Ungahlukanisa kanjani usawoti nesihlabathi?

Inqubo yokuhlukanisa usawoti nesihlabathi kuwumsebenzi ovamile emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhemistri, i-geology, noma ubunjiniyela, ukuqonda izindlela ezifanele zokuhlukanisa kahle lezi zingxenye ezimbili kubaluleke kakhulu. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola amasu ahlukahlukene kanye nezinqubo ezisetshenziselwa ukufeza ukuhlukaniswa okuphumelelayo kosawoti nesihlabathi, kucatshangelwa izici ezingokomzimba namakhemikhali zazo zombili izinto ezihilelekile. Qhubeka ufunda ukuze uthole ulwazi oludingekayo futhi ulusebenzise ngempumelelo ekuhlolweni kwesikhathi esizayo noma kumaphrojekthi wezobuchwepheshe. [END

1. Isingeniso sokuhlukaniswa kukasawoti nesihlabathi

Ukuhlukaniswa kukasawoti nesihlabathi Kuyinqubo evamile ezindaweni eziningi, ukusuka ekhaya kuye embonini. Ngezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka ukwenza lokhu kuhlukaniswa ukuze uthole umkhiqizo ohlanzekile noma ukuqeda ukungcola. Kulesi sihloko, sizonikeza umhlahlandlela onemininingwane yokuthi ungakwenza kanjani lokhu kuhlukaniswa ngempumelelo futhi kuyasebenza.

Kunamasu amaningana okuhlukanisa usawoti nesihlabathi, kodwa enye evame kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kokuhlunga. Ukuze uqale, uzodinga ingxube kasawoti nesihlabathi ofuna ukuhlukanisa. Bese, landela lezi zinyathelo:

• 1. Lungiselela ifaneli kanye nephepha lokuhlunga.
• 2. Faka ifaneli esitsheni esingenalutho bese ubeka iphepha lokuhlunga ngaphakathi kwefaneli.
• 3. Thela ingxube kasawoti nesihlabathi ephepheni lokuhlunga.
• 4. Lindela ingxube ukuthi ihlunge kancane kancane ephepheni, ishiye isihlabathi esisefweni kanye nosawoti esitsheni.
• 5. Qoqa usawoti esitsheni ozowusebenzisa njengoba kudingeka.

Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi lena yindlela eyodwa kuphela yokuhlukanisa usawoti nesihlabathi nokuthi akhona amanye amasu atholakalayo. Nokho, ukuhlunga kungenye yezinto ezilula futhi ezonga kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngenani elincane lengxube. Khumbula ukulandela yonke imiyalelo yokuphepha efanele lapho wenza le nqubo futhi ulungise amasu ngokwezidingo zakho ezithile.

2. Izakhiwo zikasawoti nesihlabathi kanye nomthelela wazo ekuhlukaniseni

Usawoti nesihlabathi yizinto ezimbili ezihlukene ezinezakhiwo nezici ezihlukene ezivame ukusetshenziswa ezinqubweni zokuhlukanisa. Usawoti, owaziwa nangokuthi i-sodium chloride (NaCl), uyinto encibilika emanzini futhi inamandla okushintsha amaphuzu okuqandisa nokubilisa oketshezi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isihlabathi siwumthombo oqinile owakhiwa izinhlayiya zamadwala ezingancibiliki emanzini.

Umthelela walezi zakhiwo ekuhlukaniseni usekukwazini kukasawoti ukuncibilika emanzini nokushintsha izakhiwo zayo ngokomzimba. Ngokwesibonelo, ukufaka usawoti emanzini kwehlisa izinga lawo lokubanda, okwenza amanzi ahlale ewuketshezi emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Lokhu kuyasiza ekuhlukaniseni izingxube, njengoba kuvumela amanzi ukuba abe yiqhwa futhi ahlukane nezinye izinto ezikhona kule ngxube.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isihlabathi asincibiliki emanzini, okwenza kube usizo ekuhlukaniseni izingxube. Isihlabathi singasetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokuhlunga njengoba ikwazi ukugcina izinhlayiya ezinkulu eziqinile kuyilapho ivumela uketshezi ukuba ludlule. Lesi sakhiwo sisetshenziswa ezinqubweni zokuhlunga ukuhlukanisa izinhlayiya eziqinile kuketshezi noma amagesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isihlabathi singasetshenziswa futhi njengento yokumuncwa ukuze kuhlukaniswe izinto eziwuketshezi zokuminyana okuhlukene.

