Zenziwa kanjani izikulufu

Izikulufu ziyizici ezibalulekile embonini nasekwakhiweni, njengoba umsebenzi wazo uwukuhlanganisa nokulungisa izingcezu ezahlukene ndawonye. Ukubaluleka kwayo kusekukwazini kwayo ukunikeza ukuzinza nokumelana nezakhiwo. Kodwa ingabe wake wazibuza ukuthi le mishini emincane kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu yenziwa kanjani? Esihlokweni esilandelayo, sizohlola inqubo yokukhiqiza izikulufu, kusukela ekukhethweni kwezinto zokwakha kuya ekuqedeni kwazo kokugcina, ukuqonda ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwazo kwenziwa kanjani. Uma singena emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe, sizothola imishini namasu asetshenzisiwe, kanye nezinyathelo nokubekezelela okudingekayo ukuze sithole izikulufo. ikhwalithi ephezulu nokunemba. Uma ufisa ukwazi ukungena nokuphuma kokukhiqizwa kwalezi zakhi ezibalulekile, awukwazi ukuphuthelwa yileli phepha elimhlophe elithi “Indlela Izikulufu Zenziwa Ngayo”!

1. Isingeniso sokukhiqiza isikulufu

Ukwenziwa kwezikulufo Kuyinqubo ukhiye embonini yezokwakha neyokukhiqiza. Izikulufu zisetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa izinto ndawonye futhi zinikeze amandla nokuzinza ezinhlelweni ezihlukene. Lesi sihloko sizokwethula isingeniso esiningiliziwe sokwenza izikulufu, kusukela ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo kuye kunqubo yokukhiqiza ngokwayo.

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto ezisetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwezikulufu. Izinto ezivame kakhulu yi-carbon steel, insimbi engagqwali nethusi. Impahla ngayinye inokwakhe izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi ngokwamandla, ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nezindleko. Ukwengeza, izikulufu zingaphinda zibe nokuqedwa okuhlukile kwendawo, okufana namagalani noma i-zinc plated, ukuthuthukisa ukuqina kwazo.

Inqubo yokukhiqiza isikulufu ibandakanya izigaba eziningana. Okokuqala, izinto ezisetshenziswayo ziyakhethwa futhi zisikwe zibe imigoqo yobukhulu obufanele besikulufu esifunwayo. Imigoqo ibe isishisiswe ekushiseni okuphezulu futhi yenziwe inqubo yokugxiviza ebandayo. Izikulufu zibe sezihamba ngenqubo yokugoqa intambo ukudala imicu ebusweni. Ekugcineni, ukwelashwa kokushisa kuyenziwa futhi okuhambisanayo kokuqedwa kwendawo kuyasetshenziswa.

Kafushane, ukwenziwa kwezikulufi kuyinqubo eyisisekelo embonini. Ukwazi izinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza kungakusiza uqonde ikhwalithi nokusebenza kwezikulufu ezisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene. Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ikhwalithi yezikulufi idlala indima ebalulekile ekuphepheni nasekuqineni kwezakhiwo nezinto ezisetshenziswa kuzo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukulandela izinqubo zokukhiqiza eziqinile nokusebenzisa izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe imiphumela emihle..

2. Ukubaluleka kwezikulufu embonini

3. Izinto eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni isikulufa

Izikulufu ziyizinto ezibalulekile zokubamba nokuhlanganisa izinto ezahlukene. Ukukhiqizwa kwayo kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziyinhloko ezihlukahlukene eziqinisekisa ukumelana nokuqina kwayo. Izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwezikulufi zichazwe ngezansi.

1. Insimbi: Insimbi ingenye yezinto ezivame kakhulu ekukhiqizeni izikulufu. Amandla azo aphezulu enza izikulufu zensimbi zilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga amandla amakhulu okubamba. Ukwengeza, insimbi ingaphathwa ngokushisa ukuze ithuthuke izakhiwo zayo mechanical, okwenza kube ukukhetha okudumile kwezikulufu eziqine kakhulu.

