Umdlavuza usuphenduke enye yezinselelo ezinkulu emphakathini wezokwelapha nesayensi emhlabeni jikelele. Ngekhono laso lokuthinta izitho nezicubu ezihlukahlukene zomzimba, lesi sifo siye saholela emizamweni engakhathali yokufuna izindlela eziphumelelayo zokwelapha kwaso. Kulesi sihloko, sizongena ezweni elithakazelisayo locwaningo nokwelashwa komdlavuza, sihlola amasu ahlukahlukene kanye nezindlela zokwelapha ezisetshenziswayo. okwamanje ukulwa nalesi sifo. Kusukela ekuhlinzweni nasekwelapheni ngemisebe kuya ku-immunotherapy kanye nokwelashwa ngezakhi zofuzo, sizohlola intuthuko yakamuva kakhulu emkhakheni we-oncology nokuthi ivuleka kanjani iminyango emisha ebheke ekwelapheni okungenzeka komdlavuza.
1. Umdlavuza: isifo esiyinkimbinkimbi esidinga ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo
Ukulwa nomdlavuza kuwumsebenzi onzima futhi oyinselele odinga ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo. Naphezu kwentuthuko kwezokwelapha, lesi sifo sisaqhubeka singesinye sezimbangela eziyinhloko zokufa emhlabeni wonke. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukunikela ngezinsiza nemizamo yokucwaninga nokuthuthukiswa kokwelashwa okusebenza ngempumelelo kakhudlwana.
Isinyathelo sokuqala sokuthola ikhambi elisebenzayo lomdlavuza ukuqonda ngokugcwele lesi sifo. Umdlavuza yisimo lapho amangqamuzana omzimba aphindaphindeka ngokungalawuleki, ahlasele izicubu nezitho zomzimba. Kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi enezici eziningi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuhlaziya izici ezihlukene ezifana nofuzo, indawo ezungezile kanye nendlela yokuphila yomuntu ngamunye ukucacisa izimbangela zayo nokubheka izixazululo ezisebenzayo.
Ucwaningo lwesayensi luyithuluzi eliyinhloko lokulwa nomdlavuza. Ngezifundo eziphelele, sifuna ukuhlonza ukuguqulwa kofuzo kanye nokuguqulwa kwamangqamuzana okubangela ukukhula kwalesi sifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abacwaningi basebenzela ukuthuthukiswa kwezindlela zokwelapha ezithile ezingahlasela amangqamuzana omdlavuza ngokukhetha ngaphandle kokulimaza amaseli anempilo emzimbeni. Lokhu kuthuthuka kubalulekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza ngempumelelo kokwelashwa kanye nokwandisa amazinga okusinda ezigulini ezinomdlavuza.
2. Ukuqonda izindlela zokwelapha ezehlukene ezisetshenziswa ukwelapha umdlavuza
Umdlavuza yisifo esiyinkimbinkimbi esidinga izindlela ezahlukene zokwelashwa kwaso. Kubalulekile ukuqonda izindlela zokwelapha ezehlukene ezisetshenziselwa ukubhekana nalesi sifo futhi unikeze iziguli izinketho ezingcono kakhulu ezitholakalayo.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokwelapha ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza noma ukulawula ukukhula kwawo. Owokuqala wabo ukuhlinzwa, okuhlanganisa ukukhipha isimila noma izicubu ezithintekile ngokungenelela kokuhlinzwa. Le nqubo ingasetshenziselwa izigaba zokuqala zomdlavuza lapho isimila sitholakala khona kokukodwa indawo.
Ngaphezu kokuhlinzwa, okunye ukwelashwa okuvame ukusetshenziswa ukwelapha ngemisebe. Le ndlela isebenzisa imisebe enamandla amakhulu ukuze ibhubhise amangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi ishwabane nezimila. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kunganikezwa ngaphandle, lapho umshini ukhipha imisebe endaweni ethintekile, noma ngaphakathi, lapho imithombo emincane yemisebe ifakwa khona ngqo emzimbeni eduze kwesimila.
