuzofaka kabusha i-GRUB emkhakheni wokuqalisa we-hard drive futhi kumise kahle ukuphathwa kwe-boot.

Ngalezi zinyathelo ezilula, singakwazi buyisela i-GRUB futhi ukuxazulula ifomu elisebenzayo qala ⁤izinkinga ezingase zivele kumasistimu e-Linux. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi kufanele kuqashelwe ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho usebenza ne-bootloader, njengoba ukusetshenziswa kabi kungase kubangele ukulahleka kwedatha noma ukungasebenzi kahle kwesistimu. Uma ungabaza, kuyancomeka ukuthi ufune iseluleko sochwepheshe noma uthintane nemibhalo esemthethweni yokusabalalisa kwe-Linux.

- Iyini i-GRUB futhi isebenza kanjani ku-boot yesistimu yokusebenza

I-GRUB isifinyezo se-Grand Unified Bootloader futhi ingenye yezingcezu ezibalulekile zenqubo yokuqalisa yesistimu yokusebenza. Kuwuhlelo olutholakala emkhakheni we-master boot i-hard drive futhi inesibopho ⁢ukulayisha isistimu yokusebenza⁢ kumemori⁣ nokudlulisa ukulawula kuyo. . I-GRUB isetshenziswa amasistimu wokusebenza amaningana, kufaka phakathi i-Linux nezinye izinhlelo ze-BSD. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inamandla okubona ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifakwe kukhompuyutha efanayo futhi ibonise imenyu yokuqalisa ukuze ukhethe ukuthi iyiphi isistimu yokusebenza ofuna ukuyiqala.

Enye yezinkinga ezivame kakhulu ezingavela nge-GRUB yilapho yonakala noma ibhalwa ngaphezulu ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwesistimu yokusebenza entsha noma ukuthuthukiswa. Lokhu kungase kubangele ukuthi isistimu ingakwazi ukuqalisa kahle futhi ibonise umlayezo wephutha njengokuthi "iphutha: ayikwazi ukuthola ifayela le-grub" noma "iphutha: akukho divayisi yokuqalisa etholiwe." Ukuze kulungiswe le nkinga, kungalandelwa inqubo ukuze kubuyiselwe i-GRUB futhi kuvunyelwe isistimu yokusebenza ukuthi iqale kahle. Kunezindlela ezihlukene zokwenza lokhu kubuyisela, kodwa enye evame kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-Live CD noma i-USB yokusabalalisa kwe-Linux efakiwe.

Ukuze ubuyisele i-GRUB nge-Live CD noma i-USB, kufanele uqale ikhompuyutha kuleyo divayisi bese ukhetha inketho "yemodi ebukhoma" noma "imodi ebukhoma". Bese, Indawo yedeskithophu efana nesistimu yokusebenza efakiwe izovuleka futhi ukusuka lapho ungangena kutheminali ukuze wenze imiyalo. Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukukhomba ukwahlukanisa lapho isistimu yokusebenza efakwe khona bese uyikhweza. Uma usufakiwe, ungasebenzisa umyalo othi "chroot" ukuze "ushintshe" endaweni. isistimu Esebenzayo efakwe kufayela le- idrayivu kanzima bese ugijima omunye umyalo othi "grub-install". Lo myalo uzoba nesibopho sokufaka kabusha i-GRUB emkhakheni we-master boot we-hard drive.⁢ Okokugcina,⁤ Kuzodingeka kuphela ukuqala kabusha ikhompyutha futhi Uhlelo lokusebenza kufanele iqale kahle, manje nge-GRUB ebuyiselwe futhi isebenza kahle.

