Esimeni sezomnotho nezepolitiki, i-socialism ingumqondo odale izimpikiswano nemibuzo ebanzi emhlabeni jikelele. Njengoba imiphakathi ibheka ezinye izindlela zomnotho kanye nezibonelo zikahulumeni, kuba nokukhathazeka mayelana nokusetshenziswa kanye nemiphumela yesocialism. Iyini ngempela i-socialism? Yiziphi izimiso nezinjongo zayo? Iqhathaniseka kanjani nezinye izinhlelo zezepolitiki nezomnotho? Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola le mibuzo neminye evame ukubuzwa mayelana ne-socialism, ngenhloso yokuhlinzeka ngombono wezobuchwepheshe nokungathathi hlangothi kulesi sihloko esiyinkimbinkimbi nesiphikisanayo.
01. Isingeniso kuSocialism: imiqondo eyisisekelo kanye nezimiso eziyisisekelo
I-Socialism wuhlelo lwenhlalo-mnotho olusekelwe emalungelweni alinganayo namathuba awo wonke amalungu omphakathi. Kulolu hlelo, izindlela zokukhiqiza ziphethwe ngokuhlanganyela futhi zabiwa ngokulinganayo phakathi kwabasebenzi. Inhloso ye-socialism ukuqeda ukuxhashazwa kanye nokungalingani emphakathini, ukukhuthaza ubulungiswa kanye nenhlalakahle okuvamile.
Ukuze uqonde i-socialism, kubalulekile ukujwayela imiqondo ethile eyisisekelo. Okokuqala, i-socialism iphikisana ne-capitalism kanye nesistimu yemakethe yamahhala, ikholelwa ukuthi lezi zakhiwo ziqhubekisela phambili ukungalingani nokuxhashazwa. Kunalokho, iphakamisa umnotho ohleliwe futhi olawulwa umphakathi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwaneliseka kwezidingo eziyisisekelo zabo bonke abantu.
Izimiso eziyisisekelo ze-socialism zihlanganisa ukufinyelela okulinganayo emfundweni, ezempilo kanye nezindlu, kanye nokwabiwa kwengcebo ngendlela efanele. Ohlelweni lwezenhlalakahle, uMbuso unendima ebalulekile ekulawuleni umnotho kanye nokuvikela amalungelo abasebenzi. Ubumbano, ukubambisana kanye nenhlalakahle ngokuhlanganyela kuyakhuthazwa phezu kwenzuzo yomuntu ngamunye.
02. Iyini i-socialism futhi ihluke kanjani kwezinye izinhlelo zezepolitiki nezomnotho?
I-Socialism iyithiyori yezepolitiki nezomnotho efuna ukusungula uhlelo lapho izindlela zokukhiqiza zilawulwa futhi zilawulwa ngumphakathi wonkana, hhayi ngabantu noma izinkampani ezizimele. Isekelwe embonweni wokulingana komphakathi kanye nokusatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo kwezinsiza.
Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlelo zezombangazwe nezomnotho ezifana ne-capitalism, ebonakala ngobunikazi bangasese bezindlela zokukhiqiza nokuncintisana phakathi kwezinkampani, i-socialism ifuna ukuqeda noma ukunciphisa impahla yomuntu siqu futhi ikhuthaze impahla yeqoqo noma yombuso. Ohlelweni lwezenhlalakahle, uMbuso unendima ebalulekile ekuhleleni nasekulawuleni umnotho, kanye nasekwabiweni kabusha komcebo.
I-Socialism nayo ihlukile kubuKhomanisi, nakuba behlanganyela izimiso ezithile. Nakuba ubukhomanisi bufuna umphakathi ongenazigaba nongenazwelonke, i-socialism ayifuni ngempela ukuqedwa ngokuphelele kombuso noma ukuqedwa kwezigaba zomphakathi, kodwa kunalokho ukuncishiswa kokungalingani kanye nokukhuthazwa kobulungisa bezenhlalakahle ngokungenelela kukahulumeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-socialism ingazibonakalisa ngezindlela ezahlukene, njenge-socialism yentando yeningi, i-state socialism noma i-market socialism.
