Ukuhlonzwa kwezinombolo kuyisici esibalulekile emikhakheni eminingi yezobuchwepheshe nesayensi. Kusukela ekuqinisekisweni kwekhadi lesikweletu kuya ekubonweni kwephethini ezithombeni zedijithali, ukubona nokuqonda izinombolo kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwezinhlelo zokusebenza nezinhlelo eziningi. Kulesi sihloko, sizokwethula umhlahlandlela wezobuchwepheshe onemininingwane mayelana namasu namathuluzi ahlukene asetshenziselwa ukuqashelwa kwezinombolo kanye nokuhlonza, sinikeze umbono ophelele nowakamuva walo mkhakha wocwaningo obalulekile.
Isingeniso sokubonwa kwenombolo
Kulokhu okuthunyelwe, sizokunikeza isingeniso esiphelele sokubonwa kwenombolo futhi sikufundise konke okudingeka ukwazi ukuzibona ngokunembe nangempumelelo. Ukuqashelwa kwezinombolo kuyindlela eyisisekelo emkhakheni wobuhlakani bokwenziwa nokufunda komshini, futhi kusetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni eziningi zokusebenza, kusukela ekuhlonzeni amadijithi ezithombeni kuya ekutholeni ukukhwabanisa kwezentengiselwano zezimali.
Sizoqala ngokuchaza izisekelo zokubonwa kwenombolo nokuthi kwenziwa kanjani kusetshenziswa ama-algorithms okuhlukanisa namamodeli okufunda omshini. Sizokukhombisa ukubaluleka kokucutshungulwa ngaphambilini kwedatha ekuboneni izinombolo nezindlela ezahlukene ongazisebenzisa ukuze uthuthukise ikhwalithi nokunemba kwemiphumela.
Ukwengeza, sizokhuluma ngamasu athuthukisiwe ekuqashelweni kwenombolo, njengokuqaphela inombolo ebhalwe ngesandla nokuqaphela inombolo. ngesikhathi sangempela. Sizokunikeza amathiphu namasu okuthuthukisa amakhono akho okubona izinombolo futhi sikwethule eminye imitapo yolwazi edumile namathuluzi ongawasebenzisa ukuze usebenzise le nqubo kumaphrojekthi akho.
Ukubaluleka kokuhlonza izinombolo kubuchwepheshe besimanje
Izinombolo zikhona cishe kuzo zonke izindawo zobuchwepheshe besimanje, kusukela ukuqashelwa kobuso kuze kube isitoreji sedatha. Ukuhlonzwa kwabo okulungile kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlinzeka ngomhlahlandlela wezobuchwepheshe ozokusiza ukuthi uqonde nokuthi ungazibona kanjani ngendlela efanele.
Esinye sezici ezibalulekile zokuhlonza izinombolo kubuchwepheshe besimanje umehluko phakathi kwezinombolo eziphelele neziyingxenye. Ama-integer, okuyilawo angenawo amadesimali, asetshenziswa kakhulu ekugcinweni kwedatha nasekusebenzeni kwezibalo okuyinkimbinkimbi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinombolo eziyingxenye, eziqukethe amadesimali, zibalulekile ezindaweni ezifana nokuqaphela inkulumo kanye ukuhlakanipha okungekhona okwangempela.
Ukubona kahle izinombolo kubuchwepheshe besimanje, kubalulekile ukuqonda izisekelo zezinombolo ezisetshenziswayo. Ngaphezu kwesisekelo sedesimali esivamile, esisebenzisa amadijithi 0 kuya ku-9, kukhona nezinye izisekelo ezifana nesisekelo kanambambili (0 no-1) kanye nesisekelo se-hexadecimal (0 kuya ku-9 kanye nezinhlamvu A kuya ku-F). Lezi zisekelo zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekufakweni kwekhodi kwedatha nasekumeleleni imibala ezithombeni.
Kafushane, ukuhlonza inombolo okuyiyonayona kubalulekile kubuchwepheshe besimanje ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo nezinhlelo zokusebenza. Kubalulekile ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwezinombolo eziphelele neziqephu, kanye nezisekelo zezinombolo ezihlukene ezisetshenziswa kubuchwepheshe. Ngalo mhlahlandlela wobuchwepheshe, uzokwazi ukubona izinombolo ngokunembe kakhudlwana futhi usebenzise ngokugcwele izinzuzo ezikunikezayo umhlaba wethu wedijithali!
