Izigaba Zoguquko Lwezimboni

INguquko Yezimboni kwakuyinkathi yezinguquko ezinkulu ezaphawula ukuqala kwezimboni ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba. Kanye yomlando, kuye kwatholakala izigaba ezihlukahlukene zalesi simo, ezaziwa ngokuthi izigaba zeNguquko Yezimboni. Lezi zigaba zibonakala ngokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe, izinguquko ezinhlelweni zokukhiqiza kanye nezinguquko zezenhlalo ezibe nomthelela omkhulu emnothweni nasezimpilweni zabantu. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izigaba ze-Industrial Revolution ngokuningiliziwe futhi sihlaziye ukuthi ngamunye wabo waba nesandla kanjani ekuthuthukiseni umphakathi wanamuhla.

1. Isingeniso Sezigaba Zenguquko Yezimboni

Igama elithi "Industrial Revolution" lisetshenziselwa ukubhekisela enkathini yenguquko yezomnotho nezenhlalakahle ezenzeka eYurophu kusukela ngekhulu le-18. Lokhu kuguquguquka kwabonakala ngokusuka emnothweni wezolimo nowemisebenzi yezandla ukuya emnothweni wezimboni, okusekelwe ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemishini.

Ngesikhathi seNguquko Yezimboni, kwenziwa uchungechunge lwezigaba eziphawula intuthuko nentuthuko yemboni. Isigaba sokuqala, esaziwa ngokuthi i-Industrial Revolution uqobo lwaso, sabonakala ngokwethulwa kwemishini eyathatha indawo yokukhiqiza okwenziwa ngesandla, njengezinjini zesitimu nezinsimbi zikagesi. Lokhu kwavumela ukwanda okuphawulekayo kokukhiqiza, okwenza izinguquko ezinkulu emphakathini nasezinhlelweni zokukhiqiza.

Isigaba sesibili, esaziwa ngokuthi i-Second Industrial Revolution, senzeka ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Phakathi nalesi sigaba, intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe efana nogesi, uwoyela kanye nokukhiqizwa kweketango kwenzeka. Le ntuthuko yathuthukisa futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni futhi yaholela ekwakhiweni kwezinkampani ezinkulu kanye nama-monopolies.

Kafushane, izigaba zeNguquko Yezimboni zaphawula inkathi yoshintsho nenguquko emlandweni ezomnotho nezenhlalo zaseYurophu. Ukwethulwa kwemishini kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kwavumela ukwanda okuphawulekayo kokukhiqizwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo ezintsha zomsebenzi kanye nenhlangano. Kuzo zonke lezi zigaba, kwenziwa izinguquko ezinkulu ezabeka izisekelo zomphakathi nomnotho wesimanje.

2. Isigaba Sokuqala: Inguquko Yezimboni Yasekuqaleni

ISigaba Sokuqala Soguquko Lwezimboni Lwasekuqaleni lwaphawula ingqopha-mlando emlandweni wezomnotho womhlaba. Lesi sikhathi, esaqala ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 kuya ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, sabonakala ngokuqaliswa kwentuthuko ebalulekile yezobuchwepheshe kanye nezinqubo ezintsha ekukhiqizeni izimboni. Ngalesi sikhathi, imiphakathi ibe noguquko olukhulu, isuka emnothweni wezolimo ikakhulukazi yaya emnothweni wezimboni.

Esinye sezici zokuqala eziyisisekelo zalesi sigaba kwaba ukuqhutshwa kwemishini yezinqubo zokukhiqiza. Ngokusetshenziswa kwemishini, njengenjini ye-steam kanye ne-loom yamandla, ukukhiqiza nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kwanda kakhulu. Lokhu kuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe Bavumela ukukhiqizwa okukhulu nokudalwa kwemikhiqizo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ehlukahlukene.