2. Insimbi engagqwali: Insimbi engagqwali isetshenziswa ekwenzeni izikulufu ezizochayeka ezimeni ezigqwalile. Le nto inokumelana okuphezulu ne-oxidation kanye nokugqwala, okuyivumela ukuthi igcine ukubukeka nokusebenza kwayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izikulufu zensimbi engagqwali zivame ukusetshenziswa olwandle, izinhlelo zokusebenza zangaphandle nasezindaweni zamakhemikhali.

3. Ithusi: Ithusi ingenye into esetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni izikulufu, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni lapho ukubukeka kobuhle kubalulekile. Le nto i-alloy yethusi ne-zinc, enikeza ukumelana okuhle nokugqwala kanye nokuhamba kahle kwe-thermal kanye nogesi. Izikulufu zethusi zivame ukusetshenziswa ekwenzeni ifenisha, izinto zikagesi nezinsimbi zomculo.

Kafushane, izikulufi zingenziwa ngezinto ezihlukahlukene, kodwa insimbi, insimbi engagqwali, nethusi yizona ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni kwazo. Ngayinye yalezi zinto inezici ezithile ezizenza zilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukukhetha izinto ezifanele ngokusekelwe emandleni, ukuqina kanye nezidingo zokubukeka kobuhle zephrojekthi ngayinye.

4. Inqubo yokukhiqiza isikulufu: kusuka ekuklanyweni kuya ekukhiqizeni

Inqubo yokukhiqiza isikulufu ibalulekile embonini yokukhiqiza, njengoba lezi zakhi zisetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlotsheni eziningi zokusebenza. Kusukela ekuklanyweni kuya ekukhiqizeni, isinyathelo ngasinye sibalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi nokusebenza kahle komphumela wokugcina.

Isinyathelo sokuqala senqubo yokukhiqiza isikulufu ukuklama. Lokhu kuhilela ukunquma ukucaciswa nezici zesikulufu, njengobubanzi, ubude, uhlobo lwekhanda, nokuma kwentambo. Idizayini kufanele inembe futhi inemininingwane eminingi, kucatshangelwa ukusetshenziswa kokugcina kwesikulufu namazinga womkhakha. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuklama okungalungile kungabangela izikulufu ezingahlangabezani nezidingo zamandla nokuqina, okungase kuholele ekuhlulekeni. kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezisetshenziswa kuzo.

Uma umklamo usulungile, udlulela esigabeni sokukhiqiza. Isinyathelo sokuqala ekukhiqizweni kwezikulufu wukwakhiwa kwe-prototype. Lokhu kuhilela ukukhiqiza inani elincane lezikulufu kulandela ukucaciswa komklamo. Ama-prototypes ahlolwa kabanzi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ahlangabezana namazinga ekhwalithi amisiwe. Kubalulekile ukwenza izivivinyo zamandla, i-torsion kanye nokukhathala ukuze uqinisekise ikhwalithi yezikulufu, ikakhulukazi lezo ezizosetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezidingeka kakhulu. Lapho ama-prototypes esephumelele izivivinyo, ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi kuyaqhubeka, kusetshenziswa imishini ekhethekile nezinto ezisezingeni eliphakeme.

5. Ukubunjwa kwempahla: ukubumba nokukhishwa ekwakhiweni kwezikulufu

Ukwakheka kwezinto kuyisigaba esibalulekile ekwenziweni kwezikulufu, ngoba sinquma kokubili ukumelana nokuqina komkhiqizo wokugcina. Kulesi sigaba, sizogxila ezinqubweni ezimbili ezijwayelekile zokwakha ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izikulufu: ukufoja nokukhipha.

I-Forging yinqubo lapho okusansimbi konakala khona ngokusebenzisa amandla ngokushaya ngesando noma ngokucindezela. Le ndlela isivumela ukuthi sithole izikulufo ezinamandla ezinezakhiwo ezisezingeni eliphakeme zemishini. I-Extrusion, ngakolunye uhlangothi, inqubo lapho impahla iphoqelelwa ngedayizi ukuyinikeza ukuma nobukhulu obuthile. Le nqubo Ilungele ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kwezikulufu ezinamajiyometri ayinkimbinkimbi.