3. Izindlela zokuhlukaniswa ngokomzimba kukasawoti nesihlabathi

Kunezindlela eziningana ezivumela ukuhlukaniswa ngokomzimba kukasawoti nesihlabathi kusuka indlela ephumelelayo. Ngezansi kunezindlela ezintathu ezivame kakhulu:

1. Ukuhluza: Le ndlela ihlanganisa ukusebenzisa isisefo noma i-fine mesh ukuze kuhlukaniswe izinhlayiya zesihlabathi ezinhlayiyeni zikasawoti. Ingxube ithululelwa phezu kwesisefo futhi inyakaziswe kahle ukuze izinhlayiya ezincane zesihlabathi zidlule emigodini yesisefo, kuyilapho izinhlayiya ezinkulu zikasawoti zihlala phezulu. Kunconywa ukwenza lo msebenzi esitsheni esikhulu ngokwanele ukugwema ukuchitheka.

2. Ukuhlukaniswa: Le ndlela isekelwe kumehluko wokuminyana phakathi kukasawoti nesihlabathi. Kufanele uhlanganise usawoti nesihlabathi namanzi esitsheni bese uyeke ingxube ihlale isikhashana. Ngenxa yokuthi usawoti uminyene kunesihlabathi, uyohlala phansi esitsheni, kuyilapho isihlabathi sintanta phezu kwamanzi. Kamuva, isihlabathi singasuswa nge-spoon noma i-strainer, ukugwema ukugqugquzela ingxube ukuze ugweme ukuhlanganisa kabusha izingxenye.

3. Ukuhwamuka: Le ndlela isebenzisa indawo kasawoti ukuncibilika emanzini. Okokuqala kufanele uhlakaze ingxube kasawoti nesihlabathi emanzini afudumele, uvuselele ngokucophelela ukuze usawoti uhlangane ngokuphelele namanzi. Isixazululo sibe sesifakwa esitsheni esingashoni bese sichayeka elangeni noma sishiswe ngokushisa okuphansi. Njengoba amanzi ehwamuka, usawoti uyacwebezela futhi ungaqoqwa kalula usebenzisa i-spatula.

4. Inqubo yokuhlola: indlela ephumelelayo yokuhlukanisa usawoti nesihlabathi

Inqubo yokuhlola iyindlela ephumelelayo yokuhlukanisa usawoti nesihlabathi ngendlela efanele. Manje bayethula izinyathelo okufanele zilandelwe Ukwenza le nqubo ngendlela efanele:

1. Ukulungiswa kwezinto: kufanele ube nalezi zakhi ezilandelayo: ithreyi enkulu noma isitsha, i-mesh noma isisefo esinezimbobo ezinobukhulu obufanele, amanzi kanye ne-spatula yokuxuba.

2. Ukubeka ingxube ethreyini: Thela ingxube kasawoti nesihlabathi ethreyini, uqiniseke ukuthi ihlukaniswe ngokulinganayo.

3. Inqubo yokusefa: Bamba inetha noma hlunga phezu kwethreyi bese uthela amanzi phezu kwengxube. Ngosizo lwe-spatula, gubungula ingxube bese ucindezela ngokumelene ne-mesh ukuze amanzi adonse usawoti kanye nesihlabathi sidlule emigodini.

Uma le nqubo yokuhlola isiqediwe, uzobe ukwazile ukuhlukanisa usawoti esihlabathini ngendlela efanele futhi ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Khumbula ukuthi le ndlela ingasetshenziswa ezimweni ezehlukene, njengasembonini yokudla noma emisebenzini yokuhlola. Zama le nqubo futhi uthole imiphumela enembile nethembekile!