3. Ukwelashwa kwe-Pharmacological: indima yezidakamizwa ekwelapheni umdlavuza
Imithi yokwelapha idlala indima ebalulekile ekwelapheni umdlavuza, njengoba izidakamizwa zingasiza ekubhubhiseni amangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi amise ukukhula kwawo. Le mithi inganikezwa ngezindlela ezahlukene, njengamaphilisi, imijovo, noma ngokufakwa ngomthanjeni. Ukwengeza, zingasetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nezinye izindlela zokwelapha, ezinjengokuhlinzwa noma i-radiotherapy, ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kwazo ngempumelelo.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zemithi yokwelapha esetshenziswa ekwelapheni umdlavuza. Izidakamizwa ze-Antineoplastic yilezo eziqondise ngokuqondile amangqamuzana omdlavuza, ezivimbela ukuhlukana nokukhula kwawo. Le mithi ivame ukuhlukaniswa ngezigaba ezahlukene, njengama-alkylating agents, ama-antimetabolites, ama-topoisomerase inhibitors, phakathi kwezinye.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi isiguli ngasinye sihlukile futhi singase siphendule ngendlela ehlukile emithini. Ngakho-ke, udokotela onguchwepheshe uzokhetha ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa ezifanele kakhulu, ecabangela uhlobo lomdlavuza, isigaba sawo kanye nezici zomuntu ngamunye zesiguli. Kubalulekile ukulandela ngokucophelela zonke izinkomba kanye neziqondiso zokuphathwa komuthi, kanye nokwazisa udokotela nganoma yimiphi imiphumela emibi noma ukungakhululeki okuhlangenwe nakho ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.
4. I-Radiotherapy: ithuluzi elibalulekile ekwelapheni umdlavuza
I-Radiotherapy iyindlela yokwelapha ebalulekile ekwelapheni umdlavuza. Kubandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwemisebe ye-ionizing ukucekela phansi amangqamuzana omdlavuza nokunciphisa ubukhulu bamathumba. Phakathi nenqubo, imishini ekhethekile isetshenziselwa ukuletha imisebe ngokunembile futhi ibulale amangqamuzana ayingozi. Lokhu kwelashwa kusetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nezinye izindlela zokwelapha, njengokuhlinzwa nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela engcono kakhulu ezigulini.
Inqubo ye-radiotherapy iqala ngokuhlolwa okuphelele kwesiguli, lapho kwenziwa ucwaningo oluningiliziwe ngesifo saso futhi kusungulwe uhlelo lokwelapha lomuntu siqu. Uma uhlelo selusunguliwe, isiguli sithola izikhathi zokwelashwa ngemisebe evamile, okuvame ukwenzeka emasontweni ambalwa. Phakathi neseshini ngayinye, isiguli sibekwe endaweni ethile futhi imisebe ihanjiswa ngokunemba kwe-millimeter, iqinisekisa ukuthi ihlose kuphela izindawo ezithintekile.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-radiotherapy ayibuhlungu futhi ayibangeli noma yikuphi ukuzwa ngesikhathi sokuphathwa kwayo. Kodwa-ke, kungase kube nemiphumela emibi yesikhathi eside, njengokukhathala, ukubomvu kwesikhumba, nokungakhululeki endaweni yokwelashwa. Le miphumela ingeyesikhashana futhi ingalawulwa ngemithi kanye noshintsho lwendlela yokuphila. I-Radiotherapy iboniswe ukuthi iphumelela kakhulu ekubhubhiseni amangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi ithuthukisa kakhulu amazinga okusinda kwesiguli.
5. Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Oncological: izinqubo zokuhlinza zokususwa komdlavuza
Ukuhlinzwa komdlavuza kuhlanganisa izinqubo ezihlukahlukene zokuhlinza ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha izinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza. Lokhu kungenelela kuklanyelwe ukuqeda isimila esiyingozi kanye namangqamuzana omdlavuza azungezile, ngenhloso yokufeza ukukhululwa okuphelele noma ukunciphisa umthwalo we-tumor esigulini. Ezimweni eziningi, ukuhlinzwa kwe-oncological kwenziwa ngokuhambisana nezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezifana ne-radiotherapy noma i-chemotherapy, ukwandisa amathuba okuphumelela nokuthuthukisa imiphumela yesikhathi eside.
