Imikhomo Ziyizilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu zasolwandle ezibonakala ngokuxhumana kwazo okuyinkimbinkimbi nokuyinkimbinkimbi Phakathi neminyaka edlule, ucwaningo luye lwembula ukuthi lezi zilwane ezinkulu zisebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene ukuze zithole izindlela zokuxhumana futhi zidlulisele ukwaziswa phakathi kwazo. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola indlela imikhomo exhumana ngayo, behlola amasistimu namasu ahlukene abawasebenzisa ukushintshana imiyalezo. Lokhu kuqonda kuyosenza sikwazise nakakhulu ukuhlakanipha nekhono lalezi zidalwa ezimangalisayo.
Ukuxhumana phakathi kwemikhomo kubalulekile ukuze iphile futhi izalane. Ukuxhumana kwe-Acoustic Kungenye yezindlela ezigqame kakhulu lezi zilwane ezincelisayo ezidluliselana ngayo imiyalezo phakathi kwamabanga amade. Imikhomo yenza imisindo ehlukahlukene, kusukela kokutshiyoza namakhwela kuya kumaculo ayinkimbinkimbi, amnandi. Le misindo ihamba emanzini, asebenza njengendawo ekahle yokusabalalisa. Ngale ndlela, imikhomo ingakwazi ukuxhumana ngisho nalapho ihamba ibanga elide, ivumela ukuba ihlangane, ithole umngane womshado, futhi ixwayise ngengozi.
Ngaphezu kokuxhumana kwe-acoustic, Imikhomo ixhumana ngokushukuma komzimba nokuziphatha okubukwayo. Lezi zilwane ezincelisayo zisebenzisa ukunyakaza komzimba, njengokugxuma emanzini, ukubhakuzisa amaphiko azo, nokushaya phezu kolwandle, ukuze zidlulisele imiyalezo kwamanye amalungu eqembu lazo. Olunye ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi lezi zenzo zingasetshenziswa ukusungula izigaba zomphakathi, ukuqalisa ukuqomisana noma ngisho nokugcina ukubumbana kweqembu kanye nobunye ngenkathi kunyakaza.
Ulimi lwemikhoma Inesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi esihlanganisa izakhi ze-acoustic nezibonwayo. Imisindo eyenziwa imikhomo, njengokuchofa, amakhwela nokububula, inamaphethini ahlukene nokulandelana okudlulisa ulwazi oluthile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhomo ibuye isebenzise indawo yemizimba yayo, indlela amaphiko ayo abheke ngakhona, kanye nobudlelwano bayo bendawo nabanye abantu ukwengeza ulwazi olwengeziwe emilayezweni yabo. Nakuba kusenezici eziningi ezingaziwa ngalesi simiso sezokuxhumana, ososayensi basaqhubeka nophenyo ukuze bambule izimfihlakalo zolimi lomkhomo.
Ngamafuphi, imikhomo isebenzisa inhlanganisela yokuxhumana kwe-acoustic nokuthinta komzimba ukusungula ukuxhumana komphakathi kanye nokuxhumana namanye amalungu ezinhlobo zawo. Lezi zindlela zokuxhumana zibavumela ukuthi bagcine ukubumbana eqenjini labo, bathole umlingani futhi baxwayise ngezingozi ezingase zibe khona. Njengoba sijulisa ukuqonda kwethu indlela imikhomo exhumana ngayo, siyamangala ngobunkimbinkimbi nobunkimbinkimbi bolimi lwayo, sigcizelela nakakhulu ukubaluleka kokuvikela nokulondoloza lezi zilwane zasolwandle ezithakazelisayo.
1. Ukuxhumana ngamazwi: Ulimi lwemikhomo
Emhlabeni wemikhomo othakazelisayo, i comunicación vocal idlala indima ebalulekile. Lezi zilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle ezinkulu zisebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zemisindo ukudlulisa ulwazi nokusungula ukuxhumana nabanye abantu bezinhlobo zabo. Ngekhono layo lokukhipha imisindo eminingi ehlukahlukene, imikhomo ikhuluma ngesimo sayo somzwelo, indawo, izidingo, kanye nobunikazi bayo.