- Izinselele ezijwayelekile lapho ubuyisela i-GRUB nokuthi ungayilungisa kanjani

Izinselele ezijwayelekile⁤ lapho ubuyisela i-GRUB nokuthi ungayilungisa kanjani

Ukubuyisela i-GRUB kungaba umsebenzi onzima futhi ngezinye izikhathi sibhekana nezinselele ezingalindelekile. Ngenhlanhla, kunezixazululo ezitholakalayo zokuxazulula izinkinga ezivame kakhulu. Lapha sethula ezinye zazo:

1. Ukwahlukanisa akutholakali noma kushoda iphutha lefayela lokumisa

Enye yezinselelo ezivame kakhulu lapho ubuyisela i-GRUB ukuthola umlayezo wephutha othi ifayela lokuhlukanisa noma lokumisa alitholakali. Lokhu ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngemva kokubuyekezwa kwesistimu yokusebenza noma lapho kususwa ukwahlukanisa. Ukuze uxazulule le nkinga, kubalulekile ukulandela lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• Khomba isahlukaniso⁢lapho i-GRUB ⁢ifakwe khona. Ungasebenzisa imiyalo efana lsblk o fdisk -l ⁤ukuthola ulwazi mayelana nokuhlukaniswa okukhona⁤.
• Lungisa ifayela lokumisa le-GRUB ukuze likhombe kahle ekuhlukaniseni Kungenziwa usebenzisa⁤ isihleli sombhalo⁤ nokushintsha indlela ⁤efanelekile.
• Buyekeza i-⁢GRUB ngomyalo⁢ sudo update-grub. Lokhu kuzokhiqiza ifayela elisha lokucushwa elibuyekeziwe.

Okuqukethwe okukhethekile - Chofoza Lapha  Imenyu Yokuqala Yakudala Windows 10 8

2. Iphutha ekuqaliseni uhlelo lokusebenza ngemva kokubuyisela i-GRUB

Enye inselele evamile lapho ubuyisela i-GRUB ihlangabezana nephutha lapho uzama ukuqalisa uhlelo lokusebenza. Lokhu ngokuvamile kungenxa yokucushwa okungalungile.. Ukuze uxazulule le nkinga, landela lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• Qinisekisa izilungiselelo zefayela /etc/default/grub futhi uqinisekise ukuthi imingcele yokuqalisa ilungile. Ungasebenzisa isihleli sombhalo⁤ ukwenza izinguquko ezidingekayo.
• Uma izinguquko zenziwe, sebenzisa umyalo sudo update-grub ukuze ubuyekeze i-GRUB ngokucushwa okusha.
• Qala kabusha isistimu futhi uhlole ukuthi inkinga isixazululiwe yini. Uma isaqhubeka, ungazama ukufaka kabusha i-GRUB kusukela ekuqaleni ulandela imiyalelo yomkhiqizi noma ufune usizo ezingomeni ezikhethekile.

3. Iphutha lapho kukhethwa isistimu yokusebenza oyifunayo kumenyu ye-GRUB

Inkinga evamile ngemva kokubuyisela i-GRUB ukuthi awukwazi ukukhetha isistimu yokusebenza oyifunayo kumenyu yokuqalisa. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa ye-oda lokuqalisa elingalungile noma ukulungiselelwa okungalungile kwe-GRUB.. Ukuze ulungise le nkinga, landela lezi zinyathelo:

• Guqula ukucushwa kwe-GRUB ukuze usethe i-oda lokuqalisa elilungile.​ Ungakwenza lokhu ngokuhlela ⁢ifayela /etc/default/grub kanye nokulungisa inani⁤ lokuhluka ⁢ GRUB_DEFAULT.
• Qalisa umyalo sudo update-grub ukusebenzisa izinguquko⁤ futhi ubuyekeze i-GRUB.
• Qalisa kabusha uhlelo bese uhlola ukuthi ungakwazi yini ukukhetha uhlelo olusebenzayo⁢ ngendlela efanele.

- Izinyathelo okufanele uzilandele ukubuyisela i-GRUB ezinhlelweni ezihlukile zokusebenza

Buyisela i-GRUB ezinhlelweni ezahlukene ukusebenza

I-GRUB (i-Grand Unified Bootloader) isilayishi sokuqalisa esisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezimbalwa, ezihlanganisa i-Linux ne-Windows. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngenxa yezimo ezihlukene, i-GRUB ingase yonakaliswe noma inyamalale, okungase kubangele ukungakwazi ukuqalisa uhlelo lokusebenza kahle Ngenhlanhla, kunezinyathelo ezingalandelwa ukubuyisela i-GRUB. kumasistimu wokusebenza ahlukene.

