Agcinwa kuphi amagciwane ku-PC yami?

Ezweni elikhulu neliyinkimbinkimbi lezinhlelo zamakhompiyutha, kunenqwaba yezinsongo ezifihliwe neziqhubekayo ezingathinta ukuphepha nokusebenza kwekhompyutha yethu. Phakathi kwalezi zinsongo, amagciwane ekhompyutha asendaweni evelele. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi la magciwane agcinwe kuphi ku-PC yethu ukuze sibone kahle imiphumela yawo futhi sithathe izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokuwasusa kahle. Kulesi sihloko sobuchwepheshe, sizohlola ngokuningiliziwe izindawo ezihlukahlukene zokugcinwa kwamagciwane kukhompuyutha, nokuthi lolu lwazi lungabaluleka kanjani ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubuqotho besistimu yethu yokusebenza nokuvikelwa kwedatha yethu ebucayi.

Isingeniso

Ingxenye ethi “” ihloselwe ukunikeza umongo obalulekile esihlokweni esiyinhloko salo mbhalo. Kuzo zonke izigaba ezimbalwa ezilandelayo, kuzonikezwa umbono ocacile futhi omfishane, ngaphandle kokungena emininingwaneni ethile. Lesi sigaba sizobeka izisekelo ezidingekayo ukuze siqonde ngokwanele okuqukethwe okwakhiwa ezigabeni ezilandelayo.

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lo mbhalo ugxile esihlokweni sokubaluleka okukhulayo⁣ emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe.⁤ Umthelela wamathrendi amasha edijithali emkhakheni webhizinisi uzocutshungulwa kahle, kubhekwane nawo womabili amathuba kanye nezinselele ezivelayo. Izinhlangano zanamuhla zibhekene nesidingo sokuzivumelanisa ngokushesha nezinguquko eziqhubekayo ku inkathi yedijithali, futhi⁤ lokhu⁢ ukuhlaziya kuzohlinzeka ngolwazi olubalulekile lwalokhu.

Kuso sonke isigaba esithi “”, kuzonikezwa umbono ocacile futhi ohlelekile wezihloko ezibalulekile ezizodingidwa ezigabeni ezizayo zombhalo. Abafundi bazokwazi ukuthola umbono ophelele wokuqukethwe nezihlokwana ezizodingidwa, okubavumela ukuthi bakhethe izindawo abazithakaselayo ezibafanele kakhulu. Ukwengeza, amaphuzu abalulekile kanye nemibono esemqoka yesigaba ngasinye kuzogqanyiswa, okuzokwenza kube lula ukuzulazula ngokuqukethwe kulo mbhalo.

Liyini igciwane lekhompyutha?

Igciwane lekhompuyutha uhlelo olunonya noma ikhodi enekhono lokuphindaphinda nokungena kumadivayisi ekhompyutha namasistimu ngaphandle kwemvume yomsebenzisi. Inhloso yayo eyinhloko ukudala umonakalo noma ukuphazamisa ukusebenza okuvamile yekhompyutha noma inethiwekhi okuyo. Lawa magciwane asakazwa ngokunamathiselwe kwi-imeyili, ukulanda kwe-inthanethi, isitoreji se-USB esithelelekile, namawebhusayithi anonya.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamagciwane ekhompyutha, ngalinye linezici zalo kanye nokuziphatha. Ezinye ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• Amagciwane efayela: Lezi izinhlelo ezizinamathisela kumafayela asebenzisekayo futhi zicushwe lapho ifayela elinegciwane lenziwa. Angalimaza noma asuse amafayela wesistimu abalulekile.
• Izikelemu: Lezi izinhlelo eziziphindaphindayo kunethiwekhi noma kusistimu ngaphandle kokudinga isenzo somsebenzisi. Bangadla izinsiza eziningi futhi behlise ijubane ikhompuyutha noma inethiwekhi.
• I-Trojans: Lezi izinhlelo ezizifihla njengesofthiwe esemthethweni futhi zikhohlise umsebenzisi ukuthi azifake. Uma sezifakiwe, zingakwazi vula umnyango emuva ohlelweni, okuvumela ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kubahlaseli.

