Izifo zesitshalo semali

"Izifo zezitshalo zemali" zakha iqoqo lezifo ezithinta isitshalo esaziwa ngesayensi ngokuthi i-Pilea peperomioides. Lolu hlobo, oluqashelwa kabanzi ngamahlamvu alo ayindilinga kanye namandla alo okuchuma ezindaweni ezingaphakathi endlini, lungasongelwa yizinkinga ezihlukahlukene ezibeka engcupheni ukukhula nempilo yawo. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlaziya ngokuningiliziwe izifo eziyinhloko ezingathinta lesi sitshalo, izimbangela zazo, izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa okungenzeka, ngenhloso yokuhlinzeka abalimi bePilea peperomioides ngamathuluzi adingekayo okuvimbela nokulwa nalezi zimo.

1. Isingeniso sezifo zezitshalo zemali

Izifo zezitshalo zemali ziyinkinga evamile ethinta lolu hlobo lwezitshalo zasendlini. Lezi zifo zingabangelwa amagciwane ahlukene afana nesikhunta, amagciwane kanye namagciwane, kanye nezimo zemvelo ezinganele. Ukubona nokwelapha lezi zifo kusenesikhathi kubalulekile ekugcineni impilo yezitshalo nokuvikela ukusakazeka kwalesi sifo kwezinye izitshalo eziseduze.

Kulesi sigaba, sizokunikeza imininingwane enemininingwane mayelana nezifo eziyinhloko ezithinta isitshalo semali, kanye nezeluleko ezisebenzayo zokuzivimbela nokulawula ukusabalala kwazo. Uzofunda ukubona izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zalezi zifo, njengamachashaza amaqabunga, ukushintsha kombala, ukuphuzi kanye nokubuna. Sizokufundisa futhi ukuthi ungayixilonga kanjani inkinga futhi sikunikeze umhlahlandlela Igxathu emvakwe gxathu ngendlela yokwelapha isifo ngasinye ngempumelelo.

Ukwengeza, uzothola izibonelo eziyimifanekiso namathuluzi awusizo ukukusiza ukuhlonza nokwelapha izifo zezitshalo zemali. Sizokunikeza izincomo mayelana nokuthi yimiphi imikhiqizo nezinto ozozisebenzisa ukulawula lezi zifo, kanye nemiyalelo enemininingwane yokusetshenziswa kwazo. Ungakhohlwa ukulandela izinyathelo ezifanele zokuvikela, njengokugcina isitshalo ekukhanyeni okufanele, izinga lokushisa kanye nezimo zomswakama, nokugwema ukuchelela ngokweqile noma ukunqwabelana kwamanzi emhlabathini. Ngolwazi olufanele namathuluzi, ungagcina izitshalo zakho zemali ziphilile futhi zizinhle.

2. Amagciwane amakhulu nezifo ezithinta isitshalo semali

Isitshalo semali, esaziwa nangokuthi i-Pachira aquatica, sisengozini yokutheleleka ngamagciwane ahlukahlukene kanye nezifo ezingenza impilo yaso ibe buthaka futhi iphazamise ukukhula kwaso. Ngezansi ezinye zezinkinga eziyinhloko ze-phytosanitary ezingathinta lesi sitshalo:

• Ukugqwala: Ukugqwala yisikhunta esingabangela amachashaza ansundu noma aphuzi emaqabunga esitshalo semali. Ukulawula lesi sifo, kubalulekile ukususa amaqabunga athintekile futhi usebenzise ama-fungicides afanelekile.
• Ukubola kwezimpande: Ukunisela ngokweqile noma inhlabathi engakhanyi kahle kungaholela ekuboleni kwezimpande zesitshalo, kubangele ukubuna kanye nokuphuzi kwamaqabunga. Ukuvimbela lesi sifo, kubalulekile ukunikeza ukuchelela okwanele futhi uqinisekise ukuthi inhlabathi idonsa kahle.
• Amabala amaqabunga: Amachashaza amaqabunga avame ukubangelwa ukhunta kanye namagciwane, futhi avela njengamachashaza ansundu noma i-necrosis emaqabunga. Ukuze ulawule lesi sifo, kunconywa ukususa amaqabunga anesifo, ugweme umswakama owedlulele, futhi usebenzise ama-fungicides noma ama-bactericides uma kudingeka.