Izinqubo zokuhlinza ezisetshenziswa ekuhlinzeni umdlavuza zingahluka kuye ngohlobo nendawo yomdlavuza. Ezinye izibonelo Ezivamile zihlanganisa i-mastectomy yokwelapha umdlavuza webele, i-prostatectomy yomdlavuza we-prostate, kanye ne-colectomy yomdlavuza wekoloni. Lezi zinqubo zenziwa odokotela abahlinzayo abaqeqeshwe kakhulu abangochwepheshe be-oncology, abasebenza njengeqembu nabanye ochwepheshe bezempilo ukuze baqinisekise ukuphepha nokusebenza kokungenelela.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kwe-oncological, udokotela ohlinzayo angasebenzisa amasu ahlukene ukuze afinyelele isimila futhi asisuse. Lawa masu okusebenza angase ahlanganise ukuhlinzwa okuvulekile, lapho kukhishwa khona indawo endaweni ethintekile, noma ukuhlinzwa okuhlasela kancane, okuvumela ukungenelela ukuthi kwenziwe ngokusikwa okuncane kusetshenziswa amathuluzi akhethekile nekhamera. Indlela eqondile izoncika endaweni nokuqhubeka komdlavuza, kanye nokuhlolwa kwethimba lezokwelapha. Kubalulekile ukugqamisa lokho kuhlinzwa kwe-oncological Kuyinqubo intekenteke futhi eyinkimbinkimbi edinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela nokunakekelwa okukhethekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe imiphumela engcono kakhulu yesiguli.
6. I-Immunotherapy: ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba ukulwa nomdlavuza
I-Immunotherapy iyindlela ethembisayo ekulweni nomdlavuza, njengoba igxile ekuqiniseni amasosha omzimba esiguli ukuze alwe nesifo. Ngokungafani nezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile, i-immunotherapy isebenzisa izinto zemvelo noma zaselabhorethri ukuze zikhuthaze futhi ziqinise ukuphendula komzimba. Lokhu kufezwa ngokuphathwa kwemithi yokugoma, amasosha omzimba e-monoclonal noma amanye ama-modulators amasosha omzimba.
Umgomo oyinhloko we-immunotherapy ukuqeqesha amasosha omzimba ukuba abone futhi ahlasele amangqamuzana omdlavuza, ngaleyo ndlela agweme ukulimaza amangqamuzana anempilo emzimbeni. Le ndlela eqondene nawe ikhonjiswe ukuthi iyasebenza ekwelapheni izinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza, okuhlanganisa nezimo ezithuthukile noma ze-metastatic.
Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko ze-immunotherapy ukuthi ingakwazi ukukhiqiza impendulo ehlala isikhathi eside ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inikeze iziguli izinga elingcono lempilo kanye namazinga aphezulu okusinda. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi akubona bonke abantu abasabela ngendlela efanayo kulokhu kwelashwa kanye nemiphumela engemihle engase yenzeke, ngokuvamile elawulekayo futhi elawulekayo. Ngokufanayo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-immunotherapy kungahlanganiswa nezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile ukuze kutholwe imiphumela engcono ezimeni ezithile.
7. Izindlela zokwelapha ezihlosiwe: ukuhlasela amangqamuzana omdlavuza ngokuqondile
Izindlela zokwelapha ezihlosiwe ziyindlela entsha yokwelapha umdlavuza njengoba zigxila ekuhlaseleni amangqamuzana omdlavuza, kuncishiswe imiphumela emibi kumaseli anempilo. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zisekelwe olwazini lwezinguquko zofuzo namangqamuzana akhona kumdlavuza, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuklama izidakamizwa ezisebenza ngokunembile kulawa maseli ayingozi.
Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zokwelapha okuhlosiwe ukukhetha kwazo okuphezulu, okusho ukuthi Angavimba noma abambezele ukukhula kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza ngaphandle kokuthinta amaseli anempilo azungezile. Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu imiphumela emibi evamile ehlobene nezinye izindlela zokwelapha, njenge-chemotherapy evamile.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokwelapha ezihlosiwe, okuhlanganisa izidakamizwa ezithile, amasosha omzimba e-monoclonal, nama-molecule amancane ama-inhibitors. Le mithi iklanyelwe ukusebenzisana namaprotheni athile noma izindlela zokubonisa ezihilelekile ekuthuthukiseni umdlavuza nokuqhubekela phambili. Ngokuvimbela la maprotheni noma izindlela, ukukhula nokusabalala kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza kungaphazamiseka.
8. Intuthuko ocwaningweni lomdlavuza: amathemba athembisayo ekhambi eliqinisekile
Intuthuko ocwaningweni lomdlavuza inikeze amathuba athembisayo okuthola ikhambi eliqinisekile. Ososayensi nodokotela bahlale besebenzela izindlela ezintsha nezindlela zokwelapha ukwelapha lesi sifo esibhubhisayo. Enye yezinto ezijabulisa kakhulu kule ndawo i-immunotherapy, esebenzisa amasosha omzimba esiguli ukulwa nomdlavuza.
I-Immunotherapy ibonise imiphumela ethembisayo ezinhlotsheni eziningi zomdlavuza, okuhlanganisa i-melanoma, umdlavuza wamaphaphu nezinso. Lokhu kwelashwa kuncike emandleni amasosha omzimba okubona nokuhlasela amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Kusetshenziswa izindlela ezehlukene ku-immunotherapy, njengama-immune checkpoint inhibitors, akhubaza izindlela amangqamuzana omdlavuza azisebenzisayo ukubalekela amasosha omzimba.
Enye intuthuko ebalulekile imithi enembile, efuna ukwenza ukwelashwa komdlavuza kube ngokwakho kuye ngokwezakhi zofuzo namangqamuzana esiguli ngasinye. Lokhu kuvumela indlela eqondiswe kakhulu futhi ephumelelayo, ukugwema ukwelashwa okungadingekile nokunciphisa imiphumela emibi. Umuthi onembile usebenzisa ukuhlolwa kofuzo ukuhlonza izinguquko ezithile ku-DNA yesimila bese ukhetha izindlela zokwelapha eziqondiwe ezingahlasela lezo zinguquko ezithile. Le ndlela yenza izinguquko endleleni umdlavuza olashwa ngayo, inikeze ithemba kulezo ziguli ezingaphenduli ekwelashweni okujwayelekile.
9. Iqhaza le-chemotherapy ekulweni nomdlavuza
Ekulweni nomdlavuza, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kudlala indima ebalulekile. Lolu hlobo lokwelapha lusebenzisa imithi eqinile ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi avimbele ukukhula nokusabalala kwawo. I-Chemotherapy isetshenziswa ngezindlela ezihlukene, njengamaphilisi, imijovo, noma ngisho ngqo emthanjeni.
Izidakamizwa ze-Chemotherapeutic zihlasela amangqamuzana omdlavuza ezigabeni ezihlukene zokukhula nokuhlukana. Le mithi ikhethwa ngokucophelela ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lomdlavuza kanye nesiteji sawo, kanye nokucabangela izidingo zesiguli nokubekezelelana. Ngokuvamile kunikezwa ngemijikelezo ehlanganisa izikhathi zokwelashwa ezilandelwa ukuphumula ukuze umzimba ululame.
