Ungazi Kanjani Imaphi Amachweba Amatasa Ku-Windows

Endaweni yobuchwepheshe ye-Windows, kubalulekile ukuba nolwazi olujulile lwamachweba amatasa ohlelweni lwethu. Amachweba adlala indima ebalulekile ekuxhumaneni nasekudlulisweni kwedatha kunethiwekhi, futhi ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izimbobo ezimatasa okwamanje kubalulekile ekugcineni indawo yenethiwekhi elungiselelwe futhi evikelekile. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izindlela namathuluzi ahlukene azosivumela ukuba sinqume kahle yiziphi izimbobo ezimatasa ku-Windows. Thola ukuthi ungaluthola kanjani ulwazi oludingekayo ukuze ulawule futhi uxazulule izingxabano ezingaba khona endaweni yakho uhlelo lokusebenza IWindows

1. Ayini amachweba futhi kungani kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yimaphi amatasa ku-Windows?

Amachweba angamaphuzu okuxhumana avumela ukuxhumana phakathi amadivaysi ahlukahlukene ngenethiwekhi. Endabeni yeWindows, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yimaphi amachweba amatasa ukuze ukhombe izinkinga zokuxhuma okungenzeka futhi uzixazulule ngendlela efanele. indlela ephumelelayo.

Uma ichweba limatasa, kusho ukuthi lisetshenziswa uhlelo oluthile olusebenzayo noma isevisi. Lokhu kungabangela ukungqubuzana futhi kwenze ukuxhumana kube nzima. namanye amadivayisi noma ukuxhumana kumasevisi athile aku-inthanethi. Ngakho-ke, ukwazi ukuthi imaphi amachweba amatasa kuWindows kubalulekile ukuxazulula izinkinga ukuxhumana nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu.

Ngenhlanhla, ku-Windows kunezindlela ezahlukene zokwazi ukuthi yimaphi amachweba amatasa. Enye indlela iwukusebenzisa Isiphathi Somsebenzi, esibonisa uhlu lwezinqubo ezisebenzayo namachweba abawasebenzisayo. Ukwengeza, ungasebenzisa futhi ithuluzi lomugqa womyalo "netstat" ukuze uthole ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nezimbobo ezisebenzayo ohlelweni. Lawa mathuluzi ahlinzeka ngolwazi olubalulekile olungasiza ekuhlonzeni izinkinga ezingaba khona nokunquma ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo noma amasevisi asebenzisa izimbobo okukhulunywa ngazo.

2. Amathuluzi nezindlela zokukhomba ukuthi yiziphi izimbobo ezimatasa ku-Windows

Ukuze ubone ukuthi yiziphi izimbobo ezimatasa ku-Windows, kunamathuluzi nezindlela ezimbalwa ezingasisiza ukuhlonza nokuxazulula inkinga. Ezinye zazo zichazwe ngezansi:

1. Sebenzisa umyalo we-"netstat": Lo myalo ukuvumela ukuthi ubuke konke ukuxhumana okusebenzayo nezimbobo ezisetshenziswa ngaleso sikhathi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sivula umyalo we-Command (CMD) bese uthayipha "netstat -ano" bese ucindezela u-Enter. Lokhu kuzosibonisa uhlu lwazo zonke izimbobo namakheli e-IP ahlobene nazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, singakwazi futhi ukubona izinqubo ezisebenzisa lezo zimbobo.

2. Sebenzisa ithuluzi elithi "Isiphathi Somsebenzi": Leli thuluzi, elihlanganiswe ne-Windows, lisivumela ukuthi sibone ngezithombe zonke izinqubo ezisebenza ohlelweni. Ukuze uyifinyelele, sichofoza kwesokudla ku- barra de tareas bese ukhetha "Isiphathi Somsebenzi" noma cindezela izinkinobho ze-Ctrl+Shift+Esc. Kuthebhu ethi "Izinqubo" sizothola uhlu lwazo zonke izinhlelo ezisebenzayo, kanye negama lenqubo namachweba asetshenziswayo.

3. Sebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zezinkampani zangaphandle: Ngokungeziwe kumathuluzi omdabu e-Windows, kukhona nezinhlelo zokusebenza zezinkampani zangaphandle ezingenza kube lula ngathi ukuhlonza izimbobo ezimatasa. Ezinye zazo yi-*TCPView*, *CurrPorts* kanye ne-*OpenPorts*. Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zisihlinzeka ngesixhumi esibonakalayo esinembile ukuze sibuke izimbobo nezinqubo ezizisebenzisayo, futhi zisinikeze imisebenzi eyengeziwe efana nokwenzeka kokuvala ukuxhumana okungafunwa.

Ngalawa mathuluzi nezindlela, singakwazi ukubona ngokushesha ukuthi yiziphi izimbobo ezimatasa ku-Windows futhi sithathe izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokuxazulula noma yikuphi ukungqubuzana noma ukugcina isistimu yethu ivikelekile.

3. Ungawusebenzisa kanjani umyalo we-netstat ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izimbobo ezimatasa ku-Windows

Umyalo netstat iyithuluzi eliwusizo lokuthola ukuthi yiziphi izimbobo ezimatasa ku-Windows. Ingasetshenziselwa ukukhomba ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo noma izinqubo ezisebenzisa imbobo ethile nokuthi yimaphi amakheli e-IP ahlotshaniswa nazo. Ngezansi izinyathelo zokusebenzisa lo myalo:

1. Qalisa umyalo womyalo njengomlawuli. Lokhu Kungenziwa ngokuchofoza kwesokudla kusithonjana esithi “Command Prompt” kumenyu yokuqala bese ukhetha inketho ethi “Run as administrator”.
2. Bhala umyalo netstat -a -n -o efasiteleni lomyalo womyalo bese ucindezela u-Enter. Lokhu kuzobonisa uhlu lwakho konke ukuxhumana okusebenzayo kanye nezinombolo zembobo kanye nama-ID okucubungula.
3. Sebenzisa izinketho -a, -n y -o ukuze ubonise konke ukuxhumana, uguqule amakheli nezinombolo zembobo zibe yinombolo yazo, futhi ubonise ama-ID enqubo ahlotshaniswa nokuxhumana ngakunye, ngokulandelana.

Uma umyalo usukhishiwe, uhlu olunemininingwane yakho konke ukuxhumana okusebenzayo nezimbobo ezimatasa ohlelweni luzoboniswa. Lokhu kungaba usizo ekuhlonzeni izinkinga zokungqubuzana kwechweba, ukuqapha ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi, noma ukuphenya okungaba izinsongo zokuphepha. Ukwengeza, ungasebenzisa amathuluzi angeziwe afana Isiphathi Somsebenzi o I-Resource Monitor ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nezinqubo ezihlobene nama-ID enqubo aboniswa yi-netstat.

Ngamafuphi, umyalo netstat ku-Windows inikeza indlela elula yokuthola ukuthi yiziphi izimbobo ezimatasa nokuthi yiziphi izinqubo ezisebenzisa lezo zimbobo. Ngokulandela izinyathelo ezishiwo ngenhla, uzokwazi ukuthola uhlu olunemininingwane yokuxhumana okusebenzayo futhi wenze ukuhlaziya okujulile ngesimo senethiwekhi ku- uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza.

4. Ukusetshenziswa kwethuluzi le-TCPView lokuhlonza izimbobo ezimatasa ku-Windows

Ukuhlonza amachweba amatasa ku-Windows, ithuluzi eliwusizo yi-TCPView. I-TCPView iyinsiza yamahhala eyakhiwe ngabakwaSysinternals ebonisa uhlu oluphelele lwakho konke ukuxhumana okusebenzayo kwe-TCP ne-UDP. ngesikhathi sangempela ku windows uhlelo. Leli thuluzi liwusizo ikakhulukazi ekuhlonzeni ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzisa imbobo ethile kanye nokuhlonza izinkinga zenethiwekhi ezihlobene nokuhlala kwembobo.

