I-Garamond: Umlando, ukusetshenziswa kanye nezinzuzo ze-classic serif typography

Ukukhuluma ngefonti yeGaramond ukukhuluma ngayo elinye lamafonti angcono kakhulu ake asungulwa. Ubuhle bayo nokufaneleka kwayo kwenza lesi sitayela sibe yinto engapheli ekwakhiweni kwezithombe ezichwepheshile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi siyayazi noma cha, sonke siye sachayeka ebuhleni bayo noma sayisebenzisa kuphrojekthi.

Kulesi singeniso sizohamba siye esikhathini esedlule ukuze sazi umlando we-Garamond typeface. Ngemva kwalokho, sizobuyekeza ukuthi yiziphi ukusetshenziswa okuvame kakhulu ukuthi lesi sitayela sitholwa ekwakhiweni kwezithombe ezichwepheshile zamanje. Ekugcineni, sizogqamisa i izinzuzo yokuyisebenzisa kanye nezizathu zokuthi kungani isasebenza nanamuhla njengalapho isungulwa.

Umsuka wefonti ye-Garamond

Ifonti ye-Garamond serif ingenye esetshenziswa kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwezithombe, kokubili kumidiya yedijithali nokuphrinta. Namuhla, kubhekwa njengenye yezinhlobo zokubhala ezidume kakhulu emhlabeni. Leli yiqiniso elimangalisayo, ikakhulukazi uma sicabangela lokho Umsuka wayo uhlehlela emuva ekhulwini le-16.

Umthombo odume kakhulu uqanjwe ngawo umklami wohlobo uClaude Garamond, owazalelwa eParis, eFrance, ngonyaka ka-1490. Ngaleso sikhathi, eminyakeni engaba ngu-50 edlule, umshini kaGutenberg wokunyathelisa ngomshini onyakazayo wawuyishintshile indlela okukhiqizwa ngayo izincwadi nemibhalo. Futhi cishe ngo-1530, uClaude wayeseyingcweti yokubhala, iphrinta, kanye nomqophi we-matrix.

Kwakungo-1530 lapho uGaramond eqala ukusebenzisa umthombo esiwazi namuhla ngegama.. Wayidweba, wayiqopha futhi wayiphonsa ukuze isetshenziswe encwadini I-Paraphrasis ku-Elegantiarum Laurentii Vallae, ngu-Erasmus waseRotterdam. Wagqugquzelwa umshini wokubhala onethonya wangaleso sikhathi, owadalwa umqophi uFrancesco Griffo womshicileli u-Aldus Manutius ngo-1945.

Wonke lawa mafonti asekelwe kumklamo wawo kumafomu e-classical asetshenziswa ekubhaleni ngesandla eRoma lasendulo. Lolu hlobo lwefonti belubonakala ngemigqa yayo emihle kanye nokuba nama-serif noma iziphetho eziphinyisiwe. I-Garamond igcine lezi zakhi ezimbili emthonjeni wazo, kodwa kusetshenziswa ama-serif azacile, acashile aphumele ekuhlanzekeni, nezinhlamvu ezifundeka kakhudlwana.

Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kanye nokuhunyushwa kabusha kwesimanje

Cishe eminyakeni eyishumi ngemva kokuqala ukusebenzisa ifonti yakhe, uGaramond wasebenza esakhiweni esikhethekile. Ngo-1540 wakhethwa iNkosi uFrancis I waseFrance ukuba dweba, qopha bese uphonsa uhlobo lokunyathelisa olunezinhlamvu zesiGreki. Lo msebenzi kamuva waziwa ngokuthi Grec du Roi (IsiGreki Senkosi), futhi yasetshenziswa ukuze kunyatheliswe umsebenzi I-Alphabetum Graecum, nguRobert Estienne.

Ngemva kokufa kukaClaude Garamond, ngo-1561, umthwebuli wezincwadi UChristophe Plantin wathola izibhakela eziningi futhi uyafa. U-Plantin wayeyingcweti yokubhala, imiklamo yayo eyayigqama ngobuhle bayo, ukusebenziseka nokucaca kwayo. Wasebenzisa kakhulu izinhlobo zokubhala eziklanywe uGaramond, ezasiza ukuba zidume kulo lonke elaseYurophu.