Buyisela i-GRUB⁤ ku-Linux

Ukubuyisela i-GRUB ezinhlelweni ze-Linux, ungalandela lezi zinyathelo:

1. Qalisa kusuka ku-Linux Live CD noma i-USB: ⁣Uzodinga imidiya yokufaka i-Linux ukuze ufinyelele isistimu futhi ulungise i-GRUB.

2. Faka i-root partition: Uma usuqalisile kusukela⁤ I-Live CD noma i-USB, kufanele ukhweze ingxenye yempande yesistimu yokusebenza efakiwe.

3. I-Chroot kusistimu efakiwe: Ngokusebenzisa umyalo othi “chroot”, ungakwazi ukufinyelela⁤ isistimu yokusebenza efakiwe ukusuka ku-Live CD noma i-USB.

4. Faka kabusha i-GRUB: Ekugcineni, ukuze ubuyisele i-GRUB, sebenzisa umyalo wokufaka kabusha ohambisana nokusatshalaliswa kwe-Linux. Isibonelo, uma usebenzisa Ubuntu, ungasebenzisa umyalo othi “sudo, grub-install/dev/sda”.

Buyisela i-GRUB ku-Windows

Ukubuyisela i-⁤GRUB kumasistimu ⁤Windows⁢ kungase kube inkimbinkimbi,⁤ njengoba i-Windows ⁤ isebenzisa ⁤isilayishi sayo sokuqalisa. Nokho, kungenzeka ukwenza kanjalo ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo:

1. Qalisa kusuka ku-Windows Live CD noma i-USB: Njenge-Linux, uzodinga imidiya yokufaka iWindows⁢ ukuze ufinyelele isistimu futhi ulungise i-GRUB.

2. Qalisa Ukulungisa Ibhuthi: Phakathi nenqubo yokufaka iWindows, khetha inketho ethi "Lungisa ikhompyutha yakho" bese ukhetha inketho ethi "Troubleshoot" kanye "nokuqalisa Ukulungisa."

3. Buyisela i-GRUB ngokwenza: Uma inketho engenhla ingayilungisi i-GRUB, ungazama ukuyibuyisela ngesandla usebenzisa amathuluzi omugqa womyalo afana ne-bootrec.exe noma bcdedit.exe.

Khumbula ukuthi lezi zinyathelo zingahluka kuye ngokusabalalisa kwe-Linux noma inguqulo ye-Windows. Kubalulekile ukuqapha lapho wenza⁤ izinguquko ekucushweni kwe-bootloader, njengoba ukuphatha kabi kungase kubangele umonakalo ohlelweni lokusebenza. Kuhlale kuhle ukuthi wenze ikhophi eyisipele yedatha yakho ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinguquko.

- Buyisela i-GRUB ku-Ubuntu nokuphuma kokunye (Mint, Elementary OS, njll.)

Isinyathelo 1: Finyelela ohlelweni nge-Ubuntu Live CD noma i-USB.

Uma ulahlekelwe i-bootloader ye-GRUB ku-Ubuntu noma okunye kokusatshalaliswa kwayo okutholakala njenge-Mint noma i-Elementary OS, kunendlela elula yokuyibuyisela. Okokuqala, uzodinga ukufinyelela ohlelweni usebenzisa i-Ubuntu Live CD noma i-USB. ⁢Qala ikhompuyutha ngemidiya ebhuthayo⁢ bese ukhetha okuthi “Zama Ubuntu” esikhundleni sokuthi “Faka Ubuntu”. Ngale ndlela, uzokwazi ukufinyelela ⁤Imvelo yedeskithophu ye-Ubuntu ngaphandle kokuyifaka kusigcinalwazi sakho.

Isinyathelo sesi-2: ⁤Vula itheminali futhi uthole ukwahlukanisa kwakho kokuqalisa.

Uma usufinyelele indawo ye-Ubuntu, vula itheminali usebenzisa inhlanganisela yokhiye Ctrl +⁢ Alt + T. Okulandelayo, uzodinga ukukhomba ukuhlukaniswa kwe-boot yesistimu yakho. Ungakwenza ngokusebenzisa umyalo sudo fdisk -l. Thola isahlukaniso esiqukethe isistimu yefayela "Linux" noma "EXT4" kukholamu "Isistimu Yefayela". Qaphela isihlonzi sesahlukaniso, ngokuvamile esifana nokuthi “/dev/sda1”.