I-Chemotherapy ingaba nemiphumela engemihle eminingana, njengoba ingase futhi ithinte amangqamuzana anempilo ahlukana ngokushesha, njengamangqamuzana egazi, amangqamuzana ahlanganisa umgudu wokugaya ukudla, namangqamuzana ezinwele. Nokho, le miphumela engemihle iyalawuleka futhi ingalawuleka ngemithi kanye nezinguquko endleleni yokudla nendlela yokuphila. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-chemotherapy ingenye yezindlela zokwelapha eziningi ezitholakalayo ukulwa nomdlavuza nokuthi indlela esetshenziswayo ingahluka kuye ngesimo ngasinye. [END
10. Imithi Yokwelapha Ehlanganisiwe: Indlela Yokuphulukisa Umdlavuza
Inhlanganisela yezindlela zokwelapha iyindlela ehlukahlukene esetshenziswa kakhulu ekwelapheni umdlavuza. Leli su liqukethe ukusebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zokwelapha ngasikhathi sinye ukuhlasela umdlavuza ezindaweni eziningi futhi kwandiswe amathuba okuphumelela kokwelashwa.
Enye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu ekuhlanganiseni ukwelashwa ukwelapha okuhlosiwe okuhlanganiswe ne-chemotherapy. Ukwelapha okuhlosiwe kusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezithile ukuvimba izinqubo ezikhuthaza ukukhula nokusabalala komdlavuza, kuyilapho i-chemotherapy isebenzisa izidakamizwa ezivamile ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ngokuhlanganisa zombili izindlela zokwelapha, umphumela we-synergistic ufinyelelwa ongakhuphula ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa.
Enye indlela ethembisayo ukuhlanganisa i-immunotherapy nezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezinjengokwelashwa ngemisebe. I-Immunotherapy isiza amasosha omzimba abone futhi abulale amangqamuzana omdlavuza, kuyilapho ukwelashwa ngemisebe kusebenzisa imisebe ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ngokuhlanganisa zombili izindlela zokwelapha, impendulo yokuzivikela komzimba iyathuthukiswa futhi Kungafinyelelwa ukubhujiswa okukhulu kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza.
11. Izindlela zokwelapha ezihambisanayo: ukuhlanganisa ezinye izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza
Imithi yokwelapha ehambisanayo isiphenduke indlela esetshenziswa kakhulu ekwelashweni komdlavuza, enikeza ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zisetshenziswa kanye nokwelashwa kwendabuko ukusiza ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo yeziguli futhi kudambise imiphumela engemihle yokwelashwa okunamandla.
Enye yezindlela zokwelapha ezihambisanayo ezaziwa kakhulu i-acupuncture, ehlanganisa ukufakwa kwezinaliti ezinhle emaphuzwini athile emzimbeni ukuze kushukunyiswe ukugeleza kwamandla nokukhulula ubuhlungu. Ucwaningo oluningana lubonise ukuthi ukutshopa kungasebenza ngempumelelo ekwehliseni isicanucanu nokuhlanza okubangelwa ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, kanye nokunciphisa ukukhathazeka nokuthuthukisa inhlalakahle yeziguli iyonke.
Enye indlela yokwelapha ehambisanayo ethembisayo i-massage therapy. Amamasaji okwelapha angasiza ekunciphiseni ukucindezeleka, akhulule ubuhlungu bemisipha, futhi akhuthaze ukuphumula. Ukwengeza, kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi ukubhucungwa kungathuthukisa ukujikeleza kwegazi ne-lymph, okungaba yinzuzo ezigulini ezinomdlavuza. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lezi zindlela zokwelapha ezihambisanayo kufanele zisetshenziswe ngaphansi kokuqondisa kochwepheshe bezempilo futhi kuhlanganiswe nokwelashwa okuvamile.
12. Ukuthi ukwelapha umdlavuza kunqunywa kanjani: izimpawu kanye nokuhlolwa kokuphumelela kokwelashwa
Ukwelapha umdlavuza kuwumgomo wocwaningo oqhubekayo, futhi ukuzimisela kwawo kuhilela uchungechunge lwezimpawu kanye nokuhlolwa kokusebenza kokwelashwa. Lona umsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi odinga indlela ehlukahlukene kanye nokuhlolwa njalo kwemiphumela etholiwe. Omaka yizinto noma izici ezisetshenziswa njengezinkomba zokuba khona komdlavuza noma impendulo ekwelashweni. Ezinye izibonelo zezimpawu ezisetshenziswa ekutholeni nasekuhlolweni komdlavuza zihlanganisa ama-antigen athile, izakhi zofuzo ezithile noma amaprotheni, kanye nokuguqulwa kwe-chromosomal. Lezi zimpawu zingatholakala egazini, kuzicubu zesimila, noma kolunye uketshezi lomzimba.