5. I-Decantation njengendlela yokuhlukanisa ekuhlukaniseni usawoti nesihlabathi

I-Decantation iyindlela yokuhlukanisa evame ukusetshenziswa ezinqubweni zaselabhorethri nasembonini ukuze kuhlukaniswe izingxube ezihlukene, njengokuhlukaniswa kukasawoti nesihlabathi. Kule nqubo, umehluko kubuningi bezinto usetshenziselwa ukuvumela ukuhlukana kwabo. Ngezansi izinyathelo okufanele uzilandele ukuze wenze i-decantation ephumelelayo:

1. Ukulungiselela isampula: Okokuqala, ingxube kasawoti nesihlabathi kufanele inyakanyiswe ngenduku ukuze i-homogenize. Ingxube ibe isithelwa esitsheni esicacile, okungcono ibhekha, ukuyivumela ukuthi ihlale imizuzu embalwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto ziyahlukana.

2. Ukubuka nokuhlanza: Ngemva kwesikhathi sokuphumula, ungabona ukuthi isihlabathi sihlala phansi esitsheni, kuyilapho usawoti usala ulenga emanzini. Ngokucophelela futhi usebenzisa i-pipette noma i-jug, uketshezi lukhishwa, lugweme ukudlula kwesihlabathi. Kubalulekile ukuthi unganyakazi phansi kwesitsha ukuze ungaphinde uhlanganise izinto.

3. Ukubuyiswa kukasawoti: Uma amanzi esehlukene nesihlabathi, kuyadingeka ukuthi usawoti ubuye. Ukwenza lokhu, inqubo eyengeziwe ebizwa ngokuthi i-evaporation ingasetshenziswa. Thela uketshezi olutholakala esitsheni esiyisicaba futhi usivumele ukuba sihwamuke endaweni yokushisa yegumbi noma, uma ufuna ukusheshisa inqubo, ungasebenzisa umthombo wokushisa opholile. Ngokuhwamuka, amanzi azohwamuka futhi usawoti ocwebezelayo uzoshiywa ulungele ukuqoqwa.

Sengiphetha, ukukhipha kuyindlela elula nephumelelayo yokuhlukanisa izingxube ezihlukene njengosawoti nesihlabathi. Ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo, kungenzeka ukuthola ukuhlukaniswa okunembile futhi uthole usawoti ngendlela ehlanzekile. Kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo futhi usebenzise izinto zokuzivikela ezifanele lapho wenza le nqubo elabhorethri noma endaweni yezimboni. Sebenzisa le ndlela futhi wenze lula izinqubo zakho zokuhlukanisa!

6. Ukuhlunga njengenqubo eyinhloko ekuhlukaniseni usawoti nesihlabathi

Ukuhlunga kuyinqubo eyinhloko ekuhlukaniseni usawoti nesihlabathi. Ngokusebenzisa inqubo yokuhlunga, kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa lezi zingxenye ezimbili ngenxa yezimpawu zazo ezihlukene zomzimba. Isihlabathi, esinezinhlayiya ezinkulu, sizovaleleka kusihlungi, kuyilapho usawoti, njengoba ungcono, uzodlula kuwo futhi uqoqwe ngokwehlukana.

Ukuze wenze le nqubo, uzodinga izinto zokwakha namathuluzi alandelayo:

• Isihlungi sephepha noma isihlungi semeshi esihle
• I-Funnel
• I-flask noma isitsha sokuqoqa
• Usawoti nesihlabathi ukuhlukanisa

Ngezansi kunenqubo Igxathu emvakwe gxathu ukwenza ukuhlukaniswa kukasawoti nesihlabathi ngokuhlunga:

1. Faka isihlungi sephepha noma i-mesh emihle kufaneli futhi uqiniseke ukuthi isendaweni ngokuphephile.
2. Beka ifaneli phezu kweflask noma isitsha sokuqoqa.
3. Thela ingxube kasawoti nesihlabathi kufaneli, uqiniseke ukuthi iflaski noma isitsha sokuqoqa sihlanzekile futhi silungele ukuthola usawoti ohlungiwe.
4. Vumela ingxube ihlunge kancane ngesihlungi sephepha noma ezinezikhala ezinhle. Izinhlayiya zesihlabathi zizogcinwa kusihlungi, kuyilapho usawoti uzodlula esihlungini futhi uqoqe ku-flask noma esitsheni.
5. Uma ukuhlunga sekuqediwe, isisefo esinesihlabathi esivaleleke singasuswa futhi silahlwe kahle.
6. I-flask yeqoqo noma isiqukathi sizoqukatha usawoti ohlungiwe, olungele ukusetshenziswa noma ukugcinwa.