Izinselelo ezinkulu ekuboneni izinombolo
Amasistimu okubona izinombolo angamathuluzi abalulekile ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ekuqaphelisweni kwezinhlamvu kumadokhumenti kuya ekuboneni inombolo kamazisi yomuntu siqu. Nokho, kunezinselelo zobuchwepheshe ezimbalwa okufanele zinqotshwe ukuze kuzuzwe ukukhonjwa okunembayo nokuthembekile kwezinombolo.
Enye yazo ukushintshashintsha kokuma kwamadijithi. Izinombolo zingabhalwa ngamafonti nezitayela ezahlukene, okwenza ukukhonjwa kwazo okunembayo kube nzima. Ukwengeza, amadijithi angase afihlwe ngokwengxenye noma ahlanekezelwe ngenxa yezinto ezizungezile, njengezithunzi noma ikhwalithi yesithombe ephansi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa ama-algorithms nezindlela zokucubungula izithombe ezikwazi ukubona nokuzivumelanisa nalokhu kuhlukahluka.
Enye inselele ebalulekile ekuboneni izinombolo ukuba khona komsindo noma ukuphazamiseka ezithombeni. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yezinto zangaphandle, njengokungcola kwilensi yekhamera, noma izinkinga zokuthwebula isithombe, njengokucaca okuphansi noma ukukhanya okungekuhle, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuhlunga nokuhlunga ukuze unciphise umsindo kanye nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yesithombe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwe-segmentation kanye ne-algorithms yokuqaphela iphethini kubalulekile ukuze kuhlukaniswe izinombolo kusukela kuso sonke isithombe futhi uzibone ngokunembile.
Kafushane, ukuqashelwa kwenombolo kuveza izinselele zobuchwepheshe ezibalulekile ngenxa yokuhlukahluka kokuma kwamadijithi kanye nokuba khona komsindo nokuphazamiseka ezithombeni. Ukunqoba lezi zinselele kudinga ukuthuthukiswa kwezindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi zokucubungula izithombe namasu akwazi ukuzivumelanisa nokuhluka ekubhalweni kwezinombolo futhi ahlunge umsindo wokuhlonza okunembile Kulezi izinselele, inani amakhono okubona angathuthukiswa kakhulu futhi avuleke. amathuba amasha ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukukhonjwa okunembayo nokuthembekile kwezinombolo.
Izindlela nama-algorithms asetshenziselwa ukukhomba izinombolo
Izinombolo ziyizici ezibalulekile emkhakheni wezibalo futhi ukuhlonzwa kwazo okunembayo kubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zekhompyutha ezihlukahlukene. Kulo mhlahlandlela wobuchwepheshe, sizohlola izindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu nama-algorithms ukukhomba izinombolo. ngempumelelo futhi kunembile.
Enye yezindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu i-optical character recognition (OCR), esebenzisa ama-algorithms okubona ngekhompyutha ukukhomba nokukhipha izinombolo ezithombeni noma. amadokhumenti askeniwe. Lawa ma-algorithms ahlaziya umumo kanye iphethini yohlamvu ngalunye esithombeni, kusetshenziswa amasu afana nokuhlukaniswa kwesithombe nokubonwa kwesifanekiso ukuhlonza nokuhlukanisa izinombolo ezikhona.
Enye indlela esetshenziswa kabanzi i-algorithm yokuthola izinombolo, esekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwephethini nokumataniswa kwesici. Lawa ma-algorithms angakwazi ukukhomba izinombolo kuzo zombili izithombe nokulandelana kombhalo, futhi ngokuvamile asebenzise amasu okucubungula izithombe nokuhlaziya izibalo ukuze kutholwe amaphethini esici ezinombolo ezifiswayo. Ukwengeza, amasu omshini okufunda, njengamanethiwekhi emizwa, angasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ukunemba nokusebenza kahle kwenqubo yokuhlonza inombolo.
Ukucatshangelwa kobuchwepheshe ukusiza ukuqashelwa kwenombolo
Ukwenza lula ukuqashelwa kwenombolo, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukucatshangelwa okuthile kwezobuchwepheshe okungenza umehluko ekunembeni nasekusebenzeni kahle kwenqubo. Ngezansi, sethula umhlahlandlela wobuchwepheshe ekuhlonzeni izinombolo ozokusiza uthuthukise amasistimu akho nezinhlelo zokusebenza.