Ukusebenzisa i-TCPView kulula kakhulu. Uma isilandiwe futhi isifakiwe, iwindi lizovuleka elibonisa uhlu lwazo zonke izinqubo kanye nokuxhumana kwenethiwekhi okuhlobene nazo. Uxhumano ngalunye lumelwe umugqa efasiteleni, lapho ungabona khona inqubo yendawo nekude, izimbobo zendawo nezikude, isimo sokuxhuma kanye nokusetshenziswa komkhawulokudonsa.

Uma imbobo ematasa itholwa, kungenzeka ukumisa inqubo eyisebenzisayo ngokuqondile ku-TCPView. Vele ukhethe uxhumano ohlwini bese uchofoza inkinobho ethi "Ifayela" kubha yemenyu, kulandele "Vala Ukuxhumana." Lokhu kuzonqamula uxhumano futhi kukhulule imbobo ematasa. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthola ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nenqubo ngokuchofoza kwesokudla ekuxhumekeni bese ukhetha "Izakhiwo." Lokhu kuzohlinzeka ngemininingwane eyengeziwe efana nendlela yefayela elisebenzisekayo kanye ne-ID yefayela.

5. Indlela yokusebenzisa Isiphathi Somsebenzi ukuze uhlole ukuhlala kwechweba ku-Windows

I-Windows Task Manager iyithuluzi eliwusizo lokuhlola ukuhlala kwechweba kusistimu yakho. Ukuze ufinyelele lesi sici, ungachofoza kwesokudla kubha yomsebenzi bese ukhetha “Umphathi Womsebenzi” kumenyu yokudonsela phansi. Lapho Isiphathi Somsebenzi sesivuliwe, hamba kuthebhu ethi “Inethiwekhi” ukuze ubuke ulwazi oluhlobene nembobo.

Kuthebhu ethi "Inethiwekhi" Yesiphathi Somsebenzi, uzokwazi ukubona uhlu lwezinqubo noxhumo olusebenzayo kusistimu yakho. Amachweba avela anesimo esithi “KUSUNGULWE” noma “UKULALELA” abonisa ukuthi amatasatasa. Ukwengeza, uzokwazi ukubona ikheli le-IP kanye nembobo yendawo nekude ehlotshaniswa noxhumo ngalunye. Lolu lwazi lungaba usizo ekuhlonzeni noma yimuphi umsebenzi osolisayo noma izinkinga zoxhumano lokuxazulula inkinga.

Uma ufuna imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nenqubo ethile, ungachofoza kwesokudla kuyo bese ukhetha "Iya emininingwaneni." Lokhu kuzokuyisa kuthebhu ethi "Imininingwane" Yesiphathi Somsebenzi, lapho ungabona khona ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nenqubo, okuhlanganisa ne-ID yayo, ukusetshenziswa kwensiza, negama lefayela elisebenzisekayo. Lesi sici siwusizo ikakhulukazi uma udinga ukukhomba inqubo ethile enesibopho sokuhlala echwebeni.

6. Ungahlonza kanjani futhi ukhululeke kanjani izimbobo ezisetshenziswa yizinqubo ku-Windows

Ukuze uhlonze futhi ukhulule amachweba ahlala izinqubo ku-Windows, kuyadingeka ukulandela uchungechunge lwezinyathelo. Into yokuqala okufanele siyenze ukuvula iwindi lomyalo, elaziwa nangokuthi "cmd", sisebenzisa inhlanganisela yokhiye Win + R bese uthayipha "cmd" ebhokisini lengxoxo. Lapho iwindi lomyalo selivuliwe, siqhubeka nokwenza umyalo olandelayo: netstat -ano | findstr , kuphi inombolo yechweba esifuna ukulikhomba. Lo myalo uzosibonisa uhlu lwezinqubo ezisebenzisa imbobo eshiwo.