Ukuhlunga kuyinqubo elula kodwa ephumelelayo yokuhlukanisa usawoti nesihlabathi. Ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo, ukuhlukaniswa okuphumelelayo kwazo zombili izingxenye kungatholakala. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izinto ezifanele kanye namathuluzi ukuqinisekisa ukuhlunga okusebenzayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunconywa ukugwema ukuchitha ingxube noma isisombululo esihlungiwe ngesikhathi senqubo ukugwema ukungcoliswa noma ukulahlekelwa izingxenye.

7. Ukusebenzisa ukuhwamuka ukuhlukanisa usawoti nesihlabathi

Ukuhwamuka kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokuhlukanisa usawoti nesihlabathi ngengxube. Ngezansi kunezinyathelo ezinemininingwane zokusebenzisa le nqubo yokuhlukanisa.

1. Ekuqaleni, ingxube kasawoti nesihlabathi kufanele ifakwe esitsheni seglasi. Qinisekisa ukuthi inani likasawoti nesihlabathi liyalingana ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle.

2. Okulandelayo, engeza amanzi ashisayo esitsheni kuze kube yilapho ingxube icwiliswa ngokuphelele. Xuba kahle ukuncibilikisa usawoti emanzini.

3. Okulandelayo, vala isitsha ngesivalo noma ucezu lwepulasitiki, ushiye isikhala esincane esivumela ukuhwamuka. Beka isitsha endaweni enelanga bese ulinda ngesineke ukuthi amanzi ahwamuke.

8. Uzibuthe njengendlela yenoveli ekuhlukaniseni usawoti nesihlabathi

Ukuhlukaniswa kukasawoti nesihlabathi kuyinqubo evamile emikhakheni eminingi yezimboni, futhi kuhlongozwa amasu ahlukahlukene ukuze kuzuzwe ukuhlukaniswa okuphumelelayo. Kodwa-ke, muva nje ukusetshenziswa kwe-magnetization sekuye kwaduma njengenoveli futhi indlela ephumelelayo kule nqubo. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kazibuthe kuvumela ukuhlukaniswa okukhethiwe kukasawoti nesihlabathi, kusizakala izici zabo kazibuthe.

I-Magnetization yenziwa kusetshenziswa izibuthe noma izinto ezikhethekile ezikhiqiza amandla kazibuthe aqinile. Isinyathelo sokuqala sihlanganisa ukuxuba usawoti nesihlabathi, okuqinisekisa ukusabalalisa okulinganayo kwakho kokubili. Uma lokhu sekufeziwe, insimu kazibuthe isetshenziswa kule ngxube. Izinhlayiya zikasawoti, ezinezimo kazibuthe, zizokhangwa kumagnet noma imishini yamagnetic, kuyilapho izinhlayiya zesihlabathi zizohlala zikhona.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi le ndlela iphumelela kuphela ekuhlukaniseni usawoti nesihlabathi lapho usawoti ukhona ngobuningi obukhulu futhi uma kuthiwa usawoti unezimfanelo kazibuthe. Ezimweni lapho usawoti ungenayo i-magnetism noma usezingeni eliphansi, kunconywa ukusebenzisa ezinye izindlela zokuhlukanisa, ezifana nokuhlunga noma ukuhwamuka. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni lapho izimo ezifanele zihlangatshezwana nazo, i-magnetization yethulwa njengenye indlela ephumelelayo nenoveli ekuhlukaniseni usawoti nesihlabathi.

9. Ukuqhathanisa izindlela ezahlukene zokuhlukanisa usawoti nesihlabathi

10. Izinto okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho kukhethwa indlela efanele yokuhlukanisa

Ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwezinto ofisa ukuzihlukanisa. Imvelo ye-physicochemical yezinto idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhetheni indlela, njengoba ezinye izindlela zingase zisebenze kakhulu kumakhompiyutha athile kunezinye. Ngezansi kunezici ezintathu ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha indlela yokuhlukanisa efanele:

1. Ukunyibilika: Ukunyibilika kwezinto kuzincibilikisi ezihlukene kungaba nesinqumo ekukhetheni indlela yokuhlukanisa efaneleke kakhulu. Uma izinto zincibilika kusincibilikisi esifanayo, indlela yokukhipha uketshezi oluwuketshezi ingasetshenziswa, njengokuhluza, ukukhishwa kwe-solvent noma ikholomu chromatography. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma izinto zingancibiliki komunye nomunye, izindlela ezingokomzimba ezifana nokuhlunga noma ukuqaqa zingasetshenziswa.

