Indlela Inkambu Yezibuthe Yomhlaba Yakhiwe

Amandla kazibuthe omhlaba angesinye sezici ezithakazelisa kakhulu neziyindida zeplanethi yethu. Nakuba ingabonakali ngeso lenyama, idlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni ukuphila eMhlabeni futhi ukwakheka kwayo kuyindaba yocwaningo nenkulumo-mpikiswano emphakathini wesayensi. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi inkambu kazibuthe yomhlaba yakhiwe kanjani, kusukela ezinqubweni zangaphakathi enkabeni yoMhlaba kuya ekusebenzelaneni kwawo nomoya welanga. Ngokusebenzisa indlela yobuchwepheshe nokungathathi hlangothi, sizovula izenzakalo ezibonakalayo ezifaka isandla ekukhiqizeni nasekugcinweni kwalo mkhakha kazibuthe osizungezile.

1. Isingeniso sensimu kazibuthe yomhlaba

Umhlaba kazibuthe ungenye yezinto ezithakazelisa kakhulu ku-physics. Kuyimpahla yangaphakathi yeplanethi enguMhlaba esizungezile futhi inomthelela omkhulu ezimpilweni zethu zansuku zonke. Kulesi sigaba, sizohlola ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi iyini inkambu kazibuthe yomhlaba nokuthi ikhiqizwa kanjani.

Umhlaba uzibuthe uwumphumela wokusebenzelana phakathi kwengqikithi yensimbi ewuketshezi yomhlaba kanye nokujikeleza kwayo. Lo mkhakha udlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni iplanethi yethu ezinhlayiyeni ezigcwele umkhathi. Futhi inesibopho sokwakheka kwe-magnetosphere, isifunda esimise okwebhamuza esizungeza uMhlaba futhi sichezukisa izinhlayiya eziyingozi kakhulu.

Ukuze uqonde kangcono lesi simo, kubalulekile ukwazi imiqondo eyisisekelo ye-magnetism. Indawo kazibuthe yomhlaba ingamelwa imigqa ecatshangelwayo eyaziwa ngokuthi imigqa yokugeleza. Le migqa yakha iphethini esukela esigxotsheni sikazibuthe esisenyakatho iye esigxotsheni sikazibuthe esiseningizimu. Ukwengeza, amandla kazibuthe ayahlukahluka kuye ngendawo, okusivumela ukuthi senze izilinganiso ezinembile sisebenzisa amakhampasi nezinye izinsimbi kazibuthe.

2. Ithonya lenkaba engaphakathi ekwakhekeni kwensimu kazibuthe Yomhlaba

Ocwaningweni lwe-geophysics, ingqikithi Yomhlaba idlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhekeni kwendawo kazibuthe Yomhlaba. Lo mnyombo, owakhiwe ngokuyinhloko ngensimbi eqinile, usenkabeni yeplanethi futhi ukhiqiza amandla kazibuthe anwebeka kuyo yonke iplanethi. Ithonya lale nucleus ekwakhekeni kwensimu kazibuthe Yomhlaba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda izenzakalo ezifana nezibani zasenyakatho kanye nokuvikelwa kweplanethi emisebeni yelanga.

Inqubo yokwenza amandla kazibuthe oMhlaba iqala enkabeni yangaphakathi yoMhlaba, lapho umfutho ophezulu kanye nezinga lokushisa livumela ukuba insimbi itholakale esimweni sayo esiqinile. Ngenxa yokushisa okukhiqizwe i-lique yangaphandle core, ingaphakathi elingaphakathi lizwa ukunyakaza okuguquguqukayo okukhiqiza amaza kagesi kusuka ekuphatheni kwezinto. Lawa maza kagesi adala inkambu kazibuthe ngomphumela we-dynamo, lapho ukusebenzisana phakathi kokunyakaza kwenkaba yangaphakathi kanye nenkundla kazibuthe ekhiqizwe ngakuwo kuqinisa futhi kugcine inkambu kazibuthe Yomhlaba.

