I-Inorganic Functions Acids, Izisekelo, Usawoti kanye nama-Oxides

I-Inorganic Functions Acids, Izisekelo, Usawoti kanye nama-Oxides: Ukuhlola okucacile nokunemininingwane komhlaba wamakhemikhali.

Emkhakheni othakazelisayo we-inorganic chemistry, imisebenzi ye-inorganic ibamba iqhaza eliphambili ekudaluleni ukusebenzisana okuyinkimbinkimbi. phakathi kwezinhlanganisela nezakhi. Le misebenzi ihlanganisa ama-asidi, izisekelo, usawoti kanye nama-oxides, izakhi eziyisisekelo ezakha ingxenye enkulu yendawo yethu yamakhemikhali.

Leli phepha elimhlophe lihlose ukwembula izici ezibalulekile zomsebenzi ngamunye wale misebenzi futhi lisithathe ohambweni lokudlula izakhiwo zayo, izilinganiso kanye nezicelo emhlabeni amakhemikhali. Kusukela ekukhulelweni kuka-Arrhenius kuya ezindleleni zesimanje zika-Brønsted-Lowry noLewis, sizohlaziya ngokucophelela incazelo nokuhlukaniswa kwama-asidi nezisekelo, sisungula isisekelo sokuqonda okuqinile kwale misebenzi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, sizohlola indawo yonke ethakazelisayo kasawoti, izinhlanganisela ezikhiqizwa ukusabela kwama-asidi nezisekelo. Ngocwaningo olunzulu lwesakhiwo nokuziphatha kwayo, sizodalula ukusetshenziswa okuningi kukasawoti ezimbonini ezibalulekile ezifana nokudla, imithi kanye nezimonyo.

Ngokufanayo, asikwazi ukungayinaki indima ebalulekile edlalwa ama-oxides, izinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali ezibalulekile ezinqubweni zezimboni nasendaweni yethu yemvelo. Ngokuhlola okuningiliziwe kwezakhiwo nezindlela zokuzithola, sizothola ukuthi ama-oxide amodela kanjani ukusabela okuhlukahlukene kwamakhemikhali futhi alolonge indawo yethu yansuku zonke.

Kafushane, le ndatshana yobuchwepheshe yakha ithuluzi elibalulekile lalabo abathanda ukwembula izimfihlakalo nokusetshenziswa kwemisebenzi yama-asidi angaphili, izisekelo, usawoti kanye nama-oxide. Kusukela kubafundi bekhemistri nochwepheshe kuya kwabathanda isayensi, wonke umuntu kulo mbhalo uzothola ukuhlola okuningiliziwe kwalezi zakhi zamakhemikhali eziyisisekelo, ezethulwa ngendlela ecacile nefingqiwe. Hlanganyela nathi kulolu hambo oluhehayo emhlabeni ohehayo wemisebenzi ye-inorganic!

1. Isingeniso semisebenzi ye-inorganic yama-acids, izisekelo, usawoti kanye nama-oxides

2. Izimpawu kanye nezakhiwo zama-asidi angaphili

Ama-acids ezinto ezingaphili yizinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali ezibonakala ngekhono lawo lokukhulula ama-proton (H+) esixazululweni esinamanzi. Zinezinto ezine-asidi ngenxa yekhono lazo lokunikela ngala ma-proton futhi zisabela ngezisekelo zokwenza usawoti namanzi. Ama-acids angaphili atholakala ezinqubweni zamakhemikhali eziningi futhi adlala indima ebalulekile embonini, kwezokwelapha kanye nocwaningo lwesayensi.

Esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-inorganic acid ukunambitheka kwawo okumuncu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuba khona kwe-hydronium ion (H3O+) esixazululweni, evuselela ukunambitha futhi ikhiqize lowo muzwa wesici. Ukwengeza, ama-asidi angaphili ayagqwala futhi angabangela ukulimala kwezicubu eziphilayo. Ngalesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukubaphatha ngokucophelela futhi usebenzise izinto zokuzivikela lapho usebenza nazo.