2. Iphuzu elibilayo: Iphuzu elibilayo lezinto nalo lidlala indima ebalulekile ekukhetheni indlela yokuhlukanisa. Uma izinto zinamaphuzu abilayo asondelene kakhulu, i-fractional distillation ingasetshenziswa ukuwahlukanisa. Le ndlela isekelwe kumehluko wokuguquguquka kwezinto ukuze zihlukanise ngokusekelwe kumaphuzu azo abilayo. Ukuhwamuka kungase futhi kube inketho uma izinto ziguquguquka futhi okuqinile okuncibilikisiwe kuzobuyiswa.

3. Usayizi wezinhlayiya: Uma kuyingxube eqinile, usayizi wezinhlayiyana zezinto ungaba yisici okufanele sicatshangelwe. Uma izinhlayiya zinobukhulu obufanayo, indlela yokuhlunga ingasetshenziswa, lapho ingxube idluliselwa ochungechungeni lwezihluthulelo zamasayizi ahlukene we-pore ukuze kuhlukaniswe izinhlayiya ngokusho kobukhulu bazo. Uma kuyizinhlayiya ezinosayizi abahlukene kodwa ukuminyana okufanayo, izindlela zokuhlukanisa ukuminyana zingasetshenziswa, njenge-centrifugation.

Kafushane, lapho ukhetha indlela yokuhlukanisa efanele, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuncibilika kwezinto, indawo yokubilisa kanye nobukhulu bezinhlayiya zazo. Lezi zici zizosiza ekunqumeni ukuthi iyiphi inqubo ezosebenza kakhulu ekuzuzeni ukuhlukana okufunayo. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi amasu ahlukene angahlanganiswa ukuze kutholakale ukuhlukaniswa okunembe kakhudlwana nokusebenza kahle.

11. Izinzuzo kanye nemikhawulo yendlela ngayinye yokuhlukanisa usawoti nesihlabathi

Ekuhlukaniseni usawoti nesihlabathi, kunezindlela eziningana ezitholakalayo, ngayinye enezinzuzo zayo kanye nokulinganiselwa kwayo. Ngezansi kunezindlela ezintathu ezijwayelekile ezisetshenziswa kulo msebenzi:

1. Indlela yokuhlunga: Le ndlela ihilela ukuthela ingxube kasawoti nesihlabathi kufaneli ehlanganiswe nephepha lokuhlunga. Isihlabathi sizovaleleka ephepheni kuyilapho usawoti uzodlula ezimbotsheni zokuhlunga bese uqoqa esitsheni esingezansi. Enye yezinzuzo zale ndlela ukuthi iyashesha futhi kulula ukuyenza. Kodwa-ke, umkhawulo wayo oyinhloko ukuthi usebenza kuphela uma umehluko wesayizi phakathi kukasawoti nesihlabathi ubalulekile.
2. Indlela yokuhwamuka: Le ndlela isekelwe emehlukweni wokuncibilika nokuhwamuka kukasawoti nesihlabathi. Qala ngokuthela ingxube emanzini ashisayo futhi ugqugquzele kuze kube usawoti uhlakazeka ngokuphelele. Amanzi abe esevunyelwa ukuba ahwamuke ngokuphelele, ashiye usawoti ocwebezelayo esitsheni. Inzuzo eyinhloko yale ndlela ukuthi isebenza ngisho nalapho umehluko wesayizi phakathi kukasawoti nesihlabathi uncane. Nokho, kungathatha isikhathi eside ngenxa yenqubo yokuhwamuka.
3. Indlela yokwenza uzibuthe: Le ndlela isebenzisa amandla kazibuthe esihlabathi. Okokuqala, hlukanisa usawoti nesihlabathi kuhlanganiswe esitsheni esiyisicaba. Khona-ke, ubeka uzibuthe eduze kwengxube futhi ubuke njengoba isihlabathi sinamathela kuzibuthe, kuyilapho usawoti usala esitsheni. Le ndlela iyashesha futhi isebenza kahle, ikakhulukazi lapho ukutholakala kwezinto ezinozibuthe esihlabathini kuphezulu. Nokho, ayisebenzi kahle uma isihlabathi singenazo izinhlayiya ezinozibuthe ezanele.