Idlulela ngale kwesizukulwane sakho. Ucwaningo lokuhlukahluka kanye nezinguquko endaweni kazibuthe inikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nesimo nokuvela kwengqikithi yangaphakathi Yomhlaba. Lolu lwazi lubalulekile ukuze uqonde izinqubo ze-geodynamic kanye ne-geomagnetic ezenzeka ngaphakathi kweplanethi, kanye nokubikezela kanye nokunciphisa imiphumela yokuphazamiseka kazibuthe ezinhlelweni zobuchwepheshe nezokuxhumana.
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3. Inqubo yokukhiqiza insimu kazibuthe ngaphakathi komnyombo wangaphandle

Kuyinto eyinkimbinkimbi ehlanganisa izigaba eziningana. Okulandelayo, i izinyathelo ezibalulekile ukuqondisisa Le nqubo:

1. I-Thermal Convection: Isinyathelo sokuqala sokukhiqiza inkambu kazibuthe ukuguquguquka okushisayo kumongo wangaphandle weplanethi noma inkanyezi. Le nqubo yenzeka ngenxa yokwehluka kwezinga lokushisa kumongo wangaphandle, okhiqiza ama-convection currents. Le misinga ithutha ukushisa ukusuka ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu kuya kwezibandayo, ngaleyo ndlela ikhiqize ukunyakaza okuguquguqukayo.

2. Umphumela we-Dynamo: I-convection eshisayo kumongo wangaphandle idala ukunyakaza koketshezi olusebenzayo. Lokhu kunyakaza kusebenzisana nenkundla kazibuthe ekhona, ikhiqiza into eyaziwa ngokuthi i-dynamo effect. Umphumela we-dynamo inqubo lapho amandla e-kinetic oketshezi oluqhubayo aguqulwa abe amandla kazibuthe, adale futhi akhulise insimu kazibuthe engxenyeni engaphandle.

3. Dala futhi uhlanganise okokufundisa: Uma imiqondo eyisisekelo yokwenza kazibuthe ngaphakathi kwenkambo yangaphandle isiqondwa, okokufundisa okungokoqobo kungenziwa ukuze kusetshenziswe lolu lwazi. Kubalulekile ukubhekana nezibonelo zendlela yokubala nokuhlaziya ubukhulu nesiqondiso senkambu kazibuthe ekhiqiziwe. Amathuluzi afana nokulingiswa kwezinombolo nesofthiwe ekhethekile angasetshenziswa ukuthola imiphumela enembe kakhulu. Ngokulandela le nqubo isinyathelo ngesinyathelo, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kazibuthe enkabeni yangaphandle kuzokwazi ukuqondwa ngendlela ejulile nephelele.

4. Ukubaluleka kwe-convection ekwakhekeni kwendawo kazibuthe yomhlaba

I-Convection idlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhekeni kwendawo kazibuthe Yomhlaba. Ngale nqubo, i-conductive material engxenyeni engaphandle yeplanethi iyashisa futhi iqhubeke nokukhushulwa kanye nokwehla. Le misinga ikhiqiza ukunyakaza kwamashaji kagesi okubangela amandla kazibuthe oMhlaba.

Ukuze sisiqonde kangcono lesi senzakalo, singacabanga ngengqikithi yoMhlaba njengebhodwe elikhulu lamanzi abilayo. Njengoba i-material ishisa maphakathi nenkaba, ikhuphukela phezulu kweplanethi. Uma ingaphezulu, impahla iyaphola futhi izike ibuyele phakathi nendawo. Lokhu kunyakaza kwe-convective njalo kwakha iluphu yemisinga enesibopho sokukhiqiza nokugcina amandla kazibuthe oMhlaba.

iqiniso lokuthi ngaphandle kwale nqubo, iplanethi yethu ibingeke ibe namandla kazibuthe avikelayo. Amandla kazibuthe oMhlaba achezukisa izinhlayiya ezishajelwe emoyeni welanga futhi avikele Umhlaba emisebeni eyingozi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla kazibuthe abalulekile ekuqondiseni nasekuqondiseni izinto eziningi eziphilayo, kuhlanganise nabantu.