03. Umsuka womlando we-socialism kanye nemisinga yayo eyinhloko yemibono
ISocialism iyinhlangano yezepolitiki nezomnotho eyaqala ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. Kuvele njengempendulo yokungalingani kwezenhlalo nezomnotho okubangelwa ubunxiwankulu bezimboni eYurophu. Kuwo wonke umlando wayo, i-socialism ihlangabezane nemisinga ehlukahlukene yemibono evikela izinhlobo ezahlukene zenhlangano yezenhlalo nezomnotho.
Enye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu zesocialism yi-utopian socialism, eyavela ngekhulu le-19 futhi yahlongozwa ongqondongqondo abafana noCharles Fourier noRobert Owen. Lawa ma-utopians afuna ukudalwa kwemiphakathi ephelele esekelwe ekulinganeni kanye nobulungiswa bezenhlalakahle. Nokho, le mibono ayizange ibonakale ekusebenzeni.
Enye yamanje efanelekile i-science socialism, eyaziwa nangokuthi iMarxism. Lesi sakamuva sathuthukiswa nguKarl Marx noFriedrich Engels ngekhulu le-19. I-Marxism iphakamisa ukuqedwa kwempahla yomuntu siqu kanye nokusungulwa komphakathi ongenazigaba, lapho izindlela zokukhiqiza ziyimpahla yoMbuso noma yomphakathi. Lo mbono ube nethonya elikhulu ezenzweni zomphakathi kanye nokuvukela umbuso kulo lonke yomlando.
04. Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwe-socialism emazweni ahlukene
Kulesi sigaba, sizoxazulula eminye yemibuzo evamile ehlobene nokusetshenziswa kwe-socialism emazweni ahlukene. Ngezansi uzothola izimpendulo ezicacile nezifushane ukuze uqonde kangcono lolu hlelo lwezomnotho nezepolitiki:
Yimaphi amazwe asebenzise i-socialism?
Kunamazwe amaningana emhlabeni esezamukele izinhlobo ezahlukene zesocialism, egqame kakhulu kube yiCuba, iChina, iNorth Korea kanye neVenezuela. Nokho, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izwe ngalinye liye lasebenzisa i-socialism ngendlela ehlukile, liyivumelanisa nezimo zalo zezombangazwe nezomnotho.
Yiziphi izici eziyinhloko ze-socialism?
I-Socialism ibonakala ngobunikazi bomphakathi noma obuhlangene bezindlela zokukhiqiza, ukuhlela umnotho okumaphakathi, amalungelo alinganayo namathuba, kanye nokusatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo kwezinsiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ifuna ukuqeda ukungalingani kwezenhlalakahle futhi ikhuthaze inhlalakahle ngokuhlanganyela ngezinqubomgomo zenhlalo nezomnotho.
Kube yini izinselelo kanye nemiphumela yokusetshenziswa kwe-socialism?
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-socialism kuye kwabhekana nezinselele ezihlukahlukene emazweni ahlukene, njengokushoda kwezikhuthazi zokukhiqiza, ukushoda kwezimpahla kanye nezinsizakalo, kanye nokuvinjelwa kwenkululeko yomuntu ngamunye. Mayelana nemiphumela, amanye amazwe enze inqubekelaphambili ebonakalayo ekunciphiseni ubumpofu, ukuthuthukisa imfundo nempilo, kanti amanye ahlangabezane nobunzima bezomnotho nezenhlalakahle.
05. Ukuhlaziywa komnotho we-socialism: kuhlelwe kanjani ukukhiqizwa nokusatshalaliswa kwezimpahla nezinsizakalo?
Ekuhlaziyeni umnotho we-socialism, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukukhiqizwa nokusatshalaliswa kwezimpahla nezinsizakalo kuhlelwa kanjani ohlelweni lwezomnotho lwalolu hlobo. Ngokungafani ne-capitalism, lapho ubunikazi bezinto zokukhiqiza buwela ezandleni zangasese, ku-socialism lezi zindlela ziyimpahla ehlangene noma yombuso.