Isinyathelo sesi-3: Buyisela i-GRUB ekuhlukaniseni ukuqalisa.

Uma usukhombe ukuhlukaniswa kwe-boot, ungakwazi ukubuyisela i-GRUB usebenzisa umyalo ‌ sudo grub-install /dev/sdX, lapho u-"X" eyisihlonzi sengxenye oyiphawule ekuqaleni. Lo myalo uzofaka kabusha i-GRUB ekuhlukaniseni ukuqalisa. Bese⁤ sebenzisa umyalo sudo update-grub ukuze ubuyekeze ukucushwa kwe-GRUB ⁢futhi uqaphele izinhlelo zokusebenza⁢ ezifakwe kusigcinalwazi sakho. Uma usuqedile lezi zinyathelo, qalisa kabusha uhlelo lwakho futhi kufanele ubone isilayishi sokuqalisa se-GRUB futhi siqalisa ikhompyutha yakho.

- Buyisela i-GRUB ku-Debian kanye nokuphuma kwayo (Kali, Raspbian, njll.)

Uma ngolunye usuku uthola ukuthi isistimu yakho yokusebenza ye-Debian⁢ noma okunye kokunye okuphuma kuyo, okufana ne-Kali noma i-Raspbian, ayikwazi ukuqalisa ngenxa yephutha⁤ ku-⁢GRUB, ungathuki. Kunesixazululo esilula esizokuvumela ukuthi ubuyisele i-GRUB futhi wenze uhlelo lwakho lusebenze futhi. Kulo mhlahlandlela, sizochaza isinyathelo ngesinyathelo indlela yokwenza le nqubo.

Isinyathelo se-1: Into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukuvula uhlelo kusuka ku-CD yokufaka ye-USB noma ye-Debian noma ukusatshalaliswa okusebenzisayo. Uma usufake kumodi ebukhoma, vula itheminali ukuze usebenzise imiyalo. Khumbula ukuthi ngenkathi uku-Live, uzobe usebenza ohlelweni lwamafayela kusigcinalwazi sakho, ngakho-ke qaphela lapho ufaka imiyalo futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ukhetha idrayivu efanele.

Isinyathelo se-2: Uma usungaphakathi kwetheminali, kufanele ukhombe ukuhlukaniswa kwezimpande zohlelo lwakho. Ungakwenza lokhu ngokusebenzisa umyalo⁤ sudo fdisk -l ukuze ubone uhlu lwama-partitions atholakalayo kudiski yakho. Thola—ingxenye ⁤equkethe isistimu yokusebenza futhi uqaphele igama layo (ngokwesibonelo, /dev/sda1).

Isinyathelo 3: Manje, khweza ukuhlukaniswa kwezimpande endaweni yesikhashana yokukhuphuka. Ungakwenza lokhu⁢ ngokusebenzisa ⁢umyalo sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt, esikhundleni sika-"/dev/sda1" ⁤negama lokuhlukaniswa kwempande yesistimu yakho. Bese, khweza ezinye izingxenye ezidingekayo, ezifana nokuhlukanisa ibhuthi kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwe-swap, kumaphuzu azo okukhuphuka ngokulandelana ngaphansi kwe-directory /mnt.

Landela lezi zinyathelo ngokucophelela futhi ungakwazi ukubuyisela kalula i-GRUB kusistimu yakho ye-Debian kanye nokuphuma kwayo. Hlala ukhumbula ukwenza amakhophi ekhophi yedatha yakho ebalulekile ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinguquko ohlelweni. Sithemba ukuthi lo mhlahlandlela ube usizo futhi ungajabulela uhlelo lokusebenza olusebenzayo futhi!

- Buyisela i-GRUB ku-Arch Linux-based distribution (Manjaro, Antergos, njll.)