Ukuhlolwa kokuphumelela kokwelashwa kuyinqubo eqhubekayo ehilela ukuqapha imingcele ehlukahlukene ngaphambi, ngesikhathi nangemva kokwelashwa. Lokhu kulandelana kungase kuhlanganise ukuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri, izifundo ze-imaging, ukuhlolwa komtholampilo, nokuhlaziywa kwe-histopathological. Imiphumela etholwe kulokhu kuhlola isivumela ukuthi sinqume ukuthi ingabe ukwelashwa kusebenza kahle futhi senze izinguquko uma kudingeka.
Kubalulekile ukugqamisa ukuthi ukunqunywa kokwelapha umdlavuza akusekelwe kuphela kumaka owodwa noma ekuhlolweni kwepharamitha eyodwa. Ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kwalesi sifo kudinga indlela ebanzi ecabangela izici eziningi nezigaba zenqubo. Ukuqapha njalo, ukuhlolwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zamamaki neziphetho, nokuhlaziywa okuhlanganyelwe kwemiphumela kuyadingeka ukuze uthole iziphetho ezinembile nezithembekile mayelana nempumelelo yokwelashwa nokwelapha umdlavuza.
13. Iqhaza lezivivinyo zomtholampilo ekufuneni izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha ezilwa nomdlavuza
Izivivinyo zemitholampilo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekusesheni nasekuthuthukisweni kwemithi emisha yokwelapha umdlavuza. Lezi zifundo zibalulekile ukuze kuhlolwe ukuphepha nokusebenza kwezindlela zokwelapha ezingase zibe khona, okuvumela inqubekelaphambili ekulweni nalesi sifo esibhubhisayo. Ngokuhlolwa komtholampilo, sifuna ukuthola imithi nezindlela zokwelapha ezithuthukisa izinketho zokwelapha ezitholakalayo ezigulini.
Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izivivinyo zemitholampilo zenziwa ngezigaba, kuqala ngezifundo eqenjini elincane leziguli futhi kancane kancane ziqhubekele ekuhlolweni ngesampula enkulu. Le ndlela elandela izinyathelo ivumela ukuqoqwa kwedatha ebanzi mayelana nokuphepha nokusebenza ngempumelelo kokwelashwa, okubalulekile ukuze kugunyazwe futhi kusetshenziswe ekusebenzeni komtholampilo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izivivinyo zomtholampilo azihloli kuphela imithi emisha, kodwa futhi namasu okwelapha ahlukene kanye nezindlela ezintsha. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe, i-immunotherapy, ukwelashwa kwezakhi zofuzo, nezinhlanganisela zokwelapha. Ngalolu cwaningo, sifuna ukuthola izindlela zokwelapha ezisebenza kahle neziqondene nawe ezingathuthukisa imiphumela yeziguli ezinomdlavuza. Izivivinyo zemitholampilo zimelela ithemba kulabo abangazange baphendule ekwelashweni okujwayelekile futhi bafuna ezinye izindlela zokulwa nesifo.
14. Ukucatshangelwa kwezimiso zokuziphatha kanye nokuziphatha ekwelapheni umdlavuza: ukulingana kanye nokufinyelela ekwelashweni
Ukwelapha umdlavuza kuphakamisa ukucatshangelwa okubalulekile kokuziphatha nokuziphatha, ikakhulukazi maqondana nokulingana kanye nokufinyelela ekwelashweni. Umdlavuza yisifo esibi esihlasela izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke, futhi kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu uthola ithuba elifanayo lokuthola ukunakekelwa okudingekayo ukulwa naso.