Esinye isici esiphawulekayo salesi sigaba sokuqala kwaba ukuthuthukiswa kwesimiso sefekthri. Amafekthri abe imodeli entsha yokuhlela ukukhiqiza, agxilisa inani elikhulu labasebenzi endaweni efanayo futhi ekhuthaza ukungcweliswa kwezabasebenzi. Ukwethulwa kwezimboni Akugcinanga nje ngokushintsha indlela izimpahla ezakhiqizwa ngayo, kodwa futhi nezimpilo zabantu, okwenza abantu basemaphandleni bafuduke baye emadolobheni ezimboni.

3. Isigaba Sesibili: Inguquko Yezimboni Yakudala

Kulesi sigaba sesibili, esaziwa ngeClassical Industrial Revolution, kwaba nenqubekelaphambili enkulu embonini nasezobuchwepheshe. Ngalesi sikhathi, kwaqalwa izinto ezintsha ezibalulekile ezaphawula ingqopha-mlando emlandweni futhi zabeka izisekelo zokuthuthukiswa komphakathi wesimanje.

Enye yezinguquko eziyinhloko kwakuwukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwamandla esitimu, okwavumela ukuthuthukiswa kwenjini ye-steam nokusetshenziswa kwayo emikhakheni ehlukene yokukhiqiza. Lo mthombo omusha wamandla uguqule indlela imisebenzi yezimboni eyenziwa ngayo, wakhuphula ukukhiqiza nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle.

Esinye isici esibalulekile salesi sigaba kwakuwukuvela kokukhiqizwa ngobuningi, ngenxa yokuqaliswa kwamasu amasha njengomshini wezinqubo. Ukusetshenziswa kwemishini ekhethekile kanye nokwamukelwa kwezinhlelo zokukhiqiza ezisezingeni kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukukhulisa umthamo wokukhiqiza, ukunciphisa izindleko kanye nokuhlinzeka ngezimpahla ngamanani afinyeleleka kakhudlwana kubantu.

4. Isigaba Sesithathu: Inguquko Yezimboni Yasemuva

Isigaba sesithathu seNguquko Yezimboni, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Late Industrial Revolution, ibonakala ngokuthuthuka nokuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe bedijithali nolwazi ekukhiqizweni nasezinqubweni zezimboni. Lesi sigaba siqhutshwa ukuvela kwekhompyutha, amarobhothi, ukuhlakanipha okungekhona okwangempela kanye ne-inthanethi yezinto.

Kulesi sigaba, imishini nezinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo seziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi zikwazi ukwenza imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi. ngempumelelo. Ukuxhumana nokwabelana ngedatha ngesikhathi sangempela baye bavumela ukubambisana okukhulu nokuxhumana phakathi kwezigaba ezihlukahlukene zokukhiqiza, ukuthuthukisa uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle okuphelele.

Ukwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe kuguqule ngokuyisisekelo imikhakha yezimboni ehlukahlukene, njengokukhiqiza, ukuhanjiswa kwempahla, amandla kanye nokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Ukuhlakanipha okungekhona okwangempela nokufunda komshini kunikeze amandla ukuzenzekela kwemisebenzi ephindaphindwayo kanye nokwenziwa kwezinqumo okuqhutshwa idatha isikhathi sangempela, okuye kwaholela ekwandeni okukhulu kokukhiqiza nokusebenza kahle. Ukwengeza, I-inthanethi Yezinto yenze lula ukusebenzisana kwamadivayisi, ivumela ukuhlanganiswa okukhulu nokulawula amasistimu.

5. Ukuqamba Okusha Kwezobuchwepheshe Ezigabeni Zenguquko Yezimboni

Ezigabeni zeNguquko Yezimboni, uchungechunge lwezinqubo ezintsha zobuchwepheshe lwenzeka olwashintsha kakhulu indlela izinqubo zezimboni ezathuthukiswa ngayo. Lezi zindlela ezintsha beziwukhiye wokusheshisa ukukhiqiza kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kwemboni. Ngezansi, okunye kokuqanjwa okuyinhloko kwezobuchwepheshe okuvele ngesikhathi ngasinye se-Industrial Revolution kuzokwethulwa:

1. Isigaba sokuqala: Inguquko Yezimboni (1760-1840)
Phakathi nalesi sigaba, izinto ezintsha ezintsha zobuchwepheshe kwakuyinjini yesitimu kanye ne-loom yamandla. Injini yesitimu, eyasungulwa nguJames Watt ngo-1769, yashintsha imboni ngokunikeza umthombo wamandla osebenza kahle kakhudlwana emishini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uhlaka lwamandla kaCartwright lwavumela ukukhiqizwa kwendwangu ngobuningi futhi kwasheshisa inqubo yokuluka.