Indlela yokuhlukanisa ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo kanye nemikhawulo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukukhetha efaneleka kakhulu esimweni ngasinye. Ukukhetha kuncike ezintweni ezinjengomehluko kasayizi phakathi kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo, isikhathi esitholakalayo, kanye nezinsiza ezikhona. Ngalezi zindlela, kungenzeka ukuthola ukuhlukaniswa okuphumelelayo kosawoti nesihlabathi ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukahlukene.

12. Izicelo zezimboni zokuhlukaniswa kukasawoti nesihlabathi

Ukuhlukaniswa kukasawoti nesihlabathi kuyinqubo evame ukusetshenziswa ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene. Le nqubo ibalulekile ukuze uthole usawoti omsulwa, ongenakho ukungcola kanye nokuthola isihlabathi esingasetshenziswa kabusha ezinqubweni ezahlukene.

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi kunezindlela ezahlukene zokwenza ukuhlukaniswa kukasawoti nesihlabathi. Enye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu i-decantation, lapho ingxube kasawoti nesihlabathi ivunyelwe ukuhlala emanzini. Usawoti uzoncibilika emanzini, kuyilapho isihlabathi sihlala phansi esitsheni. Amanzi angabe esehluzwa ukuze kutholwe ingxube ye-saline ehlanzekile futhi isihlabathi esihlukanisiwe some endaweni evulekile noma ngenqubo yokomisa yezimboni.

Enye indlela esetshenzisiwe i-centrifugation, lapho i-centrifuge isetshenziselwa ukusheshisa inqubo yokuhlukanisa. Ngokusebenzisa amandla e-centrifugal, isihlabathi sihlukaniswa nosawoti futhi sifakwe endaweni ehlukile. Le ndlela isebenza kahle kakhulu ezimweni lapho ukuhlukana okusheshayo nokunembile kuyadingeka.

13. Ukucatshangelwa kwemvelo ohlelweni lokuhlukanisa usawoti nesihlabathi

Inqubo yokuhlukanisa usawoti nesihlabathi kuwumsebenzi ovamile owenziwa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ekhaya kuya embonini. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukucatshangelwa kwemvelo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi le nqubo iqhutshwa ngendlela eqhubekayo futhi enobungani bemvelo. indawo ezungezile.

1. Sebenzisa izitsha ezifanele: Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izitsha ezifanele ukuhlukanisa usawoti nesihlabathi. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa izitsha zengilazi noma zepulasitiki, ugweme ukusetshenziswa kweziqukathi zensimbi ezingagqwala futhi zikhiqize imfucuza engcolisayo.

2. Qoqa futhi uphinde usebenzise amanzi asetshenzisiwe: Phakathi nenqubo yokuhlukanisa, kuvamile ukusebenzisa amanzi ukugeza isihlabathi nokusihlukanisa nosawoti. Kubalulekile ukuqoqa amanzi asetshenzisiwe futhi uwaphathe ngendlela efanele ukuze ugweme ukungcoliswa kwamanzi aseduze. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanzi angasetshenziswa kabusha kweminye imisebenzi, njengokunisela izitshalo noma ukuhlanza.

3. Ukuphathwa kwemfucuza ngendlela efanele: Uma usawoti nesihlabathi sehlukene, kubalulekile ukuphatha kahle imfucuza ewumphumela. Usawoti nesihlabathi kungasetshenziswa kabusha ezinqubweni ezihlukahlukene, njengokwenza amakhemikhali noma ukwakha. Kodwa-ke, uma imfucuza ingeke iphinde isetshenziswe, kubalulekile ukuyilahla ezitsheni ezifanele bese uyithumela ezikhungweni ezigunyaziwe zokugaywa kabusha noma zokulahla.

Ngokulandela lokhu kucatshangelwa kwemvelo, singaqinisekisa ukuthi inqubo yokuhlukanisa usawoti nesihlabathi yenziwa ngokuzibophezela futhi ngaphandle kokudala imithelela emibi imvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukukhuthaza imfundo nokuqwashisa ngemvelo, ukuze lo mkhuba usabalale emhlabeni wonke futhi ube negalelo ekulondolozweni kwemithombo yethu yemvelo.