Kubalulekile ukuthi sihlale siqaphile futhi sithathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ukuze sivikele amadivaysi ethu kumagciwane ekhompyutha. Ezinye zezinyathelo ezingasiza ukugwema ukutheleleka yilezi:

• Gcina isistimu esebenzayo kanye nesofthiwe ibuyekezwa ngeziqephu zokuphepha zakamuva.
• Ungawavuli ama-imeyili noma izinanyathiselwa ezivela kubathumeli abangaziwa noma abasolisayo.
• Sebenzisa izinhlelo zokulwa namagciwane kanye ne-antimalware ethembekile futhi uzigcine zisesikhathini samanje.
• Ungalandi isofthiwe kumasayithi angekho emthethweni noma anedumela elibi.

Ngamafuphi, igciwane lekhompiyutha ikhodi enonya esabalele futhi ithinte amadivaysi ekhompyutha namasistimu. Ukuze uzivikele kulawa⁢ amagciwane, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha kanye nezindlela zokuphepha ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Tipos de virus informáticos

Kukhona okumbalwa okungangena kumakhompuyutha ethu futhi kufake engozini ukuphepha kwedatha yethu. Ngezansi sizobhala ezinye ezivame kakhulu:

• Igciwane lefayela: Lolu hlobo lwegciwane lunamathiselwe kumafayela asebenzisekayo futhi luyasebenza uma ifayela selikhishiwe. Ingalimaza noma isuse amafayela, futhi iguqule noma yonakalise idatha.
• Izimpethu: Izikelemu izinhlelo eziziphindaphindayo futhi zisabalale kunethiwekhi yonkana. Bangakwazi ukukhipha izinsiza zesistimu futhi behlise ijubane ukusebenza kwekhompyutha. Ukwengeza, bangavula izicabha ezingemuva futhi bavumele ukufinyelela okukude okungagunyaziwe ohlelweni.
• AmaTrojan: Ama-Trojan ⁤izinhlelo ezethula ngokwazo njengohlelo lokusebenza olusemthethweni kodwa, ⁢uma sezikhishiwe, zenza izenzo ezinonya ngaphandle ⁢kwemvume yomsebenzisi. Bangantshontsha ulwazi olubucayi, olufana namagama ayimfihlo nemininingwane yasebhange, kanye nokuqopha ukuchofoza (ama-keylogger) ngaphandle kokwazi komsebenzisi.

Kubalulekile ukuthi ube nesoftware ethuthukisiwe yama-antivirus futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokuvikela ukugwema ukutheleleka ngegciwane lekhompyutha. Ukugwema ukulanda amafayela emithonjeni engathembekile, ukungachofa izixhumanisi ezisolisayo noma ezingaziwa nokugcina amasistimu wokusebenza nezinhlelo zokusebenza zibuyekeziwe ngezinye zezinyathelo okumelwe sizithathe ukuze sivikele ukuphepha kwekhompyutha yethu.

I-PC yami itheleleka kanjani ngegciwane?

Kunezindlela eziningana lapho i-PC yakho ingatheleleka ngegciwane ngaphandle kokuthi wena uqaphele. Kubalulekile ukwaziswa ngamasu ahlukene asetshenziswa izigebengu zamakhompiyutha ukuthelela amadivaysi akho. Okulandelayo, ngizokuchazela izindlela eziyinhloko i-PC yakho engatheleleka ngazo:

Amawebhusayithi anonya: Amawebhusayithi onakalisiwe noma anonya angenye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu zokuthelela i-PC yakho. Ngokuvakashela lawa masayithi, ikhompuyutha yakho ingase ibe sobala ekulandweni okuzenzakalelayo kwamafayela angenwe yileli gciwane noma ukufakwa kwezinhlelo ezinonya ngaphandle kokwazi kwakho.

Okunamathiselwe kwi-imeyili: Ama-imeyili angacelwanga anezinamathiselo angaba yingozi ku-PC yakho. Ngokuvula lawa mafayela, kungenzeka ukuthi uqala igciwane noma uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha oluzosebenza kusistimu yakho. Njalo qiniseka ukuthi uyaqinisekisa umthombo nokuqukethwe kwe-imeyili ngaphambi kokuvula noma yikuphi okunamathiselwe.

Amadivayisi esitoreji akhiphekayo: Ukuxhuma izisetshenziswa zesitoreji sangaphandle, njenge-USB noma ama-hard drive angaphandle, ku-PC yakho nakho kungaba umthombo wokutheleleka. Uma⁢ lawa madivayisi athelelekile, amagciwane angasabalala ngokushesha ngesistimu yakho lapho uwaxhuma.