2. Isigaba sesibili: Inguquko Yezimboni (1850-1900)
Kulesi sigaba, intuthuko ebalulekile yezobuchwepheshe efana nezitimela nokukhiqizwa ngobuningi yenzekile. Ujantshi wesitimela wavumela ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla nabantu ngokushesha nangempumelelo, okwathuthukisa uhwebo nokwanda kwezindawo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhiqizwa kweketango, okuthuthukiswe nguHenry Ford, kuthuthukise inqubo yokukhiqiza ngokuyihlukanisa ibe imisebenzi ekhethekile nephindaphindwayo.

3. Isigaba sesithathu: Industrial Revolution (1950-manje)
Isigaba sesithathu seNguquko Yezimboni sibonakala ngokusungulwa kobuchwepheshe bedijithali nokuxhumana. Izinto ezintsha ezifana nekhompyutha yomuntu siqu, i-inthanethi nobuhlakani bokwenziwa ziyagqama. Lobu buchwepheshe buguqule indlela esenza ngayo umsebenzi, ukuxhumana kanye nokufinyelela olwazini.

Kafushane, izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe zibambe iqhaza elibalulekile ezigabeni zeNguquko Yezimboni. Kusukela enjinini yesitimu kuya kubuhlakani bokwenziwa, intuthuko ngayinye yezobuchwepheshe ibe negalelo ekusheshiseni nasekuthuthukiseni izinqubo zezimboni. Lezi zindlela ezintsha ziyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka okwamanje futhi siqhubeke nokuqhuba inqubekelaphambili yemboni.

6. Umthelela Wenguquko Yezimboni Emphakathini

INguquko Yezimboni yaba nomthelela omkhulu emphakathini, yashintsha kakhulu indlela abantu ababephila ngayo, abasebenza ngayo kanye nokuxhumana. Omunye wemiphumela ephawulekayo yalesi sikhathi kwakuwukukhula okusheshayo kwamadolobha, njengoba abantu bephuma emaphandleni beyofuna umsebenzi ezimbonini nasezimbonini zokugaya. Lokhu kwaholela ekukhuleni okukhulu kwamadolobha kanye nokwakhiwa kwezigaba ezintsha zezenhlalo, njengesigaba sabasebenzi kanye nonxiwankulu bezimboni.

Ukukhula kwemboni nakho kwaletha intuthuko ebalulekile yezobuchwepheshe, njengokusungulwa kwenjini yesitimu kanye nemishini ezishintshayo. Le ntuthuko yaholela ekwandeni kokukhiqiza nokusebenza kahle, kodwa futhi yaholela ekulahlekelweni kwemisebenzi kubasebenzi abaningi bezolimo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimo zokusebenza ezimbonini zazivame ukuba yingozi futhi zixhaphaza, zinamahora amade okusebenza namaholo amancane.

I-Industrial Revolution nayo yaba nomthelela empilweni yansuku zonke nasebudlelwaneni bomphakathi. Ngokukhiqizwa kwezimpahla ngobuningi, kwaba nokuncishiswa kwezindleko zemikhiqizo, okuvumela ukufinyelela okukhulu kwezimpahla zabathengi kubantu bezigaba ezahlukene zomphakathi. Nokho, kwaba nokwanda kokungalingani kwezomnotho nezenhlalo, njengoba ingcebo yayigxiliswe ezandleni zabambalwa.