Uma ufake i-Arch Linux-based distribution (efana ne-Manjaro noma i-Antergos) futhi uhlangabezane nezinkinga nge-GRUB bootloader, ungakhathazeki. Kulokhu okuthunyelwe, sizokukhombisa ukuthi ungayibuyisela kanjani i-GRUB ukuze ukwazi ukuqala kabusha uhlelo lwakho ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

Ngaphambi kokuthi siqale, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi kunezindlela ezimbalwa zokubuyisela i-GRUB ekusakazweni okusekelwe ku-Arch Linux. Kulokhu, sizokukhombisa indlela elula sisebenzisa ithuluzi lomugqa womyalo ukufaka-ukufaka.

Okokuqala, uzodinga ukuvula isistimu yakho kusuka kumidiya yokufaka (efana ne-USB noma i-DVD yokufaka i-Manjaro). Uma ususendaweni yokutakula, vula i-terminal bese usebenzisa umyalo olandelayo ukuze uhlonze ukwahlukanisa uhlelo lwakho olufakwe kukho:

lsblk

Lo myalo uzobonisa uhlu lwama-partitions ohlelweni lwakho. Khomba ingxenye yesistimu yakho ekuyo bese uyibhala (isibonelo, '/dev/sda1'). Okulandelayo, sebenzisa umyalo olandelayo ukuze ukhweze ukwahlukanisa kumkhombandlela wesikhashana:

ukukhweza / dev / sda1 / mnt
khweza /dev/sdaX‍ /mnt/boot

Khumbula ukufaka i-'/dev/sda1' esikhundleni esihambisana nesistimu yakho. Uma usufake i-partition, sebenzisa umyalo olandelayo ukuze ubuyisele i-GRUB:

grub-install -boot-directory=/mnt/boot/dev/sda

Lo myalo uzofaka kabusha i-GRUB kudivayisi '/dev/sda', okuyiyona i-hard drive okuyinhloko yesistimu yakho. Uma sekuqediwe, qalisa kabusha isistimu yakho futhi kufanele ukwazi ukuqalisa futhi ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

- Buyisela i-GRUB ezinhlelweni ezisebenzayo zeWindows

Uma unesistimu yokusebenza Windows efakwe ⁢kukhompuyutha yakho kanye Linux ⁢ bese uhlangabezana nenkinga yokuthi I-GRUB (i-bootloader) iyekile ukusebenza, ungakhathazeki, sinesixazululo! Kulesi ⁢sihloko sizokukhombisa ukuthi kanjani buyisela⁢ GRUB futhi uthole kabusha ukufinyelela kuzo zombili izinhlelo zokusebenza.

Isinyathelo sokuqala buyisela i-GRUB iqala ⁤kusuka ku-a bukhoma iCD o I-Linux USB. Uma usuqalise uhlelo lokusebenza ku-CD ebukhoma noma i-USB, landela lezi zinyathelo:

• Vula itheminali.
• Qalisa umyalo sudo fdisk -l ukuze uthole ⁢uhlu lwama-partitions kudiski yakho.
• Ikhomba ingxenye efakwe kuyo⁢ Linux.
• Qalisa umyalo sudo mount /dev/sdaX /mnt, esikhundleni /dev/sdaX ngokuhlukaniswa kwe- Linux.
• Qalisa umyalo sudo mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev.
• Qalisa umyalo sudo mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc.
• Qalisa umyalo sudo mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys.
• Qalisa ⁤umyalo sudo chroot /mnt ukushintsha umkhombandlela wezimpande ohlelweni olufakwe ku- Linux.
• Ekugcineni, sebenzisa umyalo sudo update-grub ukuze ubuyekeze ifayela le-config I-GRUB.

Uma usulandele izinyathelo ezingenhla, qala kabusha ikhompuyutha yakho Windows futhi kufanele ubone I-GRUB futhi. Manje ungakhetha ukuqala Windows o Linux lapho⁤uqala ikhompyutha yakho. Uma usenezinkinga zokubuyisela I-GRUB, sincoma ukuthi useshe izinkundla zomphakathi Linux noma uthintane⁤ nemibhalo esemthethweni ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.