Endabeni yokubumba, umshini wokunyathelisa noma isando usetshenziselwa ukusebenzisa amandla adingekayo futhi ulolonge into. Kubalulekile ukucabangela izinga lokushisa phakathi nale nqubo, ngoba impahla kufanele ishise ngokwanele ukuze kube lula ukuguquguquka, kodwa ngaphandle kokufinyelela iphuzu layo lokuncibilika. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ku-extrusion, impahla iyashiswa futhi yondliwe nge-die ukuze kutholwe umumo oyifunayo. Zombili izinqubo zidinga ukukhethwa ngokucophelela kwesisekelo esibalulekile kanye nokulawulwa okunembile kwezinga lokushisa nokucindezela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi nokunemba kwesikulufu sokugcina.

6. Ukucutshungulwa kwezikulufu: isinyathelo esibalulekile ekukhiqizeni kwazo

Ukwenziwa kwezikulufu kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekukhiqizeni kwazo. Le nqubo ihilela ukwakhiwa kwezikulufu ezivela ezindongeni zensimbi, ngokusebenzisa amasu omshini. Ngalawa masu, izingxenye ezingaphezu kwezinto ezibonakalayo ziyaqedwa, izintambo ziyakhiwa futhi izilinganiso eziqondile zinikezwa isikulufu.

Ukuze kwenziwe ukucutshungulwa kwezikulufu, ukusetshenziswa kwemishini ekhethekile kuyadingeka, njengemishini yokugaya neyokugaya. Le mishini ivumela ukusikeka okudingekayo kanye nokubunjwa ukuthi kwenziwe kumabha ensimbi, ngokuya ngemininingwane edingekayo kuhlobo ngalunye lwesikulufu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amathuluzi okusika afanelekile asetshenziswa, njengama-drill bits kanye nompompi, okuqinisekisa ukunemba ekwakhiweni kwezintambo.

Ukwenziwa kwezikulufu kuyinqubo edinga ikhono nolwazi ngasohlangothini lwabasebenzisi. Kubalulekile ukulandela izinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo lapho uphatha imishini futhi usebenzise amathuluzi afanele esigabeni ngasinye senqubo. Iphutha ekwenzeni imishini lingabangela ukukhiqizwa kwezikulufu ezingasebenzi kahle, ezingahlangabezani namazinga ekhwalithi adingekayo.

Kafushane, ukwenziwa kwezikulufu kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekukhiqizeni kwazo, njengoba kuqinisekisa ukudalwa kwezingxenye ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezinembayo. Ngokusebenzisa amasu okwenza imishini kanye nemishini ekhethekile, kungenzeka ukubumba imigoqo yensimbi, ukhiqize imicu edingekayo futhi uthole izikulufu ezinobukhulu obuqondile. Kubalulekile ukulandela izinyathelo zokuphepha nokusebenzisa amathuluzi afanele ukuqinisekisa impumelelo yale nqubo.

7. Izinhlobo nezici zezintambo ezisetshenziswa kuzikulufu

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezintambo ezisetshenziswa kuzikulufu, ngayinye enezici ezithile kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Ngezansi ezinye zezinhlobo zezintambo ezivame kakhulu nezici zazo:

1. Imicu yemethrikhi: Le micu isebenzisa imilimitha njengeyunithi yokulinganisa futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu embonini. Zinephrofayili engunxantathu evumela ukumelana okukhulu nokungezwani. Zilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukunemba okuphezulu namandla, njengezimboni zezimoto kanye ne-aerospace.

2. Izintambo zikaWhitworth: Lezi zintambo zisebenzisa intshi njengeyunithi yokulinganisa futhi zivame ukusetshenziswa e-United Kingdom nakwamanye amazwe akhuluma isiNgisi. Zinephrofayili ye-trapezoidal futhi kulula ukwenza kunezintambo ze-metric. Zivame ukusetshenziselwa izicelo lapho ukumelana nokugqwala kubalulekile, njengemboni yasolwandle.

8. Ukwelashwa okushisayo nokungaphezulu ekwakhiweni kwezikulufu

Ukwelashwa okushisayo nangaphezulu kudlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwezikulufu, njengoba lezi zinqubo zivumela izakhiwo zemishini kanye nokungagqwala kwempahla ukuba kuthuthukiswe.