5. Indima yokujikeleza koMhlaba ekucushweni kwendawo kazibuthe

Ukuzungeza komhlaba kudlala indima ebalulekile ekulolongeni amandla kazibuthe eplanethi. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwengqikithi yensimbi encibilikisiwe ewuketshezi enkabeni yoMhlaba nokuzungeza kwawo kudala into eyaziwa ngokuthi i-dynamo effect, ekhiqiza futhi igcine amandla kazibuthe. Ngaphandle kokujikeleza koMhlaba, bekungeke kube khona inkambu kazibuthe engasivikela emisebeni yelanga ne-cosmic, ngaphezu kokudlala indima ebalulekile ekuhambeni nasekuqondiseni kwezilwane ezinjengezinyoni ezifudukayo.

Umphumela we-dynamo kuyinqubo inkimbinkimbi efaka i-convection kanye nokuthutha ukushisa enkabeni yoMhlaba. Njengoba i-liquid core ishisiswa ngezansi ngemisebe evela emvelweni woMhlaba, imisinga kagesi ikhiqizwa ngaphakathi koketshezi oluqhubayo. Lawa maza kagesi, wona, akhiqiza insimu kazibuthe ngochungechunge lwezinqubo ezibonakalayo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezaziwa ngokuthi izenzo ze-electromagnetic convection.

Ukuzungeza komhlaba kudlala indima ebalulekile kule nqubo. Ukuzungeza kweplanethi kuthinta indlela amagagasi kagesi akhula ngayo kanye nendlela axhumana ngayo ngaphakathi kwenkambo yoketshezi. Njengoba uMhlaba uzungeza, amandla e-Coriolis achezukisa imisinga kagesi iye kwesokudla eNyakatho Nenkabazwe nakwesobunxele eNingizimu Nenkabazwe. Lokhu kuchezuka kukhiqiza ukugeleza kwe-helical okushayela ukunyakaza koketshezi oluqhubayo, ngaleyo ndlela kukhiqize insimu kazibuthe Yomhlaba.

6. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwendima kazibuthe ne-magnetosphere yoMhlaba

Kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ocwaningweni lwe-space physics. Amandla kazibuthe oMhlaba akhiqizwa ukuhamba kwensimbi encibilikisiwe engxenyeni engaphandle yomhlaba. Lo mkhakha kazibuthe uvikela iplanethi yethu emisebeni yelanga ne-cosmic ngokwenza uhlobo lwesihlangu ezizungeze uMhlaba, olwaziwa ngokuthi i-magnetosphere.

I-magnetosphere Yomhlaba iyisifunda esishintshashintsha kakhulu futhi esiyinkimbinkimbi lapho ukuxhumana kwenzeka khona phakathi komoya welanga kanye nensimu yamagnetic yomhlaba. Lokhu kusebenzisana kungadala izenzakalo ezihlukene, njengezibani ezisenyakatho naseningizimu, iziphepho ze-geomagnetic kanye nokukhishwa kwe-coronal mass. Ukucwaninga kwalokhu kusebenzisana kubalulekile ukuze siqonde ukuguquguquka kwe-magnetosphere kanye nomthelela wawo endaweni yethu yendawo kanye nezobuchwepheshe.

Ukuze kuphenywe futhi kuqondwe, kusetshenziswa izindlela namathuluzi ahlukahlukene. Ukubuka okuvela kumasathelayithi nama-space probe kunikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nezakhiwo zensimu kazibuthe kanye ne-magnetosphere ezindaweni ezahlukene zesikhala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amamodeli ezibalo kanye nokulingiswa kwekhompiyutha asetshenziselwa ukutadisha amandla e-magnetosphere ngokuningiliziwe futhi abikezele ukuziphatha kwawo ezimweni ezahlukene.

Ucwaningo lubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda izinqubo ezibonakalayo ezenzeka endaweni eseduze-noMhlaba. Lokhu kunemithelela ebalulekile ezindaweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukuzulazula emkhathini, ukuxhumana ngesathelayithi kanye nokuvikelwa kwengqalasizinda yasemhlabeni emonakalweni obangelwa izenzakalo ze-geomagnetic. Ukuthuthukisa ukuqonda kwethu lezi zenzakalo kusivumela ukuthi sithathe izinyathelo zokuphepha futhi sithuthukise ubuchwepheshe obuqine kakhulu obumelana nokuhluka kwenkundla kazibuthe yomhlaba.