Ukuqapha njalo nokunakekelwa okufanele kubalulekile ukugcina impilo yesitshalo semali. Hlola amaqabunga njalo ukuze uthole izimpawu zesifo noma amagciwane futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze uvimbele ukusabalala kwawo. Ukwengeza, qiniseka ukuthi unikeza indawo ekahle yokukhula kwesitshalo, okuhlanganisa izinga lokushisa elanele, umswakama olawulwayo, nokuchayeka okwanele. ekukhanyeni ilanga.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuvimbela kuyisihluthulelo sokugcina impilo yesitshalo semali. Ngokulandela imikhuba emihle yokunakekela, njengokunisela ngendlela efanele, ukususa amaqabunga anegciwane, nokusebenzisa imikhiqizo ye-phytosanitary uma kunesidingo, ungagcina isitshalo sakho sisesimweni esihle futhi ujabulele ubuhle baso ekhaya noma ehhovisi lakho.

3. Izimpawu nezimpawu zezifo esitshalweni semali

Izitshalo zemali, ezaziwa nangokuthi I-Pilea peperomioides, zingaphathwa izifo ezihlukahlukene ezithinta impilo nokubukeka kwazo. Kubalulekile ukwazi izici nezimpawu zalezi zifo ukuze uthathe izinyathelo zokuzivikela futhi uziphathe ngendlela efanele.

Esinye sezifo ezivame kakhulu esitshalweni semali yi ukubola kwezimpande. Lesi sifo sibonakala ngokuba buthaka jikelele kwesitshalo, amaqabunga aphuzi futhi abunile, kanye nephunga elibi endaweni yezimpande. Olunye uphawu oluvamile ukuba khona kwamachashaza amnyama noma abolile ezimpandeni nangaphansi kwesiqu. Ukuze uvimbele ukubola kwezimpande, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isitshalo sisenhlabathini ekhishwe kahle futhi ugweme ukuchelela ngokweqile.

Esinye isifo esingathinta isitshalo semali yi i-chlorosis. Lesi simo sibonakala ngamaqabunga aphuzi noma aguqukile, kanti imithambo ihlala iluhlaza. I-chlorosis ngokuvamile ibangelwa ukuntuleka kwezakhi ezibalulekile, njengensimbi noma i-magnesium, emhlabathini. Ukwelapha i-chlorosis, kunconywa ukusebenzisa umanyolo ocebile kulezi zakhi futhi uqinisekise ukuthi isitshalo sithola inani elifanele lokukhanya kwelanga.

4. Ukuvimbela nokulawulwa kwezifo esitshalweni semali

Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa impilo namandla akho. Nawa amanye amathiphu nezinyathelo ongazithatha ukuze ugcine isitshalo sakho singenaso isifo futhi ujabulele ukukhula kwaso okuluhlaza.

1. Gcina indawo ehlanzekile nenempilo: Ukuvimbela izifo, kubalulekile ukugcina isitshalo semali endaweni ehlanzekile nenempilo. Sula ama-blades njalo ngendwangu emanzi ukuze ususe uthuli nemfucumfucu. Gwema umswakama owedlulele enhlabathini futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ibhodwe linendlela yokudonsa amanzi ukuze uvimbele ukugcwala kwamanzi.

2. Hlola isitshalo njalo: Yenza ukuhlolwa njalo ukuze uthole noma yiziphi izimpawu zesifo. Naka izinguquko embala noma ukuthungwa kwamaqabunga, ukuba khona kwamabala, ukushintshwa kombala noma izindawo ezilimele. Uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu zesifo, ngokushesha hlukanisa isitshalo esithintekile ukuvimbela ukusakazeka kwalesi sifo kwezinye izitshalo eziseduze.