Ama-asidi angaphili anezinto ezihlukahlukene zomzimba namakhemikhali. Ngokwesibonelo, eziningi zazo zincibilika emanzini, ezivumela ukuba ziqhube umsinga kagesi esixazululweni. Ukwengeza, i-pH yabo ngokuvamile ingaphansi kuka-7, okubabeka njenge-acidic. Amanye ama-acids avamile ahlanganisa i-hydrochloric acid (HCl), i-sulfuric acid (H2SO4), ne-nitric acid (HNO3). Lawa ma-asidi asetshenziswa kakhulu ezinqubweni zezimboni ezifana nokukhiqizwa kukamanyolo, amakhemikhali nemithi.

3. Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-asidi angaphili ngokuya ngamakhemikhali awo

4. Ukusabela kwama-asidi angaphili nokubaluleka kwawo kukhemistri

Ukusabela kwe-inorganic acid kuyizinqubo zamakhemikhali eziyisisekelo zokuqonda i-inorganic chemistry. Lokhu kusabela kuhilela ukusebenzisana kwama-asidi, okuyizinto ezikwazi ukunikela ngama-proton, anezinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali noma izakhi. Ama-asidi angaphili yilawo angenawo ama-athomu ekhabhoni ekwakhiweni kwawo, futhi angahlukaniswa abe izigaba ezihlukene ngokuya ngezakhiwo zawo zamakhemikhali nokuziphatha kwawo ekuphenduleni.

Ukubaluleka kokusabela kwe-asidi ye-inorganic kulele ku-spectrum yabo ebanzi yokusetshenziswa. Lokhu kusabela kusetshenziswa emikhakheni eyahlukene yamakhemikhali, okuhlanganisa ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlanganisela, imboni yezemithi, izinto zokwakha, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla, nokuhlanzwa kwezinto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusabela kwe-inorganic acid-base kubalulekile ekuqondeni ukuziphatha kwezixazululo ezinamanzi kukhemikhali yokuhlaziya.

Kumakhemikhali wezinto ezingaphili, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukusabela kwe-inorganic acid kwenzeka kanjani futhi kuhlukaniswa. Ezinye zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokusabela ukungathathi hlangothi, ukusabela kokugudluka, kanye nokusabela kwe-redox. Uma i-neutralization, i-asidi isabela ngesisekelo ukuze yakhe usawoti namanzi. Lokhu kusabela kubaluleke kakhulu embonini kamanyolo, ngoba kuvumela ukulungisa inhlabathi pH ukwandisa ukukhula kwezitshalo. Ekuphenduleni kokususwa, i-asidi ihlangana nenhlanganisela ukuze isuse enye into futhi yakhe isakhi esisha. Ekuphenduleni kwe-redox, i-asidi isebenza njenge-oxidizing noma i-ejenti yokunciphisa, idlulisela ama-electron ngesikhathi sokusabela.

Kafushane, ukusabela kwe-asidi ye-inorganic kuyizinqubo zamakhemikhali ezibalulekile kumakhemikhali we-inorganic. Ukubaluleka kwayo kusendimeni yayo ebanzi yokusetshenziswa kanye nendima yayo eyisisekelo ocwaningweni lwezinhlanganisela nezisombululo ezinamanzi. Ukwazi izinhlobo ezahlukene zokusabela kanye nokuqonda indlela ezisebenza ngayo kubalulekile ekuqondeni nasekusebenziseni imigomo ye-inorganic chemistry emikhakheni eyahlukene yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe.

5. Izakhiwo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezisekelo ze-inorganic ezinhlelweni ezahlukene

Izisekelo ze-Inorganic izinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali ezibonakala ngokuba nesakhiwo se-ionic nokukwazi ukwamukela ama-proton noma ukukhulula ama-hydroxyl kusisombululo esinamanzi. Lezi zisekelo zidlala indima ebalulekile ezinhlelweni eziningi, njengoba zinezakhiwo ezizenza zibaluleke kakhulu emikhakheni eyahlukene.