1. Ukulinganiswa kwekhamera: Ikhwalithi yesithombe esithwetshuliwe ibalulekile ukuze uthole inombolo enembile. Qiniseka ukuthi ulinganisa kahle ikhamera ukuze ugweme ukuhlanekezela nomsindo ezithombeni. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukulungisa ukuchayeka, ukusetha ukulungiswa, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukukhanya okwanele Ikhamera elinganiswe kahle izothuthukisa ukutholwa kwezinombolo futhi inciphise umkhawulo wephutha.
2. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinombolo: Ukuhlukaniswa okufanele kwezinombolo ezisesithombeni kubalulekile ukuze kube lula ukuqashelwa kwazo. Sebenzisa ama-algorithms okuhlukanisa izithombe akuvumela ukuthi ukhombe ngokucacile futhi uhlukanise inombolo ngayinye ngaphakathi kwesithombe esithwetshiwe. Lokhu kuhilela ukuhlukanisa izinombolo kunoma yiziphi ezinye izinto ezikhona esithombeni kanye nokususa ukuphazamiseka okungenzeka. Ukuhlukaniswa okunembile kuzovumela ukuhlaziya okusebenzayo kwezinombolo, ukuthuthukisa ukutholwa nokuhlukaniswa ngezigaba.
3. Ukuqeqeshwa okuyimodeli: Ukubonwa kwenombolo kusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwamamodeli okufunda omshini. Kubalulekile ukuqeqesha kahle lawa mamodeli ukuze uthole imiphumela enembile. Ihlinzeka ngezinhlobonhlobo zezibonelo zezinombolo, zombili ezibhalwe ngesandla neziphrintiwe, ukuze imodeli ifunde ukubona izitayela zokubhala ezihlukene nokuhluka. Ukwengeza, iqeqesha njalo imodeli ukuze ivumelane nezithombe namaphethini amasha.
Izincomo zokuthuthukisa ukunemba ekuhlonzeni izinombolo
Emkhakheni wokuba ukubonwa kwenombolo, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukunemba okukhulu ekukhombeni kwalezi zinhlamvu. Ukufeza lokhu, kuyadingeka ukuthi ulandele uchungechunge lwezincomo zobuchwepheshe ezizothuthukisa inqubo yokuqaphela Ngezansi eminye imihlahlandlela engasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ukunemba ekuhlonzeni inombolo.
1. Sebenzisa ama-algorithms wokucubungula asebenzayo: Isinyathelo Esokuqala sezinyathelo zokuqala zokuthuthukisa ukunemba ekukhombeni kwenombolo ukusebenzisa ama-algorithms okucubungula ngaphambilini asebenza kahle. Lawa ma-algorithms akuvumela ukuthi ukhiphe umsindo esithombeni futhi uthuthukise ukugqama, okwenza kube lula ukuthola nokubona izinombolo. Amanye ama-algorithms asetshenziswa kakhulu ahlanganisa ukususwa komsindo kusetshenziswa izihlungi, ukuthuthukiswa kokugqama kusetshenziswa amasu okulinganisa, kanye nokwesulwa kwangemuva ukuze kugqanyiswe izinombolo.
2. Amamodeli wokufunda womshini wokuqeqesha: Elinye isu elisebenzayo lokuthuthukisa ukunemba kokuhlonza izinombolo ukusebenzisa amamodeli okufunda ngomshini aqeqeshelwe le njongo. Lawa mamodeli angaqeqeshwa kusetshenziswa amasethi edatha aqukethe izithombe zezinombolo ezinelebula. Ngokusebenzisa amasu okufunda ajulile, njengamanethiwekhi e-convolutional neural, imiphumela enembe kakhulu ingatholwa ekuhlonzeni inombolo.
3. Yenza ukuhlukaniswa okuqondile: Ukuhlukaniswa kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekuhlonzeni inombolo, njengoba kuvumela inombolo ngayinye ukuthi ihlukaniswe ngaphakathi kusuka esithombeni noma ukulandelana kwezithombe. Ukuze kuzuzwe ukuhlukaniswa okunembile, kunconywa ukusebenzisa ukuhlukaniswa okusekelwe embundwini kanye nama-algorithms okuthola umphetho. Lawa ma-algorithms akuvumela ukuthi ubone imikhawulo yenombolo ngayinye futhi uyihlukanise nesithombe sonke. Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukwenza ukubuyekezwa ngesandla kwesegimenti ukulungisa amaphutha okungenzeka futhi uqinisekise ukunemba okuphelele ekuhlonzeni izinombolo.