Ngokuvamile, i-socialism ifuna ukusungula ukuhlelwa komnotho okumaphakathi, lapho kunqunywa ukuthi yiziphi izimpahla namasevisi azokhiqizwa, ngamanani angakanani futhi azosatshalaliswa kanjani. Ngokuhlela, sifuna ukusungula ukwabiwa komcebo ngokulinganayo, sigwema ukungalingani okudlulele okuvame ukuvela ezinhlelweni zonxiwankulu.
Ukukhiqizwa ku-socialism kuhlelwa ngokusekelwe ohlelweni lwezomnotho olulungiswe izikhungo zikahulumeni omkhulu. Lolu hlelo lusungula imigomo yokukhiqiza nokusabalalisa, futhi lwenziwa yizinkampani zikahulumeni noma amadlelandawonye. Ubunikazi bangasese bezinto zokukhiqiza bunomkhawulo kakhulu, futhi umkhakha womphakathi unendima enkulu emnothweni.
06. Iyini indima yoMbuso ohlelweni lwezenhlalakahle futhi zithathwa kanjani izinqumo zezombusazwe?
Iqhaza loMbuso ohlelweni lwezenhlalakahle liyisisekelo, ngoba unomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqinisekisa ukulingana nokuphila kahle kwazo zonke izakhamuzi. Okokuqala, uMbuso unomthwalo wemfanelo wokuhlela nokulawula umnotho, uqinisekise ukwabiwa kwezinsiza ngokulinganayo futhi ugweme ukunqwabelana kwamandla omnotho ezandleni zabambalwa. Lokhu kusho ubunikazi bombuso bezindlela eziyinhloko zokukhiqiza, kanye nokulawulwa kwamanani kanye nokungenelela ekukhiqizeni nasekusetshenzisweni.
Ngaphezu kwendima yawo yezomnotho, uMbuso ubuye ubambe iqhaza eliwujuqu kwezepolitiki. ohlelweni usocialist. Izinqumo zezombusazwe zenziwa ngokuhlanganyela ngohlelo lwentando yeningi, lapho zonke izakhamuzi zinelungelo lokubamba iqhaza futhi ziveze imibono yazo. Umbuso unesibopho sokuqinisekisa le nqubo kanye nokuqinisekisa izithakazelo kanye nezidingo zeningi. Kuze kube manje, kusungulwe izindlela zokubamba iqhaza kwezakhamizi, njengemihlangano emikhulu, ukubonisana kanye nezinhlolovo, lapho izinqubomgomo nezinyathelo okumele zisetshenziswe zixoxwa futhi zinqunywe.
Kafushane, ohlelweni lwezenhlalakahle uMbuso udlala indima ebalulekile ekuhleleni nasekulawuleni umnotho, kanye nasekuthatheni izinqumo zezombusazwe. Inhloso yawo enkulu ukuqinisekisa ukulingana nokuphila kahle kwazo zonke izakhamuzi, ukugwema ukuxhashazwa nokungalingani kwezomnotho. Ngobunikazi bombuso bezindlela zokukhiqiza kanye nokubamba iqhaza kwezakhamizi ohlelweni lwezepolitiki, sifuna ukwakha umphakathi olinganayo nonobulungisa. Kubalulekile ukugqamisa ukuthi lezi zinqumo nezinyathelo zithathwa ngokuhlanganyela, njalo zifuna inzuzo yabaningi kanye nokuguqulwa kwesakhiwo sezenhlalakahle.
07. Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kwe-socialism uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlelo zezenhlalo nezomnotho
I-Socialism wuhlelo lwenhlalo-mnotho okuxoxwe ngalo futhi kwaphikiswana ngalo emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yezimpawu zalo ezihlukile. Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko ze-socialism ukugxila kwayo ekulinganeni nasekuhlukaniseni kabusha ingcebo. Kulolu hlelo, izinsiza nezindlela zokukhiqiza ziphethwe nguHulumeni noma iqoqo, okuvumela zonke izakhamizi ukuba zithole ukufinyelela okulinganayo kuzo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhloso enkulu yesocialism ukuqinisekisa inhlalakahle yomphakathi kanye nokuvikelwa. Lokhu kufezwa ngokuhlinzekwa kwezidingongqangi ezifana nezemfundo, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nezindlu, ezithathwa njengamalungelo ayisisekelo azo zonke izakhamizi. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi nalabo abanezinsiza ezimbalwa bayafinyelela kulezi zinsizakalo ezibalulekile, esiza ukunciphisa ukungalingani nokudala umphakathi olinganayo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-socialism nayo inezinkinga ezibalulekile ezike zaba yindaba yokugxekwa. Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu ezihambisana nalolu hlelo ukushoda kwezikhuthazi zokusungula izinto ezintsha nokusebenza kahle kwezomnotho. Njengoba kungekho mncintiswano oqondile emakethe, abanye baphikisa ngokuthi isisusa sokuthuthukisa nokuthuthukisa imibono emisha siyancipha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthathwa kwezinqumo endaweni eyodwa kungaholela ekuphathweni kwezikhulu, enkohlakalweni, kanye nokuntuleka kobuchule ekuphathweni kwezinsiza..
Kafushane, i-socialism iveza izinzuzo eziphawulekayo ezifana nokulingana nokuvikelwa komphakathi, okuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izakhamuzi ziyakwazi ukufinyelela izinsiza nezinsizakalo eziyisisekelo. Kodwa-ke, kuphinde kube nokubi okungalungile okubalulekile, njengokushoda kwezikhuthazi zokusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokuthathwa kwezinqumo endaweni eyodwa. Kubalulekile ukuzihlaziya ngokucophelela lezi izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi lapho kuhlolwa ukufaneleka kwe-socialism uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlelo zezenhlalo nezomnotho.
08. Ingabe ukuhlalisana ngokuthula phakathi kwe-socialism kanye ne-capitalism kungenzeka?
Umbuzo mayelana nokuphilisana okunokuthula okungenzeka phakathi kwe-socialism kanye ne-capitalism udale inkulumo-mpikiswano eshubile emkhakheni wezemfundo nezombusazwe. Zombili lezi zinhlelo zezomnotho zinezisekelo nezinjongo ezihlukene, okuye kwaholela ezikhundleni ezeqisayo kanye nokungqubuzana ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuhlaziya ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuhlalisana okuvumelanayo phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili.
Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi kokubili i-socialism kanye ne-capitalism inezici ezinhle ezingase zihambisana ohlelweni oluxubile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-socialism ifuna ukunciphisa ukungalingani kwezenhlalakahle kanye nokuqinisekisa ukufinyelela ezinsizeni eziyisisekelo zabo bonke abantu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubunxiwankulu bukhuthaza inkululeko yosomabhizinisi kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezomnotho. Lezi zici zingahlanganiswa ukuze kuzuzwe umphakathi olinganayo futhi ophumelelayo.
- Isixazululo esingaba khona kungaba ukusungula uhlaka lwezomthetho oluvumela ukuhlalisana kwazo zombili izinhlelo ngendlela elawulwayo nelinganayo.
- Ukwengeza, ukuqaliswa kwezinqubomgomo zomphakathi ezithuthukisa ubulungiswa bezenhlalakahle kanye nenkululeko yemakethe ngesikhathi esisodwa kungakhuthazwa.
- Kubalulekile ukwakha izikhala zezingxoxo kanye nokuxoxisana phakathi kwabadlali abathintekayo ukuze kutholakale ukuvumelana nokugwema ukungqubuzana.
Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukugqamisa ukuthi ukuqaliswa kokuhlalisana ngokuthula phakathi kwe-socialism kanye ne-capitalism kungadinga ukuzibophezela kwangempela kubaholi bezombangazwe nezomnotho. Ukwengeza, ukulungiswa nokuguqulwa kuyodingeka kuzo zombili izinhlelo ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwazo. Ngamafuphi, ithuba lokuhlalisana ngokuzwana phakathi kwe-socialism kanye ne-capitalism kusemandleni okuthola into efanayo nokufuna izixazululo ezizuzisa wonke umphakathi.
09. Umthelela weSocialism ekulinganeni komphakathi kanye nokusabalalisa ingcebo
I-Socialism ibe nomthelela omkhulu ekulinganeni kwezenhlalakahle kanye nokusabalalisa ingcebo. Enye yezinjongo eziyinhloko ze-socialism ukunciphisa igebe lezomnotho phakathi kwezakhamuzi kanye nokukhuthaza ukulingana emphakathini. Ukufeza lokhu, sekuqaliswe izinqubomgomo nezinyathelo ezehlukene ezifuna ukwaba kabusha ingcebo ngendlela efanele.
Phakathi kwamasu asetshenziswa yiSocialism kubalwa ukufakwa kwezimboni ezibalulekile ngaphansi kukahulumeni, okusho ukuthi zilawulwa nguHulumeni esikhundleni sezinkampani ezizimele. Lokhu kuhlose ukuvimbela ukuqoqwa ngokweqile komcebo ngabambalwa futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinzuzo zabiwa ngokulinganayo phakathi kwabantu. Ukwengeza, izintela eziqhubekayo ziyakhuthazwa, lapho abantu abahola imali ephakeme benikela ngengxenye enkulu yomcebo wabo kuHulumeni, okunomthelela ekwabiweni okulinganayo kwemithombo yezomnotho.
Esinye isinyathelo esibalulekile ukwakhiwa kwezinhlelo zezenhlalakahle, ezifuna ukuqinisekisa ukufinyeleleka kwezidingongqangi njengemfundo, ezempilo kanye nezindlu kuzo zonke izakhamuzi, kungakhathaliseki izinga lazo lezenhlalo nezomnotho. Lokhu kuthuthukisa amathuba emikhakha ebincishwe amathuba kakhulu futhi kunomthelela ekwehliseni ukungalingani kwezenhlalo. Ukwengeza, amathuba alinganayo athuthukiswa ngezinqubomgomo zokufakwa komphakathi kanye nokugqugquzela ukubamba iqhaza kwezakhamizi.
10. Imibuzo mayelana ne-socialism kanye nobudlelwano bayo namalungelo abantu kanye nenkululeko yomuntu siqu
Kulesi sigaba, sizobhekana neminye yemibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nenhlalakahle kanye nomthelela wayo emalungelweni omuntu kanye nenkululeko yomuntu siqu. Kubalulekile ukuqonda izisekelo ze-socialism futhi sihlaziye ukuthi ihlobana kanjani nalezi zici ezibalulekile zomphakathi.
1. Iyini i-socialism futhi ichazwa kanjani? I-Socialism ichazwa njengohlelo lwezenhlalo nezomnotho lapho izindlela zokukhiqiza ziyimpahla evamile futhi izinsiza zabiwa ngokulinganayo. Lolu hlelo luhlose ukunciphisa ukungalingani kwezenhlalakahle futhi lukhuthaze ubulungiswa bezenhlalakahle.
2. I-socialism iwathinta kanjani amalungelo abantu? Okunye ukugxeka kwe-socialism kusikisela ukuthi ukuqoqwa kwezinsiza kungakhawulela inkululeko yomuntu ngamunye. Nokho, abavikeli bezenhlalakahle baphikisa ngokuthi lolu hlelo luphishekela inhlalakahle evamile kanye nokuvikelwa kwamalungelo ayisisekelo azo zonke izakhamuzi.