Okokuqala, ukwelashwa kokushisa kuyenziwa, okuhlanganisa ukubeka izikulufo emazingeni okushisa aphezulu alandelwa ukupholisa okulawulwayo. Lokhu kuvumela i-microstructure yezinto ukuthi iguqulwe, ithole izici ezifiselekayo njengokuqina okukhulu nokumelana. Phakathi nale nqubo, kubalulekile ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi ulandela izikhathi ezinconyiwe zomkhiqizi namazinga okushisa ukuze uthole imiphumela engcono kakhulu.

Okulandelayo, ukwelashwa okungaphezulu kwenziwa. Le nqubo ihlanganisa ukusebenzisa okokuvikela, okufana ne-zinc noma i-nickel, ebusweni bezikulufu. Lezi zembatho zinikeza umgoqo womzimba ovikela izinto ekugqwaleni kanye namanye ama-agent angaphandle. Ukwengeza, ukwelashwa kwe-passivation nakho kungasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala. Kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo yomkhiqizi ukuze usebenzise kahle izigqoko futhi uqinisekise ukusebenza kwazo.

Sengiphetha, ukwelapha ukushisa nokushisa phezulu kuyizigaba ezibalulekile ekwenziweni kwezikulufu. Lezi zinqubo zisivumela ukuthi sithole izikulufu ezinezakhiwo ezithuthukisiwe zemishini kanye nokumelana okukhulu nokugqwala. Ngokulandela kahle izincomo zomkhiqizi mayelana namazinga okushisa, izikhathi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezingubo zokugqoka, ikhwalithi nokuqina kwezikulufu kungaqinisekiswa ezinhlelweni ezahlukene.

9. Ukuqinisekisa nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi yezikulufu ezikhiqiziwe

Ukuqinisekisa nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi yezikulufu ezikhiqiziwe kuyinqubo eyisisekelo yokuqinisekisa ukwethembeka nokuqina kwalezi zinto ezibalulekile embonini. Ngezansi kunezinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze wenze ukuqinisekiswa okuphumelelayo nokulawula ikhwalithi okuphelele kuzikulufu ezikhiqiziwe.

1. Ukuhlola okubonakalayo: Isinyathelo sokuqala ukwenza ukuhlola okubonakalayo kwezikulufu ukuze kutholwe okungaba khona ukonakala kwendawo njengokuklwebheka, izimpawu zokuguga noma okungahambi kahle ekubukekeni. Lokhu kuhlola kungaphinde kusize ngamathuluzi okukhulisa ukuze kutholwe amaphutha amancane angabonakali ngeso lenyama.

2. Isilinganiso sobukhulu: Ukunemba kobukhulu bezikulufu kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwazo okulungile ezinhlelweni ezithile. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukwenza izilinganiso ezinembile zama-diameter, ubude kanye nezintambo usebenzisa amathuluzi okulinganisa afanelekile njengama-calipers, ama-micrometer noma ama-thread gauges. Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukwenza amasampula angahleliwe ukuze uthole umphumela omele.

3. Izivivinyo zamandla: Amandla ezikulufu ayisici esibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwazo. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa kwamandla kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izikulufi zihlangabezana nezindinganiso ezidingekayo. Lokhu kuhlola kungase kuhlanganise ukuhlolwa okuqinile, ukuhlolwa kwe-torsion, nokuhlolwa kokukhathala, okuhlola ikhono lesikulufu lokumelana nemithwalo emile neguqukayo. Imiphumela yalezi zivivinyo kufanele iqhathaniswe namanani athile okumelana asungulwe kumazinga ekhwalithi asebenzayo.

Ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo kanye nokwenza ukuqinisekiswa okufanele nokulawula ikhwalithi, uqinisekisa ukuthi izikulufu ezikhiqiziwe zihlangabezana nokucaciswa okudingekayo futhi zifanele ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi le mikhuba kufanele yenziwe njalo futhi ngokuqinile ukuze kugcinwe ikhwalithi nokuphepha kwezikulufu ngaso sonke isikhathi.