Ezikhathini zamuva nje, umsebenzi kaGaramond uthole a thuthukisa isimanje ngenxa yomsebenzi womklami wokubhala waseMelika uRobert Slimbach. Ngo-1989, i-Slimbach yafaka kudijithali imithombo embalwa yakudala, kuhlanganise nekaGaramond, igcina ingqikithi yayo futhi yenza umsebenzi wayo ungafi. Abaklami abaningi besimanje bathathe le fonti njengesisekelo sokudala izinguqulo ezintsha zedijithali. Ezinye zazo yilezi:

• I-Adobe Garamond: Ingenye yezinguqulo ezaziwa kakhulu kabusha, eziklanywe ngu-Slimbach ngokwakhe we-Adobe Systems. Igcina ubuhle befonti yoqobo, kodwa ngokucaca okukhulu nokufaneleka ukuze isetshenziswe ezikrinini.
• USabon: Idizayinwe ngu-Jan Tschichold, lokhu kujwayela kuhlanganisa ama-serif esimanje kanye nezilinganiso ezivuleke kakhudlwana, ezifanele amabhlogo amakhulu ombhalo.
• UJoanna: Idizayinwe ngu-Eric Gill njengendlela yokujwayela ekhululekile ye-Garamond, ene-stroke eminyene kanye nama-serif ayindingilizi amaningi.

Ukusetshenziswa okuvamile okutholwa yi-Garamond ekwakhiweni kwesithombe samanje

Emhlabeni wokuklama izithombe ezichwepheshile, kufanele khetha ngokucophelela ozokusho nokuthi uzokusho kanjani. Lesi sici sokugcina sihlobene eduze ne uhlobo lohlamvu noma ifonti esetshenziselwa ukubhala igama noma ibinzana. Futhi akunandaba ukuthi imagazini ephrintiwe, ibhodi lokukhangisa noma ikhasi lasekhaya lewebhusayithi.

Ngalo mqondo, kufanelekile ukukhumbula imibandela enquma ukukhetha okufanele kwe-typography ekwakhiweni kwesithombe. Ngaphezu kokucaca nokufundeka, ifonti kufanele ibe nesitayela esivumelana nomlayezo ofuna ukuwudlulisela. Hhayi-ke, i-Garamond ayilula nje emehlweni futhi kulula ukuyifunda, kodwa futhi inokulingana okuphelele phakathi kwakudala nesimanje.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, Idizayini yayo engaphelelwa yisikhathi iyigcina iyintsha, inhle futhi ihlale ikhona.. Akumangazi ukuthi imikhiqizo ehlonishwayo, njenge-Rolex noma i-Apple, ihlanganisa i-Garamond typography emikhiqizweni yabo, amalogo kanye nemiklamo yokuhlela. Okunye ukusetshenziswa okuvamile okuthola le fonti ye-serif yakudala yilokhu okulandelayo:

• Ukukhangisa kwebhizinisi: Ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukudala amalogo amahle nangapheli, ikakhulukazi amabhrendi afuna ukudlulisa ubunkimbinkimbi nesiko. Ibuye isetshenziswe emakhadini ebhizinisi, ezincwadini nakwezinye izinto zokufaka uphawu.
• Izincwadi eziphrintiwe nezedijithali nomagazini: Kuyinketho yakudala yendikimba yombhalo ezincwadini, kumagazini namaphephandaba, kokubili okuphrintiwe kanye nedijithali. Ibuye isetshenziswe kumajenali ezemfundo nawesayensi ngenxa yokufundeka kwayo okuphezulu nokubukeka kwayo okuyinkimbinkimbi.
• Umklamo wewebhu: Isetshenziswa kaningi ukubhala izihloko, izihloko nemibhalo yomzimba kumabhulogi, amaphothifoliyo namawebhusayithi ezinkampani.
• Umklamo we ukupakishwa: Yifonti ekhethwayo ekupakishweni noma ekwakhiweni kokusonga kwemikhiqizo kanokusho, njengamakha, iwayini nobucwebe.
• I-infographics kanye nezethulo: Futhi ilungele ukudala izihloko ezifundekayo namalebula ku-infographics nezethulo.

Izinzuzo ze-classic serif typography

Ukusebenzisa i-serif typography yakudala kumaphrojekthi akho emidwebo kukunikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile. Akukona nje ukuqondana ukuthi ingenye yamafonti asetshenziswa kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwemibhalo ehlukene ephrintiwe neyedijithali. Ukufunda ukusizakala ngezici zayo ezithile kuhumusha zibe izinzuzo ezifana:

• Imibhalo eno-a ukufundeka okuphezulu, ngisho nokusebenzisa izinhlamvu ezincane, ngenxa yomklamo wayo olinganisene kahle.
• Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo okulula kuya ezinhlobonhlobo zezitayela namaphrojekthi, kusukela ezincwadini nomagazini kuya kumalogo kanye nezinto zokuthengisa.
• Imiklamo njalo fresh futhi yesimanje, kodwa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukugxila zakudala noma zendabuko ezidingekayo ezimweni eziningi.