3. I-socialism inamuphi umthelela enkululekweni yomuntu siqu? Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-socialism kanye nenkululeko yomuntu siqu kuyisihloko okudingidwa ngaso. Abanye baphikisa ngokuthi ukugcizelela ukulingana kwezomnotho nokulawulwa kombuso kungabeka imingcele inkululeko yomuntu ngamunye. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuthiwa ukufinyeleleka komhlaba wonke ezinsizeni eziyisisekelo kanye nokuqedwa kokuxhashazwa kwabasebenzi kungaba nomthelela enkululekweni enkulu kanye nokuphila kahle emphakathini.
Sengiphetha, i-socialism iphakamisa imibuzo ethakazelisayo mayelana nobuhlobo bayo namalungelo omuntu ngamunye kanye nenkululeko yomuntu siqu. Nakuba kunokukhathazeka kanye nezinkulumo-mpikiswano ezizungezile lezi zindaba, kubalulekile ukuqonda izisekelo nezinjongo zalolu hlelo lwenhlalo-mnotho ukuze kwakheke imibono enolwazi. Ngokuqhubekayo, kuba semqoka ukuhlaziya kanye nenkulumo-mpikiswano mayelana nendlela yokulinganisa ubulungiswa bezenhlalakahle kanye namalungelo omuntu ngamunye kanye nenkululeko ukuphishekela umphakathi onokuzwana.
11. Imibono ngokusimama kwemvelo ohlelweni lwezenhlalakahle
Inkulumompikiswano mayelana nokusimama kwemvelo ohlelweni lwezenhlalakahle isiphenduke isihloko esifanele emphakathini wethu wamanje. Nakuba indlela ye-socialist ifuna ngokuyinhloko ukulingana kanye nobulungiswa bezenhlalakahle, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi singaqinisekisa kanjani ukuvikelwa nokulondolozwa indawo ezungezile kulo mongo.
Ukucabangisisa okubalulekile kulo mqondo kulele esidingweni sokuqwashisa umphakathi ngokubaluleka kokwamukela izinqubo ezisimeme emiphakathini yabo. impilo yansuku zonke. Lokhu kuhilela ukukhuthaza ukuncishiswa kokusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukugaywa kabusha nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwezinto, kanye nokukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukufundisa abantu ngezinzuzo zokudla okunempilo kanye nokusetshenziswa kahle kwemithombo yemvelo.
Isici esibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kokusimama kwemvelo ohlelweni lwezenhlalakahle ukuqaliswa kwezinqubomgomo ezisebenzayo zomphakathi. Lokhu kubandakanya ukusungulwa kwemithetho nemithethonqubo ekhuthaza ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, kanye nokusungulwa kwezikhuthazo zomnotho zalezo zinkampani nezakhamuzi ezisebenzisa izinqubo ezisimeme. Ngokunjalo, kubalulekile ukugqugquzela ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obuhlanzekile obunomthelela ekongiweni kwemvelo.
12. Imfundo nempilo esimweni senhlalakahle: yiziphi izinguquko ezibonwayo?
Esimeni senhlalakahle, izinguquko ezibalulekile ziyabonwa emikhakheni yezemfundo nezempilo, ezigxile ekuqinisekiseni ukufinyeleleka okulinganayo kanye nekhwalithi yazo zonke izakhamizi.
Emkhakheni wezemfundo, ukuqeqeshwa okuphelele kwabantu ngabanye kubekwa phambili, kukhuthazwa ukufakwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono abalulekile. Ukuhlanganyela okukhuthele kwabafundi ekuthathweni kwezinqumo kuyakhuthazwa, ukubahlinzeka ngamathuluzi okwakha ngokuhlanganyela ulwazi. Ukwengeza, iqinisekisa ukuthi imfundo imahhala futhi iyathengeka kubo bonke, isuse imigoqo yezenhlalo nezomnotho ekhawulela ukufinyelela emfundweni.