10. Izicelo ezijwayelekile kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezikulufu ezimbonini ezahlukene

Izikulufu ziyizici ezibalulekile ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene ngenxa yekhono lazo lokujoyina nokubopha izingxenye ezahlukahlukene. Ukuguquguquka kwazo kanye namandla kuzenza zibe ukukhetha okudumile kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene. Okulandelayo, zizokwethulwa ezinye izibonelo ka:

1. Industria automotriz: Izikulufu zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenziweni nasekuhlanganiseni izimoto. Asetshenziselwa ukujoyina izingxenye zemishini, njengezinjini, ukuthunyelwa, kanye nezinhlelo zokumiswa. Zibuye zisetshenziswe ekuhlanganiseni imizimba kanye ne-chassis. Kulo mkhakha, izikulufo eziqinile neziqinile ziyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwemoto.

2. Imboni yezokwakha: Izikulufu zibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo, njengoba zisetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa imishayo, amakholomu nezinye izakhi zesakhiwo. Zibuye zisetshenziswe ekufakweni kwamapayipi, ugesi kanye nezinhlelo ze-HVAC. Izikulufu ezisetshenziswa ekwakheni kumele zihlangabezane namazinga aphezulu wamandla nokuqina ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza nokuphepha kwezakhiwo.

3. Imboni kagesi: Embonini ye-electronics, izikulufu zisetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa izingxenye zemishini kagesi, njengamakhompiyutha, omakhalekhukhwini kanye nempahla yasendlini. Lezi zikulufi zivame ukuba zincane ngosayizi futhi zidinga amathuluzi akhethekile, njengezikulufu ezinembayo. Ukwengeza, ukukhetha uhlobo olufanele lwesikulufu kubalulekile ukugwema ukulimaza izingxenye ezibucayi ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa.

11. Izinqubo ezintsha zobuchwepheshe ekukhiqizeni izikulufu

Ukusungulwa kwezobuchwepheshe kuguqule ukukhiqizwa kwezikulufu, okuvumela inqubo yokukhiqiza ukuthi yenziwe lula futhi ithuthukiswe. Enye yezinto ezintsha eziqanjiwe ukusetshenziswa kwemishini ezishintshayo ethathe indawo yemisebenzi yezandla. Le mishini inezinhlelo ezinembayo eziphezulu eziqinisekisa ikhwalithi nokuvumelana kwezikulufu ezikhiqiziwe.

Okunye okusha okuphawulekayo ukuqaliswa kokulawula nokuqapha ubuchwepheshe ngesikhathi sangempela. Lokhu kuvumela ukugadwa okuningiliziwe kwesigaba ngasinye senqubo yokukhiqiza, kusukela ekukhethweni nasekulungiseni izinto zokwakha kuya ekuhlolweni kokugcina komkhiqizo osuphelile. Ngenxa yalokhu kuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe, ukwehluleka okungenzeka noma ukuchezuka kungatholwa ngokushesha futhi kwenziwe izilungiso ezidingekayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusungulwa komklamo nezinto ezisetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwezikulufu kusivumele ukuthi sithole imikhiqizo ehlala isikhathi eside futhi eqinile. Kwakhiwe ama-alloys ensimbi amasha anikeza ukumelana okukhulu nokugqwala kanye nezimo zokushisa ezidlulele. Ngokufanayo, i-geometry yezikulufu ithuthukisiwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwazo futhi kube lula ukufakwa.

Lokhu kube nomthelela omkhulu embonini, okwenze ukuthi ukukhiqiza, ikhwalithi nokusebenza kahle kwezinqubo kwenziwe ngcono. Ngenxa yabo, ungathola izikulufo ezinokwethenjelwa neziqinile, ezisetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni nezasekhaya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinto eziqanjiwe ziyaqhubeka nokuvela, ziqhutshwa ukufuna njalo ukwenza ngcono ukwenziwa kwalezi zinto ezibalulekile ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke.

12. Indima ye-automation ekukhiqizeni isikulufu

I-automation iguqule ukukhiqizwa kwezikulufu, okuvumela ukusebenza kahle kanye nekhwalithi yenqubo ukuthi ikhule. Ngokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe, izinkampani zingakwazi ukwenza lula ukukhiqizwa kwezikulufu futhi zinciphise izikhathi zokukhiqiza.

Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zokuzenzakalela ekukhiqizeni isikulufu ukuncishiswa kwamaphutha abantu. Amasistimu azenzakalelayo ayakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ngokunembile nangokungaguquguquki, enciphisa amathuba okuba namaphutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-automation ivumela imingcele yokukhiqiza ukuthi ilawulwe ngokuphumelelayo, njengejubane lomugqa wokuhlanganisa noma inani lezinto zokusetshenziswa ezisetshenzisiwe.

Kunamathuluzi ahlukene nobuchwepheshe obutholakalayo bokusebenzisa i-automation ekukhiqizeni isikulufu. Ezinye zazo zihlanganisa amarobhothi ezimboni, izinhlelo zombono wemishini, nemishini ye-CNC. Lobu buchwepheshe buvumela imisebenzi efana nokuhlanganisa izingxenye ze-screw, ukulawula ikhwalithi, ukupakishwa nokulebula kwemikhiqizo eqediwe. Ukuhlela le mishini kudinga ulwazi lobuchwepheshe olukhethekile, kodwa uma sekuqaliwe, ihlinzeka ngesixazululo esisebenzayo nesingabizi kakhulu sokukhiqiza izikulufu.

13. Ukucatshangelwa kwemvelo kanye nokusimama ekwakhiweni kwezikulufu

Ukukhiqiza izikulufu akubandakanyi nje kuphela ukukhiqizwa kwalezi zingxenye ezibalulekile, kodwa kufanele futhi kubhekwe ukucatshangelwa kwemvelo kanye nokusimama. Lezi zici zibaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yokwanda kokuqwashisa ngokunakekelwa kwezempilo. indawo ezungezile kanye nesidingo sokukhuthaza izinqubo zezimboni ezinomthwalo wemfanelo. Ngezansi ezinye izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzikhumbule ngesikhathi sokwenza isikulufu:

• Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezigaywa kabusha: Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izinto ezingase zigaywe kabusha futhi ezihambisana nemvelo. imvelo ekwakhiweni kwezikulufo. Bheka izinketho ezifana nensimbi egaywe kabusha noma ama-alloys anciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yemvelo futhi anciphise ukukhiqizwa kwemfucuza.
• Ukwehliswa kwe-Carbon footprint: Ukuqalisa izinyathelo zokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza kubalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukusimama. Lokhu kubandakanya ukwenza ngcono izinqubo zokukhiqiza, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokufuna ezinye izindlela kunemithombo yamandla engavuseleleki.
• Ukuphathwa kahle kukadoti: Ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokulawulwa kwemfucuza kubalulekile ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela kwezemvelo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlukaniswa kanye nokugaywa kabusha kwemfucuza ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokwenziwa kwezikulufu, kanye nokulahlwa okufanele kwalezo ezingakwazi ukugaywa kabusha.

Njengoba isidingo sezikulufu sikhula, kubalulekile ukuthi izinkampani ezikulo mkhakha zizibophezele ezenzweni ezisimeme nezibhekele imvelo. Ukufaka ukucatshangelwa kwemvelo ekukhiqizeni izikulufu ngeke nje kube nomthelela ekuvikelweni kwemvelo, kodwa kuzothuthukisa isithombe nesikhundla senkampani. emakethe. Ngokwamukela le mikhuba, ngeke sibe izikulufo zokukhiqiza kuphela, kodwa futhi sakhe ikusasa elizinzile.

14. Ikusasa lokukhiqiza isikulufu: izitayela namathemba

Njengazo zonke izimboni, ukukhiqizwa kwezikulufu kuhlangabezana nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe eshintsha indlela le ngxenye ebalulekile ekhiqizwa ngayo ekwakheni nasekukhiqizeni. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukwanda kwezinqubo zokukhiqiza izikulufa ezizenzakalelayo kuye kwabonwa futhi lo mkhuba kulindeleke ukuthi uqhubeke esikhathini esizayo. Ukuqaliswa kwamarobhothi nezinhlelo ukuhlakanipha okungekhona okwangempela emigqeni yokukhiqiza kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle nokunemba ekwakhiweni kwezikulufu, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe izindleko nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.