Lapho amagciwane agcinwe ku-PC yami

Amagciwane ekhompyutha izinhlelo ezinonya noma ikhodi engangena kwi-PC yakho bese idala umonakalo omkhulu kukhompyutha yakho. amafayela akho nokusebenza kwesistimu. Nakuba indawo yawo ngqo ingase ihluke, amagciwane ngokuvamile agcinwa ezindaweni ezithile ezibalulekile ze-PC yakho. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi zicashe kuphi ukuze ukwazi ukuzibona futhi uziqede. ngempumelelo.

Ngezansi kunezindawo ezivamile lapho amagciwane engacasha khona ku-PC yakho:

• Ifolda yokulanda: Amagciwane avame ukuzifihla njengamafayela alandiwe asemthethweni. Ngokuvula ifolda yokulandwa okuthelelekile, uzifaka engozini ngokwenza igciwane lisebenze.
• Archivos adjuntos de correo electrónico: ⁢Amagciwane angasakazwa ngokunamathiselwe kwe-imeyili okuthelelekile. Ngokuvula lawa mafayela, ukutheleleka kungenzeka.
• Archivos ejecutables: Amagciwane angacasha kumafayela asebenzisekayo abonakala engenangozi (.exe). Uma usebenzisa ifayela elinjalo, ungabeka i-PC yakho engcupheni.

Kubalulekile ukuthi uhlale unesofthiwe ye-antivirus yakamuva ku-PC yakho ukuze uthole futhi ususe noma yimaphi amagciwane angaba khona. Futhi, qiniseka ukuthi uyakugwema ukulanda amafayela emithonjeni engathembekile futhi sebenzisa ukuqapha lapho uvula noma yiziphi izinanyathiselwa ze-imeyili. Ngokuqaphela lezi zindawo lapho amagciwane engacasha khona, ungavikela kangcono i-PC yakho ezinsongweni ze-cyber.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokugcina ezisetshenziswa amagciwane

Isitoreji kumafayela asebenzisekayo:
Amagciwane asebenzisa lolu hlobo lwesitoreji azifaka ngokwawo kumafayela asebenzisekayo, njengezinhlelo noma izinhlelo zokusebenza. Lawa magciwane avame ukuguqula ikhodi yamafayela ukuze afake amakhodi awo anonya Uma ifayela elinegciwane selibulewe, igciwane liyasebenza futhi lingakwazi ukwenza izenzo ezihlukahlukene ezilimazayo ohlelweni, njengokweba imininingwane noma amafayela akhohlakele. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela lapho ulanda futhi ufaka izinhlelo ezivela emithonjeni engathembekile ukuze ugweme ukutheleleka ngamagciwane asebenzisa le ndlela yokugcina.

Ukugcina amafayela amakhulu:
Amagciwane⁤ asebenzisa lolu hlobo lwesitoreji⁢ avame ukutholakala kumafayela e-Microsoft Office aqukethe amamakhro. I-macro iyisethi yemiyalo echazwe ngaphambilini noma izenzo ezingenziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo efayeleni. Amagciwane ama-Macro asebenzisa ama-macros ukufaka amakhodi awo anonya efayeleni. Lapho kuvulwa ifayela elinegciwane, i-macro iyasebenza futhi igciwane lisakazekela kwamanye amadokhumenti⁤ noma lenze izenzo ezinonya ohlelweni⁢. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ukuqapha lapho unika amandla ama-macros kumafayela e-Office futhi uhlale usebenzisa isofthiwe yezokuphepha yakamuva ukuze uthole futhi ususe amagciwane angaba khona amakhulu.

Isitoreji singaphakathi amafayela acindezelwe:
Amagciwane angasebenzisa amafayela acindezelwe njengendlela yokugcina ukufihla nokusabalala. Lawa mafayela ngokuvamile anezandiso ezifana ne-.zip noma .rar, futhi aqukethe amanye amafayela ngaphakathi. Ngokunciphisa ifayela elinegciwane, igciwane liyakhululwa futhi lingathelela amanye amafayela noma lenze izenzo ezinonya ohlelweni. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa amathuluzi anokwethenjelwa okwehlisa amandla nokuskena amafayela acindezelwe ukuze uthole amagciwane ngaphambi kokuwavula. Ukwengeza, kunconywa ukuthi ungalandi noma wabelane ngamafayela acindezelwe emithonjeni engaziwa ukuze uvimbele ukutheleleka ngamagciwane asebenzisa le ndlela yokugcina.