7. Ukuxhashazwa Kwabasebenzi ngesikhathi seNguquko Yezimboni

Ngekhulu le-18, ngesikhathi seNguquko Yezimboni, ukuxhashazwa kwabasebenzi okwandile okwaba nomthelela omkhulu esigabeni sabasebenzi. Njengoba amafekthri nezimboni kukhula, abaqashi bafuna ukukhulisa inzuzo yabo ngokukhokhela izisebenzi. Izimo zokusebenza zazinzima kakhulu, amahora okusebenza ayemade kakhulu, amaholo amancane, nokuntuleka kwezinyathelo zokuphepha.

Ngalesi sikhathi, abasebenzi babesebenza izinsuku ezinde, ngezinye izikhathi kuze kufike emahoreni angu-16 ngosuku, bengenazo izinsuku zokuphumula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaholo ayemancane futhi ayengakwazi ukubhekana nezidingo eziyisisekelo. Abaqashi nabo bazishaya indiva izimo zempilo nezokuphepha, okubangele izingozi nezifo njalo emsebenzini.

Lokhu kuxhashazwa kwezisebenzi kwadala ukwanda kwenhlangano yabasebenzi kanye nokulwela izimo zokusebenza ezingcono. Abasebenzi baqala bahlangana baba izinyunyana, babamba iziteleka nemibhikisho befuna izinguquko. Lezi zenzo bezibalulekile ekuzuzeni inqubekelaphambili ebalulekile emthethweni wezabasebenzi kanye nokuqashelwa kwamalungelo abasebenzi.

Ngamafuphi, bekuyiqiniso eliyinselele esigabeni sabasebenzi. Amahora okusebenza anzima, amaholo aphansi, nezimo ezingaphephile zazidlangile. Nokho, ukumelana nabasebenzi kanye nokulwela izimo zokusebenza ezingcono kwaholela ekuthuthukisweni okubalulekile ekuvikelweni kwabasebenzi kanye nokuqashelwa kwamalungelo abasebenzi.

8. Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezokuthutha Ezigabeni Zenguquko Yezimboni

Wayeyisici esibalulekile ekukhuleni komnotho kanye nentuthuko yangaleso sikhathi. Ngalesi sikhathi, kube nenqubekelaphambili ebalulekile kwingqalasizinda kanye nasezindleleni zokuthutha, okwenze kwaba lula ukuhamba kwabantu nezimpahla ezindaweni ezikude.

Esinye sezigigaba eziyinhloko ekuthuthukisweni kwezokuthutha kwaba ukwakhiwa kwezitimela. Lezi zitimela zazivumela ezokuthutha ezisheshayo, ezisebenza kahle, ukukhulisa ezohwebo kanye nezimboni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokusungulwa kwesitimela sesitimela, a ukusebenza okuphezulu ekufudukeni, obekubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni.

Enye intuthuko ephawulekayo kwaba ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhumbi nemizila yamanzi. Ngokuvela kwemikhumbi yesitimu, isivinini esikhulu namandla okulayisha afinyelelwa ekudlulisweni kwasolwandle. Lokhu kwakhulisa ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe futhi kwenza kwaba lula ukuxhumana phakathi kwamadolobha ahlukene namazwekazi. Ukwengeza, amaphrojekthi amakhulu okuhambisa imifula ayenziwa, okuvumela ukuhamba kwamanzi amaningi nokusebenza kahle.

Kafushane, kwakuyinqubo eyisisekelo yokukhula komnotho wangaleso sikhathi. Intuthuko kojantshi wesitimela nemikhumbi ivumele ukugeleza okushesha, nokusebenza kahle kwabantu nezimpahla, okufukula uhwebo kanye nezimboni. Le ntuthuko yabeka isisekelo sezinhlelo zesimanje zokuthutha esizisebenzisayo namuhla.

9. Ukubaluleka Kwamalahle Enguqukweni Yezimboni

Amalahle adlala indima ebalulekile kuNguquko Yezimboni, aba omunye wemithombo yamandla ebaluleke kakhulu yangaleso sikhathi. Ukuchichima kwayo, ukutholakala kwayo kalula, nokusebenza kahle ekukhiqizeni ukushisa namandla kwayenza yaba uphethiloli okhethwayo wokunika amandla imishini nezimboni eziqhubekisela phambili ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni.