Mayelana nezempilo, izinqubomgomo ziyasetshenziswa ezifuna ukuqinisekisa ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okuseqophelweni eliphezulu. Izinhlelo zezempilo zomphakathi ziyaqiniswa, ziqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izakhamizi ziyakwazi ukufinyelela ezinsizeni zezokwelapha ezibalulekile kungakhathaliseki isimo sazo sezomnotho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kugqugquzelwa imfundo yokuvikela kanye nezempilo, kuhlanganise nezinhlelo zokuthuthukisa imikhuba enempilo nokuqwashisa ngezifo. Lezi zinyathelo zifaka isandla ekwehliseni ukungalingani kwezempilo kanye nokwenza ngcono izinga lempilo yabantu ngokubanzi.
13. I-Socialism njengenjini yokuthuthukiswa kwesayensi nezobuchwepheshe
I-Socialism, njengohlelo lwezombangazwe nezomnotho oluqondiswe ekulinganeni nobulungiswa bezenhlalakahle, idlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe bemiphakathi. Ngaphakathi kohlaka lwezenhlalakahle, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezemfundo, ucwaningo kanye nentuthuko kuyakhuthazwa, ukuhlinzeka ngezinsiza ezidingekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nenqubekela phambili yezobuchwepheshe.
Enye yezinsika eziyinhloko zokuthuthukiswa kwesayensi nezobuchwepheshe ohlelweni lwezenhlalakahle yimfundo. Ukufinyelela kuwo wonke umhlaba emfundweni esezingeni kubalulekile ukuze kwakhiwe umphakathi onolwazi namakhono adingekayo ukuze kuthuthuke isayensi nezobuchwepheshe. Ngalo mqondo, ukuqeqeshwa nokuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo kochwepheshe emkhakheni wesayensi, ezobuchwepheshe kanye nezobuchwepheshe kuyakhuthazwa, kanye nokuvuselelwa njalo kolwazi namakhono abasebenzi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-socialism ikhuthaza ucwaningo lwesayensi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe, ukwaba izimali kanye nezinsiza zabantu ukuze kwenziwe amaphrojekthi amasha. Lokhu kutshalwa kwezimali kuqondiswe ekuthuthukisweni kwezixazululo ezizuzisa wonke umphakathi, ezikhuthaza ukudalwa nokwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisa izinga lempilo yabantu. Ngokunjalo, ukubambisana nokudluliselwa kolwazi phakathi kwezikhungo namazwe kuyakhuthazwa, kufunwa intuthuko yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe ezingeni lomhlaba jikelele.
Sengiphetha, i-socialism ihlinzeka ngezimo ezidingekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe intuthuko yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe emphakathini. Ngemfundo, ucwaningo kanye nentuthuko, ukuqeqeshwa kochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe kuyakhuthazwa futhi kukhiqizwa izixazululo ezintsha ezizuzisa wonke umphakathi. Indlela yokulingana kanye nobulungiswa bezenhlalakahle ekhuthazwa yi-socialism iqinisekisa ukuthi le ntuthuko ngaphakathi kokufinyelela kwawo wonke umuntu, ngaleyo ndlela kube neqhaza entuthukweni nasenhlalakahleni yomphakathi wonkana.
14. Yiziphi izinselele eziyinhloko kanye nemibono ye-socialism ekhulwini lama-XNUMX?
Kuyo Ikhulu lama-21, i-socialism ibhekene nezinselele ezihlukahlukene futhi ifuna ukuthola imibono yokuqhubeka nokuthuthuka kwayo. Ngezansi ezinye zezinselelo ezinkulu kanye nemibono ye-socialism ekhulwini lama-21:
1. Ukuzijwayeza endaweni yembulunga yonke: Enye yezinselelo ezibaluleke kakhulu ilele ekuguquleni i-socialism ibe yizwe eliya ngokukhula kwembulunga yonke. Lokhu kusho isidingo sokuthola izindlela zokuhlanganisa umnotho womhlaba kanye nokusungula ubudlelwano bezohwebo nezepolitiki namanye amazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa amasu avumela ukugcina ubukhosi bezomnotho nezepolitiki besocialism endaweni ehlangene yomhlaba wonke.