A kwezicelo Okuphawuleka kakhulu kwezisekelo ze-inorganic ukusetshenziswa kwazo embonini yamakhemikhali. Lezi zinto zisetshenziswa kabanzi njengama-reagents kanye nama-catalysts ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali okuningi. Ukwengeza, ikhono labo lokulawula i-pH libenza babe izingxenye ezibalulekile ekwenziweni kwemikhiqizo efana nezinto zokuhlanza, imikhiqizo yokuhlanza, nokudla okugayiwe.

Omunye umkhakha lapho izisekelo ze-inorganic zidlala indima efanele kusembonini yezemithi. Imithi nemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ukunakekelwa komuntu siqu Ziqukethe izisekelo ze-inorganic ezisebenza njengama-alkalizing agents noma izilawuli ze-pH. Lezi zinto zenza kube nokwenzeka ukulungisa izici zemikhiqizo futhi kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza nokusebenza kwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izisekelo ze-inorganic nazo zisetshenziswa ekwenzeni izidakamizwa ezinjengama-antacid kanye nama-anti-inflammatories.

6. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezisekelo ze-inorganic kanye nezakhiwo zazo zamakhemikhali

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezisekelo ze-inorganic, ezihlukaniswa ngokuya ngokwakheka kwazo kanye nesakhiwo samakhemikhali. Enye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu izisekelo zensimbi, ezakhiwe ngokusabela kwe-alkali noma i-alkaline yensimbi yomhlaba ngamanzi. Lezi zisekelo zibonakala ngokuba nesakhiwo sekristalu futhi zincibilika kakhulu emanzini.

Olunye uhlobo lwezisekelo ezingaphili yizisekelo ze-quaternary ammonium, ezakhiwe i-ammonium cation ehlanganiswe namaqembu e-alkyl noma e-aryl. Lezi zisekelo zisetshenziswa kakhulu njengama-surfactants kanye nama-disinfectants ngenxa yekhono lazo lokuncibilikisa amafutha nokuqeda ama-microorganisms.

Okokugcina, izisekelo zensimbi eziguqukayo nazo zibalulekile kumakhemikhali wezinto ezingaphili. Lezi zisekelo zakhiwe ngokusabela kwensimbi yoguquko ngamanzi noma i-asidi. Zinesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi futhi zingasebenza njengama-catalysts ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali okuhlukahlukene.

7. Usawoti njengamakhemikhali angaphili kanye nokusetshenziswa kwawo okuhlukahlukene

Usawoti yizinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali ezingaphili ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene ngenxa yokuhlukahluka kwazo kanye nezakhiwo ezihlukile. Lezi zinhlanganisela zakhiwa lapho i-asidi isabela ngesisekelo, okuholela ekukhululweni kwama-ion. Usawoti ungatholakala ngendlela eqinile, ewuketshezi noma enegesi, futhi isakhiwo sawo se-crystalline siwanika ukuzinza nokuqina.

Usawoti usetshenziswa kaningi emikhakheni ehlukene. Embonini yokudla, zisetshenziswa njengezithasiselo zokuthuthukisa ukunambitheka nokulondoloza. kokudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, usawoti usetshenziswa futhi ekwenzeni amakhemikhali nezinto ezisetshenziswa ezimbonini, njengengilazi, okokuhlanza kanye nomanyolo.

Emkhakheni wezokwelapha, usawoti udlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni imithi kanye nezixazululo ze-intravenous. Lezi zixazululo ze-saline zisetshenziselwa ukuvuselela nokubuyisela ibhalansi yama-electrolyte emzimbeni. Ukwengeza, ama-salts nawo asetshenziswa ezindaweni zokwelapha ze-spa nasezindaweni zokugeza zokwelapha, njengoba zingaba nezindawo eziphumuzayo nezivuselelayo zomzimba.

