Ziyini izingqikithi zeprosesa (i-CPU)?

Ayini ama-nuclei yeprosesa (CPU)?

Emhlabeni kobuchwepheshe, amaphrosesa (ama-CPU) adlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwanoma iyiphi idivayisi ye-elekthronikhi. Uma sicabanga ngamaphrosesa, kuvamile ukuwahlobanisa namagama afana nesivinini, ukusebenza, kanye nekhono lokwenza imisebenzi. Kodwa-ke, ukuze uqonde ngokugcwele ukuthi iphrosesa isebenza kanjani, kubalulekile ukuqonda ama-cores ayo, okuyizingxenye eziyinhloko ezibhekele ukwenza imiyalelo nokwenza izibalo.

Ingqikithi yeprosesa ingachazwa njengeyunithi yokucubungula emaphakathi ezimele ngaphakathi ye-CPU enesibopho sokwenza imisebenzi kanye nokwenza imiyalelo yohlelo. Umongo ngamunye unesethi yawo yezinsiza, njengamarejista, inqolobane, namayunithi asebenzayo, awuvumela ukuthi enze imisebenzi ngokuzenzakalelayo. Uma iphrosesa inama-cores amaningi, amandla ayo okwenza imisebenzi eminingi ngesikhathi esisodwa esebenza kahle kakhulu.

Ama-cores we-processor Basebenza ngokufana futhi baxhumana bodwa ngamabhasi angaphakathi ukuze baxhumanise isabelo somsebenzi futhi babelane ngedatha. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthuthuka okuphawulekayo ekusebenzeni kwayo yonke iphrosesa, njengoba ama-cores angasabalalisa umsebenzi ngokulinganayo futhi asebenzise ngokugcwele izinsiza zawo ngazinye.

Ukwakheka kwama-cores wephrosesa kungahluka kuye ngomkhiqizi kanye nemodeli. Amanye amaphrosesa anesakhiwo esiwumgogodla owodwa, okusho ukuthi anomongo owodwa kuphela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona ama-multicore processors, anezintambo zomzimba ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ezihlanganiswe ku-chip eyodwa.

Ngokufigqiwe, ama-cores ephrosesa ayizici ezibalulekile ezinquma amandla ayo okusebenza nokusebenza. Uma iphrosesa inama-cores amaningi, amandla ayo okwenza izinto eziningi. I-Single-core noma i-multi-core architecture nayo inomthelela ekutheni iphrosesa isabalalisa kanjani imisebenzi futhi isebenzise izinsiza zayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda ukuthi ama-cores wephrosesa asebenza kanjani kubalulekile ekukhetheni iphrosesa efanele yanoma yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza noma idivayisi.

- Isingeniso sokusebenza kweprosesa (CPU)

Ukusebenza kweprosesa (CPU) kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokusebenza kwanoma iyiphi idivayisi ye-elekthronikhi. Amaprosesa anesibopho sokwenza imiyalelo nemisebenzi edingekayo ukuze ikhompuyutha isebenze kahle. Kulokhu okuthunyelwe, sizogxila kuma-cores we-processor, okuyizingxenye ezibalulekile ekusebenzeni nasekusebenzeni kwayo.

Ama-cores wephrosesa amayunithi okucubungula azimele atholakala ngaphakathi kwe-chip efanayo. Ingqikithi ngayinye ingenza iziqondiso futhi yenze imisebenzi ngesikhathi esisodwa futhi ingazimele kwezinye. Lokhu kusho ukuthi iphrosesa enamacores amaningi inamandla okwenza imisebenzi eminingi ngesikhathi esisodwa, eyaziwa ngokuthi ukuhambisana.

Inani lama-cores kuphrosesa lingahluka ukusuka kokukodwa kuye kwabaningi, kuye ngemodeli nesizukulwane. Uma iphrosesa inama-cores amaningi, amandla ayo okwenza imisebenzi ngasikhathi sinye kanye nokucubungula idatha ngokushesha nangempumelelo. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi akuzona zonke izinhlelo nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezilungiselelwe ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele ama-cores angeziwe, ngakho-ke inzuzo yokuba nama-cores amaningi ingase ihluke kuye ngokuthi ikhompyutha isetshenziswa kanjani.

Kafushane, ama-cores weprosesa anesibopho sokwenza imisebenzi nokwenza imiyalo edingekayo ekusebenzeni kwekhompyutha. Uma iphrosesa inama-cores amaningi, amandla ayo okwenza imisebenzi ngasikhathi sinye ayanda. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi akuzona zonke izinhlelo nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithuthukisiwe ukuze zisebenzise ngokugcwele ama-cores angeziwe. Kubalulekile ukucabangela izidingo kanye nokusetshenziswa okuzonikezwa ikhompuyutha ngaphambi kokukhetha iprosesa enenombolo ethile yama-cores.