3. Sebenzisa ukwelashwa okufanele: Uma isitshalo sakho semali sibonisa izimpawu zesifo, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ukwelashwa okufanele ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Xhumana nochwepheshe wezingadi ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa okunembile futhi ulandele imiyalelo ethile yokulawula isifo. Kungase kudingeke ukuthi kusetshenziswe ama-fungicides athile noma izibulala-zinambuzane, kanye nokulungisa izinga lokushisa kanye nezimo zomswakama ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukululama kwezitshalo.

5. Ukubaluleka kwempilo yezitshalo ukuvikela izifo zezitshalo zemali

Impilo yezitshalo idlala indima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni nasekulawuleni izifo ezithinta isitshalo semali esidumile. Ngokwesayensi, lesi sitshalo saziwa njenge-Pachira aquatica, esinemvelaphi eshisayo ngenxa yokumelana naso futhi sithathwa njengophawu lwenhlanhla nokuchuma. Kodwa-ke, ayikhululwa ekuthinteni izifo ezihlukahlukene ezingase zibeke impilo yayo kanye nokubukeka kwayo engozini. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlaziya ukubaluleka kwempilo yezitshalo nokuthi singazivikela kanjani lezi zifo.

Impilo yezitshalo isho isethi yamasu namasu asetshenziswa ukuvimbela, ukuxilonga nokulawula izifo. kwezitshalo. Endabeni yesitshalo semali, ezinye zezifo ezivame kakhulu ukubola kwezimpande, ukubola kwesiqu kanye namaqabunga, namachashaza amaqabunga. Lezi zifo zingabangelwa isikhunta, amagciwane noma izimo zemvelo ezingezinhle.

Ukuvimbela izifo zezitshalo zemali, kubalulekile ukulandela imihlahlandlela ethile yezempilo yezitshalo. Okokuqala, kuhle ukusebenzisa ama-substrates ekhwalithi kanye nenhlabathi engenazo amagciwane futhi enamanzi amahle. Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlinzeka ngokuchelela okwanele, ukugwema kokubili ukomisa ngokweqile nokudlulele kwe-substrate. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhanya okufanele kanye nokungena komoya nakho kuyisihluthulelo sokugcina impilo yesitshalo. Okokugcina, kubalulekile ukuhlola isitshalo njalo ukuze uthole izimpawu zesifo, njengamabala, ukushintsha kombala, noma ukukhula okungajwayelekile. Uma kukhona isifo esitholakalayo, kuhle ukuthi kuthathwe izinyathelo zokulawula ngokushesha, njengokusebenzisa ama-fungicides noma ukuhlukanisa isitshalo esithintekile.

6. Izifo ezivamile zesitshalo semali: ukuxilongwa nokuphathwa

Izifo ziyinkinga evamile engathinta impilo nokubukeka kwezitshalo zemali. Ukuhlonza nokwelapha lezi zifo kusenesikhathi kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhula nokukhula okufanele kwesitshalo. Ngezansi ezinye zezifo ezivame kakhulu zesitshalo semali, kanye nokuxilongwa kwazo nokuphathwa ngendlela efanele:

1. Ukubola kwezimpande: Lesi sifo ngokuvamile sibangelwa ukuchelela ngokweqile noma ukuba khona kwesikhunta ku-substrate. Ukuze uhlole ukubola kwezimpande, bheka izimpande ezimnyama nokukhula kancane noma ukubuna kwesitshalo. Ukuze ulawule lesi sifo, kubalulekile ukulungisa ukuchelela ukuze ugweme umswakama owedlulele futhi uqinisekise ukuthi i-substrate idonsa kahle. Ukufakwa kwezibulala-sikhunta ezithile zokubola kwezimpande nakho kungase kube usizo.
2. Amabala amaqabunga: Amachashaza amaqabunga yisifo esivamile esibonakala njengamachashaza amancane ansundu noma aphuzi emaqabunga esitshalo. Lawa mabala angadalwa yisikhunta noma amagciwane. Ukuze uhlole amachashaza amaqabunga, bheka amachashaza angavamile emaqabunga nokuthi asakazeka yini ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuphatha lesi sifo, kuhle ukususa amaqabunga athintekile, ukugcina umoya omuhle eduze kwesitshalo futhi ugweme ukuchelela ngaphezu kwamaqabunga. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukwelashwa kwesikhunta noma amagciwane kungasetshenziswa kuye ngohlobo lwe-causative microorganism.
3. I-Woodlice: I-Mealybugs izinambuzane ezincane ezidla ubisi lwezitshalo futhi zingathinta kakhulu ukukhula kwesitshalo semali. Ukuze uhlole ubukhona be-mealybugs, bheka amachashaza amhlophe noma ane-waxy emaqabunga noma eziqwini zesitshalo. Ukuphatha lesi zinambuzane, kunconywa ukuthi usule amaqabunga ngobumnene ngendwangu emanzi ukuze ususe izinambuzane zesikali. Uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka kanzima, ingasetshenziswa i-insecticide ethile yokuqeda i-mealybugs.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuxilongwa okunembile kwezifo zezitshalo zemali kungaba nzima, ngakho-ke kuhle ukuthi uthintane nochwepheshe wezingadi uma ungabaza. Ukwengeza, ukugcina ukunakekelwa okuhle kwezitshalo okuphelele, njengokuhlinzeka ngenani elifanele lokukhanya, amanzi, nezakhi, kungasiza ekuvimbeleni izifo eziningi futhi kugcine isitshalo sinempilo futhi sinempilo isikhathi eside.

7. Izifo zokukhunta ezivame kakhulu esitshalweni semali kanye nokwelashwa kwazo

Izifo zesikhunta zingenye yezingozi eziyinhloko kwezempilo yesitshalo semali (Crassula ovata). Ngenhlanhla, ngokuphathwa ngendlela efanele kanye nokwelashwa, kungenzeka ukulawula nokuvimbela lezi zifo. Ngezansi kukhona izifo ezivame kakhulu zokukhunta esitshalweni semali kanye nezindlela zokwelashwa eziphumelela kakhulu.

1. Ukubola kwezimpande (Phytophthora spp.): Lesi sifo sesikhunta sithinta izimpande zesitshalo futhi singaba umphumela wokunisela ngokweqile noma ukugeleza okungalungile kwe-substrate. Ukuyelapha, kubalulekile ukususa izimpande ezithintekile bese ucwilisa isitshalo kusixazululo sesikhunta imizuzu eyi-15-20. Kamuva, isitshalo kufanele sitshalwe kabusha endaweni engaphansi evulwe kahle futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuchelela okwanele.

2. I-Powdery mildew (i-Oidium spp.): Lesi sifo sibonakala ngokubonakala kwempushana emhlophe emaqabunga esitshalo. Ukuze ulwe ne-powdery mildew, kunconywa ukusebenzisa isikhunta esithile se-powdery isikhutha emaqabunga athintekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa umoya futhi ugweme izindawo ezinomswakama, njengoba lokhu kuvumela ukusabalala kwesikhunta. Isibulala-zinambuzane singasetshenziswa futhi ukulawula izinambuzane ezingase zenze isitshalo sibe buthaka futhi sisenze singenwe kalula yilesi sifo.

3. Amabala amaqabunga (Cercospora spp.): Amachashaza amaqabunga ayisifo sokukhunta esivamile esitshalweni semali. Avela njengamachashaza amancane ayindilinga noma ansundu angajwayelekile emaqabunga. Ukwelapha lesi sifo, kunconywa ukususa amaqabunga athintekile bese ufaka isibulala-sikhunta esikhethekile ukuze ulawule isikhunta se-foliar. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukugcina izinga elihle lokuhlanzeka esitshalweni, ukugwema ukuthintana namahlamvu anesifo futhi unikeze ukuchelela okwanele ngaphandle kokumanzisa amaqabunga.

8. Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane esitshalweni semali: ukuhlonza nezindlela zokulawula

9. Amagciwane kanye nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane esitshalweni semali: izindlela zokuthola nokuvimbela

Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane esitshalweni semali zingaba nomthelela ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukeni kwaso, futhi kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuthola nokuvimbela ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwazo. Ngezansi eminye imihlahlandlela ebalulekile yokuhlonza nokulwa nalawa magciwane:

1. Ukubuka nokutholwa kusenesikhathi: Kubalulekile ukubheka noma yiziphi izimpawu zesifo sezitshalo, njengamachashaza amaqabunga noma ukuguquguquka kombala, ukukhula okugobile, noma ukukhubazeka. Ukuhlola njalo nokujwayela izimpawu ezivamile zezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kuzosiza ukuhlonza noma yiziphi izinkinga kusenesikhathi.

2. Ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela eziphephile zokusakaza: Ukuze uvimbele ukusakazeka kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa amasu okusakaza anciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka. Lokhu kubandakanya ukubulala amathuluzi engadini ngendlela efanele ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, ukusebenzisa imbewu eqinisekisiwe nezitshalo ezingenalo amagciwane, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi i-substrate esetshenziswayo ihlanzekile futhi ayinawo amagciwane.

3. Ukulawulwa kwama-vector ezinambuzane: Ezinye izinambuzane, njengama-aphid namathrips, zingadlulisela amagciwane ezitshalweni. Ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa kwalezi zinambuzane, kunconywa ukuba kusetshenziswe izinyathelo zokulawula, njengokusebenzisa izithiyo zomzimba, ukufakwa kwezicupho noma ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane zemvelo. Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukugcina isitshalo sisesimweni esihle sezempilo ukuze singangenwa kalula yizifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.

10. Izifo ezibangelwa ama-nematodes esitshalweni semali

Ziyinkinga evamile ethinta impilo nokukhula kwalesi sitshalo. I-Nematodes izikelemu ezincane ezidla izimpande futhi zingenza isitshalo sibe buthaka, kubangele umonakalo omkhulu. Ngenhlanhla, zikhona izindlela ezisebenzayo zokulawula nokuvikela lezi zifo.

Isinyathelo sokuqala xazulula le nkinga ukukhomba izimpawu ze-nematode infestation. Ezinye izimpawu ezivamile zihlanganisa izimpande ezibunile noma ezikhubazekile, amaqabunga aphuzi, nokukhula kancane kwezitshalo. Uma ubukhona be-nematode sekuqinisekisiwe, kubalulekile ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha ukuvimbela umonakalo owengeziwe.

Enye indlela yokulawula ama-nematode esitshalweni semali ukusebenzisa imithi yokwelapha etholakalayo. emakethe. Le mikhiqizo ngokuvamile iqukethe izithako ezibulala ama-nematode noma ezivimbela ukukhula kwazo. Kunconywa ukuthi ulandele imiyalelo yomkhiqizi futhi usebenzise izinto zokuzivikela ezidingekayo lapho usebenzisa lezi zindlela zokwelapha. Enye indlela i-solarization yomhlabathi, okubandakanya ukumboza indawo ethintekile ngamashidi epulasitiki acacile izinyanga ezimbalwa ukwandisa izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi nokuqeda ama-nematode.

11. Izinambuzane nezifo ezihlobene embonini yemali: amasu okuphatha adidiyelwe

Ukulawulwa okudidiyelwe kwezinambuzane nezifo esitshalweni semali kubalulekile ukuze sigcine impilo yaso futhi sikhuthaze ukukhula okuhle. Lesi sihloko sethula amasu amaningana angasiza ekuvimbeleni nasekulawuleni lezi zinkinga ezivamile.

Khomba futhi uqaphe izinambuzane nezifo

• Hlaziya isitshalo njalo ukuze uthole noma yiziphi izimpawu zokutheleleka noma izifo. Naka ngokukhethekile amaqabunga, iziqu kanye nezimpande.
• Khomba kahle izinambuzane nezifo ukuze uthole indlela yokulawula engcono kakhulu.
• Sebenzisa izicupho ze-pheromone noma izicupho ezinamathelayo eziphuzi ukuze uqaphe ukuba khona kwezinambuzane ezindizayo.
• Gcina amarekhodi anemininingwane yokubhekwa ukuze uhlole ubunzima bezinkinga futhi ulandelele ukuqhubeka kwamasu okulawula.