7. Indima yamaza kagesi ku-mantosphere ekwakhekeni kwensimu kazibuthe yoMhlaba

Amandla kazibuthe omhlaba abalulekile ukuze kuvikelwe iplanethi yethu ezinhlayiyeni zelanga nemisebe eyingozi. Enye yezincazelo ezamukeleka kakhulu ngokwakheka kwawo indima ebalulekile yamaza kagesi ku-mantosphere yoMhlaba. Le misinga, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-telluric currents, iwukugeleza kokushaja okukhiqizwa izinqubo ezahlukene eMhlabeni futhi itholakala ezindaweni ezingaphezulu zomkhathi.

Imisinga kagesi ku-mantosphere ikhiqizwa ikakhulukazi ukuxhumana phakathi kwensimu kazibuthe yomhlaba nomoya welanga, kanye nomsebenzi we-tectonic ne-volcanic. Le misinga igeleza kuyindilinga ezungeze iplanethi futhi ikhiqize izizibuthe zesibili ezisebenzisana nensimu eyinhloko. Ukuhlanganiswa kwala mandla kazibuthe kubangela inkambu kazibuthe yomhlaba wonke.

Ukuze baqonde kangcono le nqubo, ososayensi basebenzisa amamodeli ezinombolo kanye nokubhekwa kwesathelayithi ukuze bafunde ukusatshalaliswa namandla ale misinga ye-telluric. Lezi zifundo zibonisa ukuthi imisinga kagesi ku-mantosphere ihlobene eduze nesakhiwo sangaphakathi soMhlaba kanye nomsebenzi wawo we-geodynamic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo lwakamuva luphakamisa ukuthi ukuguquguquka kulawa misinga kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekuzinzeni kwesikhathi eside kwendawo kazibuthe Yomhlaba.

8. Umnikelo wokunyakaza kwe-tectonic ekucushweni kwendawo kazibuthe

Ukunyakaza kwe-Tectonic kudlala indima ebalulekile ekulolongeni indawo kazibuthe Yomhlaba. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamapuleti e-tectonic kubangela izinguquko ekubunjweni nasekusabalaliseni amaminerali kazibuthe akhona oqweqweni loMhlaba, okuthonya ngokuqondile ukukhiqizwa nokuguqulwa kwendima kazibuthe.

Inqubo iqala ngokwakhiwa kwamapuleti amasha e-tectonic emingceleni ehlukene, lapho ukunwetshwa kwephansi lolwandle kwenzeka. Njengoba amapuleti ehlukana, i-magma ekhuphukayo iphusha emifantwini bese iqina ibe amadwala e-basaltic. Lawa matshe aqukethe amaminerali kazibuthe, njenge-magnetite, agcina i-polarity kazibuthe yensimu ngesikhathi sokwakheka kwawo.

Njengoba amapuleti e-tectonic ehamba emingceleni eguquguqukayo, njengasezindaweni ezincishisiwe noma ezingqubuzanayo zezwekazi, izinguquko zenzeka esakhiweni nakumagiya amaminerali kazibuthe. Lokhu kunomthelela ekuhlelweni kabusha kwendawo kazibuthe ngesikhathi sokuma kwezwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzamazama komhlaba nokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo okuhambisana nokunyakaza kwe-tectonic nakho kungathinta ukusatshalaliswa nokuziphatha kwendima kazibuthe ebusweni boMhlaba.

9. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-magnetosphere nokuvikelwa emoyeni welanga

I-magnetosphere iyisifunda somhlaba kazibuthe esisebenza njengesivikelo emoyeni welanga. Lesi sifunda sikhiqizwa umnyombo kazibuthe weplanethi yethu futhi udlulela emkhathini ongaphandle.

Umoya welanga uqukethe izinhlayiya ezishajayo kanye nemisebe ekhishwa yiLanga Lezi zinhlayiya zingaba yingozi empilweni eMhlabeni njengoba zingalimaza ungqimba lwe-ozone futhi zithinte ukuxhumana kwesathelayithi.

I-magnetosphere isebenza njengesihlangu ngokuchezukisa futhi iqondise kabusha iningi lomoya welanga elizungeze uMhlaba. Lokhu kufinyelelwa ngenxa yokuxhumana phakathi kwensimu kazibuthe yomhlaba kanye nezinhlayiya ezikhokhiswayo zomoya welanga. Lokhu kuvikela kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhlalwa kweplanethi yethu kanye nokusebenza kahle kobuchwepheshe basemkhathini.