Kafushane, usawoti ungamakhemikhali angaphili asetshenziswa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene. Isakhiwo sazo esicwebezelayo sibanikeza ukuzinza nokuqina, okubenza babe yinhlanganisela yamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene. Ukusetshenziswa kwabo kusuka embonini yokudla kuye embonini yezokwelapha, lapho bedlala indima ebalulekile ekwenziweni kwemithi nezisombululo zokunakekelwa kwempilo. Usawoti uyizithako ezibalulekile ezidlala indima ebalulekile ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke. [Isigaba esichaza izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokusebenza nokusebenzisa inkulumo ethi “usawoti usetshenziswa”] [Isigaba esichaza ukubaluleka kukasawoti emkhakheni wezokwelapha nokusebenzisa inkulumo ethi “usawoti ufeza indima ethile”]

8. Ukulungiswa kanye nezakhiwo zikasawoti we-inorganic embonini

Ukulungiswa kanye nezakhiwo zikasawoti we-inorganic kubaluleke kakhulu embonini, ngoba lezi zinto zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezinqubweni ezihlukahlukene zamakhemikhali nezokukhiqiza. Okulandelayo, izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokulungiselela usawoti we-inorganic ziyachazwa futhi ezinye zezindawo zabo ezifanele ziyagqanyiswa.

1. Ukulungiswa kosawoti we-inorganic:
- Ukuhlonza nokukhethwa kwama-reagents adingekayo.
- Ukulinganisa okunembile kanye nesisindo sama-reagents.
- Ukuxuba nokuncibilikisa ama-reagents endaweni efanelekile, ngokuvamile emanzini.
- Ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa kanye ne-pH ngesikhathi sokusabela.
– Ukuhlunga nokuhlukaniswa kwezinto eziqinile ezakhiwe.
– Ukuhlanza kanye nokomiswa kwemikhiqizo etholiwe.

2. Izici zikasawoti we-inorganic:
– Iphuzu elincibilikayo nelibilisayo: usawoti wezinto ezingaphili zinesici sokuncibilika kanye namaphuzu abilayo ancike ekwakhekeni kwawo kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali.
- Ukunyibilika: omunye usawoti uncibilika kalula emanzini, kanti amanye awancibiliki kahle noma awancibiliki. Lesi sakhiwo sibalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwayo ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene.
- I-electrical conductivity: usawoti we-inorganic kusisombululo esinamanzi ungaqhuba ugesi ngenxa yokuba khona kwama-ion amahhala.
- Umbala nokubukeka: usawoti we-inorganic ungaveza izinhlobonhlobo zemibala kanye nokwakheka kwekristalu, okungaba nomthelela ekusetshenzisweni kwabo kwezimboni.
- Ubuthi: usawoti othile we-inorganic ungaba yingozi noma ube yingozi kwezempilo womuntu kanye indawo ezungezile, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele ngesikhathi sokuphatha nokulahla.

3. Ukufakwa kwezimboni kukasawoti we-inorganic:
- Usawoti we-Inorganic usetshenziswa njengama-ejenti okuhlanza nokubulala amagciwane embonini yokudla neyokwenza imithi.
– Zibalulekile ekwenziweni kukamanyolo nemikhiqizo yezolimo ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lomhlabathi futhi kugqugquzele ukukhula kwezitshalo.
- Zisetshenziswa njengezithasiselo ekukhiqizeni izinto zokwakha, njengosimende nengilazi.
- Usawoti we-Inorganic uwusizo ku-metallurgy ukuthola izinsimbi kumaminerali abo.
– Asetshenziswa futhi ekwenzeni imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali nasekukhiqizeni amandla kagesi kumabhethri.

Kafushane, ukulungiswa kanye nezakhiwo zikasawoti we-inorganic kubaluleke kakhulu embonini, ngenxa yobuningi bokusetshenziswa kwawo. Kuyadingeka ukulandela izinyathelo ezifanele zokulungiswa kwazo futhi wazi izakhiwo ezifanele kakhulu zalezi zinto ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusetshenziswa kwazo okuphephile nokusebenza kahle ezinqubweni ezihlukene zezimboni.

9. I-Inorganic oxides: umqondo, ukwakheka kanye nezigaba

Ama-inorganic oxides ayizinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali ezakhiwe ngokuhlanganiswa kwensimbi nomoya-mpilo. Zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zezimboni nesayensi ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo ezihlukile kanye nokuhlukahluka. Lolu hlobo lwezinhlanganisela lubonakala ngesakhiwo sazo se-crystalline kanye nekhono labo lokusabela nezinye izakhi zamakhemikhali.