- Ichaza izingxenye eziyinhloko zeprosesa (CPU)

Iyunithi yokucubungula ephakathi (i-CPU), eyaziwa nangokuthi iphrosesa, iyingxenye ebalulekile yanoma iyiphi idivayisi yekhompyutha. Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko ukucubungula nokwenza imiyalelo, ukwenza imisebenzi ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kohlelo. Iphrosesa yenziwe ngezinto ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ezisebenza ndawonye ukuze zifeze ukusebenza kahle: ama-cores, inqolobane, kanye nebhasi ledatha. Kulesi sihloko, sizogxila kuma-cores we-processor nokubaluleka kwawo ekusebenzeni kwayo.

I i-nuclei Ziyingxenye ebalulekile yephrosesa, njengoba zinesibopho sokwenza imiyalelo nokwenza izibalo ezidingekayo ukuze kucutshungulwe ulwazi. Iphrosesa ingaba ne-core eyodwa noma ngaphezulu, evame kakhulu i-dual-core, i-quad-core, nama-multi-core akamuva, afana ne-hexa-core ne-octa-core. Uma iphrosesa inama-cores amaningi, iyosebenza kahle kakhulu ekwenzeni imisebenzi eminingi ngesikhathi esisodwa, okubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni zokusebenza ezidinga ukusebenza okuphezulu, njengokwakheka kwezithombe, ukuhlela ividiyo noma ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza zokulingisa.

Inqolobane Kungenye ingxenye ebalulekile yeprosesa. Kumayelana yenkumbulo ukufinyelela okusheshayo okugcina idatha nemiyalelo evamise ukusetshenziswa iphrosesa. Inqolobane yehlisa isikhathi sokufinyelela kumemori eyinhloko, yona esheshisa ukwenziwa kwemiyalelo. Kunamaleveli ahlukene wenqolobane, enezinga 1 (L1) elishesha kakhulu futhi eliseduze ne-processor core, kuyilapho ileveli 3 (L3) ihamba kancane kodwa inikeza umthamo omkhulu wokugcina. Ukusetshenziswa kahle kwenqolobane kubalulekile ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kwephrosesa, njengoba kunciphisa ukubambezeleka futhi kunciphisa ukulinda komcubungula idatha edingekayo ekusebenzeni kwayo.

El ibhasi ledatha Kuyindlela yokuxhumana phakathi kweprosesa nezinye izingxenye zesistimu, njenge Imemori ye-RAM, amathuluzi okugcina kanye nama-peripheral. Kuyindlela enesivinini esikhulu lapho kudluliselwa khona imiyalelo nedatha edingekayo ekusebenzeni kohlelo. Ibhasi ledatha elisebenza kahle nelisheshayo libalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kwephrosesa, njengoba linciphisa izikhathi zokulinda futhi likhuthaze ukuxhumana okuwuketshezi phakathi kwezingxenye zesistimu. Iphrosesa enebhasi ledatha ephezulu yomkhawulokudonsa izoba namandla amakhulu okudlulisa ulwazi futhi yenze imisebenzi ngokushesha nangempumelelo, okuholela ekutheni ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe yohlelo jikelele.

- Ukubaluleka kwenombolo nohlobo lwama-cores ku-processor (CPU)

I ama-processor cores ziyizici eziyisisekelo ze iyunithi yokucubungula ephakathi (i-CPU). Lawa ma-cores anomthwalo wemfanelo wokwenza imisebenzi nokubala okudingekayo ekusebenzeni kwezinhlelo nezinqubo emishinini yekhompyutha. Ingqikithi ngayinye ingenza iziyalezo ngokuzimela nangesikhathi esisodwa, ivumela a ukusebenza okuphezulu kanye nesivinini ekucutshungulweni kwedatha.

La inani lama-nuclei Kuyisici esinqumayo ekusebenzeni kwephrosesa. Nakuba ingqikithi eyodwa ingase ikwazi ukwenza imisebenzi eminingi, ukuhlanganisa ama-cores amaningi kumcubungula kungakhuphula kakhulu amandla okucubungula. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezidinga izinga eliphezulu lokwenza izinto eziningi, njengokuklama kwezithombe, ukuhlela ividiyo, noma ukudlala amageyimu.

Ngaphezu kobuningi, i uhlobo lwama-cores ekhona kuphrosesa. Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezakhiwo eziyinhloko, ngayinye enezici zayo. Ezinye izibonelo Okujwayelekile ama-cores enhloso ejwayelekile, aklanyelwe ukwenza zonke izinhlobo zemisebenzi, nama-cores akhethekile, athuthukiswe ukwenza imisebenzi ethile, njengokucutshungulwa kwezithombe noma ikhompyutha yesayensi. Ukukhethwa kohlobo lwe-kernel kuzoncika ezidingweni zomsebenzisi kanye nohlobo lwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezizosetshenziswa kukhompuyutha.

- Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-cores we-processor (CPU)

Iyunithi Yokucubungula Ephakathi (i-CPU) Iyingxenye ebalulekile yanoma iyiphi idivayisi yekhompyutha. Inquma kakhulu isivinini namandla okucubungula yekhompyutha. Iphrosesa yenziwe ngama-cores amaningana, okungamayunithi okucubungula azimele ngaphakathi kwe-chip. Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-nuclei zine izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi ezithinta ukusebenza nokusebenza kahle kwe-CPU.

Ama-cores we-processor Ahlukaniswa abe izigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko: ama-core-threaded single and multi-threaded cores. Ama-core-threaded single ama-cores amadala kakhulu futhi alula kakhulu, njengoba angakwazi ukwenza umyalelo owodwa ngesikhathi emculweni owodwa wokusebenzisa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-cores anemicu eminingi, aziwa nangokuthi ama-multi-core cores noma ama-hyperprocessing cores, angasebenzisa imicu eminingi yemiyalo ngesikhathi esisodwa, athuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kwemisebenzi eminingi kanye nemisebenzi efanayo.

Nakhu izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi okuhlotshaniswa nohlobo ngalunye lomnyombo wephrosesa. Amakhora anomucu owodwa afaneleka kakhulu ezinhlelweni zochungechunge olulodwa, njengemisebenzi yansuku zonke, ukuphequlula iwebhu, nokudlala imidiya. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-cores anemicu eminingi asebenza kahle kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokusebenza eziningi, njengokuhlela ividiyo, ukunikezwa kwe-3D, kanye nezimo ze-virtualization. Kodwa-ke, ama-cores anemicu eminingi ajwayele ukusebenzisa amandla amaningi futhi akhiqize ukushisa okwengeziwe uma kuqhathaniswa nama-core-threaded single.

Ngokufigqiwe, ukukhetha phakathi kwama-core-threaded cores kanye nama-multi-threaded cores Kuya ohlotsheni lwezinhlelo zokusebenza kanye nomsebenzi ozokwenziwa ku-CPU. Ama-core-threaded single afaneleka kangcono imisebenzi yansuku zonke, kuyilapho ama-core multi-threaded elungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzisa izinsiza kanye nokwenza izinto eziningi. Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nokukhiqiza ukushisa lapho ukhetha uhlobo oluyinhloko, njengoba lokhu kungase kuthinte ukusebenza nempilo ye-CPU. Ekugcineni, ukukhetha ama-cores afanele kufanele kuhambisane nezidingo ezithile kanye nezidingo zomsebenzisi ngamunye kanye nohlelo lokusebenza.

- Izincomo zokukhetha iprosesa (CPU) enenombolo efanele yama-cores

Iprosesa (CPU) ingqondo yekhompyutha, enesibopho sokwenza ngokushesha yonke imisebenzi edingekayo ukuze uhlelo lusebenze ngendlela efanele. Esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho ukhetha iprosesa inani lama-cores enawo. Ama-cores we-processor abhekisela kumayunithi okucubungula azimele ngaphakathi kwe-chip eyodwa. Ingqikithi ngayinye inamandla okwenza imisebenzi nokusebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa, okuvumela ikhompuyutha ukuthi isheshe futhi isebenze kahle.

Uma ukhetha iprosesa enenombolo efanele yama-cores, kubalulekile ukucabangela uhlobo lokusetshenziswa oluzonikezwa lona. kukhompyutha. Uma isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi imisebenzi eyisisekelo njenge ukuphequlula i-inthanethi, thumela ama-imeyili futhi usebenzise izinhlelo zehhovisi, iphrosesa enama-cores ambalwa ingase yanele. Kodwa-ke, uma uhlela ukusebenzisa ikhompuyutha ukwenza imisebenzi enzima kakhulu njengokuhlela ividiyo, ukwakheka kwezithombe noma imidlalo, kuyancomeka ukuthi ukhethe iphrosesa enamacores amaningi.

Esinye isici okufanele sicatshangelwe lapho ukhetha inani lama-processor cores yisabelomali esitholakalayo. Amaphrosesa anenani eliphakeme lama-cores avame ukubiza kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukuthi uzimisele kangakanani ukutshala imali kuphrosesa nokuthi udinga kangakanani ukusebenza okwengeziwe okunikezwa ama-cores angeziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuhambisana kweprosesa nezinye izingxenye zekhompyutha, njengebhodi lomama kanye I-RAM, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu. Kafushane, lapho ukhetha iprosesa enenombolo efanele yama-cores, kubalulekile ukucabangela uhlobo lokusetshenziswa oluzonikezwa ikhompuyutha, isabelomali esitholakalayo kanye nokuhambisana nezinye izingxenye.