- Amathuluzi awusizo⁤ nemiyalo⁤ yokuxazulula izinkinga lapho ubuyisela i-GRUB

Amathuluzi awusizo nemiyalo yokuxazulula inkinga ukubuyiselwa kwe-GRUB

Uma sihlangabezana ⁤ nezinkinga lapho sizama ukubuyisela i-GRUB, kuyadingeka ukuthi sibe ⁤amathuluzi⁣ afanele kanye nemiyalo yokuzixazulula. Ngezansi, sizosho ezinye izinketho ezingaba usizo kulezi zimo.

I-USB ebukhoma: Elinye lamathuluzi okuxazulula inkinga e-GRUB⁤ I-Live‌ USB. Le ⁢divayisi​ isivumela ukuthi sifinyelele isistimu yokusebenza ngaphandle kokudinga ukuqala kusigcinalwazi. Ngale ndlela, singakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yokulungisa nokubuyisela ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwesistimu efakiwe. Ngaphezu kokuba enye indlela esebenzayo, iyisixazululo esingadingi ulwazi oluthuthukisiwe.

umyalo wokulungisa ibhuthi: Esinye isisetshenziswa esisebenza kahle kakhulu sokuxazulula izinkinga ezihlobene ne-GRUB ukusetshenziswa komyalo wokulungisa i-boot. Lolu hlelo luzenza ngokuzenzakalelayo inqubo yokubuyisela nokulungisa i-bootloader, okwenza kube lula ukuyisebenzisa. Ukuze siyisebenzise, ​​kufanele simane siyiqhube sisuka kutheminali bese silandela imiyalelo evelayo.Umyalo wokulungisa ibhuthi uyinketho enhle kakhulu yalabo abangazizwa bekhululekile ukusebenza ngokuqondile namafayela e-GRUB.

buyekeza-grub umyalo: Kwezinye ⁢izikhathi, ⁤inkinga nge-GRUB ⁤ingaxazululwa kusetshenziswa umyalo we-update-grub. Lo myalo unesibopho sokubuyekeza ukucushwa kwesilayishi sebhuthi, ukuskena amasistimu wokusebenza afakwe kukhompuyutha futhi uwangeze kumenyu ye-GRUB. Kuyinketho ewusizo ikakhulukazi uma senze izinguquko kusistimu, njengokufaka isistimu yokusebenza entsha noma ukulungisa ama-partitions. Kumelwe sisebenzise umyalo ovela ku-terminal futhi i-GRUB izobuyekeza ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Khumbula ukuthi lezi ⁢izibonelo nje zamathuluzi awusizo nemiyalo ⁤ukuxazulula izinkinga lapho ubuyisela i-GRUB. Kuye ngesimo esithile, kungase kudingeke ukuba usebenzise ezinye izinketho noma ufune usizo lochwepheshe. Kubalulekile ukucwaninga futhi ujwayelane nalawa mathuluzi ukuze uxazulule noma yiziphi izinkinga ezingase ziphakame ezihlobene ne-GRUB.

-​ Yenza izipele kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha ⁢ngaphambi kokubuyisela i-GRUB

Insiza ye-GRUB (GRand Unified​ Bootloader) isilayishi sokuqalisa esivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ze-Linux. Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi kungase kwenzeke iphutha elivimbela i-GRUB ekulayisheni ngendlela efanele lapho iqala uhlelo. Kulezi zimo, kuyadingeka ukubuyisela i-GRUB ukuxazulula inkinga. Ngezansi kunezinyathelo zokwenza lo msebenzi⁢.

Ngaphambi kokuqala inqubo yokubuyisela ye-GRUB, kubalulekile ukwenza isipele idatha ebalulekile yesistimu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi noma yiliphi iphutha phakathi nenqubo yokubuyisela lingabangela ukulahleka kolwazi. Kunconywa ukwenza isipele amafayela akho abaluleke kakhulu namadokhumenti kudivayisi yangaphandle noma efwini.

Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukuthatha ezinye izinyathelo zokuphepha ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokubuyiselwa kwe-GRUB:

• Dala iphoyinti lokubuyisela isistimu noma isithombe sediski. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi ubuyisele noma yiziphi izinguquko uma kuba nezinkinga phakathi nenqubo.
• Iba nediski yokufaka noma idrayivu ye-USB enesistimu yokusebenza ye-Linux esandleni lokho kuyasetshenziswa. Lokhu kuyodingeka ukuze ufinyelele amathuluzi okubuyisela uma kudingeka.
• Qiniseka ukuthi unamandla anele emishinini. Uma inqubo yokubuyisela iphazamiseka ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamandla, amaphutha amakhulu esistimu angase avele.