Uma sesiyibonile inqubo ephethe itheku okukhulunywa ngalo, singaqhubeka nokulikhulula. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sizosebenzisa I-Windows Task Manager. Sivula Umphathi Womsebenzi ngenhlanganisela yokhiye Ctrl + Shift + Esc bese uya kuthebhu ethi "Imininingwane". Kule thebhu, sibheka inqubo efana nenombolo kamazisi esiyithole esinyathelweni sangaphambilini. Lapho inqubo isikhona, sichofoza kwesokudla kuyo bese ukhetha inketho ethi "Qeda umsebenzi". Lokhu kuzomisa inqubo futhi kukhulule imbobo ematasa.

Uma indlela yangaphambilini ingasebenzi noma uma sithanda ukusebenzisa ithuluzi lenkampani yangaphandle, singasebenzisa izinhlelo ezifana ne-TCPView noma i-CurrPorts. Lawa mathuluzi azosibonisa uhlu olunemininingwane yezimbobo ezitholakalayo nezinqubo ezihlobene. Sizokwazi ukuhlonza kalula izinqubo ezihlala echwebeni ngalinye futhi siziqede uma kunesidingo. Ukwengeza, lawa mathuluzi anikeza izici ezengeziwe ezifana nekhono lokuhlunga uhlu ngezimbobo ezithile noma ukucinga izinqubo ngamagama, okwenza inqubo yokuhlonza nokukhulula izimbobo ezimatasa zibe lula nakakhulu.

7. Umehluko phakathi kwezimbobo ze-TCP nezimbobo ze-UDP ku-Windows nokuthi wazi kanjani ukuthi yiziphi ezimatasa

Izimbobo ze-TCP ne-UDP ziyizinqubo ezimbili zokuthutha ezisetshenziswa kumanethiwekhi wekhompyutha ukuthumela nokwamukela idatha. Nakuba i-TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) iqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwedatha okuthembekile nokuhlelekile, i-UDP (User Datagram Protocol) inikeza ukudluliswa okusheshayo kodwa okungathembekile. Ku-Windows, uhlelo ngalunye noma isevisi isebenzisa izimbobo ezithile ukuxhumana, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kungaba usizo ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izimbobo ezimatasa nokuthi iyiphi iphrothokholi esetshenziswayo.

Nazi ezinye izinyathelo zokwazi ukuthi yiziphi izimbobo ezimatasa ku-Windows nokuhlukanisa phakathi kwezimbobo ze-TCP ne-UDP:

1. Vula i-Command Prompt: Ukuze uqalise, vula i-Command Prompt kukhompyutha yakho ye-Windows. Ungakwenza lokhu ngokuthayipha okuthi “CMD” ebhokisini lokusesha le-Windows bese ukhetha inketho ethi “Command Prompt”.

2. Qalisa umyalo othi “netstat”: Uma umyalo womyalo usuvuliwe, sebenzisa umyalo olandelayo “netstat -aon”. Lo myalo uzoklelisa zonke izimbobo ze-TCP ne-UDP ezisetshenziswa kusistimu yakho okwamanje.

3. Khomba izimbobo ezimatasa kanye nephrothokholi yazo: Ohlwini olukhiqizwe umyalo we-"netstat", bheka izimbobo eziboniswa eduze kwekheli le-IP kukholamu "Isimo" kanye "ne-PID". Izimbobo ze-TCP zizoba nesimo esithi "KUSUNGULWE", kuyilapho izimbobo ze-UDP zizoba nesimo sokuthi "UKULALELA" noma "KUMISWE". Lokhu kuzokubonisa ukuthi yiziphi izimbobo ezimatasa nokuthi iyiphi iphrothokholi esetshenziswayo.

Khumbula ukuthi ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izimbobo ezimatasa kungaba wusizo ekuxazululeni izinkinga zenethiwekhi, ukuhlonza ukungqubuzana okungaba khona, noma ukulungisa ama-firewall namarutha ngendlela efanele. Ngomyalo we-"netstat" futhi ulandela izinyathelo ezishiwo ngenhla, uzokwazi ukuthola ulwazi oludingekayo ukuze uphathe futhi uhlukanise phakathi kwezimbobo ze-TCP ne-UDP kusistimu yakho ye-Windows.