Kungenxa yekhono layo lokukhiqiza inani elikhulu lamandla ashisayo, adingekayo ukuze kusetshenziswe ama-boilers we-steam. Lo mthombo wamandla ezinto ezimbiwa phansi wavumela ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kwezimboni ezinkulu, kwakhuphula ukukhula komnotho nezenhlalo yangaleso sikhathi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amalahle nawo aba nendima ebalulekile kwezokuthutha, njengoba ayesetshenziswa njengamafutha okuphehla izitimela. Lokhu kuvumele ukwakhiwa koxhaxha lwezitimela olubanzi olusize ukusatshalaliswa kwemikhiqizo ekhiqiziwe, ukuhwebelana, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezifunda ezikude.

10. Izinguquko kuMnotho ngesikhathi seNguquko Yezimboni

INguquko Yezimboni kwakuyinkathi yezinguquko ezibalulekile emnothweni womhlaba, futhi lezi zinguquko zaba nomthelela omkhulu eSpain. Ngalesi sikhathi, uchungechunge lwezinguquko lwenzeka olwathinta indlela izimpahla namasevisi akhiqizwa ngayo. Olunye lwezinguquko ezibaluleke kakhulu kwakuwukusuka ekukhiqizweni kwezandla kuya ekukhiqizweni ngobuningi ngokusebenzisa imishini.

Ukwethulwa kwemishini nobuchwepheshe ekukhiqizeni kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle nokunciphisa izindleko. Lokhu kuholele ekwenyukeni komkhiqizo kanye nokwehla kwamanani entengo, okwaholela ekwenyukeni kwesidingo. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni nakho kwaletha ukwanda kwamadolobha, njengoba amafekthri ayedinga abasebenzi futhi aheha izinkulungwane zabantu abavela emaphandleni beza ezindaweni zasemadolobheni.

Njengoba umnotho uthuthuke kwezimboni, kwenzeka izinguquko ekuhlelweni komphakathi. Kwavela isigaba sabasebenzi, esakhiwe yilabo abasebenza ezimbonini nasezimayini, kanti onxiwankulu bezimboni baba yisigaba esibusayo. Lokhu kuhlukana kwezigaba kwadala ukungalingani kwezenhlalo nezomnotho, futhi kwaba umthombo wezingxabano nokungezwani emphakathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iNguquko Yezimboni nayo yaletha izinguquko ohlelweni lwezohwebo, ngokusungulwa kwemizila emisha yokuhwebelana kanye nokuvela kwezinkampani ezinkulu nezinkampani.

11. Ukwandiswa Kokuhwebelana Kwamazwe Ngamazwe Ezigabeni Zenguquko Yezimboni

Ukwandiswa kokuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe kwakuyinto esemqoka phakathi nezigaba zeNguquko Yezimboni. Lesi sikhathi siphawule ushintsho olukhulu endleleni ibhizinisi ebeliqhutshwa ngayo emhlabeni wonke, ngokuvela kobuchwepheshe obusha nezindlela zokukhiqiza. Ngezansi ezinye zezici eziyinhloko zalokhu kunwetshwa:

1. Ukuthuthukiswa kwemizila emisha yokuhweba: Ngesikhathi seNguquko Yezimboni, kwasungulwa imizila emisha yokuhwebelana eyayixhuma izifunda ezihlukene zomhlaba. Lokhu kwavumela ukudluliswa kwezimpahla nezinto zokusetshenziswa ngezinga elikhulu, kwakhuphula ukukhula komnotho emazweni amaningi. Eminye yemizila ebaluleke kakhulu yileyo eyayixhumanisa iYurophu neMelika ne-Asia.

2. Ukwenyuka kokukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa: Ukwandiswa kokuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe ngesikhathi seNguquko Yezimboni kwadala ukwanda okukhulu ekukhiqizeni nasekusetshenzisweni kwezimpahla. Izimboni nezimboni zanda, zavumela ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi bemikhiqizo ngamanani aphansi. Lokhu-ke kwakhulisa ukukhula kokuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe, njengoba amazwe ayedinga ukuthumela imikhiqizo yawo emazweni angaphandle ukuze ahlangabezane nesidingo esikhulayo somhlaba wonke.