Ukwakheka kwama-inorganic oxides kungahluka kuye ngezakhi eziwakhayo. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile, bavame ukwamukela isakhiwo se-ionic lapho ama-ion oksijini enza i-crystal lattice enezinsimbi zensimbi. Lesi sakhiwo sinikeza ama-inorganic oxides izici ezithile zomzimba namakhemikhali, njengendawo yawo yokuncibilika nokusebenza kabusha.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-inorganic oxides kungenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Indlela evamile yokuwahlukanisa ngokuya ngokuziphatha kwawo kwe-acid-base. Ama-oxide ayisisekelo yilawo asabela emanzini ukuze akhe izisekelo, kuyilapho ama-asidi e-asidi esabela ukwenza ama-asidi. Enye indlela yokuhlukanisa ngokusho kohlobo lwensimbi ekhona ku-oxide, njengama-alkali metal oxides, i-alkaline earth metal oxides, i-transition oxides, phakathi kwabanye. [END-SOLUTION]

10. Izakhiwo zamakhemikhali nezomzimba zama-inorganic oxide kanye nomthelela wawo embonini

I-Inorganic oxides yizinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali eziqukethe umoya-mpilo kanye ne-metallic element. Lezi zinhlanganisela zinezakhiwo zamakhemikhali nezomzimba ezinomthelela omkhulu embonini. Okokuqala, izakhiwo zamakhemikhali ze-inorganic oxides zinquma ukusebenza kabusha kwazo nezinye izinto. Amanye ama-oxide angaba ne-asidi futhi asabelane nezisekelo ukuze akhe usawoti. Amanye ama-oxide angaba yisisekelo futhi ahlangane nama-asidi akhe usawoti. Lokhu kusabela kuyisisekelo ekukhiqizeni amakhemikhali ahlukahlukene nezinto ezisetshenziswa embonini.

Ngaphezu kokusebenza kabusha kwawo, ama-inorganic oxides nawo anezakhiwo ezibalulekile zomzimba. Esinye sezici ezifanele kakhulu ukuzinza kwayo kwe-thermal. Amanye ama-oxide angakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu ngaphandle kokubola, okuwenza abe izinto ezifanele ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu, njengezingubo zobumba kanye nemboni yensimbi. Ukwengeza, ama-oxide e-inorganic angaba nezakhiwo kazibuthe noma ze-semiconducting, okuwenza abe yigugu ekukhiqizeni izinto zikagesi kanye nezingxenye zesekethe ezididiyelwe.

Umthelela wezakhiwo zamakhemikhali nezomzimba zama-inorganic oxides embonini ubanzi. Lezi zinhlanganisela zisetshenziswa ekwenzeni ingilazi, i-ceramics, i-catalysts, i-pigments ne-coatings, phakathi kweminye imikhiqizo. Isibonelo, i-aluminium oxide isetshenziswa njenge-abrasive embonini yokupholisha kanye ne-sandanding. I-iron oxide isetshenziswa njenge-pigment ekwenzeni opende noyinki. Ama-oksidi e-cobalt, i-nickel ne-titanium asetshenziswa njengezisusa ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali okuhlukahlukene. Kafushane, ukuqonda izici zamakhemikhali nezomzimba zama-inorganic oxides kubalulekile ukuze ubone amandla awo embonini futhi wandise ukusetshenziswa kwawo ezinhlelweni eziningi.

11. Imisebenzi engaphili yama-asidi, izisekelo, usawoti kanye nama-oxides ekuphileni kwansuku zonke

Imisebenzi ye-Inorganic ibaluleke kakhulu ezimpilweni zethu zansuku zonke, njengoba ikhona ezicini ezahlukahlukene zemvelo yethu. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ama-asidi, izisekelo, usawoti kanye nama-oxides, adlala indima ehlukene ezimeni ezihlukahlukene.