Sebenzisa izindlela zokulawula amasiko

• Gcina ukuphathwa kwenhlabathi okwanele, ukuqinisekisa ukugeleza kwamanzi okwanele nokugwema ukugcwala kwamanzi.
• Susa ukhula njalo nemfucumfucu yezitshalo ezingase zigcine izinambuzane nezifo.
• Gcina ibhalansi yokunisela efanele futhi ugweme ukucindezeleka kwamanzi ngokweqile.
• Nikeza umoya owanele kanye nokujikeleza komoya endaweni ezungeze isitshalo.

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Sebenzisa izindlela zokulawula izinto eziphilayo kanye namakhemikhali

• Yethula izilwane ezidla ezinye zemvelo, njengezinambuzane eziwusizo nezibungu, ezidla izinambuzane.
• Faka imikhiqizo yebhayoloji esekelwe kumagciwane anenzuzo alwa nezinambuzane nezifo.
• Sebenzisa ama-insecticide nama-fungicides athile ngaphansi kwezinkomba nemithamo enconyiwe.
• Yenza imithi yokuvimbela kanye/noma yokwelapha, njengoba kudingeka.

12. Izifo zempande nesistimu ye-vascular esitshalweni semali

Izifo zezimpande kanye nesistimu ye-vascular yizinkinga ezivamile ezithinta isitshalo semali. Lezi zifo zingadala umonakalo omkhulu esitshalweni futhi ekugcineni ziholele ekufeni kwaso uma zingelashwanga ngendlela. Kulesi sigaba, sizokunikeza imininingwane enemininingwane yokuthi ungayilungisa kanjani le nkinga isinyathelo nesinyathelo.

1. Ukuhlonzwa kwezifo: Isinyathelo sokuqala siwukubona isifo noma isimo esithinta isitshalo semali. Ezinye zezifo ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa ukubola kwezimpande, i-stem necrosis, nokuvinjelwa kwesistimu ye-vascular. Sibhekisise lesi sitshalo ukuze uthole izimpawu ezinjengamaqabunga abunile, amabala, noma ukushintsha kombala ezimpandeni nesiqu.

2. Ukwelashwa nokuvimbela: Uma ususitholile isifo, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuselapha nokusivikela esikhathini esizayo. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zihlanganisa ukusebenzisa izibulala-sikhunta noma izibulala-magciwane eziqondene nalesi sifo okukhulunywa ngaso, ukulungisa amazinga omswakamo, kanye i-pH yenhlabathi, kanye nokwenza ngcono ukugeleza kwamanzi ebhodweni. Futhi, qiniseka ukuthi unisela isitshalo ngendlela efanele futhi ugweme ukuchelela ngokweqile, njengoba amanzi amaningi angakhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo zezimpande.

13. Izifo Zeqabunga kanye Namabala Amaqabunga Esitshalweni Semali

Izifo zamaqabunga namachashaza amaqabunga zingathinta kakhulu isitshalo semali, esaziwa nangokuthi i-Pachira aquatica. Lezi zifo zivame ukubangelwa isikhunta namagciwane asakazeka ngezinhlamvu noma ukuthintana ngqo. Ukugcina impilo yesitshalo sakho semali, kubalulekile ukuhlonza nokwelapha lezi zifo kusenesikhathi.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezifo zamaqabunga kanye namachashaza amaqabunga angathinta isitshalo semali. Ezinye ezivame kakhulu i-anthracnose, i-cercosporiosis ne-septoria. Lezi zifo zivame ukuzibonakalisa ngamabala ansundu, amnyama noma ampunga emaqabunga, anganwebeka futhi akhubaze isitshalo uma singaphathwa kahle.