8. Ungalisebenzisa kanjani ithuluzi le-nmap ukuze uskene izimbobo futhi uthole ukuthi zikhona ku-Windows

Ithuluzi le-nmap liyisisetshenziswa esinamandla somugqa womyalo esikuvumela ukuthi uskene izimbobo futhi uthole ukuthi kukhona abantu abahlala kuzo ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zeWindows. Ngokusebenza kwayo okubanzi okubanzi, i-nmap isiphenduke ithuluzi elibalulekile lokuhlaziya nokuvikela amanethiwekhi. Nansi indlela yokusebenzisa i-nmap ukufeza le misebenzi ku-Windows.

Isinyathelo se-1: Landa futhi ufake i-nmap ohlelweni lwakho lweWindows. Ungathola inguqulo yakamuva ezinzile ye-nmap kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni. Qiniseka ukuthi ulanda inguqulo ehambisana nesistimu yakho yokusebenza. Uma isilandiwe, landela izinyathelo zesifaki ukuze uqedele ukufaka.

Isinyathelo se-2: Vula iwindi lomyalo. Ukuze usebenzise i-nmap, udinga ukufinyelela ku-Windows command line interface. Ungavula iwindi lomyalo ngokucindezela ukhiye weWindows + R, ubhale u-"cmd" ebhokisini lengxoxo bese ucindezela u-Enter.

9. Uzilungisa kanjani izinkinga zembobo ematasa ku-Windows ukuze uthuthukise ukuxhumeka

Ukulungisa izinkinga zembobo ematasa ku-Windows futhi uthuthukise ukuxhumeka, kunezinyathelo ezimbalwa ongazilandela. Lapha sikubonisa ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani:

1. Khomba ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo noma izinsiza ezithatha amachweba: Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa ithuluzi lomugqa womyalo "Netstat". Vula iwindi lomyalo (cindezela "Windows + R" bese uthayipha "cmd") bese ugijima umyalo netstat -ano. Lokhu kuzobonisa uhlu lwazo zonke izimbobo ezivuliwe nezinqubo ezihlobene nazo. Thola amachweba owathandayo bese ubhala phansi inombolo yokuhlonza inqubo (PID).

2. Qeda izinqubo eziyinkinga: Uma usuzihlonze izinqubo ezithatha amachweba, ungasebenzisa Isiphathi Somsebenzi ukuze uziqede. Vula Isiphathi Somsebenzi (cindezela u-“Ctrl + Shift + Esc”) bese uya kuthebhu ethi “Imininingwane”. Thola inqubo nge-PID oyiphawule ekuqaleni, chofoza kwesokudla kuyo bese ukhetha "Qeda Umsebenzi." Lokhu kuzokhulula imbobo ematasa.

10. Uzigwema kanjani izingxabano zamachweba futhi ugcine uhlelo lweWindows olusebenza kahle kakhulu

Ukuze ugweme izingxabano zamachweba futhi ugcine isistimu ye-Windows esebenza kahle, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi isebenza kanjani Uhlelo lokusebenza nokuthi iziphi izinsiza ezisebenzisayo. Nazi izincomo ezintathu ezibalulekile zokulungisa le nkinga:

1. Khomba izimbobo ezisetshenziswayo: Ukuze ugweme izingxabano zamachweba, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza noma amasevisi asebenzisa izimbobo kusistimu yakho. Ungasebenzisa amathuluzi afana ne-Task Manager noma i-Resource Monitor ukuze uthole izinhlelo zokusebenza nezinqubo ezisebenzisa izimbobo. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi ubone izingxabano ezingaba khona futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele.
2. Shintsha izimbobo ezingqubuzanayo: Uma uthola ukuthi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezimbili zizama ukusebenzisa imbobo efanayo, ungashintsha imbobo esetshenziswa olunye lwezinhlelo zokusebenza. Isibonelo, uma izinhlelo ezimbili zizama ukusebenzisa i-port 80, ungamisa enye yezinhlelo zokusebenza ukuthi isebenzise i-port 8080 esikhundleni salokho. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uzodinga ukuya kuzilungiselelo zohlelo lokusebenza bese ulungisa inombolo yembobo ehambisanayo.
3. Lungiselela irutha kanye ne-firewall: Uma uhlangabezana nokungqubuzana kwembobo kunethiwekhi yendawo, ungase udinge ukulungisa umzila wakho futhi amafasitela firewall. Qiniseka ukuthi umzila udlulisela kahle izimbobo kumadivayisi afanele kunethiwekhi. Futhi, hlola izilungiselelo zakho ze-Windows firewall futhi uqiniseke ukuthi izimbobo ezidingekayo zivuliwe futhi zivunyelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezizidingayo.

Ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo, ungagwema izingxabano zamachweba futhi ugcine uhlelo lweWindows olusebenza kahle kakhulu. Hlala ukhumbula ukwenza izinguquko zokumisa ngokucophelela futhi wenze amakhophi ekhophi yasenqolobaneni ngaphambi kokwenza izinguquko ezinkulu.

11. Izincomo zokuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka kwezimbobo ezimatasa ku-Windows

Uma uhlangabezana nesimo samachweba amatasa ohlelweni lwakho lokusebenza lwe-Windows, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze uqinisekise ukuphepha kohlelo lwakho. Lapha sethula uchungechunge lwezincomo ezizokusiza ukuxazulula le nkinga ngokuphumelelayo:

• Khomba izinqubo ezisebenzisa izimbobo: Sebenzisa umyalo othi “netstat -aon” kulayini womyalo ukuze ubone uhlu lwamachweba amatasa kanye nama-ID enqubo ehambisanayo. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi ubone ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo noma amasevisi asebenzisa izimbobo okukhulunywa ngazo.
• Vala izinhlelo noma amasevisi asebenzisa izimbobo: Uma usuzihlonze izinqubo ezisebenzisa izimbobo, ungazivala mathupha kokuthi Isiphathi Somsebenzi. Iya kuthebhu ethi "Imininingwane" bese ubheka isihlonzi senqubo (PID) esihambisana nohlelo noma isevisi. Chofoza kwesokudla kuso bese ukhetha "Qeda Umsebenzi" ukuze ukhulule imbobo.
• Lungisa ukucushwa kwezinhlelo noma amasevisi: Uma ukuvala izinhlelo noma amasevisi kungeyona inketho, ungazama ukulungisa izilungiselelo ukuze zisebenzise ezinye izimbobo. Bheka imibhalo yezinhlelo noma amasevisi ahilelekile ukuze uthole imiyalelo ethile yokuthi ungazishintsha kanjani izilungiselelo zembobo.

Lezi zincomo zizokusiza ukuxazulula inkinga yamachweba amatasa ku-Windows ngempumelelo. Khumbula ukuthi kubalulekile ukugcina ukuvikeleka kwesistimu yakho, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela izinqubo ezisebenzisa amachweba futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza kwazo okufanele.

12. Uzilungisa kanjani izinkinga zokuvinjwa kwembobo ngama-firewall ku-Windows

Ukuxazulula izinkinga ngokuvinjwa kwechweba ngama-firewall ku-Windows, kubalulekile ukulandela lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:

1. Hlola i-firewall esebenzayo: into yokuqala okufanele siyenze ukukhomba ukuthi iyiphi i-firewall evimba imbobo okukhulunywa ngayo. I-Windows ine-firewall eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, kodwa kungase kube nezinye izicishamlilo zenkampani yangaphandle ezifakwe ohlelweni.
2. Lungiselela iWindows Firewall: Uma iWindows Firewall ivimba imbobo, singayivula ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo:
   • Iya ku-Control Panel bese ukhetha "Isistimu Nokuphepha".
   • Chofoza ku- "Windows Firewall".
   • Ngaphansi kwenketho ethi “Vumela uhlelo lokusebenza noma isici nge-Windows Firewall”, chofoza okuthi “Shintsha izilungiselelo.”
   • Ohlwini lwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezivunyelwe, bheka uhlelo lokusebenza olusebenzisa imbobo evinjiwe futhi uqiniseke ukuthi imakwe njengenikwe amandla kukho kokubili amanethiwekhi omphakathi nawangasese.
3. Cabangela ezinye izicishamlilo: Uma i-Windows firewall ingenawo umthwalo wokuvinjwa, kufanele sihlole ukuthi akhona yini amanye ama-firewall ezinkampani zangaphandle ezifakiwe futhi sizilungiselele ngendlela efanele. I-firewall ngayinye ingaba nendlela yayo yokuvula izimbobo, ngakho-ke kuyanconywa ukuthi ubheke amadokhumenti alolo donga lokuvikela noma uxhumane nomthengisi ukuze uthole imiyalelo enembile.

Kafushane, ukuvinjwa kwembobo yokuxazulula inkinga ngama-firewall ku-Windows kuhilela ukukhomba i-firewall enesibopho, ukulungisa i-Windows firewall ngendlela efanele, kanye nokucabangela ezinye izindonga zokuvikela ezingase zifakwe ohlelweni. Ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo kanye nokubonisana nezinsiza ezidingekayo, singaxazulula le nkinga futhi siqinisekise ukuxhumana okulungile ngamachweba adingekayo.

13. Ukubaluleka kokugcina izishayeli zechweba zivuselelwe ku-Windows

Ukuze ugweme izinkinga zokusebenza ezimbobeni ze-USB zedivayisi yakho ye-Windows, kubalulekile ukugcina abashayeli benolwazi. Izishayeli zamachweba ziyisofthiwe evumela ukuxhumana phakathi kwesistimu yokusebenza namadivayisi axhunywe ngezimbobo ze-USB. Uma abashayeli bengenasikhathi samanje, ungase uhlangabezane nezinkinga ezinjengokunqanyulwa okungavamile kwamadivayisi, amaphutha okudlulisa idatha, noma ukuhluleka ukubona amadivayisi axhunyiwe.

Nazi izinyathelo zokugcina abashayeli bembobo bebuyekeziwe ku-Windows:

• Thola imodeli nomkhiqizi wekhompyutha yakho: Ukuze uthole abashayeli abalungile, udinga ukwazi imodeli nomkhiqizi wekhompyutha yakho. Ungathola lolu lwazi kulebula etholakala ngemuva noma ngezansi wekhompyutha.
• Vakashela iwebhusayithi yomkhiqizi: Uma usunayo imodeli nolwazi lomkhiqizi, vakashela iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yomkhiqizi wekhompyutha yakho. Ngokuvamile uzothola ingxenye yosekelo noma yokulanda lapho ungasesha khona abashayeli ababuyekeziwe.
• Bheka abashayeli bezimbobo: Ngaphakathi kwesigaba sokulandwayo, bheka abashayeli abahlobene nezimbobo ze-USB. Uma ungakwazi ukuthola isigaba esithile sabashayeli bembobo, bheka abashayeli abahlobene ne-chipset yekhompyutha yakho.
• Landa futhi ufake izishayeli: Uma abashayeli sebetholakele, balande ekhompyutheni yakho bese ulandela imiyalelo yokufaka enikeziwe. Phakathi nokufaka, ungase ucelwe ukuthi uqale kabusha ikhompuyutha yakho, qiniseka ukuthi ulondoloza noma yimuphi umsebenzi ngaphambi kokwenza kanjalo.