Ama-Acid yizinto zamakhemikhali ezibonakala ngokugqwala nokuba nokunambitheka okumuncu. Zisetshenziswa emikhiqizweni eminingi yokuhlanza, njengezibulala-magciwane nezihlanzi zokugezela nekhishi. Zibalulekile nasembonini yokudla, njengoba zisetshenziselwa ukonga ukudla nasekukhiqizeni iziphuzo ezibandayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zibalulekile emkhakheni wezokwelapha, njengoba imithi eminingi yenziwa njengosawoti noma ama-ester of acid.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izisekelo ziyizinto ezaziwa ngokugqwala futhi ezinokunambitheka okubabayo. Zibalulekile embonini yezokwakha, njengoba zisetshenziswa ekwenzeni usimende nezinye izinto zokwakha. Zivamile futhi emikhiqizweni yokuhlanza efana nama-degreaser kanye nezikhipha amabala. Kwezokwelapha, izisekelo zisetshenziselwa ukulungiswa kwemithi nama-creams.

12. Ukubaluleka kokwazi nokuqonda imisebenzi ye-inorganic kukhemistri

Imisebenzi ye-Inorganic iyisisekelo esifundweni samakhemikhali, njengoba iyinhlanganisela yamakhemikhali akha isisekelo ngalolu daba okungaphili. Ukwazi nokuqonda le misebenzi kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba kusivumela ukuthi siqonde ukuthi izinhlanganisela ze-inorganic ezehlukene zakhiwa futhi zisabele kanjani.

Omunye wemisebenzi eyinhloko ye-inorganic iwukuba ama-asidi, abonakala ngokukhulula ama-ion e-hydrogen lapho encibilika emanzini. Lezi zinhlanganisela zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezahlukene futhi ulwazi lwazo lubalulekile ukuqonda izinqubo zamakhemikhali ezifana ne-neutralization noma ukwakhiwa kukasawoti.

Omunye umsebenzi obalulekile wezinto ezingaphili yizisekelo, okuyizinhlanganisela ezikhulula ama-ion e-hydroxide lapho zincibilika emanzini. Lezi zinhlanganisela zibalulekile ekwakhekeni kwama-hydroxides nosawoti, futhi ukutadisha kwabo kusivumela ukuba siqonde ukwakheka kanye nokusebenza kabusha kwalezi zinhlanganisela.

13. Izibonelo zokusabela kwamakhemikhali okubandakanya ama-asidi, izisekelo, usawoti kanye nama-oxides

Kukhemistri, ukusabela okubandakanya ama-asidi, izisekelo, usawoti, nama-oxide kubalulekile ukuze uqonde ukuthi lezi zinto zisebenzisana kanjani. Lokhu kusabela kwamakhemikhali kubonakala ngokushintsha kwezakhiwo zezinto ezihilelekile, njengombala wazo, iphunga, noma ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali. Lapha sethula izibonelo zalezi zinhlobo zokusabela.

1. Ukusabela phakathi kwe-asidi nesisekelo: Okunye kokusabela okuvame kakhulu ukungathathi hlangothi phakathi kwe-asidi nesisekelo. Isibonelo, uma sengeza i-hydrochloric acid (HCl) ku-sodium hydroxide (NaOH), amanzi (H2O) nosawoti (i-sodium chloride, i-NaCl) ikhiqizwa. Lokhu kusabela kwaziwa ngokuthi i-neutralization futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, njengokwenza imikhiqizo yokuhlanza.

2. Ukusabela phakathi kwe-asidi nensimbi: Uma i-asidi isabela ngensimbi, ukusabela kokugudluzwa kwenzeka. Isibonelo, uma sixuba i-sulfuric acid (H2SO4) ne-iron (Fe), i-ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) iyakhiwa futhi i-hydrogen gas (H2) iyakhululwa. Lokhu kusabela kubalulekile ekutholeni izinsimbi kumaminerali azo.

3. Ukusabela phakathi kwe-asidi ne-oxide: Ama-asidi angaphinda ahlangane nama-oxide akhe usawoti namanzi. Isibonelo, uma i-nitric acid (HNO3) iphendula nge-calcium oxide (CaO), i-calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2) kanye namanzi (H2O) akhiwa. Lokhu kusabela kwaziwa ngokuthi i-acid-base reaction futhi isetshenziswa embonini ukukhiqiza umanyolo.