3. Ukudalwa kwezinhlangano zezentengiselwano: Ngokukhula kohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, kwavela izinhlangano ezehlukene zezohwebo ezisiza ukwenza ibhizinisi ezingeni lomhlaba jikelele. Ezinye zezinto ezazigqame kakhulu kwakuyizinkampani ezihwebayo, izinhlangano, nezinhlangano zohwebo. Lezi zinhlangano zinikeze isakhiwo nokusekelwa kubathengisi, zisiza ukuqhutshwa kwebhizinisi nokuxazulula izingxabano.

12. Umbutho Wenyunyana Yezohwebo kanye Nezabasebenzi Abahleliwe kuNguquko Yezimboni

Umbutho wezinyunyana kanye nabasebenzi abahlelekile badlala indima ebalulekile ngesikhathi seNguquko Yezimboni. Njengoba intuthuko yezimboni iqhubeka, abasebenzi babhekana nezimo zokusebenza ezintekenteke nezibaxhaphazayo. Ngokubhekana nalesi simo, izinyunyana zavela njengendlela yokumelana nokuvikela amalungelo abasebenzi.

Izinyunyana zahlelwa ngaphandle kwabaqashi futhi zaba ithuluzi elinamandla lokuxoxisana nabaqashi kanye nokufuna ukuthuthukiswa kwezimo zokusebenza. Lezi zinhlangano zezinyunyana zaholela ekwakhiweni kwemithetho yezabasebenzi kanye nokulawulwa kosuku lokusebenza.. Ukwengeza, izinyunyana ziphinde zinikeze izinsiza zokweseka kubasebenzi, njengokuvikela lapho kuba nezingozi noma ukugula emsebenzini.

Abasebenzi abahlelekile bahlanganisa inyunyana yabasebenzi ezinhlanganweni nemifelandawonye ukuze bafune amaholo angcono nezimo zokusebenza. Ukubumbana phakathi kwabasebenzi kanye nokuxoxisana ngokuhlanganyela kwakuyizinsika zombutho wezinyunyana ngesikhathi seNguquko Yezimboni. Ngenhlangano nenyunyana, abasebenzi bakwazile ukulwa nokuxhashazwa futhi bathola ukuthuthukiswa kwezimo zabo zokuhlala kanye nokusebenza.

13. Imiphumela Yemvelo Yenguquko Yezimboni

INguquko Yezimboni, eyenzeka eYurophu phakathi kwekhulu le-18 nele-19, yaba nemiphumela engathi sína yezemvelo esazwakala nanamuhla. Omunye wemiphumela eyinhloko kwaba ukungcoliswa komoya ngenxa yokushiswa okukhulu kwamalahle nezinye izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi. Lokhu kwaholela ekwandeni kwentuthu emadolobheni ezimboni kanye nokuphuma kwenani elikhulu lesikhutha, ngaleyo ndlela kube nengxenye ekufudumaleni kwembulunga yonke.

Omunye umphumela obalulekile wemvelo weNguquko Yezimboni kwaba ukungcoliswa kwamanzi. Izimboni zalahla udoti wazo onobuthi ngokungakhethi emifuleni nasemachibini aseduze, okwathinta kakhulu izinga lamanzi nempilo yasemanzini. Ukwengeza, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi okukhulu kwezindawo zezingodo nendawo yemboni kwaholela ekulahlekelweni kwezindawo zemvelo nokushabalala kwezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezifuywayo. izitshalo nezilwane.

Ekugcineni, kwaba nokwanda okukhulu kokuphehlwa kukadoti kanye nemfucuza eqinile ngesikhathi seNguquko Yezimboni. Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwemikhiqizo ekhiqiziwe kanye nokusetshenziswa ngokungakhethi kwezinto ezingaboli kwaholela ekuqongeleleni kukadoti emadolobheni nasemasimini. Lokhu kwabeka inselele ekuphathweni kwayo okufanele, njengoba ubuchwepheshe obufanele nezinqubomgomo zazingekho ngaleso sikhathi.