Ungawathola kanjani futhi uwasuse kanjani amagciwane ku-PC yakho

Ukuba khona kwamagciwane kukhompyutha yakho kungonakalisa ukuphepha kwedatha yakho futhi kubambezele ukusebenza kwe-PC yakho. Ngenhlanhla, kunezindlela ezahlukene zokuthola nokususa lezi zinhlelo ezinonya. Lapha sikunikeza izinyathelo ezithile okufanele uzilandele ukuze uvikele i-PC yakho kumagciwane asabekayo:

Skena uhlelo lwakho ngohlelo lwe-antivirus:

• Isinyathelo sokuqala sokuthola nokukhipha amagciwane ku-PC yakho ukwenza ukuskena kwesistimu okugcwele usebenzisa uhlelo oluthembekile lwe-antivirus.
• Kunezinketho eziningi zesoftware elwa namagciwane emakethe, ezinye zazo mahhala, njenge-Avast, AVG noma i-Avira.
• Dawuniloda isofthiwe ozikhethele yona, uyifake, futhi ubuyekeze isizindalwazi segciwane ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi uvikelekile ezinsongweni zakamuva.⁣
• Qala ukuskena kwesistimu okugcwele futhi uvumele uhlelo lokulwa namagciwane ukuthi luhlonze futhi lususe noma imaphi amagciwane noma uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha olulutholayo ku-PC yakho.

Yenza izibuyekezo zesofthiwe:

• ⁢Abakhiqizi besofthiwe, okuhlanganisa i-Microsoft, i-Apple, nabanye,⁢ bavame ukukhulula izibuyekezo zokuphepha zemikhiqizo yabo.
• Lezi zibuyekezo zibalulekile ukuze uvikele ikhompuyutha yakho kumagciwane akamuva kanye nezinsongo ze-malware.
• Qiniseka ukuthi uvumela izibuyekezo ezizenzakalelayo zesistimu yakho yokusebenza kanye nenye isofthiwe ebalulekile oyisebenzisayo.
• Izibuyekezo ngeke nje zikhiphe ubungozi obaziwayo, kodwa futhi zizothuthukisa ukusebenza nokuzinza kwe-PC yakho.

Gwema ukuvula izixhumanisi ezisolisayo noma ukulanda amafayela:

• Indlela evamile amagciwane athelela ngayo amakhompuyutha ngokusebenzisa izixhumanisi ezinonya noma okunamathiselwe kuma-imeyili noma imilayezo eku-inthanethi.
• Qaphela lapho uchofoza izixhumanisi ezisolisayo futhi ugweme ukulanda amafayela emithonjeni engathembekile.
• Njalo hlola umthombo wefayela noma isixhumanisi ngaphambi kokulivula, ngisho noma livela kothile omaziyo. .
• Sebenzisa ingqondo yakho futhi uthembe intuition yakho ukuze uzivikele ezingozini zegciwane ezingase zibe khona.

Izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukutheleleka ngegciwane ku-PC yakho

Isibuyekezo uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza kanye nesoftware njalo: Ukugcina i-PC yakho isesikhathini ngezibuyekezo zakamuva zokuphepha kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuvikela ukutheleleka ngegciwane. Setha izibuyekezo ezizenzakalelayo ohlelweni lwakho lokusebenza futhi uqiniseke ukuthi izinhlelo ozisebenzisayo nazo zisesikhathini samanje.

Faka isofthiwe ethembekile yokulwa namagciwane: Ukusebenzisa uhlelo oluthembekile lwe-antivirus kuzokunikeza isivikelo esiqinile kumagciwane kanye nohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha. Qiniseka⁢ ukhetha isofthiwe enikeza izikena ngesikhathi sangempela, ukuvikelwa kwewebhu nezibuyekezo ezizenzakalelayo ukugcina i-PC yakho ivikelekile ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Gwema ukuchofoza izixhumanisi ezisolisayo noma ukulanda amafayela emithonjeni engaziwa: Amagciwane amaningi angena kwi-PC yakho ngezixhumanisi ezinonya noma okunamathiselwe okuthelelekile. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi ugweme ukuchofoza izixhumanisi ezingaziwa noma ezisolisayo, kanye nokulanda amafayela emithonjeni engathembekile. Njalo hlola umthombo futhi usebenzise ithuluzi elithembekile lokuthola uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha ngaphambi kokuvula noma yisiphi isixhumanisi noma ifayela.