Lezi izibonelo ezimbalwa nje zokuhlangana kwamakhemikhali okuningi okuhlanganisa ama-asidi, izisekelo, usawoti, nama-oxide. Lokhu kusabela akubalulekile nje kuphela kumakhemikhali, kodwa nasempilweni yansuku zonke nasezinhlelweni eziningi zezimboni. Ukuqonda ukuthi akhiqizwa kanjani nokuthi athinta kanjani izinto ezihilelekile kusisiza ukuba siqonde kangcono umhlaba osizungezile.

14. Iziphetho ngemisebenzi ye-inorganic kanye nokufaneleka kwayo kukhemistri

Sengiphetha, imisebenzi ye-inorganic iyiqoqo lezinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali ezidlala indima ebalulekile kumakhemikhali. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ama-asidi, izisekelo, usawoti kanye nama-oxides, abonakala ngokuba nezakhi ezithile zamakhemikhali nezomzimba. Ngenxa yokuhlobana kwayo kukhemistri, ucwaningo oluningi kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zenziwe emikhakheni eyahlukene.

Enye yezinhlelo zokusebenza eziyinhloko zemisebenzi ye-inorganic ukusetshenziswa kwazo embonini yamakhemikhali. Ama-Acid nezisekelo, isibonelo, asetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlanganiseni amanye amakhompiyutha amakhemikhali, embonini yezemithi kanye nasekwenzeni imikhiqizo yokuhlanza. Ukwengeza, usawoti kanye nama-oxide asetshenziswa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene kwezolimo, i-metallurgy, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwengilazi.

Kubalulekile ukugqamisa ukuthi ukufundwa kwemisebenzi ye-inorganic kubalulekile ekuqondeni amakhemikhali ngokujwayelekile. Ngokuhlaziya kwayo, ukusabela kwamakhemikhali, izakhiwo zezakhi nezinhlanganisela, kanye nokusebenzisana phakathi kwezinto ezihlukene kungaqondwa. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuba nesisekelo esiqinile solwazi emisebenzini ye-inorganic ukuze uthuthukise umkhakha wamakhemikhali futhi uqhubeke nokuthuthukisa ucwaningo olusha kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza.

Sengiphetha, imisebenzi ye-inorganic acid, izisekelo, usawoti kanye nama-oxides bakha izakhi ezibalulekile ocwaningweni lwamakhemikhali angaphili. Le misebenzi ifeza izindima nezakhiwo ezahlukene ekwakhekeni kwezinhlanganisela, ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kanye nezinqubo zezimboni. Ukuqonda ukwakheka kwayo, izici nokuziphatha kubalulekile ukuze uqonde futhi ulawule izakhi ze-inorganic kanye nezinhlanganisela ezimweni ezahlukahlukene.

Ama-Acid, izisekelo, usawoti kanye nama-oxide asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni eziningi, kusukela ezimbonini zamakhemikhali nezemithi kuya ekukhiqizeni ukudla kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Ulwazi lwabo nokuphatha ngendlela efanele kusivumela ukuthi sithuthukise izinqubo futhi sizuze imiphumela enembayo nephumelelayo.

Kubalulekile ukukhuthaza ukucwaninga nokuqonda le misebenzi ye-inorganic kwezemfundo nocwaningo lwesayensi, njengoba ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni kuqhubeka nokuvela njalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphatha nokulawula kwayo okufanele kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene.

Kafushane, imisebenzi ye-inorganic acid, izisekelo, usawoti kanye nama-oxide yizinto ezibalulekile ocwaningweni lwamakhemikhali wezinto ezingaphili, ezidlala indima ebalulekile ezinqubweni eziningi zamakhemikhali nezimboni. Ukuqonda nokusebenzisa kwayo ngendlela efanele kuyisihluthulelo sentuthuko yesayensi, ubuchwepheshe kanye nentuthuko esimeme.