2. Ukuvuselelwa kwemibono kanye nokunqoba izinselele zomlando: I-Socialism kumele ibhekane nenselelo yokuvuselela imibono yayo kanye nokunqoba izinselelo zomlando ebibhekane nazo phambilini. Lokhu kuhilela ukucabanga ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwangaphambilini kwezenhlalakahle, ukukhomba amaphutha nokwehluleka, nokubheka izindlela ezintsha zokwakha i-socialism ebandakanya wonke umuntu nentando yeningi.
3. Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe kanye noshintsho emphakathini: Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kanye noshintsho lwezenhlalo kumele inselele kanye nombono wesocialism ekhulwini lama-21. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-socialism kufanele isebenzise ubuchwepheshe obusha ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kanye nezinga lempilo yabantu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele ibhekane nezinselele ezivela ekushintsheni kwezenhlalakahle, njengesidingo sokuqinisekisa amalungelo edijithali, ukuvikelwa kobumfihlo kanye nokulawulwa. ubuhlakani bokwenziwa.
Ngamafuphi, imibuzo mayelana ne-socialism ingaphakathi ohlelweni lwezepolitiki nezomnotho olususe izimpikiswano ezishisayo kulo lonke. kuwo wonke umlando. Ngokuhlaziya nokuhlola le mibuzo, sithole isithombe esicacile semiqondo nezisekelo ezisekelwe ku-socialism, kanye nemithelela yayo emikhakheni eyahlukene yomphakathi.
Ekuphenduleni imibuzo ephakanyiswe, sihlole izimiso neziphakamiso ze-socialism, kanye nezinzuzo ezingase zibe khona kanye nokubi. Siphinde sacubungula ukugxeka nokukhathazeka okuphakanyiswe abamelene nabo, sinikeza ukuhlaziya okuhlosiwe kokuphikisayo.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lezi zimpendulo azihloselwe ukuba zibe nencazelo noma eziphelele, njengoba i-socialism ingumqondo oguqukayo futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kungahluka emiphakathini nasezimo ezihlukene. Kodwa-ke, lesi sihloko sinikeze umbono wemibuzo evame kakhulu mayelana ne-socialism futhi simeme ukuzindla ngokuhambisana nokusetshenziswa kwayo emhlabeni wanamuhla.
Kuyo yonke le nqubo, sizamile ukugcina indlela yobuchwepheshe nengathathi hlangothi, sethula imibono ehlukene kanye nezimpikiswano ngendlela engachemi. Inhloso yethu bekuwukufaka isandla ekuqondeni nasengxoxweni enolwazi mayelana nesocialism, sivumele abafundi ukuthi bazenzele eyabo imibono neziphetho.
Sithemba ukuthi lesi sihloko sibe usizo ekucaciseni ukungabaza okuthile futhi sinikeze isisekelo esiqinile sokuqhubeka nokuhlola izwe elithakazelisayo lezenhlalakahle. Njengoba imiphakathi ithuthuka nezinselele zishintsha, kusazoqhubeka kuba nemibuzo kanye nezinkulumo mpikiswano mayelana nalolu hlelo. Okubalulekile wukuhlala uvulekele izingxoxo nezingxoxo ezinenhlonipho, njalo ufuna inhlalakahle nokuchuma kwabo bonke abantu.
Ngingu-Sebastián Vidal, unjiniyela wekhompyutha ozifelayo ngobuchwepheshe kanye ne-DIY. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngingumdali we tecnobits.com, lapho ngabelana khona ngezifundo zokwenza ubuchwepheshe bufinyeleleke kakhudlwana futhi buqonde wonke umuntu.