Ukubaluleka kokuba ne-antivirus enhle

Namuhla, ukuphepha kwe-cybersecurity sekuyinkinga ehlala njalo. inyuke kakhulu ngenxa yokwanda kwemvamisa yokuhlaselwa ku-inthanethi. Ama-antivirus angamathuluzi abalulekile okuvikela ulwazi lwethu lomuntu siqu, ukuvikela ubunikazi bethu ku-inthanethi nokuvimbela ukulahleka kwedatha ebalulekile.

I-antivirus enhle iyakwazi ukubona nokususa izinsongo eziningi ezihlukahlukene, ezifana namagciwane, izikelemu, ama-Trojans, uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha nezinye izinhlelo ezinonya. Ukwengeza, inikeza ukuvikelwa kwesikhathi sangempela futhi ibuyekezwa njalo ukuze kubhekwane nezinsongo zakamuva. Ukufaka i-antivirus ethembekile kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwemishini yethu futhi kuncishiswe ubungozi bokuhlaselwa yikhompyutha.

Ukugcina isistimu yethu yokusebenza, iziphequluli, nezinhlelo zokusebenza kubuyekeziwe kubalulekile, kodwa akwanele ukusigcina siphephile ezingozini eziningi ezikhona. I-antivirus enhle isebenza njengesivikelo sokuzivikela, ivimba noma iyiphi isofthiwe eyingozi ezama ukufinyelela kumadivayisi ethu futhi isisiza ukuthi sigweme ukulanda amafayela anamagciwane futhi isixwayise ngezixhumanisi ezisolisayo noma amawebhusayithi omgunyathi. Ngamafuphi, ukuba nesivikeli magciwane esihle kubalulekile ukuze uvikele ubumfihlo bethu, uvikele idatha yethu, futhi ujabulele okwenziwa ku-inthanethi okuphephile.

Uyivikela kanjani i-PC yakho kuma-virus kanye nohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha

Buyekeza uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza: Ukugcina uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza luvuselelwe kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuvikela i-PC yakho kumagciwane kanye nohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha. Izibuyekezo zesofthiwe ngokuvamile zihlanganisa amapeshi okuvikela akhuluma ngobungozi obaziwayo. Qiniseka ukuthi uvumela izibuyekezo ezizenzakalelayo futhi ulande futhi ufake izibuyekezo zakamuva ngokushesha nje lapho sezitholakala.

Faka uhlelo oluthembekile lwe-antivirus: Isofthiwe ye-antivirus idlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni i-PC yakho kumagciwane kanye nohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha. Kunezinketho ezimbalwa ezitholakalayo emakethe, kodwa qiniseka ukuthi ukhetha ithuluzi elithembekile nelidumile. Skena njalo isistimu yakho ukuze uthole izinsongo futhi ugcine isivikeli-magciwane sakho sivuselelwe ukuze uvikele ezinhlobonhlobo zakamuva ze-malware.

Qaphela ama-imeyili asolisayo nokulandiwe: Amagciwane amaningi nohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha lungena ku-PC yakho ngama-imeyili asolisayo nokulanda. Ungawavuli ama-imeyili avela kubathumeli abangaziwa futhi ugweme ukuchofoza izixhumanisi ezisolisayo noma ukulanda izinanyathiselwa. Kuyatuseka futhi ukusebenzisa isihlungi sogaxekile kanye nesivimbeli se-pop-up ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokunciphisa amathuba okutheleleka.

Gcina izinhlelo zakho namasistimu okusebenza kusesikhathini samanje

Emhlabeni wanamuhla wezobuchwepheshe, kubalulekile ukugcina izinhlelo zakho namasistimu okusebenza kusesikhathini samanje ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza kahle nokugcina ukuphepha kwedatha yakho. Ukushoda kwezibuyekezo kungashiya amadivayisi akho engcupheni yokuhlaselwa i-inthanethi nohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha, okungase kubeke engozini ubuqotho bolwazi lwakho lomuntu siqu kanye nelebhizinisi.