14. Ifa Lenguquko Yezimboni Namuhla

Ifa le-Industrial Revolution liyaqhubeka nokuba nomthelela wethu impilo yansuku zonke ngezindlela eziningi namuhla. Esinye sezici eziphawuleka kakhulu ukuguqulwa kwesistimu yokukhiqiza, eyasuka ekukhiqizweni kwezandla kuya ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi. Lokhu kusize ukukhiqizwa kwezimpahla namasevisi ngendlela ephumelelayo, ngezinga elikhulu, okuholele ekubeni kube lula nokutholakala kwemikhiqizo emphakathini wethu.

Elinye ifa elibalulekile leNguquko Yezimboni intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe. Ukusungulwa kwenjini yesitimu kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemishini kwakuyizigcawu ezibalulekile ezavumela ukwanda okukhulu kokukhiqiza. Le ntuthuko yezobuchwepheshe isibeke isisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zesimanje, njengezezimoto, ze-electronics kanye ne-computing.

Kodwa-ke, ifa le-Industrial Revolution libuye laletha izinselele nokungalingani. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhula komnotho kanye nokukhiqizwa okwandayo kuye kwathuthukisa izinga lempilo yabantu abaningi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, igebe phakathi kwabacebile nabampofu liye ladlondlobala, futhi izinkinga ezinkulu zemvelo ziye zenzeka ngenxa yokuxhashazwa ngokweqile kwemithombo yemvelo. Kubalulekile ukucabanga ngalezi zici futhi sibheke izixazululo ezilinganayo nezisimeme ezisivumela ukuthi sisebenzise izinzuzo zeNguquko Yezimboni ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ikusasa lethu.

Kafushane, izigaba zeNguquko Yezimboni ziphawule ingqopha-mlando emlandweni wesintu. Ngalesi sikhathi soguquko, siye sabona ukuthi umphakathi uthuthuke kanjani usuka emnothweni wezolimo uye kwelezimboni.

Isigaba ngasinye sethule izinselele kanye nentuthuko elolonge indlela yethu yokuphila yamanje. Kusukela kuNguquko Yezimboni Yokuqala, ebonakala ngokusetshenziswa kwemishini yokukhiqiza, kuya kuNguquko Yezimboni Yesine, lapho ubuchwepheshe bezolwazi kanye nokuxhumanisa kuyisizinda sezinguquko, lolu guquko luyaqhubeka nohambo lwalo.

INguquko Yesibili Yezimboni, ngokukhuphuka kukagesi kanye nezinqubo ezintsha kwezokuthutha nezokuxhumana, yabeka isisekelo sokukhiqiza ngobuningi kanye nokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke. I-Third Industrial Revolution, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Digital Revolution, yabona ukwanda kobuchwepheshe bekhompiyutha nokuxhumana ngocingo, okwabangela ukuthi kube ne-automation kanye namarobhothi embonini.

Njengamanje, singene shi ku-Fourth Industrial Revolution, ebonakala ngentuthuko ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, I-inthanethi yezinto kanye nekhompyutha efwini. Lesi sigaba sidala izinguquko ezinkulu emnothweni, emisebenzini nasemphakathini jikelele.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda izigaba ze-Industrial Revolution ukuze sibonge ukuthi ubuchwepheshe kanye nokuqanjwa okusha kuye kwawulolonga kanjani umhlaba wethu. Njengoba sidlulela esikhathini esizayo, kufanele silungiselele ukuzivumelanisa namaqiniso amasha futhi siwasebenzise ngokunenzuzo amathuba avezwa yile nguquko eqhubekayo yezobuchwepheshe.

Kafushane, iNguquko Yezimboni ibe wuhlelo oluguquguqukayo noluqhubekayo, lapho isigaba ngasinye sishiye uphawu lwaso emphakathini wethu. Kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokuhlola nokuqonda lezi zigaba ukuze ukwazi ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi wakhe ikusasa eliqhakazile. emhlabeni umhlaba oshintshayo esiphila kuwo.