Ukuxazulula lezi zinkinga, kubalulekile ukulandela ezinye izinyathelo ezibalulekile. Okokuqala, kufanele ukhombe uhlobo lwesifo esithinta isitshalo sakho semali. Qaphela amabala, ukuma kwawo kanye nombala, kanye nezinye izimpawu ezifana nokushwabana kwamaqabunga. Sebenzisa ingilazi yokusondeza uma kunesidingo ukuze uhlole imininingwane. Uma isifo sesihlonziwe, bheka izindlela zokwelapha eziqondile nezisombululo zohlobo ngalunye. Ungakhetha ama-fungicides noma ama-bactericides, ngokulandela imiyalelo yokusetshenziswa komkhiqizi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukugcina ukuchelela okuhle, ukugwema ukugcwala kwamanzi kanye nokugcina amanzi anele. Ungakhetha futhi ukuthena amaqabunga athintekile ukuze uvimbele ukusabalala kwesifo. Khumbula ukuqapha njalo isimo sesitshalo sakho ukuze uthole noma yiziphi izimpawu zesifo futhi uthathe isinyathelo ngokushesha.

14. Izifo zangemuva kokuvuna zemboni yemali nokuphathwa kwayo ngendlela efanele

Izifo zangemuva kokuvuna zesitshalo semali zingamela inselele kubalimi, nokho, ngokuphathwa ngendlela efanele zingavinjelwa futhi zilawulwe kahle. Ngezansi kunemininingwane izinyathelo okufanele zilandelwe ukuxazulula le nkinga.

1. Ukuhlonzwa kwezifo: Kubalulekile ukwazi ukubona izifo zangemuva kokuvuna zesitshalo semali ngokunembile. Ezinye zezimpawu ezijwayelekile amabala amaqabunga, ukubola kwezimpande kanye nesiqu, noma ukuba khona kwesikhunta emaqabunga. Uma isifo sesihlonziwe, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo ezifanele zokulawula.

2. Ukulawulwa kokuvimbela: Ukuvimbela kubalulekile ukugwema ukusabalala kwezifo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kunconywa ukugcina ukuhlanzeka okwanele endaweni ekhulayo, ukususa izinsalela zezitshalo nokugwema umswakama owedlulele. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi njalo uhlole izitshalo ukuthi azikho izimpawu zesifo futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokuzivikela, njengokujwayela ukusebenzisa ama-fungicides noma izibulala-zinambuzane.

Sengiphetha, izifo zezitshalo zemali ziletha izinselelo eziningi ezidinga ukunakwa nokunakekelwa kubalimi. Kubalulekile ukuqonda izici ezahlukene ezingaba nomthelela ekukhuleni kwalezi zifo futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze uzivikele futhi uzilawule.

Ukuhlonzwa kusenesikhathi kwezimpawu nokwamukelwa kwemikhuba emihle yokukhula kubalulekile ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wezifo esitshalweni semali. Ukuqapha njalo isimo sezempilo sezitshalo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kahle komanyolo nezibulala-zinambuzane, kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuvimbela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqaliswa kwezinyathelo zokulawula izinto eziphilayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kokwelashwa kwe-organic kungaba enye indlela ephumelelayo, ukugwema ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali anolaka angalimaza indawo ezungezile kanye nempilo yabantu.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi, nakuba kunezifo ezihlukahlukene ezingathinta isitshalo semali, akuzona zonke ezibulalayo noma ezingenakuguqulwa. Ngolwazi olufanele kanye nezinqubo zokuphatha, kuyenzeka ukugcina impilo nobungqabavu balezi zitshalo ezibiza kakhulu.

Kafushane, ukutshalwa kwezitshalo zemali ngempumelelo kudinga indlela ebanzi ehlanganisa izindlela zokuvimbela, ukuqapha njalo, kanye nokusabela ngokushesha ezimpawini ezingase zibe khona zesifo. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, lesi sitshalo esibaluleke kakhulu singanikeza ubuhle nokuchuma kokubili ngaphakathi nangaphandle.