Izingoma zomkhomo zingahlukaniswa zibe izigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko: izingcingo nezingoma. izingcingo Kuyimisindo yesikhashana esetshenziselwa ukuxhumana ngokushesha. Lezi zingcingo zingasukela ekutshiyozeni okulula kuye ekulandeleni kokuchofoza okuyinkimbinkimbi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, the izingoma Iwuchungechunge olude futhi oluyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe lokuphimisa imikhomo ephindaphinda isikhathi eside. Lezi zingoma zibhekwa njengendlela yokuxhumana enemininingwane futhi kukholakala ukuthi zidlala indima ekuheheni ucansi nasekuxhumaneni kwabantu ngabanye.
Imikhomo iphinde isebenzise amaphethini athile, ahlelekile ukuhlela ukuphimisela kwawo, okwaziwa ngokuthi dialectos. Lezi zilimi zesigodi zihlukile eqenjini ngalinye lemikhomo futhi zidluliselwa kusuka esizukulwaneni kuye kwesinye isizukulwane. Lolu hlobo olungavamile lokuxhumana ngezwi luvumela imikhomo ukuthi ibone izici zayo futhi isungule izibopho eziqinile zomphakathi. Ukwengeza, kuye kwaqashelwa ukuthi imikhomo ingashintshana ngokuphimisela, idale uhlobo lwengxoxo phakathi kwayo.
2. Imisindo yesici: Ukubaluleka kwezingoma zangaphansi kwamanzi
Izingoma zemikhomo ezingaphansi kwamanzi ziwuhlobo lokuxhumana oluthakazelisayo olufeza indima ebalulekile ekuphileni kwalezi zilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle ezinkulu. Le misindo, ekhishwa ikakhulukazi abesilisa, ithi eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ehlukile, futhi sizwakala amabanga amade olwandle. Uhlobo ngalunye lomkhomo lunochungechunge lwalo lwamagama, ezivumela ukuthi ukuhlonza nokuhlukanisa phakathi kwazo.
La ukubaluleka izingoma ezingaphansi kwamanzi zisemisebenzini eminingana ebalulekile yemikhomo. Okokuqala, le misindo isetshenziselwa thola umaqondana ngesikhathi sokuzalanisa. Abesilisa bakhipha izingoma ezinde, ezinomsindo ukuze bahehe abesifazane futhi babonise ukufaneleka kwabo kofuzo Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zingoma zidlala indima kubalulekile ekuzulazuleni futhi kwe ukuxhumana kwebanga elide phakathi kwamaqembu ahlukene emikhomo.
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi izingoma ngaphansi kwamanzi inemininingwane futhi yakhiwe futhi ziyahlukahluka phakathi kwemiphakathi ehlukene yemikhomo. Le misindo yakhiwe ngamaphethini ahlukene kanye nokulandelana kwawo, okusikisela ukuthi imikhomo ina amakhono okuxhumana asezingeni eliphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi imikhomo iyakwazi ukufunda nokuguqula izingoma zayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okubonisa a uhlobo lwesiko nesiko ngaphakathi kwalezi zinhlobo zasolwandle.
3. Isakhiwo kanye nencazelo yokuphimisela: Ukucacisa umlayezo womkhomo
Iphimbo lomkhomo ingenye yezindlela zokuxhumana ezithakazelisa kakhulu emhlabeni. umbuso wezilwane. Lezi zilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle ezibabazekayo zisebenzisa imisindo ehlukahlukene ukuze zithole ukuthintana, zidlulise ulwazi futhi zisungule izigaba phakathi kwamaqembu azo omphakathi. Phakathi neminyaka edlule, ososayensi baye bahlola ngokucophelela ukwakheka nencazelo yala mazwi ukuze bembule umyalezo oyinkimbinkimbi odluliswa yimikhomo kithi.
Ukwakheka kwamaphimbo omkhomo Ihluke kakhulu futhi iyinkimbinkimbi. Lezi zilwane ezincelisayo zingakhiqiza imisindo ehlukahlukene, kusukela ngokuchofoza okulula kuya emiculo eyinkimbinkimbi. Esinye sezici ezithakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi lawa mazwi angacacisa kakhulu, okubavumela ukuthi bakhulume ngabanye noma ngamaqembu. Ukwengeza, imikhomo inekhono lokushintsha imvamisa, isigqi, kanye nobude bephimbo layo, okubavumela ukuthi badlulise imilayezo eyahlukene, isibonelo, abesilisa basebenzisa izingcingo zokukhwelana ezihlukayo ngephimbo nesakhiwo.