Ukugcina abashayeli bezimbobo bevuselelwe ku-Windows kubalulekile ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza kahle kwamadivayisi akho. Landela lezi zinyathelo ukuze ugweme izinkinga zokuxhuma futhi uqinisekise ukuthi uthola ukusebenza kwakamuva nezibuyekezo zokuphepha.

14. Izinyathelo zokulungisa amaphutha okusebenza kwechweba ku-Windows nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle

Uma uhlangabezana nezinkinga zokuhlala kwembobo ku-Windows futhi kuthinta ukusebenza kwesistimu yakho, ungakhathazeki. Lapha sethula umhlahlandlela onemininingwane wezinyathelo eziyi-14 zokulungisa le nkinga futhi uthuthukise ukusebenza kwemishini yakho.

1. Khomba izimbobo ezimatasa: Ukuze uqalise, kufanele ukhombe ukuthi yiziphi izimbobo ezimatasa kusistimu yakho okwamanje. Ungasebenzisa ithuluzi elithi “netstat” emugqeni womyalo ukuze uthole uhlu lwazo zonke izimbobo ezisebenzayo nezinqubo ezihlobene nazo.

• Vula iwindi lomyalo (CMD).
• Thayipha okuthi “netstat -ano” bese ucindezela u-Enter.
• Hlaziya uhlu lwamachweba nezinqubo ezibonisiwe. Bhala izinombolo zembobo kanye nezihlonzi zenqubo (PIDs) ukuze uzibhekise kamuva.

2. Qeda izinqubo ezingafuneki: Njengoba manje usunohlu lwezinqubo kanye nama-PID ahambisanayo, kufanele ukhombe lezo ezingadingekile futhi uziqede ukuze ukhulule izikhumulo ezihlala kuzo. Ukwenza lokhu:

• Thayipha "uhlu lomsebenzi" efasiteleni lomyalo bese ucindezela u-Enter. Uzothola uhlu lwazo zonke izinqubo ezisebenzayo.
• Skena uhlu futhi uthole izinqubo ezihlobene nezimbobo ezikhonjwe ngenhla.
• Thayipha "i-taskkill /F /PID »efasiteleni lomyalo bese ucindezela u-Enter. Lokhu kuzoqeda inqubo futhi kukhulule imbobo ematasa.
• Phinda lesi sinyathelo kuzo zonke izinqubo ezingafuneki.

Sengiphetha, ukwazi ukuthi imaphi amachweba amatasa ku-Windows kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kunethiwekhi yethu. Kulesi sihloko sihlole amanye amathuluzi nemiyalo esivumela ukuthi sihlonze futhi sigade amachweba asetshenziswayo. Kusukela kulayini womyalo weWindows kuya ekusebenziseni izinhlelo zangaphandle, kuyacaca ukuthi kunezinketho ezimbalwa ezitholakalayo zokufeza lo msebenzi.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukusebenza kwechweba kungathinta kakhulu ukuxhumana phakathi kwamadivayisi kanye nezinsiza kunethiwekhi yethu. Ngakho-ke, ukugcina ukuqapha njalo kanye nokuqapha okusebenzayo kwamachweba amatasa kubalulekile ukuze kugwenywe iziphazamiso nezinkinga zokuxhuma.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuhle ukuba silandele izinqubo ezinhle zokuphepha, njengokugcina isistimu yethu yokusebenza nezinhlelo zibuyekeziwe, kanye nokusebenzisa ama-firewall nezinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuvimbela ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kumachweba ethu. Inhlanganisela yalezi zenzo izosinika inethiwekhi evikeleke kakhudlwana futhi esebenza kahle.

Ngamafuphi, ukukwazi ukuhlonza ukuthi imaphi amachweba amatasa ku-Windows kuyikhono lobuchwepheshe eliyisisekelo labo bonke abasebenza kumanethiwekhi nezinhlelo zekhompyutha. Ngamathuluzi alungile nolwazi, singakwazi ukugcina ukulawula okusebenzayo kwezimbobo zethu futhi siqinisekise ukusebenza okuhle ekuxhumekeni kwenethiwekhi yethu.