10. Umthelela wokuguqula kazibuthe Emhlabeni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi

Umhlaba uwuhlelo oluguquguqukayo olunensimu kazibuthe eye yashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Umthelela wokuguqulwa kwezinto kazibuthe Emhlabeni yinto ethokozisayo neyinkimbinkimbi esithathe ososayensi amashumi eminyaka. Lokhu kuguqulwa, okwenzeka lapho amandla kazibuthe ehlehla futhi eshintsha lapho eya khona, ashiye uphawu emadwaleni namaminerali eplanethi yethu.

Ukuze uqonde kangcono lo mphumela, kubalulekile ukufunda umlando wokwakheka komhlaba ngokusebenzisa amatshe awo. Ososayensi bangahlaziya izendlalelo zamatshe e-sedimentary futhi basebenzise amasu afana ne-radiometric dating ukuze banqume iminyaka yamadwala. Ngokutadisha izendlalelo zamadwala, kutholwe ukuthi ukuhlehla kwenkundla kazibuthe kwenzeka ngomjikelezo kuyo yonke indawo zomlando emhlabeni.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlehla, inkambu kazibuthe Yomhlaba iba buthaka futhi iba nesiphithiphithi ngaphambi kokuthi igcine ihlehla futhi izinze endaweni entsha. Lezi zehlakalo zingathatha izinkulungwane zeminyaka futhi zibe nomthelela omkhulu endaweni kazibuthe yomhlaba. Ukwengeza, ukuguqulwa kwamandla kazibuthe nakho kungathonya umkhathi womhlaba nesimo sezulu. Ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonise ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwamandla kazibuthe kungathinta inani lemisebe yelanga ne-cosmic efinyelela eMhlabeni, okungase kube nemiphumela yokuphila emhlabeni wethu. Kafushane, umthelela wokuhlehla kwenkundla kazibuthe Emhlabeni isihloko esithakazelisayo nesifundwa njalo esisisiza siqonde kangcono umlando wethu wokwakheka komhlaba kanye nomthelela wawo endaweni yethu.

11. Izilinganiso kanye nokubhekwa kwamandla kazibuthe oMhlaba

Amandla kazibuthe oMhlaba ayingxenye ebalulekile yeplanethi yethu esivikela emisebeni yelanga futhi asivumele ukuba sihambe futhi sibheke. Ukuze uqonde futhi ufunde lo mkhakha, kuyadingeka ukwenza izilinganiso ezinembile kanye nokubhekwa. Ngezansi amanye amasu namathuluzi asetshenziswa ekukaleni indawo kazibuthe yomhlaba.

Enye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu zokukala insimu kazibuthe yomhlaba ngokusebenzisa ama-magnetometers. Lawa mathuluzi ayakwazi ukubona nokulinganisa ukushuba kanye nesiqondiso senkundla kazibuthe endaweni ethile. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-magnetometers, njenge-proton magnetometer, i-cesium magnetometer, ne-gradiometer magnetometer, ngayinye enezinzuzo zayo kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza.

Enye indlela esetshenziswa ukukala amandla kazibuthe oMhlaba wukubheka izibani ezisenyakatho naseningizimu. Lezi zenzakalo ezikhanyayo zenzeka eduze nezigxobo kazibuthe Zomhlaba futhi ziwumphumela wokusebenzelana phakathi kwezinhlayiya ezishajiwe ezivela emoyeni welanga kanye nensimu kazibuthe Yomhlaba. Ukufunda izici ze-auroras kunganikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nokuma nokuziphatha kwendawo kazibuthe.

12. Ukusetshenziswa okungokoqobo kolwazi mayelana nomhlabathi kazibuthe

Zihlukahlukene futhi zikhona emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yesayensi. Enye yezindawo lapho lolu lwazi lubaluleke khona i-geology, lapho amandla kazibuthe oMhlaba asetshenziselwa ukuphenya umlando nesakhiwo sangaphakathi seplanethi yethu. Ngokutadisha iziphazamiso kazibuthe oqweqweni loMhlaba, ososayensi bangathola ulwazi mayelana nokwakheka kwamatshe, ama-plate tectonics, kanye nokuba khona kwamaminerali.