El incazelo yephimbo lomkhomo Kuwumkhakha wokufunda ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo okuqhubekayo. Ngocwaningo lwabo, ososayensi bathole ukuthi lawa mazwi adlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yenhlalo nokuzala yalezi zilwane. Ngokwesibonelo, imisindo ekhishwa ama-humpback whale phakathi nenkathi yokukhwelana kukholakala ukuthi iwuhlobo lokuqomisana nokubonisa amandla. Ukwengeza, omama kanye nama-cetaceans amancane basebenzisa amagama athile ukuze bagcine ukuxhumana futhi basungule izibopho ezingokomzwelo. Nokho, kusekuningi okufanele kufundwe mayelana nencazelo eqondile yephimbo ngalinye nokuthi imilayezo idluliselwa kanjani phakathi kwemikhomo.
4. Ukuxhumana phakathi kwamaqembu: Ukubumbana komphakathi kwemikhomo
Imikhomo iyaziwa ngekhono layo lokuxhumana phakathi kwamaqembu nokugcina ukubumbana komphakathi okuqinile. Uhlelo lwabo lokuxhumana luyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi luncike ezinhlobonhlobo zezimpawu, okuhlanganisa imisindo, ukunyakaza komzimba, nokuziphatha okuqondile. Lawa makhono okuxhumana abalulekile ekusindeni kwabo nasekukhiqizeni kabusha, kanye nasekuhleleni nasekubambisaneni phakathi kwamaqembu.
Enye yezindlela ezivame ukuxhumana nemikhomo iwukusebenzisa imisindo ehlukile. Zikhipha izinhlobonhlobo zephimbo, kusukela ezingomeni eziyinkimbinkimbi kuya kuzingcingo ezilula, ezingahamba amabanga amade ngaphansi kwamanzi. Le misindo ikhiqizwa izitho ezikhethekile emgudwini wakho wokuphefumula futhi ingahluka ngobuningi, ubukhulu, nobude besikhathi. Iqembu ngalinye lemikhomo linemisindo yalo ehlukile, elivumela ukuthi zihlonze futhi zixhumane.
Ngaphezu kwemisindo, imikhomo ibuye isebenzise ukunyakaza nokuziphatha okuthile komzimba ukuxhumana. Isibonelo, zigxuma ziphuma emanzini bese zishaya phezulu ngamaphiko noma imisila, okuyinto eyaziwa ngokuthi "ukuphula." Lokhu kuziphatha kungaba wusizo njengendlela yesixwayiso, ukwesabisa noma ukuthola ukunaka kwamanye amalungu eqembu. Ziphinde zisebenzisa ukunyakaza okufana nokuphapha, lapho ziphakamisa umsila wazo emanzini njengophawu lokuzithoba noma ukwamukela ngesikhathi sokuhlangana komphakathi.
5. Izilimi zesigodi kanye nomehluko wesifunda: Imisindo ehlukahlukene yemikhomo
Imikhomo yaziwa ngamakhono ayo amangalisayo okuxhumana. Nakuba bengakhulumi ulimi lwesintu, basebenzisa uchungechunge lwezindlela ukuxhumana bodwa. Enye yezindlela ezivelele imikhomo ukuxhumana ngayo ngokusebenzisa izilimi zesigodi ezihlukahlukene kanye nomehluko wesifunda. Njengabantu, imikhomo evela ezifundeni ezahlukene inezinhlobonhlobo zayo zemisindo namaphethini okuxhumana.
Lezi zilimi zesigodi kanye nokwehluka kwesifunda kubonisa i ukuhlukahluka komsindo we-whales. Isibalo ngasinye semikhomo sinesethi yaso yemisindo, edluliselwa kwesinye isizukulwane kuye kwesinye isizukulwane ososayensi bathole ukuthi imikhomo isebenzisa izinhlobo ezithile zephimbo ukuze ibonise ukuthi ingubani, isungula indawo, futhi ixhumana ngesikhathi sokuzingela noma ukuzingela.
Ukuhlukahluka komsindo wemikhomo kumangalisa nakakhulu ngenxa yekhono labo loku shintsha futhi udale imisindo emishaImikhomo iyakwazi ukushintsha ukuphimisela kwayo ngokuphendula izisusa zangaphandle, njengokuba khona kwezilwane ezidla ezinye noma ukugxambukela kwabantu. Ukwengeza, eminye imikhomo inekhono lokulingisa nokufunda imisindo emisha, okuyenza ikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezihlukahlukene futhi ixhumane ngokuphumelelayo.
