I-Global Building Atlas: imephu ye-3D ebeka zonke izakhiwo zomhlaba ekukhanyeni

El I-Global Building Atlas Sekungomunye wamaphrojekthi ahamba phambili emhlabeni jikelele wokuqonda ukuthi iplanethi yakhiwe kanjani. Imephu enokulungiswa okuphezulu, enezinhlangothi ezintathu ehlanganisa ulwazi ngezigidigidi zezakhiwo cishe kuwo wonke amagumbi omhlaba, okukhiqiza isifinyezo esinembe kakhulu sendawo yasemadolobheni neyasemaphandleni.

Le atlas yomhlaba wonke, ithuthukiswe ithimba labacwaningi abavela kwa I-Technical University yaseMunich (TUM)Isekelwe kudatha evulekile futhi yakhelwe ukusetshenziswa ososayensi, abaphathi bomphakathi, nezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe. Inhloso yawo ukuhlinzeka ngesisekelo esiqinile se ucwaningo lwesimo sezulu, ukuhlelwa kwengqalasizinda kanye nokuhlolwa kwenqubekelaphambili mayelana neziNhloso Zokuthuthukiswa Okusimeme ze-UN.

I-atlas ye-3D ebonisa zonke izakhiwo ezisemhlabeni

Iphrojekthi yeGlobal Building Atlas iqala ngombuzo obonakala ulula kodwa onzima ukuwuphendula: Zingaki izakhiwo ezikhona eMhlabeni futhi zibukeka kanjani ku-3D? Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, ithimba eliholwa nguSolwazi Xiaoxiang Zhu, inhloko kaSihlalo we-Data Science in Earth Observation e-TUM, lenze imephu yokuqala enesinqumo esiphezulu enezinhlangothi ezintathu ehlanganisa cishe sonke isitokwe somhlaba wonke sokwakha.

Umphumela uba idathasethi ehlanganisa ndawonye 2,75 billion wamamodeli wokwakhaethathwe ezithombeni zesathelayithi kusukela ngo-2019. Ngayinye yalezi zibonelo ithwebula ukuma okuyisisekelo nokuphakama kwezakhiwo, okuvumela ukuhlaziya umthamo owakhiwe nokuthi izakhiwo zisakazwa kanjani ezindaweni zasemadolobheni nasezindaweni zasemaphandleni.

Lo mqulu wolwazi wenza i-Global Building Atlas ibe iqoqo elibanzi kakhulu esigabeni saloUkunikeza umbono wobukhulu bokugxuma, isizindalwazi esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni wonke esikhona kuze kube manje sihlanganisa izakhiwo ezingaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1,7, okungukuthi, ibhiliyoni elilodwa elingaphansi kwe-atlas entsha eyakhiwe yiqembu laseMunich.

Ukufakwa akukhawulelwe emadolobheni amakhulu noma emazweni anedijithali kakhulu. Okunye okugqamile kwephrojekthi ukufakwa kwayo okusobala izifunda ebezishiywe ngaphandle kumamephu womhlaba, njengezindawo ezinkulu zase-Afrika, eNingizimu Melika kanye nezindawo zasemaphandleni ezihlakazekile ezingavamile ukuvela emikhiqizweni evamile ye-cartographic.

Ukulungiswa okunembayo okuphezulu kwamamodeli asemadolobheni kanye nesimo sezulu

Ngaphandle komthamo wezakhiwo, i I-Global Building Atlas ivelele for the ukulungiswa kwendawo kwedatha yakhoAmamodeli enziwe ngosayizi weseli wamamitha angu-3×3, amele ukuthuthukiswa cishe izikhathi ezingamashumi amathathu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izingosi zolwazi zomhlaba ezifanayo. Leli zinga lemininingwane livumela ukuqonda okucacile kokuma okuphelele kwesakhiwo ngasinye kanye nobude baso obuhlobene.

Ngenxa yalesi sinqumo, kungenzeka ukuhlanganisa i-atlas ku amamodeli athuthukile okwakhiwa kwedolobha kanye nokusetshenziswa komhlabaAbacwaningi abagxile ezifundweni zasemadolobheni, abaklami bezakhiwo, kanye nezikhulu zenqubomgomo yomphakathi zingasebenzisa ulwazi ukulinganisa ukuminyana kwezakhiwo, ukuhlonza amaphethini okwanda kwedolobha, noma ukuhlaziya ubudlelwano phakathi kobude besakhiwo nokusetshenziswa kwamandla.