Nakuba ukubuyisela i-GRUB kungazilungisa izinkinga zokuqalisa⁢ ku-Linux, kubalulekile ukuthatha ⁤izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele futhi wenze izipele ngaphambi kokwenza le nqubo. Lokhu kunciphisa ubungozi bokulahleka kwedatha futhi kuqinisekisa inqubo yokubuyisela ephephile neyimpumelelo. Ngokugcina ikhophi yasenqolobaneni efanele kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha ezithathiwe, ungakwazi ukubhekana nenkinga ye-GRUB ngokuzethemba futhi ubuyisele ukusebenza okufanele kwesistimu yokusebenza ye-Linux.

- Gcina⁤ I-GRUB ibuyekeziwe futhi uxazulule izinkinga eziqhubekayo

Ukuze ugcine i-GRUB ibuyekeziwe futhi uxazulule izinkinga eziqhubekayo, kubalulekile ukwazi amasu namathuluzi ahlukene atholakalayo. Indlela evamile yokubuyekeza i-GRUB ukusebenzisa umyalo othi ⁢»update-grub» kutheminali. Lo myalo⁢ uskena isistimu ukuze uthole amasistimu okusebenza afakiwe futhi ⁣ubuyekeze ukucushwa kwe-GRUB ngokufanele. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa lo myalo ngemva kwanoma yikuphi ukuguqulwa ohlelweni ⁣⁣⁣⁣⁣, njengokufaka noma⁤ ukukhipha isistimu yokusebenza noma ukubuyekeza i-kernel yesistimu..

Ngokungeziwe ekubuyekezeni i-GRUB, ngezinye izikhathi izinkinga eziphindelelayo zingase ziphakame, njengamasistimu wokusebenza angekho ohlwini lwemenyu ye-GRUB noma amaphutha okuqalisa isistimu ethile yokusebenza. Kulezi zimo, kungenzeka ukuxazulula inkinga usebenzisa umyalo othi "grub-install".. Lo myalo ufaka kabusha i-GRUB kudivayisi yesitoreji eyinhloko, iqinisekisa ukuthi ukulungiselelwa kulungile nokuthi wonke amasistimu wokusebenza afakiwe angaboniswa kumenyu ye-GRUB.

Enye indlela ewusizo yokuxazulula izinkinga ze-GRUB eziqhubekayo ukuhlela ifayela lokucushwa le-GRUB mathupha. Ifayela lokumisa litholakala kokuthi/etc/default/grub. Lapha, kungenzeka ukulungisa amapharamitha ahlukene, njengokuvala isikhathi semenyu ye-GRUB, ukulungiswa kwesikrini okuzenzakalelayo, noma ukwengeza izinketho zokuqalisa ngokwezifiso. Uma izinguquko zenziwe, kufanele ulondoloze ifayela bese usebenzisa umyalo othi "update-grub" ukuze usebenzise izinguquko. Le nqubo iwusizo ikakhulukazi uma ufuna ukwenza ngendlela oyifisayo ukubukeka noma ukuziphatha kwemenyu ye-GRUB ngokusekelwe kokuthandwayo komuntu ngamunye.

Kafushane, gcina i-GRUB isesikhathini samanje nokuxazulula izinkinga eziqhubekayo ziyizinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuba⁤ nesistimu yokusebenza ezinzile futhi esebenzayo. Ngokusebenzisa imiyalo efana ne-update-grub ne-grub-install, kanye nokuhlela ifayela lokucushwa le-GRUB, ungakwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga futhi uthuthukise umuzwa wokuqalisa isistimu. Khumbula hlala ubuyekeza ⁤GRUB​ ngemva kwanoma yiluphi ushintsho ekucushweni kwesistimu futhi ulondoloze ifayela lokumisa ⁢ngokufanelekile ukuze usebenzise izinguquko ezenziwe.