Kubalulekile ukubhekana nendaba yokulingana ekwelapheni umdlavuza, njengoba kunokungalingani okukhulu ekufinyeleleni ekwelashweni phakathi kwamaqembu ahlukene emphakathini. Okuguquguqukayo okufana nesimo senhlalo-mnotho, indawo yendawo, nokungafani ezinhlelweni zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kuthonya ikhono labantu lokuthola ukunakekelwa okudingekayo kanye nemithi.
Ukuze unqobe lezi zinselele zokuziphatha nezokuziphatha, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa izinqubomgomo namasu akhuthaza ukulingana ekufinyeleleni ekwelashweni komdlavuza. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusebenzisana phakathi kohulumeni, izinhlangano zezempilo kanye nomphakathi wesayensi ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinhlelo zokuhlonza kusenesikhathi, ukuhlinzeka ngemfundo yokuvikela nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukwelashwa kuyatholakala futhi kuyathengeka kubo bonke abakudingayo.
Sengiphetha, umdlavuza usalokhu uyisifo esiyinkimbinkimbi nesiyinselele emphakathini wezokwelapha. Naphezu kwenqubekelaphambili ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezindlela zokwelapha ezintsha, ikhambi eliwujuqu lomdlavuza alikakatholakali. Kodwa-ke, inqubekelaphambili enkulu yenziwe ekuqondeni izindlela zesifo kanye nokusebenzisa izindlela zokwelapha ezisebenza ngempumelelo.
Kubalulekile ukugqamisa ukuthi icala ngalinye lomdlavuza lihlukile futhi lidinga ukuhlolwa komuntu ngamunye. Ukwelashwa kwamanje kusekelwe ezindleleni eziningi ezihlanganisa ukuhlinzwa, i-radiotherapy, i-chemotherapy, i-immunotherapy kanye nokwelashwa okuhlosiwe, phakathi kokunye. Ukukhethwa kokwelashwa kuzoncika ohlotsheni kanye nesigaba somdlavuza, kanye nezici zesiguli ngasinye.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuxilonga kusenesikhathi kusaqhubeka kuyinsika ekulweni nomdlavuza. Izinhlelo zokuhlonza kusenesikhathi, njenge-mammograms, colonoscopy, nokuhlolwa komdlavuza wesikhumba, zingamathuluzi ayinhloko okuhlonza lesi sifo ekuqaleni kwaso, okwandisa amathuba okwelashwa ngempumelelo.
Mayelana nocwaningo nentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo, kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokuxhasa ngezimali isayensi nokuqamba izinto ezintsha emkhakheni we-oncology. Ososayensi basebenza kanzima ukuze baqonde izindlela zamangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi bathole amasu amasha okwelapha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo oluthembisayo lwezokwelapha ngofuzo kanye nemithi yomuntu siqu lunikeza ithemba ngentuthuko enkulu ekwelapheni umdlavuza esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.
Kafushane, nakuba ikhambi eliphelele lomdlavuza lingakatholakali, intuthuko yezokwelapha iyaqhubeka inikeza izindlela zokwelapha eziphumelelayo kanye nemiphumela engcono yeziguli. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi, indlela yokwenza izinto eziningi kanye nocwaningo oluqhubekayo kuyizici ezibalulekile ekulweni nalesi sifo. Njengomphakathi, kufanele seseke futhi sikhuthaze imizamo yocwaningo futhi sizinikele ekunikezeni ukunakekelwa okungcono kakhulu kwalabo abahlaselwe umdlavuza, sifune usuku lapho singasho khona ukuthi silitholile ikhambi.
Ngingu-Sebastián Vidal, unjiniyela wekhompyutha ozifelayo ngobuchwepheshe kanye ne-DIY. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngingumdali we tecnobits.com, lapho ngabelana khona ngezifundo zokwenza ubuchwepheshe bufinyeleleke kakhudlwana futhi buqonde wonke umuntu.