Ukunemba okungeziwe nakho kwenza umehluko ezindaweni ezifana ukuphathwa kwezinhlekeleleUkuba nombono onemininingwane enezinhlangothi ezintathu zezakhiwo kwenza kube lula ukulingisa umthelela ongaba khona wezikhukhula, ukuzamazama komhlaba, iziphepho, noma ukudilika kwenhlabathi, okusiza ukubeka phambili ukungenelela nokuklama amasu okuphuma aqondaniswe eduze kakhulu neqiniso lendawo.

Ngomongo waseYurophu noweSpanishi, lolu hlobo lwedatha lungasetshenziswa ukuze kucwengwe izinhlelo zazo ukuzivumelanisa nokushintsha kwesimo sezuluIsibonelo, ngokuhlola ngokunembe kakhudlwana ukuthi yiziphi izindawo ezingomakhelwane ezisengozini enkulu yamagagasi okushisa, ukukhuphuka kwezinga lolwandle okungenzeka kube khona, noma izehlakalo zemvula enkulu. Ukuba nesethulo se-3D sezakhiwo kwenza kube lula ukuhlanganisa ulwazi oluhlobene nenani labantu, imali engenayo, noma izinkomba zeminyaka yobudala ukuze kukhonjwe izindawo ezibucayi kakhulu.

Amamodeli we-LoD1: alula, kodwa alungele ukuhlaziywa okukhulu

Enye yezinsika zobuchwepheshe ze-Global Building Atlas ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kwamamodeli e-3D ku izinga lemininingwane 1 (LoD1)Leli zinga lichaza izakhiwo ezisebenzisa amavolumu alula athwebula i-geometry yazo eyisisekelo nobude, ngaphandle kokungena emininingwaneni emihle njengophahla oluyinkimbinkimbi, ovulandi, noma ukuthungwa kwe-facade.

Ngokusho kwethimba le-TUM, nxazonke 97% wezakhiwo (2,68 billion) Idatha efakwe ku-atlas inikezwa ngefomethi ye-LoD1. Lokhu kuvumela ukuphathwa kahle kwedathasethi ekufaniseni nasekuhlaziyeni okukhulu, okubalulekile lapho usebenza nedatha yomhlaba wonke ngempela.

Ukukhetha kwe-LoD1 kuphendula kubhalansi phakathi imininingwane kanye nokuphathwa kokubalaNakuba amazinga aphezulu emininingwane ekhona, acebe kakhulu ngokubuka kwejometri, izindleko zawo zokukhiqiza nezokugcina zingaphezu kwamandla omhlaba. Indlela ethathiwe inembile ngokwanele ezicelweni ezifana nokubalwa kwevolumu, izilinganiso zamandla okuhlala, noma ukuhlelwa kwengqalasizinda yezokuthutha kanye nezinsiza.

Emadolobheni aseYurophu naseSpain, lolu hlobo lwemodeli lungahlanganiswa nedatha ye-cadastral, izibalo zezenhlalo nezomnotho, noma ulwazi lwesimo sezulu sendawo. Lokhu kuvula umnyango wezifundo ezicoliseke kakhulu ku... ukusebenza kahle kwamandla ezindaweni ezisunguliweukuhlelwa kwezindawo zokunwetshwa kwamadolobha noma ukuhlolwa komthelela wengqalasizinda entsha endaweni yedolobha.

Vula idatha kusevisi ye-Sustainable Development Goals

Isici esibalulekile se-Global Building Atlas ukugxila kwayo kukho vula ukufinyelela kudathaIthimba elivela e-Technical University yaseMunich lenze isethi yamamodeli e-3D atholakale emphakathini wesayensi nasezikhungweni zomphakathi njengesisekelo esivamile sokusebenza esingaphakela imigqa eminingi yocwaningo nokuhlela amaphrojekthi.

Le filosofi ihambisana ngqo nezidingo zezinhlangano ezifana neNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene, ezidingayo ulwazi oluthembekile noluqhathanisekayo phakathi kwamazwe ukuze kulandelelwe inqubekelaphambili ebheke eziNhlosweni Zokuthuthukiswa Okusimeme (ama-SDG). Phakathi kwezinye izici, i-atlas isiza ukulinganisa ukusabalala kwedolobha, ukuminyana kwezindawo zokuhlala, kanye nokuba seduze kwenani labantu ezinsizeni eziyisisekelo.