Qiniseka ukuthi ufaka izibuyekezo zakamuva zokuphepha ezihlinzekwa onjiniyela besofthiwe. Lezi zibuyekezo ngokuvamile zihlanganisa ukulungiswa kweziphazamisi, ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza, futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ukulungiswa kwezikhala zokuphepha ezaziwayo. Bheka amawebhusayithi asemthethweni ezinhlelo zakho namasistimu okusebenza ukuze uhlole ukuthi izibuyekezo ziyatholakala yini.

Khumbula ukuthi akubalulekanga nje kuphela ukugcina izinhlelo zakho eziyinhloko nezinhlelo zokusebenza zivuselelwe, kodwa nalezo zinhlelo zezinkampani zangaphandle ozisebenzisa nsuku zonke, njengeziphequluli zewebhu, izidlali zemultimedia noma amasudi okukhiqiza. Sebenzisa ithuluzi lokuphatha isofthiwe ukuze ulandelele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifakiwe futhi uqinisekise ukuthi zibuyekezwa njalo. Ukugcina izinhlelo ⁤zihambisana nesikhathi⁢ kuzokuvumela ukuthi ujabulele izici zakamuva, ukuthuthukiswa kokuphepha, nokulungiswa kweziphazamisi.

Phequlula ngokucophelela futhi ugweme ukulanda amafayela asolisayo

Ukugcina ukuphepha kwemishini yakho nokuvikela imininingwane yakho yomuntu siqu, kubalulekile ukuthi uphequlule i-inthanethi ngokucophelela futhi ugweme ukulanda amafayela asolisayo. Lapha sikunikeza izincomo zokugwema noma yiluphi uhlobo lobungozi:

• Gcina amasistimu akho okusebenza nezinhlelo zisesikhathini samanje. Faka izinguqulo zakamuva zeziphequluli zewebhu kanye nesofthiwe yezokuphepha ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi unokuvikela kwakamuva kokusongelwa.
• Sebenzisa amaphasiwedi aqinile futhi uwashintshe ngezikhathi ezithile. Gwema ukusebenzisa igama-mfihlo elifanayo kuma-akhawunti ahlukene futhi ungalokothi wabelane ngolwazi lwakho lokungena nabantu abangagunyaziwe.
• Ungachofozi izixhumanisi ezisolisayo noma ezingaziwa Uma uthola i-imeyili noma umlayezo obonakala usolisa, gwema ukuchofoza noma yiziphi izixhumanisi ezinamathiselwe. Kunalokho, qinisekisa ubuqiniso bomthumeli ngaphambi kokuqhubeka.

Ngokungeziwe ekulandeleni lezi zincomo eziyisisekelo, kubalulekile ⁢okubalulekile⁤ ukusebenzisa isixazululo sokuphepha esithembekile esifaka isivikeli magciwane kanye ne-firewall. Lawa mathuluzi azokusiza ukuthi uthole futhi uvimbe amafayela anonya ngaphambi kokuthi adale umonakalo kudivayisi yakho. Uma usola ukuthi ulande ifayela elisolisayo, qiniseka ukuthi uyaliskena nge-antivirus yakho ngaphambi kokulivula noma ukulisebenzisa.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuphepha ku-inthanethi kuwumthwalo wawo wonke umuntu. Ukwazi ubungozi kanye nokuthatha ⁤izinyathelo zokuvimbela​ kungavimbela ulwazi lwakho ukuthi luwele ezandleni ezingalungile⁢. Phequlula ngokucophelela futhi ugcine amadivayisi akho evikelekile ukuze uthole ulwazi oluphephile nolungenazihibe ku-inthanethi.