Omunye umkhuba obalulekile esikhathini esizayo sokukhiqiza isikulufu ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziphambili nezinamandla. Ukuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bezinto ezisetshenziswayo kunikeza amandla ukudalwa kwezikulufu ezinezakhiwo ezithuthukisiwe, ezifana nokumelana nokugqwala okukhulu kanye nomthamo omkhulu wokulayisha. Ukwengeza, ama-coatings amasha kanye nokwelapha okungaphezulu kuyathuthukiswa okuthuthukisa izakhiwo zezikulufu, okuzenza zifaneleke kakhulu izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile.

Ukwenza ngendlela oyifisayo nokuguquguquka nakho kuzoba yizici ezibalulekile esikhathini esizayo sokukhiqiza isikulufu. Ngokukhula kwesidingo semikhiqizo eyenziwe ngokwezifiso kanye nesidingo sokuzivumelanisa ngokushesha nezinguquko zemakethe, abakhiqizi bezikulufa bafuna izindlela zokunikeza izixazululo ezivumelana nezimo kakhulu amakhasimende abo. Lokhu kuhilela ikhono lokukhiqiza izikulufu ezinosayizi abahlukene kanye nokwakheka kuye ngezidingo zamakhasimende, kanye nokwenza izinguquko ezisheshayo ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza ukuze zivumelane nezinguquko ezifunwayo. Kafushane, ikusasa lokukhiqiza isikulufu lizobonakala ngokuzenzakalelayo, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezithuthukisiwe kanye nekhono lokwenza ngokwezifiso ngokushesha futhi livumelane nezinguquko zemakethe.

Kafushane, inqubo yokukhiqiza isikulufu ikhethekile kakhulu futhi idinga ukunemba kwemishini nolwazi lobuchwepheshe oluthuthukisiwe. Kusukela ekukhethweni kwempahla kuya ekugcineni, isigaba ngasinye senziwa ngokucophelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi nokusebenza kahle komkhiqizo wokugcina.

Ukukhiqizwa kwezikulufu kuqala ngedizayini nobunjiniyela bemodeli, lapho ukucaciswa kobuchwepheshe nobukhulu kumiswa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zekhasimende. Khona-ke, izinto ezifanele zikhethwa ngokuvumelana nezidingo zamandla nokuqina.

Inqubo yokwenza imishini ibalulekile ekwenziweni kwezikulufu. Ngemishini ezenzakalelayo nelawulwa ngekhompuyutha, izimo ezinembile kanye nokusikeka kwenziwa ngempahla eluhlaza. Intambo yenziwa ngenqubo yokugoqa eshisayo noma ebandayo, kuye ngohlobo lwesikulufu esidingekayo.

Ngemuva kwesigaba sokwenza, izikulufu zidlula inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa ukuze kwandiswe amandla nokuqina kwazo. Lokhu kwelashwa kuhilela ukushisisa okulawulwayo nokupholisa ukuze kuzuzwe ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana okuhle kakhulu.

Izikulufu zibe sezingena inqubo yesibili yokukhiqiza, engase ihlanganise ukumbozwa kwendawo ukuze kuvikelwe ekugqwaleni, ukusetshenziswa kwezithambisi ukuze kube lula ukufakwa, nokugreda ngokuya ngosayizi nezici ezithile.

Okokugcina, izikulufu zihlolwa ngokucophelela ukuze kutholwe noma yikuphi ukonakala noma ukungahambisani kwekhwalithi yazo. Ukuhlolwa kwamandla nobukhulu kuyenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwethembeka nokusebenza okufanele. Kuphela ngemva kokuphumelela lezi zivivinyo eziqinile lapho izikulufi zipakishwa futhi zilungele ukusatshalaliswa ezimbonini nakubathengi.

Sengiphetha, inqubo yokukhiqiza isikulufu iyinhlanganisela yokunemba, ulwazi lobuchwepheshe kanye nemishini ethuthukisiwe. Sonke isinyathelo, kusukela ekuklanyweni kuya ekupakishweni kokugcina, silawulwa futhi siqashwe ngokucophelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi nokuthembeka kwalezi zingxenye ezibalulekile embonini.