E-Europe, ukutholakala kwemephu yokwakha yomhlaba wonke kungahambisana nezinhlelo ezifana ne-Copernicus noma imizamo kazwelonke yokubheka umhlaba, njenge I-Google Maps ene-GeminiNgokuhlanganisa izendlalelo ze-3D ze-Global Building Atlas nedatha yekhwalithi yomoya, ukuhamba, noma ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, amathuluzi abanzi atholwa ukulandelela inguquko amadolobha asimeme, abandakanya wonke umuntu futhi aqinile.

Ngomongo weSpanishi, abaphathi bezifunda nabasendaweni bangasebenzisa lezi zinhlobo zezinsiza ukuze buyekeza ukuxilonga kwendawo kanye nokuklama izinqubomgomo zomphakathi ezisekelwe ebufakazini. Isibonelo, lapho uhlela inethiwekhi yezithuthi zomphakathi, izindawo ezikhipha umoya omncane, noma amasu okuvuselela izindlu, ukuba nesendlalelo esinezinhlangothi ezintathu zesitokwe sesakhiwo kubaluleke kakhulu.

Izicelo ezinhlelweni zasemadolobheni, ingqalasizinda kanye nokulawulwa kobungozi

Ibanga lokusetshenziswa kwe-Global Building Atlas libanzi futhi lihlanganisa yonke into kusukela ku- ucwaningo lwezifundo ngisho nokuphathwa kwansuku zonke kwamadolobha. Emkhakheni wokuhlela amadolobha, amamodeli e-3D avumela ukubuka konke okusheshayo kokuma kwezindawo ezingomakhelwane, ukuhlonzwa kwezindawo ezinomthamo omkhulu wezakhiwo, kanye nokutholwa kweziqiwi zomhlaba ezisatholakala ukuze zithuthukiswe.

Ulwazi umthamo kanye nokuphakama kwezakhiwo nakho kubalulekile ukuze ukuhlela ingqalasizindaEzokuthutha, ukusatshalaliswa kukagesi, amanzi kanye nokukhucululwa kwendle noma amanethiwekhi okuxhumana angalinganiswa ngokunembe kakhudlwana uma ukusatshalaliswa kwezakhiwo kanye nenani labantu elingaba khona elingagxiliswa endaweni ngayinye kwaziwa ngokuningiliziwe.

Ngokuphathelene nokulawulwa kobungozi, ukumelwa okunezinhlangothi ezintathu kwesitoko sokwakha kusebenza njengokusekela belingisa izimo eziphuthumayoAmamodeli ezikhukhula, ukuhlaziya komoya owedlulele, noma izifundo zengozi yokuzamazama komhlaba zizuza ngokwangempela uma zifaka umumo nokuphakama kwezakhiwo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziminyene zasemadolobheni lapho ukuhlelwa kwezakhiwo kubekezelela ukusabalala komonakalo.

Abacwaningi baseYurophu nochwepheshe bangahlanganisa i-Global Building Atlas nezinye izingosi zolwazi zesifunda ukuze bacwengisise ukuhlola kwabo. Endabeni yamadolobha aseSpain achayeka ezenzakalweni zemvula enamandla, isibonelo, ukuhlanganisa amamodeli wokwakha we-3D ekufanisweni kwe-hydrological kusiza ukukhomba izinkinga ngemininingwane eminingi. amaphuzu abalulekile okuqoqwa kwamanzi noma izithiyo ezingase zibe khona ekukhipheni amanzi emvelo.

Konke lokhu kwenza i-atlas ibe ithuluzi eliguquguqukayo okuthi, ngaphandle kokuboshelwa emkhakheni owodwa wokufunda, linikeze isendlalelo solwazi lwesakhiwo inamandla kakhulu okungakhelwa kuwo ukuhlaziya okuhlukahlukene kwemikhakha.

Ngenhlanganisela yesikali somhlaba, ukulungiswa okuphezulu, kanye neZinga Lokuthuthukiswa (LoD1) okuhloselwe ukuhlaziya okukhulu, i-Global Building Atlas izimisa njenge ucezu oluphakathi Kulabo abadinga ukuqonda ukuthi amabhilidi asatshalaliswa futhi avela kanjani emhlabeni wonke, imvelo yayo yedatha evulekile, ukugxila kwayo ezifundeni ezingamelelwe kahle ngokwesiko, kanye namandla ayo okuthuthukisa kokubili ucwaningo lwesimo sezulu kanye nokuphathwa kwamadolobha kuyenza ibe insiza efanelekile ikakhulukazi eYurophu naseSpain, lapho ukuhlelwa kwendawo kanye nokuzivumelanisa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kudinga izinqumo ezisekelwe ebufakazini obuqinile.

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U-Alberto Navarro

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