Yenza izipele ezivamile

Ukwenza izipele ezivamile kubalulekile ukuze uqinisekise ukuphepha kwedatha yakho namafayela. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe kanye nosongo olukhulayo lokugetshengwa nokulahleka kwedatha, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvikela ukuvikela imininingwane yakho ebalulekile. Nazi ezinye⁢ izizathu zokuthi kungani kufanele wenze izipele ezivamile:

• Ukuvikelwa ekulahlekeni kwedatha⁤: Ukuhluleka kwe-hard drive, ukuntshontshwa kwedivayisi, kanye nephutha lomuntu ngezinye zezinto ezingaholela ekulahlekeni kwedatha. Ngokwenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni yedatha yakho njalo, ungaqinisekisa ukuthi idatha yakho ivikelekile futhi iyatholakala uma kwenzeka kuba khona.
• Ukubuyiselwa kwedatha: Uma kwenzeka ukulahleka kwedatha kwenzeka, ukuthatha izipele ezivamile kuzokunikeza isivikelo esithembekile. Ungakwazi ukubuyisela kalula amafayela akho nezilungiselelo ngaphandle kokuthi uqale ekuqaleni.
• Ukuvimbela ukuphazamiseka kwebhizinisi: Esimeni sebhizinisi, ukulahleka kwedatha kungaholela ekuphazanyisweni okumba eqolo futhi kulimaze isithunzi senkampani. Ukwenza izipele ezivamile⁤ kunciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula futhi kunika amandla ukutakula okusheshayo nangempumelelo, kuqinisekisa ukuhamba okuqhubekayo kwebhizinisi ⁢imisebenzi⁢.

Qiniseka ukuthi usetha uhlelo lokusekelayo oluhambisana nezidingo zakho. Ungasebenzisa izindlela ezihlukene njengezipele zamafu, isitoreji sangaphandle noma isofthiwe ekhethekile. Gcina amafayela akho ephephile nengqondo yakho ikhululekile ngokwenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni yamafayela njalo, njengoba lena kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela ukulahleka kwedatha nokuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kwebhizinisi.

Isiphetho

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Kafushane, ngemva kokuhlaziya idatha kanye nobufakazi obuveziwe, kungaphetha ngokuthi imiphumela etholakele isekela i-hypothesis evezwe ekuqaleni kocwaningo. Inhloso eyinhloko yalo msebenzi bekuwukuphenya umthelela wobuchwepheshe kwezemfundo futhi kuye kwaboniswa ngokungaguquki ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwabo kunemiphumela emihle ekufundeni kwabafundi.

Okokuqala, kwaqashelwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yezobuchwepheshe ekilasini kukhuthaza ukubamba iqhaza okugcwele kwabafundi,⁤ ngenxa yamathuluzi asebenzisanayo avuselela ugqozi kanye nentshisekelo yabo kokuqukethwe kwekharikhulamu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwafakazelwa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bukhuthaza ukufunda komuntu siqu okuhambisana nezidingo zomfundi ngamunye, okuvumela ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono athile kanye nokunqoba ubunzima bokufunda.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi,⁢ umthelela omuhle wezinkundla ze-inthanethi kanye nezinsiza zedijithali emsebenzini wokusebenzisana nawo wagqanyiswa, wenza kube lula ukuxhumana kanye nokushintshisana ngemibono phakathi kwabafundi. Lawa mathuluzi athuthukisa ⁤ukusebenza ngokubambisana, ⁢ubuhlakani nokuxazulula izinkinga, amakhono abalulekile omhlaba wanamuhla womsebenzi⁤. Ngo , ubuchwepheshe sebuphenduke umlingani obalulekile emkhakheni wezemfundo, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokufundisa nokulungiselela abafundi izinselele zekusasa.

Imibuzo Nezimpendulo

Umbuzo: Liyini igciwane lekhompyutha?
Impendulo: Igciwane lekhompyutha wuhlobo lwe-software enonya eklanyelwe ukuthelela nokulimaza amakhompyutha namasistimu olwazi. Amagciwane angaphazamisa ukusebenza kwesistimu, antshontshe ulwazi lomuntu siqu, noma abangele ezinye izinkinga ezinkulu zokusebenza. ye-PC.

Umbuzo: Agcinwa kuphi amagciwane? ku-PC yami?
A: Amagciwane ekhompyutha angagcinwa ezindaweni ezahlukene ku-PC yakho Avamise ukutholakala kumafayela asebenzisekayo, njengezinhlelo ezilandiwe noma okunamathiselwe kwi-imeyili. Zingafihlwa futhi emikhakheni ye-boot, ama-flash drive, noma ku- ilogi yesistimu.