Ngokungeziwe ekusebenziseni kwayo ku-geology, indawo kazibuthe Yomhlaba nayo idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhambeni. Amatilosi asebenzisa amakhampasi ancike ekusebenzelaneni phakathi kwezinaliti kazibuthe kanye nenkundla kazibuthe Yomhlaba ukuze ziziqondise. Leli thuluzi libalulekile ekuhambeni kwasolwandle nasemoyeni, okuvumela amatilosi nabashayeli bezindiza ukuhlela imizila enembile futhi bagweme ukuchezuka okungafunwa.

Emkhakheni wezokwelapha, ulwazi mayelana nensimu kazibuthe yomhlaba lusetshenziswa ku-imaging magnetic resonance (MRI), indlela ye-imaging yezokwelapha evumela ukubonwa kwengaphakathi lendawo. umzimba womuntu ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuphendukela ezindleleni ezihlaselayo. I-MRI isuselwe ekusetshenzisweni kozibuthe abanamandla ngokwedlulele akhiqiza inkambu kazibuthe enamandla futhi efanayo ngaphakathi kwesikena. Lo mkhakha kazibuthe uhlangana nama-athomu omzimba, ukhiqize amasignali atholwayo futhi aguqulwe abe izithombe ezinemininingwane yengaphakathi lesiguli.

Kafushane, inkambu kazibuthe Yomhlaba inezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingokoqobo emikhakheni eyahlukene yesayensi nobuchwepheshe. Kusukela ocwaningweni lwesayensi yokwakheka komhlaba kuya ekuzulazuleni nasemithi, ulwazi mayelana nezizibuthe Zomhlaba lubonakale lubalulekile ekuqondeni iplanethi yethu nokuthuthukisa amathuluzi athuthukisa izinga lethu lokuphila.

13. Izinselele nezimfihlakalo ezisazoxazululwa ekwakhekeni kwensimu kazibuthe yoMhlaba

Amandla kazibuthe oMhlaba angenye yezinto ezithakazelisa kakhulu futhi eziyimfihlakalo ezingakaqondwa ngokugcwele ososayensi. Njengoba ucwaningo kulo mkhakha luqhubeka, izinselelo nezimfihlakalo eziningana kusalokhu kungaxazululeki. Lezi zinselele zisukela emsuka wangempela womhlaba kazibuthe kuya ekuziphatheni kwawo kanye nokuhluka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu ososayensi ababhekana nazo ukunquma ngokunembile ukuthi amandla kazibuthe oMhlaba akhiqizwa kanjani. Lo mkhakha ucatshangelwe ukuthi ukhiqizwa ukunyakaza kwezinsimbi eziwuketshezi engxenyeni engaphandle yomhlaba, kodwa ukuqonda okuphelele kwezinqubo ezibonakalayo ezihilelekile kusantuleka. Ukuxazulula le ndida kuzodinga inhlanganisela yedatha yokuqaphela, izivivinyo zaselabhorethri, nokulingisa izinombolo.

Enye imfihlakalo ethakazelisayo ukuthi kungani inkambu kazibuthe Yomhlaba ishintsha ngezikhathi ezithile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. kuwo wonke umlando geological. Lokhu kuguqulwa kuhilela ukuguqulwa okuphelele kokuma kwenkundla kazibuthe, ukuze isigxobo sasenyakatho sikazibuthe sibe isigxobo esiseningizimu kazibuthe futhi ngokuphambene nalokho. Yini ebangela lokhu kuguqulwa futhi kunamuphi umthelela endaweni kazibuthe Yomhlaba kanye neplanethi yethu ngokujwayelekile? Le mibuzo namanje ayinazo izimpendulo eziqondile futhi isazoqhubeka nokuba yisihloko socwaningo eminyakeni ezayo.

14. Imithelela yokuzulazula emkhathini kanye nemisebenzi ye-interplanetary

Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ekuzulazuleni emkhathini kanye nemisebenzi ye-interplanetary iye yavula amathuba amasha nezinselele zokuhlola indawo. Le mithelela ibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwemiklamo yesikhathi esizayo kanye nokwanda kolwazi lwethu ngendawo yonke.. Ngezansi, sizohlola eminye yale mithelela eyinhloko.