14. Iziphetho nezincomo zokuhlukaniswa okuphumelelayo kosawoti nesihlabathi

Ekuphetheni, ukufeza ukuhlukaniswa okuphumelelayo kukasawoti nesihlabathi, kuyadingeka ukulandela inqubo ecophelelayo eqinisekisa imiphumela enembile. Ngezansi ezinye izincomo ezisekelwe kumasu namathuluzi afakazelwe:

1. Ukulungiselela okufanele: Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale, qiniseka ukuthi unazo zonke izinto ezidingekayo, njengethreyi yesihlukanisi, umthombo wamanzi, ifosholo nesikali esinembayo. Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa indawo yokusebenza ehlanzekile futhi ehlelekile ukuze ugweme ukungcola.

2. Ingxube ye-homogeneous: Ukuze uthole ukuhlukana okungcono, kubalulekile ukuxuba usawoti nesihlabathi ngokulinganayo. Lokhu Kungafinyelelwa ngokusebenzisa induku enyakazayo noma ngokumane ugovuze ingxube ngobumnene futhi kancane. Qinisekisa ukuthi ingxube ifana nokufana ngaphambi kokuqhubeka.

3. Ukuhlunga kanye nokuhwamuka: Uma ingxube isilungile, qhubeka uyithululele ethreyini bese wengeza amanzi anele ukucwilisa izingxenye. Bese, sebenzisa okokuhlunga ukuze uhlukanise isihlabathi esimahhadla nesixazululo. Ungasebenzisa ukuhwamuka njengendlela eyengeziwe yokuhlukanisa usawoti emanzini, ukushisa isisombululo kuze kube yilapho amanzi ehwamuka ngokuphelele futhi kusale usawoti osele.

Sengiphetha, ukuhlukaniswa kukasawoti nesihlabathi kuyinqubo eyisisekelo ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, njengemboni yamakhemikhali, imboni yokudla noma ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi. Ngokusebenzisa amasu anjenge-decantation, filtration kanye nokuhwamuka, kungenzeka ukuthola ngempumelelo futhi icacisa lezi zingxenye ezimbili ngokwehlukana.

I-Decantation isivumela ukuthi sisebenzise umehluko wokuminyana phakathi kukasawoti nesihlabathi ukuze sikuhlukanise. Ngokuphumula amanzi ngenhlanganisela, usawoti uzohlala phansi kanye nesihlabathi esingaphezulu, kube lula ukukhishwa kwawo ngabanye.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhlunga kubonakala kuyindlela ephumelelayo ngokusebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezisefo noma izihlungi ukuze kugcinwe izinhlayiya zesihlabathi, okuvumela kuphela amanzi anosawoti oncibilikisiwe ukuba adlule. Le nqubo ivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezinkulu zokuhlanza amanzi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhwamuka kwethulwa njengendlela ekahle yokuthola usawoti kule ngxube. Lapho ushisa isixazululo samanzi nosawoti, amanzi azohwamuka, ashiye usawoti njengensalela. Le nqubo ibuye isetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni usawoti ezingeni lezimboni.

Kubalulekile ukugqamisa ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa kukasawoti nesihlabathi kudinga ulwazi kanye nokusetshenziswa okufanele kwalezi zindlela, kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha ezihambisanayo. Ukuphathwa ngendlela efanele kwemishini kanye nokulahlwa kwemfucuza ngendlela efanele kuyizici ezibalulekile okufanele zibhekwe.

Kafushane, inqubo yokuhlukanisa usawoti nesihlabathi iyinqubo ebalulekile emikhakheni eminingi yokusetshenziswa. Ukusetshenziswa kwamasu afana nokukhipha, ukuhlunga kanye nokuhwamuka kuqinisekisa imiphumela enembile nephumelelayo, okuvumela ukutholwa kwalezi zingxenye ezimbili ngazinye. Ulwazi lobuchwepheshe kanye nokusetshenziswa ngokuqinile kwamazinga okuphepha kubalulekile ukuze kwenziwe le nqubo ngendlela efanele.