Umbuzo: Ngingalibona kanjani igciwane ku-PC yami?
A: Ukuthola ⁢virus ku-PC yakho kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi. Nokho, ungakwazi ukuqaphela izimpawu ezithile, ezifana nokusebenza kwesistimu okunensayo noma okungavamile, izigelekeqe ezingafuneki, amafayela noma izinhlelo ezingalindelekile, izinguquko kuzilungiselelo zesistimu, noma amaphutha aqhubekayo. Ukwengeza, ukuba nesofthiwe enhle yokuvikela amagciwane efakiwe futhi evuselelwe njalo kungakusiza ukuthi uthole futhi ususe amagciwane ku-PC yakho.

Q: Iyini imiphumela yokuba negciwane ku-PC yami?
A: Ukuba negciwane ku-PC yakho kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Ingalimaza amafayela akho, intshontshe imininingwane ebucayi, ithinte ukusebenza kwesistimu iyonke, ibangele ukuphahlazeka njalo, futhi ifake engcupheni ubumfihlo bakho nokuphepha kwe-inthanethi. Ukwengeza, amagciwane angasakazeka kunethiwekhi, atheleleke amanye amadivayisi futhi kubangele umonakalo emhlabeni.

Q: Ngingayivikela kanjani i-PC yami kumagciwane?
A: Ukuvikela i-PC yakho kumagciwane, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha. Okokuqala, qiniseka ukuthi unesofthiwe ethembekile yokuvikela amagciwane efakwe ku-PC yakho futhi uyigcine ibuyekezwa njalo. Gwema ukulanda amafayela noma izinhlelo ezivela emithonjeni engathembekile futhi ungawavuli ama-imeyili avela kubathumeli abangaziwa. Futhi, qiniseka ukuthi ugcine isistimu yakho yokusebenza nezinye izinhlelo zisesikhathini samanje, futhi njalo wenze ikhophi yasenqolobaneni yamafayela akho abalulekile.

Umbuzo: Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma ngicabanga ukuthi i-PC yami inegciwane?
IMP: Uma usola ukuthi i-PC yakho itheleleke ngegciwane, kungcono ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha. Okokuqala, skena ikhompuyutha yakho ngesofthiwe yakho ebuyekeziwe ye-antivirus ukuze uthole futhi ususe noma yiziphi izinsongo. Uma inkinga iqhubeka, cabanga ngokufuna usizo lochwepheshe kuchwepheshe wezokuphepha kwekhompyutha. Ukwengeza, shintsha wonke amaphasiwedi akho ku-inthanethi ukuze uqinisekise ubumfihlo bakho futhi uvikele⁢ nama-akhawunti akho.

Ngokufigqiwe

Ngamafuphi, ukuqonda ukuthi amagciwane agcinwe kuphi ku-PC yakho kubalulekile ukuze ulwe ngokuphumelelayo nezinsongo zokuphepha. Kulo lonke leli phepha elimhlophe, sihlole izindawo ezehlukene ezijwayelekile ⁢lapho amagciwane engakwazi ukucasha kusistimu yakho yokusebenza. Kusukela kufolda yokulandiwe kuya kusibhalisi se-Windows, ayikho indawo ephephile yalezi zinhlelo ezinonya.

Kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele lapho udawuniloda amafayela futhi upheqa i-inthanethi, njengoba lokhu kungakusiza ukuvimbela amagciwane ukuthi angangeni kukhompyutha yakho. Ukwengeza, ukugcina isofthiwe yakho ye-antivirus isesikhathini samanje nokusebenzisa izikena ezivamile kungathola futhi kuqede noma yiziphi izinsongo ezikhona.

Khumbula ukuthi ukulwa namagciwane kuhlala njalo futhi ahlala eguquguquka. Ngakho-ke, ukuqaphela izibuyekezo zakamuva zokuphepha nokufunda ukubona izimpawu zokutheleleka kuzokuvumela ukuthi uvikele ikhompuyutha yakho futhi uvikele imininingwane yakho yomuntu siqu.

Sengiphetha, ukwazi ukuthi amagciwane agcinwe kuphi ku-PC yakho kanye nendlela yokuvimbela ukusabalala kwawo kubalulekile emhlabeni wanamuhla wezobuchwepheshe Ngokuthatha izinyathelo zokuzivikela nokuzifundisa ngezingozi, ungagcina ikhompuyutha yakho iphephile futhi ivikelekile kulezi zinsongo ezingabonakali, ulondoloze impilo yakho. ubumfihlo nokuthula kwengqondo emhlabeni wedijithali.