6. Ithonya lomuntu: Umthelela womsindo we-anthropogenic ekuxhumaneni
Imikhomo yaziwa ngekhono layo lokuxhumana ezindaweni ezikude, isebenzisa imisindo ehlukahlukene kanye namazwi. Kodwa-ke, umthelela omubi womsindo we-anthropogenic kumakhono abo okuxhumana uya ngokuya ucwaningwa. Umsindo okhiqizwa imisebenzi yabantu efana nokuhamba, ukuxhashazwa kukawoyela negesi, nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zasolwandle kuthinta kakhulu lezi zidalwa zasolwandle.
Umsindo ongaphansi kwamanzi okhiqizwa imisebenzi yabantu uphazamisa ngokuqondile ukuziphatha kwemikhomo. Lezi zilwane zisebenzisa umsindo ukuxhumana, ukuziqondisa, nokuthola inyamazane yazo. Umsindo oweqile we-anthropogenic wenza kube nzima ngemikhomo ukuzwana, okungaholela "ekuhlukaneni komndeni" nokuncipha kokuzalana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsindo ungabangela ukucindezeleka nokulimala ngokomzimba, njengokulimala kwezitho zokuzwa.
Ukuze kuncishiswe le nkinga, kuye kwahlongozwa izixazululo ezihlukahlukene. Enye inketho ukunciphisa ukukhishwa komsindo ngesikhathi kwakhiwa izakhiwo ezingasogwini noma ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obuthule ekuhloleni uwoyela negesi. Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukusungula izindawo zasolwandle ezivikelekile lapho imisebenzi yabantu ilinganiselwe futhi indawo ephephile nepholile ihlinzekwa imikhomo. Okokugcina, ukuqwashisa nokufundisa ngemiphumela yomsindo we-anthropogenic emikhomo kungakhuthaza izenzo zomuntu ngamunye kanye neqembu ukuvikela lezi zinhlobo kanye nendawo yazo.
7. Amasu okongiwa kwemvelo: Izincomo zokuvikela ukuxhumana ngemikhomo
Izincomo zokuvikela ukuxhumana ngemikhomo
Kulesi sigaba, sizohlola amasu ahlukahlukene okonga imvelo angasetshenziswa ukuze vikela ukuxhumana komkhomo futhi iqinisekisa ukusinda kwalezi zidalwa zasolwandle ezimangalisayo. Ngezansi sethula uchungechunge lwezincomo ezibalulekile:
1. Yehlisa umsindo we-ambient: Umsindo obangelwa izinto ezenziwa abantu, njengokuzulazula nokuzamazama komhlaba, ungaphazamisa kakhulu ukuxhumana kwemikhomo. Kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa lo mthelela, njengokusungula imithethonqubo yokuzulazula ezindaweni ezigcwele imikhomo eminingi, kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokuhlola ezinomsindo ezindaweni ezibucayi.
2. Gwema ithrafikhi yasolwandle ezindaweni ezibucayi: Ukwazi imizila efudukayo kanye nezindawo zokudla zemikhomo kusivumela ukuba sibone amaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu okuxhumana kwawo. Ukuze uzivikele, kubalulekile ukusungula amaphasishi olwandle agwema ukugcwala kwezimoto kulezi zindawo ezibucayi futhi anciphise ingozi yokushayisana nokuphazamiseka kwe-acoustic.
3. Promover la investigación: Ucwaningo oluqhubekayo lokuxhumana ngemikhomo lusinikeza ulwazi olubalulekile ukuze bavikeleke Ucwaningo kufanele lukhuthazwe olusivumela ukuthi siqonde kangcono izindlela zokuxhumana zemikhomo, kanye nomthelela wemisebenzi yabantu emandleni abo okuxhumana. Lezi zifundo zizofaka isandla “ekusetshenzisweni” kwezinyathelo zokonga ezisebenza ngempumelelo.
Ukusebenzisa lezi zincomo kubalulekile ukuze vikela ukuxhumana komkhomo futhi ulondoloze impilo yabantu bemikhomo olwandle. Ngendlela ebanzi kanye nenhlanganisela yemithetho yezemvelo, ubuchwepheshe kanye nokuqwashisa, singaqinisekisa ikusasa lapho imikhomo iqhubeka nokudlulisa imilayezo yayo ezilwandle ngokuphepha nangaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
Ngingu-Sebastián Vidal, unjiniyela wekhompyutha ozifelayo ngobuchwepheshe kanye ne-DIY. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngingumdali we tecnobits.com, lapho ngabelana khona ngezifundo zokwenza ubuchwepheshe bufinyeleleke kakhudlwana futhi buqonde wonke umuntu.