Ngokulandela lezi zincomo, ukunemba kokuhlonza inombolo kungathuthukiswa kakhulu. Inhlanganisela yama-algorithms okucubungula ngaphambilini asebenza kahle, amamodeli okufunda omshini kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwezigaba okunembile kuzovumela ukuthola imiphumela ethembekile nenembile ekuqashelweni kwenombolo kuzimo zobuchwepheshe ezihlukahlukene.
Izicelo ezingokoqobo zokuqashelwa kwenombolo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke
Ukuqaphela izinombolo kuyikhono elisebenzayo neliwusizo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Nakuba ngezinye izikhathi kungase kubonakale kuyinto encane, ikhono lokubona nokuqonda izinombolo libalulekile ezimweni ezihlukahlukene zansuku zonke. Lapha sethula ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzayo zokuqaphela izinombolo ezizokusiza uqonde ukubaluleka nokusebenziseka kwayo.
1. Ukuphathwa kwezimali: Ukuqashelwa inombolo kubalulekile ukuze ugcine irekhodi elinembile lezimali zakho. Kusukela ekuhlonzeni izinombolo esitatimendeni sakho sasebhange kuya ekuqondeni idatha eku-invoyisi, ikhono lokubona izinombolo likuvumela ukuthi ulawule ngendlela efanele imisebenzi nezindleko zakho.
2. Ukuzulazula nesiqondiso: Izinombolo nazo zibalulekile ekuhambeni nasekuqondeni. Ukuthola indlela yakho kumephu, ukukhomba izikhombisi-ndlela, noma ukufunda izimpawu zethrafikhi kuncike emandleni akho okubona nokuqonda izinombolo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma kuziwa ezindaweni ezinembile noma ukuhlela uhambo oluphumelelayo.
Amathuba okuthuthukisa esikhathini esizayo ekubonweni kwenombolo
Endaweni yokuqashelwa kwenombolo, kunamathuba amaningi okwenza ngcono esikhathini esizayo angasiza ukuqhubekisela phambili lobu buchwepheshe. Ngezansi ezinye zezindawo ezibalulekile lapho kungenziwa khona intuthuko enkulu:
1. Ukusebenza kokuqashelwa okuthuthukisiwe: Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu ekuhlonzeni izinombolo ukuthuthukisa ukunemba kanye nesivinini sokuqashelwa. Lokhu Kungafinyelelwa ngokwakha ama-algorithms athuthuke kakhulu akwazi ukuthola nokubona izinombolo kuwo amafomethi ahlukene nezimo zokukhanyisa. Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa kwamasu okufunda komshini namanethiwekhi e-neural kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kokuqashelwa.
2. Ukufakwa kokuqashelwa kwezilimi eziningi: Njengamanje, okugxilwe kakhulu ekwamukeleni izinombolo kulimi lwesiNgisi. Nokho, kunesidingo esikhulu sobuchwephesheokwazi ukuhlonza izinombolo ngezilimiezihlukile. Ukwandisa amandla okuqashelwa kwezilimi eziningi kuzovumela lobu buchwepheshe ukuthi bufinyelele umhlaba wonke futhi kwenze kube lula ukuxhumana phakathi kwabantu abavela emazweni namasiko ahlukene.
3. Ukuqaliswa kokuqashelwa ku isikhathi sangempela: Intuthuko ebalulekile kule ndawo kuzoba ukuzuza ukuqashelwa kwenombolo yesikhathi sangempela. Lokhu kuzovumela ukusetshenziswa kwalobu buchwepheshe ezinhlelweni zokusebenza namasistimu ngesikhathi sangempela, njengesibonelo, ezinhlelweni zokukhokha noma ekutholeni ukukhwabanisa. Ukufeza lokhu, kuyadingeka ukuthuthukisa ama-algorithms wokuqashelwa nokusebenzisa ihadiwe ekhethekile engacubungula imininingwane ngokushesha nangempumelelo.
Ukucatshangelwa kwezimiso zokuziphatha ekuqashelweni kwenombolo
Esinye sezicieziyisisekelo okufanele sicatshangelweekuqashelweni kwenomboloukuhambisananokucatshangwa kwezimiso zokuziphatha. Ngalo mqondo, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ubumfihlo nokuvikelwa kwedatha yomsebenzisi noma izinombolo ezaziwayo kufanele zisetshenziselwe injongo emisiwe kuphela futhi akumele zibe ngaphansi kokusetshenziswa kabi noma ukudalulwa ngaphandle kwemvume yomsebenzisi.
Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukugwema ukuchema nokucwasa lapho uqaphela izinombolo. Ama-algorithms namamodeli asetshenzisiwe kufanele aqeqeshwe ngamasethi edatha alinganiselayo namele izigaba ezihlukahlukene, kugwenywe ukukhishwa noma ukucwaswa kwamaqembu athile. Izindlela zokulungisa kanye nokugada okuqhubekayo kufanele kusungulwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukungabikho kokuchema enqubweni yokuqaphela inombolo.
Okunye ukucatshangelwa kokuziphatha okubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba sobala nokuchazwa kohlelo lokuqaphela izinombolo. Abasebenzisi kufanele baziswe ngendlela ecacile neqondakalayo mayelana nokusetshenziswa kolwazi lwabo nokuthi inqubo yokuqashelwa yenziwa kanjani. Kufanele babe nethuba lokufinyelela futhi balungise idatha yabo, kanye nokucela ukuthi isuswe uma bethanda.
Iziphetho kanye nemicabango yokugcina mayelana nokuqashelwa kwenombolo
Sengiphetha, ukuqashelwa kwezinombolo kuyikhono eliyisisekelo emkhakheni wolwazi nobuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana. Ngalo mhlahlandlela wobuchwepheshe, sihlole izindlela ezihlukene nezindlela zokuhlonza izinombolo zocingo. indlela ephumelelayo futhi unembile. Kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi ukuqashelwa kwezinombolo kuwumsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi, njengoba kunezindlela ezihlukene zokumela izinombolo nokuguquguquka okungaba nomthelela ekufundeni kwazo.
Ukuboniswa okubalulekile ukubaluleka kokunemba ekuqashelweni kwenombolo, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni ezibandakanya ukuthengiselana kwezezimali noma amabhakhodi. Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukujwayelana nemikhawulo yama-algorithms namamodeli asetshenziselwa ukuqashelwa kwezinombolo, njengoba kungathinta ukunemba kwemiphumela.
Okokugcina, kubalulekile ukugqamisa ukubaluleka kwekhwalithi yedatha ekuqashelweni kwenombolo. Isethi yedatha emele futhi enelebula kahle iyadingeka ukuze uqeqeshe amamodeli okufunda omshini futhi uthole imiphumela ethembekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyatuseka ukwenza ukuhlola okubanzi nokuhlola ngezikhathi ezithile izinombolo izinhlelo zokuqashelwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba nokusebenza kahle kwazo esikhathini eside.
Sengiphetha, ukuhlonza inombolo Kuyinqubo ubuchwepheshe obudinga ukunemba nokusebenza kahle. Umhlahlandlela esiwethule kule ndatshana unikeza indlela enemininingwane nebanzi yokubona nokuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinombolo. Ngokusetshenziswa kwezindlela ezahlukene nama-algorithms, kungenzeka ukuzuza imiphumela egculisayo ekuqashelweni kwezinombolo kuzo zombili izithombe kanye nombhalo obhaliwe.
Lo mhlahlandlela wobuchwepheshe uyithuluzi eliyigugu lochwepheshe nochwepheshe emkhakheni wokuhlonza izinombolo, ohlinzeka ngezisekelo zethiyori nezisebenzayo ezidingekayo ukuze kwenziwe lo msebenzi. ngempumeleloNgaphandle kwalokho, kuyakufanelekela lokho gqamisa ukubaluleka kokuba nezinhlelo ezibuyekeziwe nesofthiwe esebenzisa ukufunda komshini okuthuthukisiwe nezindlela zokubona ngekhompyutha ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunemba nesivinini sokuqashelwa.
Kafushane, ukuhlonzwa kwenombolo kuyinkambu yenguquko eqhubekayo kanye nesidingo esiqhubekayo sokuthuthukiswa. Ngomhlahlandlela wobuchwepheshe owethulwe kulesi sihloko, sethemba ukuthi sinikeze ukubuka konke okuphelele nokuwusizo ezicini ezibalulekile ukuze sibone futhi siqonde izinombolo izimo ezahlukene. Ukuhlala unolwazi lwakamuva ngamathrendi nentuthuko yakamuva kule ndawo ngokungangabazeki kuzovumela ukuhlonzwa kwenombolo okunembe kakhudlwana nokusebenza kahle esikhathini esizayo.
Ngingu-Sebastián Vidal, unjiniyela wekhompyutha ozifelayo ngobuchwepheshe kanye ne-DIY. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngingumdali we tecnobits.com, lapho ngabelana khona ngezifundo zokwenza ubuchwepheshe bufinyeleleke kakhudlwana futhi buqonde wonke umuntu.