1. Ukunemba okukhulu ekuzulazuleni: Imisebenzi ye-Interplanetary idinga ukufinyelela izindawo ezithile ngokunemba kwemilimitha. Ukuze kuzuzwe lokhu, kuye kwathuthukiswa amasistimu okuzulazula athuthukayo, afana nokusetshenziswa kokuqondisa nokulawula ama-algorithms, amasistimu wokumisa umhlaba kanye nezilinganiso ezisuselwe ezinkanyezini. Lokhu kuthuthuka kuvumela ukuma okunembe kakhudlwana nokuzulazula, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwemishini kanye nempumelelo.

2. Ukucatshangelwa kwamandla adonsela phansi: Ukuzulazula emkhathini ophakathi kwamaplanethi kuthonywa amandla adonsela phansi amaplanethi nezinye izindikimba zasezulwini. Ukuze bakhe imizila yokuzulazula ephumelelayo, onjiniyela kufanele bacabangele lawa mathonya futhi babale ama-trajectory asizakala ngezinsizi zamandla adonsela phansi. Lokhu konga uphethiloli nesikhathi ohambweni, kuthuthukisa ukuhlola kwendawo.

3. ukuxhumana kwebanga elide: Imisebenzi ye-interplanetary idinga ukuxhumana okusebenzayo nokuthembekile phakathi kwama-space probe neziteshi eziphansi. Ukuze kunqotshwe amabanga amakhulu ahilelekile, kusungulwe izinhlelo zokuxhumana ezinamandla amakhulu kanye nezimpondo eziqondisa kakhulu. Ukwengeza, izivumelwano ezikhethekile zisetshenziselwa ukuthumela nokwamukela idatha ngesikhathi esiphansi kakhulu sokubambezeleka, okuqinisekisa ukudluliswa okushelelayo kolwazi nemiyalo phakathi koMhlaba nomsebenzi osemkhathini.

Sengiphetha, zijulile futhi zibaluleke kakhulu ekuhloleni indawo. Ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kulo mkhakha kuvumele ukunemba okukhulu ekuzulazuleni, ukucatshangelwa kwamandla adonsela phansi asebenza kangcono, nokuxhumana okuthembeke kakhudlwana kwebanga elide.. Le ntuthuko ivula indlela yephrojekthi yesikhathi esizayo yokuhlola indawo futhi isisondeza ekuqondeni izimfihlakalo zendawo yonke.

Sengiphetha, inkambu kazibuthe yomhlaba iwumphumela wokusebenzelana okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwezingxenye ezimbalwa. Amandla kagesi akhiqizwa kumongo wangaphandle we-iron-nickel owuketshezi, oqhutshwa ukushisa kwangaphakathi nama-convection currents, adala ukunyakaza okushintsha njalo. Lokhu kunyakaza kudala inkambu kazibuthe eyinhloko esukela emkhathini iye emkhathini.

Nokho, inkambu kazibuthe yomhlaba ayimile; Ibhekana nokuhlukahluka kokubili kwesikhashana kanye nesikhathi eside. Ama-convection currents ku-mantle engenhla kanye nokusebenzisana nezingxenye zangaphandle, njengomoya welanga, nakho kunomthelela ekumisweni kwendawo kazibuthe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufuduka nokwanda kwezigxobo kazibuthe kuyizinto ezivamile ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokuma komhlaba.

Amandla kazibuthe omhlaba anendima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni umkhathi wethu nokuphila okusemhlabeni. Isebenza njengesivikelo ezinhlayiyeni ezikhokhiswayo ezivela elangeni, iphambukisa indlela yazo futhi ivimbele umonakalo omkhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ekuhambeni nasekuqondisweni kwezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane.

Nakuba siqhubeka nokuphenya imininingwane eqondile yokuthi inkambu kazibuthe Yomhlaba yakha futhi ishintsha kanjani, ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe nezindlela zokufunda kusinikeze ukuqonda okujulile kwalesi simo esibalulekile. Ngokuqhubeka kocwaningo nokubheka, cishe sizoqhubeka nokwembula izimfihlakalo zamandla kazibuthe nokubaluleka kwawo endaweni yonke enkulu.